AEP school

1. BUILDING SERVICE (BLD 60903)
Project 2: Application of Building Services
Building Services Diary:
 Electrical Supply System
 Water Supply System
 Sewerage and Sanitary System
 Rainwater/ Surface Drainage System
Prepare By:
LIM ZIA HUEI
0321031
Tutor:
Mr. Azim

2. Content
Introductionof project
Electrical Supply
 Introduction&Function
 Componentsof System
 Materials,fitting,equipment,components,parts
 Operationof System
 *UBBL requirementorrelatedregulations
 Imagesanddiagramsof the system
Water Supply
 Introduction&Function
 Componentsof System
 Materials,fitting,equipment,components,parts
 Operationof System
 *UBBL requirementorrelatedregulations
 Imagesanddiagramsof the system
Sewerage andSanitary System
 Introduction&Function
 Componentsof System
 Materials,fitting,equipment,components,parts
 Operationof System
 *UBBL requirementorrelatedregulations
 Imagesanddiagramsof the system
Rainwater/Surface Water Management
 Introduction&Function
 Componentsof System
 Materials,fitting,equipment,components,parts
 Operationof System
 *UBBL requirementorrelatedregulations
 Imagesanddiagramsof the system
Drawings
Conclusion
References

3. INTRODUCTION
A buildingisverysimilartoa humanbody. Bothhouse importantcomplex operatingsystemsandorgan-
like piecesof vital equipment,bothtake infuel andproduce waste,andbothrequire regularcheck-ups
and a good maintenance program tostayhealthyandthriving.
Justlike humansneedtosee doctorsregularlyforupdatesonthe heart,lungsandeyes; buildings also
needtohave examinationsof itssystemsaswell. Checkups are requiredforHVACchillers,plumbing,
electricity,andthe buildingenvelope.
There are manydifferenttypesof systems thatare neededinabuilding.However,Iwill focuson
electrical supplysystem, watersupplysystem, sewerage andsanitarysystemaswell asstormwaterand
drainage systeminthisreport.
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM
INTRODUCTIONAND FUNCTION
Electricsupply systemcanbe knownas the conveyance of electricpowerfromapowerstationto
consumers’premises.Basically,anelectricsupplysystem consists of three principal componentswhich
are the powerstation,the transmissionlinesandthe distributionsystem.
Accordingto the TenagaNasional Berhad (TNB),if anyirregularitiesorsignmetertampering,legal
actioncan be takenas providedunderthe ElectricitySupplyAct1990. The followingimage showsthe
processof the electricitygeneratedfromthe generatingstationandtransferredtothe customers’
places.
Diagram of electric supply system from generating station
Electricity provideselectrical powertovariousparts,suchas electricoutlets,lighting,HVACequipment,
communicationsequipment,transportsystems,andaswell asfire system.Electricpowerina buildingis
veryimportantas failure couldparalyze afacility inabuilding.Itisverycrucial that properemergency
equipmentthatwouldsupplytemporaryelectrical needstothe building isprovidedtothe facility.
ElectricitysuppliersinMalaysia are differrentaccordingtoareasof the country.Electricityisdistributed
by TenagaNational Berhad(TNB) inPeninsularMalaysia,whereasinSabahandSarawakelectricityis
distributedbySabahElectricitySdn.Bhd.andSarawakEnergyBhd.respectively.Theseelectrical utility

4. companyprovidesgeneration,transmission anddistributionof electricitythroughoutthe country.They
are involvedinthe servicessuchasrepairs,testingandmaintenance of eachequipment,aswell as
constructionandmanufacturingof powerplantstoproduce highvoltage electricityfortransmissionand
distribution.
COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM
Electric Meter
A device usedtomeasure the amountof electricenergyconsumedbyabuilding andforbillingpurpose.
It can be calledelectricitymeter,electricmeterorelectrical meter.The basicunitof measure of electric
poweristhe Watt.
Image of electric meter
Distribution Box
It isalso knownas panelboard,breakerpanel,orelectricpanel.Itfunctionsasa componentof an
electricitysupplysystemthatdividesanelectrical powerfeedintosubsidiary circuits, while providinga
protective fuse orcircuitbreakerforeachcircuitin a commonenclosure.
Image of distribution box

5. 13A Power Plug Point
A powerplugpointorsocketoutletisthe familiaritemmountedonthe wall intowhichaplugcan be
inserted. Itisa device thatallowselectricallyoperatedequipmenttobe connectedtothe primary
alternatingcurrent(AC)powersupplyinabuilding. A singlesocketoutletisrated13amps.
Image of power plug point
3 Gang Switch
Switchesof lightfixturesandfan.
Image of 3 gang switch
Down Light
Downlightisa lamp,oftenalightbulbsetina metal cylinder,mountedonorrecessedintothe ceiling
so that a beamof lightisdirecteddownward.Itprovidesmore concentrated andpleasantambient
lightingandalsoeasyto install onthe ceilinghole.
Image of down light

6. Ceiling Fan
A ceilingfanisa mechanical fan,usuallyelectricallypowered, suspendedfromthe ceilingof a room,that
useshub-mountedrotatingpaddlestocirculate airor cool the roomefficiently.Itislowerincost.
Image of ceiling fan
OPERATIONOF SYSTEM
There are twotypesof electrical supplysystem,off-site powersystemandon-sitepowersystem.On-site
powersystem whichisusedinthe school containsnormal powersourcessuchas transformers,auxiliary
powersupply,cablesandemergencypowersupply(generator). The grid,generators,transmissionand
distributionsystemsare includedinthe powersystem.
The school is consideredasasmall building.Hence,electrical systemforthisbuildingconsistsof a
simple powerdistributionsystem. Electrical supplyfromTNBisfirstlydistributedtothe highvoltage
(HV) roomof a building.Lowervoltage(LV)roomthenreceiveselectrical supplyfromHV roomand
transmitselectricitytorisersoneachfloorof a building.The risersthendistributeelectrical supply
throughoutthe floors.Generatorroomscanonlybe foundin private buildingswhichactsas an
emergencypowersystem.Newlydevelopedbuildings suchasthe school adaptthe BuildingAutomatic
System(BAS).Itmonitorsandcontrolsfacilitiesthroughacentralizedsystem, suchaslighting,air
handlingunits,switchboardsandCCTV.

7. Diagram of distribution of electricity in a building
The electricityistransmittedthroughanelectricmetertopanels,wiringanddevicesthatare ownedand
operatedbythe buildingowner. Measurementof electricityusage isdone bymeters,usuallyinkilowatt
perhour. Safetydevicessuchasfusesandcircuitbreakersare usedto preventfire ordamage of devices
due to overusage of electricity.Fuseshave adisadvantage where itoperates once andmustbe
replaced, unlikecircuitbreakerswhere itcanbe resetto functionnormally.Circuitbreakersfunctions
bothas a protective device aswell asa switch.Itallowselectricitytopass through, while ensuringto
breakthe circuit whenoverloadedorshortcircuit.There are varioustypesof circuitbreakersto caterfor
differentneeds.Distributionboardsreceivescurrentwhichisthendistributedthroughabranchcircuit.
Branch circuitsare commonlyuseddue toitssafetypurposes.Itcontainsareserve capacitywhich
protectsthe circuitfrom overusage and shortcircuit.There are 3 differenttypesof outletsusedsuchas
single,multipleandgeneral multiple circuits.Theyare generallyusedforappliances,smalldevicesand
lightingrespectively. Some electricalappliancessuchaslightingand ceilingfan require asmall load,
while some appliancessuchasairconditionersrequireaheavierload.
UBBL REQUIREMENT ORRELATED REGULATIONS
Electrical Supply Act 1997 Act-477
Regulation15- Apparatus,Conductor,Accessory,etc.
1.Anyconductor or apparatusthat isexposedtoweather,water,corrosionunderheatingorusedin
inflammationsurroundingsorinan explosive atmosphere shall be constructedorprotectedinsucha
manneras to prevent danger.
Electrical Supply Act 1997 Act-477
Regulation16- Switch,SwitchFuse,CircuitBreaker,Contractor,Fuse,etc.
3.a) Fuse and circuitbreakersare arrangedinsuch a manneras to break the currentwhenitexceedsa
givenvalue of sufficienttime to preventdanger.
b) Constructed,guardedorplacedina mannerto preventdangerof overheatingandarchingfromthe
scatteringof hot metalsorothersubstances.

8. WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
INTRODUCTIONAND FUNCTION
A watersupplysystemisasystemthat suppliesthe watertothe wateroutletssuchas waterfaucets,
shower,waterclosetWC and ect.This supplysystemincludes the heatingmechanism,the water
pumpingmechanism, andthe pipingnetworkthattransportsthe hotand coldwaterthroughoutthe
buildingincludingthe valvesandfittingsusedinthe process. Watersupplysystemstartswithawater
supplierthatprovide watertoa home,througha watermain,thenbranchoff.
COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM
Water meter
Measure the volume of waterusedbyresidentialandcommercial buildingthatare suppliedwithwater
by a publicwater.
Image of water meter
Gate Valve
Permitorpreventthe flowof waterwhichsavesenergyandreducestotal costof ownership.
Image of Gate Valve

9. Water main
Thisis a pipe thatbringscold waterdirectlyfromthe waterpipe inthe streettothe stop tap inyour
building.
Image of water main
Stop tap
Thiscomponentalsocan be calledas stopcockor stopvalve.Itturns off the coldwater intoyourhouse,
fromthe watercominginfrom the street.Stoptapsare locatedat multiple fittingsforeasymaintenance
and repairs.Itcontrolsthe flowof waterthroughthe pipes.
Image of stop tap
HDPEWater Tank
Highdensitypolyethylene(HDPE) tankhelpstoovercome persistentcorrosionproblemsandspecifically
for storingwaterbefore the distributiontootherappliances.Componentsinthe watertank:
Floatoperatedvalve - Thisiscommonlyknownasa ball valve.Itis a mechanical valve that automatically
opensandclosesas wateris removedandaddedto a cistern,andtheycome in all shapesand sizesand
materials.
The warningpipe - This iscommonlyreferredtoasthe overflow.Itwill advise the occupierthatacistern
isfull andthe valve isnotturningoff waterand ‘warning’thatit couldspill overthe cisternsides.

10. Image and diagram of HDPE Water Tank
Hot Water StorageTank
A watertank usedtostore hot waterfor domesticuse.
Image of Hot Water Storage Tank

11. Water Heater
Provideshotwaterandstoredinhot waterstorage tank.
Image of water heater
uPVC Pipe
Conveyance anddistributionheatingordomesticuse bypotable water.Lightweightanddurable
material.
Image of uPVC pipe
Copper Tube
To channel hotwateras its surface isable to withstandimpactandabrasion.
Image of Copper Tube

12. OPERATIONOF SYSTEM
The distributionpipesof the watersupplysystemare generallylaidbelowthe roadpavements,and
theirlayoutsgenerallyfollow the layoutsof roads. Ingeneral,there are fourdifferenttypesof pipe
networksthatcan be usedwhichare deadendsystem, radial system, gridironsystemandringsystem.
Diagrams of four different types of pipe networks
The pipe networksystemthatisusedinmy school isthe ring systemwhichislaidalongthe peripheral
roads andsub mainsbranch outfrom the mains.Thissystemalsofollowsthe gridironsystemwiththe
flowpatternsimilarincharacterto that of deadendsystem.Inthisway,the determinationof the size of
pipeswill be easier.Notonlythat,the watercan be suppliedtoanypointinminimumtwodirections.

13. The methodsof waterdistributiondependonthe level of source,topographyof the areaandotherlocal
conditions.The fewwaysof methods of waterdistributionare gravitysystem,pumpingsystemand
combinedgravityandpumpingsystem.
Diagram of gravity system
Diagram of pumping system

14. Diagram of combined gravity and pumping system
Gravitysystemisusedforthe school since the source of the supplyisat sufficientheightandthis
methodisthe most reliableandeconomical distributionsystem.
UBBL REQUIREMENT ORRELATED REGULATIONS
UBBL Section 84
Preventionof Dampness
Suitable measuresshall be takentopreventthe penetrationof dampnessintothe building.
UBBL Section 89
Chase
A chase made in a wall forpipesandotherservice facilitiesshall leave the wall atthe backof the chase
not lessthan100mm thickinexternal wallsandpartywallsandnotwiderthan200 mm.
UBBL Section 123
PipesandService Ducts
1.a) adequate forthe accommodationof pipes,cablesandconduitsandforcrossingof branchesand
mains.

15. b) sufficientlylarge topermitaccesstocleaningeyes,stopcocksandothercontrolsto enable repairs
and modifications.
SEWERAGEAND SANITARY SYSTEM
INTRODUCTIONAND FUNCTION
Sewerage systemisasystemconsistsof sewers,pumpingmains,pumpingstations,sewage treatment
plantsand treatmentworksforthe collection,treatmentanddisposalof sewage andrecoveryof
industrial waterandincludesanyindustrial watermainandpipe,drain-line,grease trap,cesspit,septic
tank, privyand any appurtenance thereof.
Sanitaryplumbingsystemisasystemconsistsof sanitarypipeworkabove the ground comprisingone or
more discharge pipes,discharge stacks, ventilatingpipes,ventilatingstacksandfittingsforthe
conveyance of sewage from premisestoasanitarydrainage system.
A buildingcan be servedbyaninternal sanitaryplumbinganddrainage system.Thisinternal sanitary
plumbinganddrainage systemshall be connectedtopublicsewersbyaninternal drain-line maintained
by the owneror occupierof the development.
COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM
Vent Cowl
Ventilationcowl forprotectionagainstseatersprayandrain.Both supplyandexhaustthe smell from
spreadingintothe building.Cowl tobe turnedupwardsforeasymaintenance andinspection.
Image of Vent Cowl

16. P-Trap
It traps debristhathas drainedfromthe sinkandpreventsfromformingaclogin plumbing system,and
to stopssewergasesfrompassingintohome.
Image and diagram of P-Trap
Gully Trap
It isconstructedoutside the buildingtocarry waste waterdischarge fromwashbasin,sinks,bathroom
etc.And are connectedto the nearestbuildingdrain/sewersothatfoul gasesfromsewerdonot come
to the house.
Image and Diagram of Gully Trap

17. Floor trap
To collectwaste waterfromwashbasin,shower,sinkinthe bathroom.
Image of Floor Trap
Manhole
Manhole isthe top openingtoan underground utilityvaultusedtohouse anaccesspointformaking
connections,inspection,valveadjustmentsorperformingmaintenance underground.
Image of Manhole

18. Sump
A lowspace that collectsoftenwaterorchemicals.
Image and Diagram of sump
OPERATIONOF SYSTEM
Unlike largerbuildings,the plumbingsystemof thisbuildingdoesnotrequire the use of water-
circulatingpumps,orrooftopwatertowerstoensure that the waterpressure isadequate forall sections
of the building.The plumbingsystemforthisbuildingtypicallyconsistof one watermainenteringthe
buildingwithdomesticwaterdistributedthroughoutthe buildingbranchpiping.The waterflow is
dependentonstreetpressure. Sanitarysewerscarrywaste fromsinksandbathroom fixturestothe
sewage treatmentplant.Stormsewerscollectrainandsurface waterandcarry itto lakesor rivers.
For the maintenance of the plumbingsystem, itisnotnecessarilytohave regularmaintenance stepsbut
theyshouldbe aware of the importanthotand coldcontrol valves.Itisextremelyimportantthatthe
buildingstaff knowswhere those valvesare,andthattheyknow saidvalvesare inproperworking
condition if aleakisoccurring to helpshutoff the wateruntil a qualifiedplumbercan make a repair.
Notonlythat, regularmaintenance forthe property’sdrainpipingshouldbe done if stoppagesare a
commonproblem.Usually,mostproblems stemfromthe mainhouse draininthe basement,where all
of a building'swaste congregatesbefore leavingintothe sewer.

19. Example of sewage and sanitary system of a house
UBBL REQUIREMENT ORRELATED REGULATIONS
Laws of Malaysia Act 133 (Section 56)
No pipe usedforthe carryingof rainwaterfromanyroof shall be usedfor carryingoff the soil or
drainage fromany privyor waterclosetorany sulfate water.
Laws of Malaysia Act 133 (Section 56)
No waterpipe,stackpipe ordownspoutusedforthe conveyingof surface waterfromanypremisesshall
be usedto serve or act as a ventilatingshafttoanydrainor sewer.
Laws of Malaysia Act 133 (Section 61)
The local authoritymayerector fix toany buildingtosuchas pipesasare necessaryforthe ventilation
of the drainsand sewersbelongingtoit.
Water Services Industry Act2006 (Section 63)
The governmentmaydirectthe owneror managementof anypremise toinstall orconstructa private
sewerage systemorsepticforthe premises.
Water Services Industry Act2006 (Section 59)
Requiringall premisesisatall timesproperlydrainedforsewage inaccordance tothe Act by a sufficient
private connectionpipe communicatingwithapublicsewerorpublicseweragesystem.

20. RAINWATER/SURFACEWATER DRAINAGESYSTEM
INTRODUCTIONAND FUNCTION
Rainwaterorsurface waterdrainage happens whenrainwaterfallsona propertyanddrainsaway. The
designof the rainwaterorsurface waterdrainage systemhasto consideraboutthe flow of the water,
suitable dimensionsof the componentsof systemaswell asthe materialsof the componentsused.
COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM
Rainwater Downpipe
Downpipesare usuallyvertical andusuallyextenddowntogroundlevel.The waterisdirectedaway
fromthe building’sfoundationtoprotectthe foundationsfromwaterdrainage.The waterisusually
pipedtoa sewer,or letintothe ground.
Image and Diagram of Rainwater Downpipe

21. Gutter
Installedonthe eavesof the roof.Whichcollectsrainwaterfromthe roof of a buildinganddivertsaway
fromthe rainwaterdownpipe tothe drain.
Image of Gutter
Drain Sump
Drain sumpis a pitor reservoirservingasadrain or receptacle forliquids. Itlocatesatthe lowestpoint
ina circulatingordrainage system.
Image of Drain Sump

22. Drainage
Drainage isthe natural or artificial removal of asurfacesanditssub-surface waterfromanarea.
Image of Perimeter Drainage
200mmSubsoilUPVCPipe
Pipe placedslightlybelowthe soil level.
Image of a subsoil UPVC pipe
OPERATIONOF SYSTEM
There are twosystemsof drainage whichare 'foul'and 'surface water'and these twosystemsshouldbe
keptseparate.Each of these systemshasabove-groundandundergroundelements.
For foul drainage,itcarriesthe usedwaterfromtoilets,sinks,basins,baths,showers,bidets,
dishwashersandwashingmachines.The above-groundpipeworkisreferredtoassanitarypipework;the
undergroundpipeworkisreferredtoasfoul drainsand foul sewers.Andthisdrainage isconcludedin
sanitarysystem.
Surface waterdrainage carriesrainwaterfromhardsurfaces.The above-groundsystemof guttersand
rainwaterpipesisreferredtoasroof drainage;the undergroundpipeworkisreferredtoassurface
waterdrainsand surface watersewers.
To compare drainage and sewer,we canconclude thata drain servesasingle propertywhereasasewer
servesmore thanone property

23. The systemof the school worksbypipingusinggravity. Pipesare positioned,selectedandlaidsothat
the natural fall of the landhelpstransportthe stormwater.Stormwateris usually transportedbyakerb
and guttersystemoran undergroundstormwaterdrain.The componentpipe sizesare chosenaccording
to the area overwhichthe rain iscollectedandthe rainfall intensity.Rainfall intensityisdefinedas how
much rainfalls overa givenperiodof time. PipingforstormwaterdrainsisusuallyconstructedfromPVC,
reinforcedconcrete orFibre ReinforcedCement(FRC)
Openchannelsalsoare usedinthissystem.Opendrainage channel is usedinpreference topiping
because itischeaperand more effectiveinareasprone toflooding. Asacommonexample,the concrete
kerband channel atthe side of a street.Theyuse the natural fall of the landfor the flow.The depthand
widthof the channel will dependonthe volume of stormwaterthatitisexpectedtohandle.Channels
may be made of concrete,brickor othersolidanddurable materials.Itisnotrecommendedtouse soil
channelsasthese are veryprone to erosion.
Diagram of Storm Drain system
UBBL REQUIREMENT ORRELATED REGULATIONS
Laws of Malaysia Act 133 (Section 56)
No pipe usedforthe carryingof rainwaterfromany roof shall be usedfor carryingoff the soil or
drainage fromany privyor waterclosetorany sulfate water.
Laws of Malaysia Act 133 (Section 56)
No waterpipe,stackpipe ordownspoutusedforthe conveyingof surface waterfromany premises shall
be usedto serve or act as a ventilatingshafttoanydrainor sewer.
UBBL Section 115
All roof of buildingshall be constructedtodraineffectivelyandsufficientchannelshall be providedin
accordance withthe requirementof these lawsforreceivingandconveyingall waterwhichmayfell on
and fromthe roof.

24. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION
Aftercompletingthisassignment,Ilearnedtoidentifyrelevantinformationrelatedtowaterand
electrical supply,liquidwaste disposal,sanitaryaswell asrainwatermanagementsystem.Afterthis,I
able to describe the planningof buildingserviceswithinthe designandconstructionperipheries.I
learnedtopropose the more suitable systemsforaspecifictype of a building.
REFERENCES
1. Chudley,Roy.1988. BuildingFinishes,Fittings andDomesticServices.2ndEdition.Longman.
2. Soh ShingFollow.(2014,December05).Buildingservicesreport.RetrievedJuly05,2017, from
https://www.slideshare.net/sohshing/building-services-report
3. How Do Our WaterSystemsWork?(n.d.).RetrievedJuly05,2017, from
http://www.valueofwater.ca/water-facts/how-do-our-water-systems-work/
4. Ashikin Follow.(2015,April 13). Coldwatersupplysystem&Components.RetrievedJuly05,
2017, fromhttps://www.slideshare.net/manshe82/t2-cold-water-supply-system
5. SyafiqZariful Follow.(2015,June 27). Hot Water SupplyReportBS1. RetrievedJuly05,2017,
fromhttps://www.slideshare.net/syafiqzariful/hot-water-supply-report-bs1
6. Groundwork.(n.d.). RetrievedJuly05,2017, from
https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/toolbox/plumbing/toolbox12_01/units/cpcpdr4002a_stormw
ater/00_groundwork/page_003.htm
7. KeepingBasementsDry.(n.d.).RetrievedJuly05,2017, from
http://www.ashireporter.org/homeinspection/articles/keeping-basements-dry/1048