Integrated Management Planning of Surface and Ground Water in Nebraska January 18, 2017 Christine Reed

1. 1
WATER SEMINAR
GOOD AFTERNOON EVERYONE AND THANK YOU FOR COMING. AND THANK
YOU TO CHITTARANJAN AND THE WATER CENTER FOR INVITING ME TO SHARE
WITH YOU MY RESEARCH ON INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT IN
NEBRASKA.
[INSERT COVER SLIDE]
LET ME FIRST PROVIDE YOU WITH A LITTLE MORE DETAIL ABOUT HOW I
APPROACH THE SUBJECT OF THIS LECTURE. MY TRAINING AS A PROFESSOR OF
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION LEADS ME FIRST AND FOREMOST TO ASK QUESTIONS
ABOUT THE GOVERNANCE OF THE MAJOR RIVER BASINS IN NEBRASKA,
INCLUDING THE MANAGEMENT OF GROUND WATER THAT HAS A
HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTION TO STREAM FLOWS.
GOVERNANCE OF THE PLATTE RIVER BASIN IN PARTICULAR DEALS WITH THE
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF SURFACE AND GROUND WATER, AS WELL AS
THE MANAGEMENT OF DAMS, DIVERSIONS AND STORAGE FOR HYDROPOWER,
FLOOD CONTROL AND IRRIGATION.
[INSERT MAP OF PLATTE RIVER]

2. 2
AS YOU KNOW, THE NORTH PLATTE AND SOUTH PLATTE RIVERS JOIN TOGETHER
AND BECOME THE PLATTE RIVER IN NORTH PLATTE, NE. DAMS, AS WELL AS
WATER DIVERSION AND STORAGE PROJECTS HAVE CHANGED THE PLUMBING
OF THE RIVER IN WAYS THAT WOULD TAKE ANOTHER LECTURE TO COVER
ADEQUATELY. THE SHORT VERSION, THOUGH, IS THAT THESE PROJECTS HAVE
SERVED THE AGRICULTURAL ECONOMIES OF NEBRASKA, COLORADO AND
WYOMING, BUT IT HAVE ALSO FUNDAMENTALLY ALTERED THE NATURAL FLOW
REGIME OF THE PLATTE RIVER.
THERE ARE MANY ENTITIES THAT ARE PART OF GOVERNANCE ON THE PLATTE
RIVER. THERE IS A COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT AMONG THE THREE STATES OF
NEBRASKA, COLORADO AND WYOMING AND THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
INTERIOR THAT CREATED THE PLATTE RIVER RECOVERY IMPLEMENTATION
PROGRAM. THE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE OF THE PRRIP INCLUDES MEMBERS
REPRESENTING THE U.S.F.W.S., U.S. BUREAU OF RECLAMATION, THE THREE
STATES, AND REPRESENTATIVES OF THE NRDS, PUBLIC POWER AND IRRIGATION
DISTRICTS, AND ENVIRONMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS SUCH AS THE NEBRASKA
AUDUBON SOCIETY. THE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE IS A UNIQUE CASE OF
COLLABORATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE, THAT I HAVE STUDIED IT FOR
THE PAST FIVE YEARS WITH A GRANT FROM THE WATER FOR FOOD INSTITUTE.

3. 3
THIS COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT ALLOWED NEBRASKA, COLORADO AND
WYOMING TO PROCEED WITH WATER PROJECTS ALONG THE PLATTE IN
EXCHANGE FOR DEFINED CONTRIBUTIONS OF WATER AND LAND AIMED AT THE
RESTORATION OF CRITICAL HABITAT FOR MIGRATORY BIRDS, SUCH AS THE
WHOOPING CRANE, LISTED AS ENDANGERED OR THREATENED UNDER THE
ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT. THE RESTORATION PROJECTS ARE UNDERWAY
ALONG THE BIG BEND REACH, ALSO KNOWN AS THE ASSOCIATED HABITAT
AREA.
THE PRRIP IS ONE PIECE OF INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT. I WILL EXPLAIN
SHORTLY WHY THE PRRIP CARES ABOUT SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
HAVING A HYDROLOGICAL CONNECTION. ANOTHER PIECE IS INTEGRATED
MANAGEMENT PLANNING IN NE, AUTHORIZED BY STATE LAW IN 2004 AND
INVOLVING DNR AND NRDS.
ALTOGETHER THESE ELEMENTS FORM A POLYCENTRIC SYSTEM OF
GOVERNANCE, DEFINED AS HAVING MULTIPLE OVERLAPPING JURISDICTIONS AT
DIFFERENT SCALES, EACH WITH SOME INDEPENDENT AUTHORITY OVER
PARTICULAR ISSUES OR FUNCTIONAL AREAS.
[INSERT MAP OF THE NRDS]

4. 4
THERE ARE A TOTAL OF 23 NRDS WHOSE JURISDICTIONAL BOUNDARIES
FOLLOW THE RIVER BASINS IN THE STATE. NRDS ARE POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS
OF STATE GOVERNMENT, WITH LOCALLY ELECTED BOARDS AND AUTHORITY
OVER GROUND WATER USE. IT IS A UNIQUE APPROACH TO WATER
MANAGEMENT, FOUND ONLY IN THIS STATE.
IT IS UNIQUE FOR TWO REASONS. THE FIRST IS THAT IN MANY CASES LOCAL
GOVERNMENT JURISDICTIONS DO NOT FOLLOW NATURAL BOUNDARIES LIKE
RIVER BASINS OR SUB-BASINS. THE WAY THAT POLICYMAKERS OFTEN TRY TO
DEAL WITH THIS DISCONNECT IS EXPAND THE SCOPE OF GOVERNMENT SO THAT
IT OVERLAPS THOSE NATURAL BOUNDARIES. WE OFTEN END UP WITH LARGE-
SCALE TOP-DOWN GOVERNMENT. THE NRD SYSTEM IS UNIQUE BECAUSE LOCAL
JURISDICTIONS FOLLOW THE RIVER BASINS AND SUB-BASINS IN THE STATE.
THE SECOND REASON WHY THE NEBRASKA APPROACH IS SO UNIQUE IS
RELATED TO THE FIRST: BECAUSE WE HAVE THE NRD SYSTEM THAT MANAGES
GROUND WATER USE, STATE LAW AUTHORIZING INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT
PLANNING GIVES A MAJOR ROLE TO THE NRDS AND CREATES A BOTTOM-UP
PLANNING PROCESS. THE DNR WORKS JOINTLY WITH THE NRDS AND PLAYS THE
ROLE OF FACILITATOR, PROVIDING GUIDANCE AND SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE.

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EACH NRD IS REQUIRED BY STATE LAW TO JOINTLY DEVELOP (WITH THE DNR)
AN IMP IF THEIR JURISDICTION FALLS WITHIN A RIVER BASIN OR SUB-BASIN
DETERMINED BY DNR TO BE FULLY APPROPRIATED, OR DESIGNATED BY DNR AS
OVER APPROPRIATED. THE FIVE NRDS WHOSE BOUNDARIES ARE WITHIN THE
OVER APPROPRIATED STRETCH OF THE UPPER PLATTE BASIN ARE ALSO
REQUIRED TO DEVELOP (TOGETHER WITH THE DNR) A BASIN WIDE PLAN.
[INSERT MAP OF FULLY APPROPRIATED AREA]
[INSERT MAP OF OVER APPROPRIATED AREA]
SINCE THE GOVERNANCE OF THE PLATTE RIVER IS SO COMPLEX, I WILL EXAMINE
LATER DETAILS ABOUT THE ROLE OF ONE NRD INVOLVED IN THIS GOVERNANCE
PROCESS: THE CPNRD. IT IS LOCATED IN THE ASSOCIATED HABITAT AREA OF THE
PRRIP, IT IS REPRESENTED ON THE GOVERNANCE COMMITTEE OF THE PRIPP,
AND ITS JURISDICTION FALLS WITHIN AN AREA OF THE UPPER PLATTE BASIN
REQUIRED TO DEVELOP BOTH AN IMP AND A BASIN WIDE PLAN.

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IN THE INTERESTS OF TIME I WANT TO CONDENSE THE LEGAL AND
ADMINISTRATIVE DEFINITIONS OF FULLY AND OVER APPROPRIATED INTO
WHAT MAY SEEM LIKE A SIMPLISTIC REDUCTION. BUT LET ME SUGGEST THAT IF
AN AREA IS FULLY APPROPRIATED THEN THERE IS A BALANCE BETWEEN
SURFACE WATER SUPPLIES AND APPROPRIATIONS FOR IRRIGATION,
INDUSTRIAL, MUNICIPAL AND SO ON. THE DNR, WHICH APPROVES SURFACE
WATER RIGHTS, HAS DECLARED A MORATORIUM ON NEW SURFACE WATER
RIGHTS IN THESE AREAS.
IF AN AREA IS OVER APPROPRIATED THEN - - AS THE TERM SUGGESTS - - THE
SUPPY OF SURFACE WATER IS INSUFFICIENT TO MEET EXISTING
APPROPRIATIONS. THE IMPS IN THOSE AREAS MUST OFFSET DEPLETIONS TO
STREAMFLOWS DUE TO WATER USE AFTER JULY 1, 1997.
NOW THE REASON WHY INTEGRATED SURFACE AND GROUND WATER
MANAGEMENT IS NECESSARY IS THAT A MAJOR SOURCE OF THE DEPLETIONS
TO SURFACE WATER IN HC AREAS IS GROUND WATER IRRIGATION. ENTER THE
NRDS WITH AUTHORITY OVER GROUND WATER USE. THEIR IMPS MUST
INCLUDE PLANS TO OFFSET DEPLETIONS TO SURFACE WATER APPROPRIATIONS.
[INSERT “INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLANS”]

7. 7
LB 962 AUTHORIZED INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT PLANNING IN 2004 AS AN
AMENDMENT TO THE GROUND WATER MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION ACT.
THE PRRIP WAS A MAJOR MOTIVATION, AND STATE LEGISLATORS WANTED TO
GET AHEAD OF ITS START DATE IN 2007. THE REQUIREMENTS IN STATE LAW ARE
PRETTY BASIC, LEAVING THE NRDS TO DEVELOP PLANS THAT MAKE SENSE IN
THE CONTEXT OF THE UNIQUE HYDROGEOLOGY IN EACH AREA. THE CPNRD IS A
CASE IN POINT.
SINCE THE AREA WITHIN ITS JURISDICTION DESIGNATED AS OVER
APPROPRIATED IS HYDROLOGICALLY CONNECTED TO GROUND WATER, ITS IMP
MUST OFFSET DEPLETIONS DUE TO WATER USE IN ITS DISTRICT USING 1997 AS
THE REFERENCE POINT. IN FULLY APPROPRIATED AREAS THERE CAN BE NO NEW
DEPLETIONS.
AS I WILL SHOW LATER, THE CPNRD HAS AVOIDED HAVING TO REGULATE
GROUND WATER USE BY DEVELOPING A WATER BANK AND BY ENTERING INTO
PURCHASE OR LEASE AGREEMENTS WITH PRIVATE CANAL COMPANIES.

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THE IMP PROCESS MUST CONSULT WITH STAKEHOLDERS. IN THE CASE OF THE
CPNRD THE LATE GENERAL MANAGER, RON BISHOP, SPENT YEARS WORKING
WITH STAKEHOLDERS IN HIS DISTRICT TO DESIGN THESE PROJECTS. I WILL
RETURN TO THIS POINT LATER WITH MORE SPECIFICS.
THE BASIN WIDE PLAN MUST ALSO CONSULT AND COLLABORATE WITH
STAKEHOLDERS. I CHECKED THE DNR WEB SITE BECAUSE THEY ARE JUST NOW
BEGINNING THE SECOND TEN YEAR BASIN WIDE PLANNING CYCLE AND THERE
ARE OVER THIRTY PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED. THOSE STAKEHOLDERS
INCLUDE THE FIVE NRDS, PUBLIC POWER AND IRRIGATION DISTRICTS,
MUNICIPALITIES, AND REPRESENTATIVES FROM SURFACE WATER USERS,
GROUND WATER IRRIGATORS, AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT/WILDLIFE.
IMPS AND BASIN WIDE PLANS ARE JOINTLY DEVELOPED WITH THE DNR. BUT I
WANT TO EMPHASIZE THAT THE STATE’S ROLE IS TO FACILITATE THE PLANNING
PROCESS, NOT TO DIRECT IT IN A TOP-DOWN REGULATORY FASHION.

9. 9
THE ROLE OF THE NRDS IN THE OVER APPROPRIATED STRETCH OF THE UPPER
PLATTE BASIN GOES BEYOND THE IMP PROCESS. THEY ALSO SHARE
RESPONSIBILITY WITH DNR FOR IMPLEMENTING THE NEBRASKA NEW
DEPLETION PLAN THAT IS PART OF THE PRRIP.
[INSERT “NEW DEPLETION PLAN”]
THE STATE OF NEBRASKA AGREED TO PREVENT OR MITIGATE NEW DEPLETIONS
TO USFWS TARGET FLOWS TO THE EXTENT THOSE NEW DEPLETIONS ARE
CAUSED BY NEW AND EXPANDED USES OF WATER ON OR AFTER JULY 1, 1997.
REPONSIBILITY IS SHARED BETWEEN DNR AND THE NRDS IN THE UPPER PLATTE
RIVER BASIN. THE STATE AND NRDS COVERED BY THE NEW DEPLETIONS PLAN
ARE RESPONSIBLE TO OFFSET NEW (DEFINED AS STARTING IN 1997 - - THE DATE
OF THE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT) GROUND WATER USES IN HC AREAS. THE
DEFINITION OF HC IS WHERE THE CUMULATIVE EFFECT ON STREAM FLOW
DEPLETION FROM WELLS CONSTRUCTED IN THAT AREA WOULD = 28 PER CENT
OF TOTAL GROUND WATER CONSUMED AS A RESULT OF WITHDRAWALS OVER
A 40 YEAR PERIOD. (REPEAT THE DEFINITION)

10. 10
YOU WILL NOTICE A COINCIDENCE HERE: UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF LB 962, IF
AN NRD IS WITHIN AN OVER APPROPRIATED AREA IT MUST GET BACK TO 1997
CONDITIONS. THE YEAR 1997 IS SIGNIFICANT BECAUSE IT WAS THE YEAR IN
WHICH NE SIGNED THE PRIPP COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT.
[INSERT “GOVERNANCE” SLIDE noting blue and red]
THIS SLIDE SUMMARIZES THE MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE POLYCENTRIC SYSTEM
OF WATER GOVERNANCE THAT IS SO UNIQUE AND THEORETICALLY
SIGNIFICANT. HERE AGAIN IS THE DEFINITION USED BY MY COLLEAGUE, TOM
KOONTZ, WHO HAS CONDUCTED EXTENSIVE RESEARCH ON ADAPTI
INSTITUTIONS IN SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS GOVERNANCE:
[INSERT “POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE”]
A POLYCENTRIC SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE IS DEFINED AS HAVING MULTIPLE
OVERLAPPING JURISDICTIONS AT DIFFERENT SCALES, EACH WITH SOME
INDEPENDENT AUTHORITY OVER PARTICULAR ISSUES OR FUNCTIONAL AREAS.
IT HAS INTERDEPENDENT CENTERS OF AUTHORITY, EACH WITH QUALIFIED
INDEPENDENCE OVER ITS OWN FUNCTIONAL AREA, AND IT IS OFTEN DESCRIBED
AS SELF-ORGANIZED: ARISING IN A BOTTOM UP FASHION WITH NEW
BOUNDARIES THAT CAN MATCH THE SCALE OF THE ISSUE AT HAND.

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IT PROMOTES INTERACTIONS UP AND DOWN LEVELS OF GOVERNANCE AND
PROMOTES INSTITUTIONS THAT CAN ADAPT TO CHANGING CONDITIONS, SUCH
AS WEATHER, ICE PACK IN THE HEADWATERS AND VARIATIONS IN RIVER
FLOWS.
[INSERT DIAGRAM]
THIS SLIDE SHOWS HOW THE ELEMENTS OF WHAT I HAVE DEFINED AS A
POLYCENTRIC SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE FIT TOGETHER. THE NRDS IN THE
UPPER PLATTE BASIN JOINTLY DEVELOP WITH DNR THEIR IMPS AND ALSO
PARTICIPATE IN THE BASIN WIDE PLAN PROCESS. STAKEHOLDERS IN THE
PROCESS ARE OFF TO THE SIDE WITHOUT CONNECTING ARROWS, BECAUSE
THEIR ROLE IS LIMITED TO CONSULTATION AND COLLABORATION WITH THE
DECISION MAKERS AUTHORIZED BY LB 962 - - DNR AND THE NRDS. BUT NOTICE
THAT CNPPID (AND NPPD) ARE REPRESENTED ON THE GC OF THE PRRIP.
YOU WILL NOTICE THAT THERE ARE ALSO ARROWS GOING FROM DNR TO THE
PRRIP AS WELL AS ARROWS GOING TO THE PRRIP DIRECTLY FROM THE NRDS,
BECAUSE THEY ARE ALSO REPRESENTED ON THE GC. THE NRDS SHARE A VOTE
WITH CNPPID AND NPPD.

12. 12
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PRRIP DEPENDS ON THE STATES AND THEIR
POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS WORKING TOGETHER TO REDUCE SHORTAGES TO
USFWS TARGET FLOW IN THE PLATTE RIVER THROUGH A COMBINATION OF
RETIMING SURFACE WATER AND OFFSETTING DEPLETIONS TO STREAM FLOWS
FROM GROUND WATER USE.
I WANT TO FOCUS NOW ON THE CPNRD AS A CASE STUDY AND LOOK AT ITS
ROLE IN THIS GOVERNANCE SYSTEM. THE DISTRICT’S JURISDICTION OVERLAPS
WITH THE ASSOCIATED HABITAT AREA OF THE PRRIP AND IS ALSO LOCATED IN
THE UPPER PLATTE BASIN DESIGNATED BY DNR AS OVER APPROPRIATED.
[INSERT MAPS OF PLATTE RIVER AND OVER APPROPRIATED AREA]
THE CPNRD HAS ENTERED INTO PURCHASE AND LEASE AGREEMENTS WITH THE
COZAD DITCH COMPANY, THE THIRTY MILE IRRIGATION DISTRICT AND THE
ORCHARD/ALFALFA CANAL. THE CPNRD PAYS FOR THE REHABILITATION OF
THESE CANALS, AND APPLIES ON THEIR BEHALF TO THE DNR TO STORE EXCESS
STREAMFLOWS DURING THE NON-IRRIGATION SEASON FOR GROUND WATER
RECHARGE AND EVENTUAL RETURN TO THE PLATTE.
[INSERT CENTRAL PLATTE PARTNERSHIPS]

13. 13
SURFACE WATER IRRIGATORS WITH WELLS CAN SWITCH TO GROUND WATER,
WHICH IS OFTEN LESS EXPENSIVE. THE CPNRD CAN USE THE RECHARGE
PROJECTS AS OFFSETS TO NEW DEPLETIONS. THE NRD CAN ALSO APLY TO THE
DNR ON BEHALF OF THESE SURFACE WATER PROVIDERS TO DIVERT SURFACE
WATER DURING THE IRRIGATION SEASON BACK TO THE RIVER, AND TO LEASE A
PORTION OF THAT WATER BACK TO THE PRRIP. THE PRRIP CAN COUNT THAT
WATER TOWARD ITS MILESTONE OF REDUCING SHORTAGES TO USFWS TARGET
FLOWS.
FINALLY THE NRD CAN USE BOTH THE OTHER PORTION OF THAT AUGMENTED
FLOW AND THE OFFSET FROM GROUND WATER RECHARGE IN THE CANALS TO
MEET ITS RESPONSIBILITY UNDER THE NEW DEPLETION PLAN. FUNDS FOR
THESE PROJECTS CAME FROM THE CPNRD, THE NE ENVIRONMENTAL TRUST,
AND THE STATE WATER MANAGEMENT FUND, AS WELL AS THE PRRIP THROUGH
ITS LEASE AGREEMENT WITH CPNRD.
[INSERT CPNRD WATER BANK]

14. 14
THE CPNRD WAS ALSO THE FIRST NRD TO START A WATER BANK. THE WAY THE
WATER BANK WORKS IS THAT THE NRD PURCHASES WATER RIGHTS FROM
WILLING OWNERS WHO AGREE TO STOP IRRIGATING ALL OR A PORTION OF
THEIR LAND. THE NRD CALCULATES THE SELLING PRICE BASED ON THE IMPACT
OF THAT WATER RIGHT IN TERMS OF AF RETURNED TO THE PLATTE AND THEN
“BANKS” THAT AMOUNT TO BE USED AS AN OFFSET TO NEW DEPLETIONS.
THE WATER BANK ALLOWS THE NRD TO MEET ITS RESPONSIBILITIES UNDER
BOTH LB 962 AND THE NEW DEPLETION PLAN THAT IS PART OF THE PRRIP. IT
ALLOWS THE NRD TO MEET THE NEEDS OF NEW INDUSTRIES AS WELL AS THE
NEEDS OF MUNICIPALITIES WITH GROWING POPULATIONS - - WITHOUT
HAVING TO REGULATE OR RESTRICT EXISTING GROUND WATER USE. WHILE
THERE IS A MORATORIUM AS PART OF THE IMP ON NEW AND EXPANDED
PUMPING, THERE HAS - - AS OF YET - - BEEN NO MANDATORY WITHDRAWALS
OF IRRIGATED ACRES FROM PRODUCTION.

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[INSERT “WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED”]
SO WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED SO FAR ABOUT THE GOVERNANCE OF
INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT IN NEBRASKA? THE FIRST - - AND MOST
IMPORTANT - - CONCLUSION IS THAT NEBRASKA’S APPROACH IS UNIQUE
AMONG THE FIFTY STATES. NEBRASKA IS UNIQUE BECAUSE THE IMP PROCESS IS
ESSENTIALLY BOTTOM-UP, WITH DNR FACILITATING THE DEVELOPMENT AND
IMPLEMENTATION OF NRD PLANS. DNR ADMINISTERS THE SYSTEM OF SURFACE
WATER APPROPRIATIONS FOR SURFACE WATER USERS, BUT ITS ROLE IN THE
IMP PROCESS IS NOT TO REPRESENT PROVIDERS, LIKE CNPPID, IN DECISION
MAKING.
THE NRD SYSTEM IS ONE-OF-A KIND, BECAUSE LOCAL BOUNDARIES FOLLOW
THE RIVER BASINS. RESEARCH ON POLYCENTRIC GOVERNANCE SYSTEMS, SUCH
AS THE WORK OF MY COLLEAGUE TOM KOONTZ, SUGGESTS THAT MATCHING
JURISDICTIONAL BOUNDARIES TO THE SCALE OF THE ISSUE, IS A KEY FACTOR IN
PROMOTING THE CAPACITY OF OUR INSTITUTIONS TO ADAPT TO CHANGES IN
THE ENVIRONMENT. I HAVE USED THE EXAMPLE OF THE CPNRD TO ILLUSTRATE
THIS POINT.

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A SECOND LESSON IS THAT A POLYCENTRIC SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE, SUCH AS
THE ONE IN THE UPPER PLATTE RIVER BASIN, CREATES OPPORTUNITIES FOR
INTERACTIONS AT DIFFERENT SCALES. I HAVE USED THE EXAMPLE OF CPNRD TO
SHOW HOW THESE INTERACTIONS CAN WORK, IN PARTICULAR ITS LEASE
AGREEMENT WITH THE PRRIP AUGMENTING STREAM FLOWS AND REDUCING
SHORTAGES TO USFWS TARGET FLOWS IN THE UPPER PLATTE RIVER BASIN.
OTHER NRDS IN THIS BASIN ALSO PARTICIPATE IN THE PRRIP’S WATER ACTION
PLAN.
I HOPE THAT I HAVE MADE THE CASE FOR THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING THE
GOVERNANCE OF WATER. THE ROLE OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT DECISION-
MAKING IS A PARTICULAR INTEREST OF MINE, ESPECIALLY IN ADAPTIVE
MANAGEMENT. I WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU IF YOU ARE INTERESTED AS WELL.
I WANT TO THANK YOU FOR INVITING ME AND FOR YOUR ATTENTION.
Source: T. Koontz et al. (2015) “Adaptive Institutions in Social-Ecological
Systems Governance: A Synthesis Framework,” Environmental Science & Policy.