Dialectical Change

Dialectical Change
Marx embraced Hegel's belief that the driving force of historical change was the dialectic. This
refers to a process of development in which interaction between two opposing forces leads to a
further stage. Conflict between a thesis and its opposing force, an antithesis, leads to a higher level,
a synthesis, which, in turn, constitutes a new thesis. However, while Hegel explained dialectical
change in terms of ideas or the 'world spirit', Marx gave the concept a materialist interpretation.
Perceiving history as a series of economic stages of society, most of which contain two main
classes, Marx explained historical change by reference to the class conflict within each economic
system that eventually led to the collapse of each class society.
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Marxism And Its Effects On The World 's Republic Of China
During the nineteenth century, in the midst of increased industrialization, worker exploitation, and
growing gaps in wealth, Karl Marx formulated a political theory which would go on to remodel
global politics in an unprecedented manner. Marxism, as it would later be known, or more generally,
Communism, was destined to guide countless nations' paths to "liberation." Two countries in
particular, the USSR and the People's Republic of China, can trace their rapid escapes from
"backwardness" into industrial powerhouses, and international superpower and rising superpower,
respectively, to their adoption, as well as their exclusive interpretations, of Marxism. However, such
flexible and broad adaptations of Marxism to these nations' ... Show more content on
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The aforementioned information is detailed within The Marxian Revolution Chapters 1 and 3. So
where did Lenin and Mao diverge from and align with the ideas of Marx? From the start, Lenin was
working with a Russia that did not yet meet the criteria of a conscious proletariat, indicating
readiness for revolution. As such, he amended Marxism to better suit the circumstances of the
Russian population. The first manner in which Lenin contrasts with Marx is through his utilization
of a peasant uprising, rather than a worker uprising. At that point in Russia's history, Russia was still
in a feudal phase, where industry has not yet taken off, and the vast majority of the population was
peasants, whom were controlled by landlords as well as the Tsarist Government. Lenin justified the
propriety of revolution by asserting that Russia was in a state of capitalism. Lenin further diverged
from Marx in the fact that Marx believed that the revolution should be lead by the self aware
proletariat, rather than merely consisting of proletarian participants. However, lacking both a
proletariat majority, as well as a conscious class, Lenin determined that the revolution must be lead
by an elite base. As mentioned in Comrades!, Marx greatly feared a preemptive revolution, and it is
plausible that such a faulty foundation of Communism in Russia is what eventually lead to the
USSR's downfall. Nonetheless, Lenin proceeded with his Bolshevik Revolution and disbanded with

Karl Marx and the Ideal Society Essay
Karl Marx and the Ideal Society
One of the greatest debates of all time has been regarding the issue of the freedom of mankind. The
one determining factor, for Marx, it that freedom is linked with class conflict. As a historian, Karl
Marx traced the history of mankind by the ways in which the economy operated and the role of
classes within the economy. For Marx, the biggest question that needed to be answered was "Who
owns freedom?" With this in mind, Marx gives us a solution to both the issues of freedom and class
conflict in his critique of capitalism and theory of communism, which is the ideal society for Marx.
His theory of communism is based on the "ultimate end of human history" because there will be
freedom for all humankind. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marx dismissed the relevance of all but two of these classes, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat,
because they didn't have any real impact on society as a whole. They weren't in a position to exploit
labor. His theory focuses on the conflict and antagonism between those who owned the modes of
production, the bourgeoisie, and those who were forced into selling their labor to them, the
proletariat. As Marx saw it, "class is about the transfer of surplus (profit) from below and the
exercise of power from above". The class with the means of material production also has the means
of intellectual control. Those in charge have a political doctrine to control their interests, at whatever
cost. This led to what Marx terms "brain colonization". The concept of ideology was used in the
defense of capitalism. It was a strategy used to support the system and keep the workers concerns
quieted. Liberalism was the ideology used by the bourgeoisie. Marx said, "Liberal ideology is used
to blind the workers to the injustice of exploitation". It was an official veil to persuade the masses
that they are free by extolling the myths of progress to them. They argued that since slavery was no
longer used for labor, the workers were indeed free. The workers were also told to find happiness
and freedom through religion for their material conditions were as

Comparing Vladimir Lenin 's Eyes And A Capitalist Society
The popular, the majority, the working class, the predominant, the masses. There are countless terms
available to describe who has the most socio–political power, the most weathered; the proletariats.
In Vladimir Lenin's eyes, in a capitalist society a proletariat is the term used to describe the working
class, the class that does not have ownership of any means of production(land and capital) and
whose sole income source derives from labor. The minority, who own the majority of the wealth, the
means of production, and the means of coercion(law enforcement and legal system). In a capitalist
society, the bourgeoisie exploit the proletariats. Only the bourgeoisie could afford the means of
production, therefore they control the proletariat's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They would prohibit any Soviet that had a capitalist agenda from gaining any socio–political power,
therefore creating the first completely proletarian government, made by and for the working class.
Another example of where this method was applied is the Chinese Communist Revolution. Qu
Lindong, a prominent Chinese historian at the University of Beijing, describes "Marxism as the
dominant outlook in[Chinese] history." In fact, the Chinese Revolution was championed by Mao
Zedong, a devout believer in the Marxism–Leninism revolutionary theories, whom attempted to
apply the techniques used by Lenin in the Russian Revolution, adapted slightly to fit China's socio–
political needs, to his own nation. Both of these revolution's occurred for the same reason; the
majority's exasperation in their respective, unequal social structure. Essentially, the working class
got tired of being exploited and suppressed by the ruling class, and decided to take a stand against
them, as one unit. The Chinese Revolution was similar to the Russian Revolution because, once
capitalism reigned globally supreme, the only type of revolt that could occur is the overthrow of
capitalism by the conscious revolutionary acts of the proletariat. Therefore, almost all revolutions
are based on class conflict and

The Communist Manifesto Marx And Engels
For Karl Marx, the analysis of social class, class structures and changes in those structures are key
to understanding capitalism and other social systems or modes of production. In the Communist
Manifesto Marx and Engels comment that the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of
class struggles. Analysis of class divisions and struggles is especially important in developing an
understanding of the nature of capitalism. For Marx, classes are defined and structured by the
relations concerning (i) work and labour and (ii) ownership or possession of property and the means
of production. These economic factors more fully govern social relationships in capitalism than they
did in earlier societies. While earlier societies contained various strata or groupings which might be
considered classes, these may have been strata or elites that were not based solely on economic
factors like that of priesthood, knights, or military elite.
Marx 's theories about society, economics and politics, which are collectively known as Marxism,
argue that all society progresses through the dialectic of class struggle. He was heavily critical of the
current socio–economic form of society, capitalism, which he called the "dictatorship of the
bourgeoisie," believing it to be run by the wealthy middle and upper classes purely for their own
benefit, and predicted that it would inevitably produce internal tensions which would lead to its
self–destruction and replacement by a new system,

Marxism And The Marxist Theory Of Karl Marx
Intro – Karl Marx, born 1818, a founder of sociology and famous for writings such as The
Communist Manifesto, was an influential ideologist during the 1800's whose ideas focused on
historical materialism and whose philosophy tended to focus on the understanding of a capitalist
society, he aimed to create a materialist analysis, being a historical account, which examines the
means in which humans collectively produce the necessities for life. Class– One of the main focuses
of Marx's ideology was class, the belief that all human history is just a succession of form of class
societies. Under a capitalist state there is believed to be three class categories the landowners,
capitalists and wage labourers but Marx theorised the emergence of only ... Show more content on
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Marx believed that the existence of these two classes will lead to an eventual conflict, an uprising of
the proletariat by seizing production from the bourgeoisie leading to a 'dictatorship of the
proletariat', Marx stated in a letter to J. Wedeymeyer "And now as to myself, no credit is due to me
for discovering the existence of classes in modern society or the struggle between them. Long
before me bourgeois historians had described the historical development of this class struggle and
bourgeois economists, the economic anatomy of classes. What I did that was new was to prove: (1)
that the existence of classes is only bound up with the particular, historical phases in the
development of production, (2) that the class struggle necessarily leads to the dictatorship of the
proletariat, (3) that this dictatorship itself only constitutes the transition to the abolition of all classes
and to a classless society", a communist state where law would hold no real place, similar to the
events of the Russian Revolution of 1917. In Marx's key work The Communist Manifesto, he drives
home his belief that the divide between these two classes

The Link Between the Industrial Revolution and Socialism...
The Industrial Revolution was period of rapid economic and social growth during the mid 18th and
early 19th centuries. The new found power of coal and iron made for many new innovations in
machinery. Not all of the Industrial Revolution's changes were physical. A new ideology arose from
the sweat of the working class: socialism. Socialism is a political theory advocating state or
collective ownership of property and industry opposed to private ownership. To fully understand the
relationship between the Industrial Revolution and socialism, one must first be comfortable with the
Revolution and its changes, socialism itself, and the fine line of events linking the two together. The
Revolution began in Britain and over the course of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once in complete control, it would abandon its dictatorship to form a higher state of democracy then
had been seen before. He thought then that the classes which separated people would surely fall as
the bourgeois withered away. He believed that people must liberate themselves. On the other hand,
Eduard Bernstein's revisionist socialism wanted the proletariat to rise to power through democratic
office and reforms. He believed that the change should be more of an evolution rather than a
revolution. The revisionist also did not want the proletariat to be in total control. The socialists,
believing everyone is equal, saw that the proletariat was being treated poorly and knew that would
have to change. The cruel working conditions and little civil rights made a gap that no single man
could cross without help. Many believed that socialism was the key. Socialism grew from the
problems of the Industrial Revolution. The relationship of the Revolution to socialism was that of a
problem to a solution, respectively. If not for the Industrial Revolution, the problems between the
classes would never have grown so apparent. Then again, without the Industrial Revolution the
world would be stuck in the past. While the Industrial Revolution shaped the modern world of
today, it also caused problems that, in theory, only

Trotsky 's Assessment Of The Continuity Between Stalinism...
Trotsky's assessment of the continuity between Stalinism and Leninism–Bolshevism is valid to a
certain extent. It is axiomatic that there is a multiplicity of factors that seem to correlate Stalinism to
Leninism, thus adding validity to Trotsky's assessment of the continuity. However the "straight–
line" theory of the continuity between the two ideological phenomena, implied by Trotsky,
undermines the divergence between them. Both phenomenons rose up in the Soviet Russia during
the times of civil unrest, but Stalinism can be seen as more of a "revolution from above" whilst the
Bolsheviks–Leninism can be seen as more of a "revolution from below".
The historical development of Stalinism can be traced and analyzed through its several stages. ...
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However, elements of discontinuity are also present as the revolution was perverted by the Stalinist
structure as the 'dictatorship of the proletariat" soon became the dictatorship of Stalin. Furthermore
Stalin's theory of "Socialism in One Country" betrayed that of the Marxist–Leninist theory of
propagating socialism to other countries.
In order to fully assess the validity of the statement, two fundamental factors must we must firstly
look at. Firstly the aspects of continuity that may have lead to the the statement.Secondly, factors
within the Stalinist regime that illustrate aspects of discontinuity from the Bolshevik regime. Lastly,
the reason for the characterization, on behalf of Trotsky to possibility to give validity to the Stalinist
regime, likening that to the popularized Leninist–Bolshevik regime.
Why does Trotsky legitimize the Stalinist regime as being linked to the Bolsheviks? Trotsky's
assessment of the of the Stalinist phenomenon certainly seems unexpected considering that any link
between the two systems would certainly seem to undermine Trotsky's creditably as the appropriate
successor of Lenin.
Trotsky was a renowned revolutionary who played a pivotal role during the Bolshevik
Revolutionary. He was born on November 7th, 1879 in Yanovka, Ukraine, to Jewish parents. In
many regards, Trotsky

Is Communism Possible?
The belief that, since the Occupy Movement brought attention to Communal Living, more and more
Americans are coming out as Socialists, or even as Communists; is true. The question for all of
them, however, is can it even be done in our country? Is American Communism possible? A simple
answer – on an immediate large scale – no. Pure and Simple, no large population has ever
successfully completed the Communist agenda; but can it be done period? Yes, Communism, at its
base, is a return to the way human beings lived before, Government by The People, not for them.
Communism is not an absolution of Government, at any rate; it is the mass socialization of the
Governance. The duty of the Proletariat Dictator is not to make decisions on a long term scale,
rather to involve as many diverse people as possible, strategically, in meaningful Governance of The
People; and then to absolve themselves of the Dictatorship. The large scale proletariat Government
that results would be capable of involving the majority of the population in self–governance.
The only means by which this can be successfully accomplished is on a small ... Show more content
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Rather, a successful Communist state would be absent in your ability to work; say you buy a boat,
you buy your own nets, and the Government has no say in you going out on the Water to fish;
however, you would be asked for a consistent percentage of the gross profit, or even possibly the
catch itself; if you are using the boat, and nets for monetary accumulation. No matter the size,
weight or profit brought by the catch, each man would pay the same amount. In Communism, this is
better known as Equivalent Exchange – you give yourself what you need, pay an amount to the
Government, and make your profit from the rest – the Government is responsible for making sure
the percentage given to them is re–distributed to the populous according to their individual

Jeremy Bentham And Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham was an English philosophy (1748–1632) who challenged the idea of the Social
Contract theory, which states that the people create a social contract to agree to form of government.
Bentham opposed the idea of natural rights and followed the idea of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is
the idea that political and moral decision should not be based on natural rights, but based on which
choice produces the "greatest good for the greatest number". For an example, this principle explains
whether a student should start a food fight or not. The food fight could cause injuries (i.e someone
slipping on food), property damage, and extra work for the people who must clean it up. Starting the
food fight may produce good for some people, but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The only way to fix this would be through a classless society. In this society, there would be no
churches, and no one would have to pay for their personal properties. Money would basically be
none existent, as people will contribute to the things they want. In the Communist Manifesto, Karl
Marx writes "Communism deprives no man of the power to appropriate the products of society: all
that it does is to deprive home of the power to subjugate the labor of others by means of such
appropriation" (Caste 265). Under this classless society "communism", everyone would be on equal
grounds with no more classes. Everyone would also be given the necessities they need to live, such
as a home. By doing this, Marx thought it would eliminate capitalism, which would eliminate the
greediness of people. Comparison As stated earlier, utilitarianism is the idea that political and moral
decisions should be not be based on the pursuit of natural rights (life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness), but based on the decision of which choice would produce the greatest good for the
greatest amount of people. In other words, one should not be selfish when it comes to making
decisions. That is what utilitarianism and Marx's classless society has in common. Marx's classless
society is also trying to eliminate the greediness of society, which is a form of selfishness. Both
philosophies are ultimately trying to better society in their own way, but both are trying to eliminate
the

A Very Breif Biography of Karl Marx
Karl Marx was born in Trier in Prussia in 1818, and he passed away in London in 1883. The overall
approach characterized in Marx's theoretical writings and his analysis of capitalism can be defined
as historical materialism, or the materialist perception of history. Actually, that view may well be
deemed the foundation of Marxism. Marx contested that the superstructure of society was
predicated precisely by the productive roots of society, so that the main system must always be seen
in relation to the roots. The roots are made up by the means of production, in which influences of
production (land, raw materials, capital, and labor) are combined, and in which relations among
individuals come forth, determined by their relationship to the means of production. As Marx said in
the preface to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy in 1859, "The sum total of these
relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation, on which
rises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social
consciousness. The mode of production of material life conditions the social, political, and
intellectual life process in general." Marx viewed this main system to consist of the family, the
culture, the state, philosophy, and religion.
In Marx's opinion, all the aspects of the main system benefitted the interests of the strongest class in
a society. He saw the class separation in any society beyond a primitive level

How Karl Mark Views Was Influenced By Views Of The...
In order to make a connection of how Karl Mark views, was in some way, influenced by certain
views of the Enlightenment. But, first, we need to understand what characteristics we can compare
of the two. The idea of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that took place around the late
17th and 18th centuries. This movement had placed emphasis on progress, social structure,
materialism, state and individualism. From class lectures and from the readings of the Communist
Manifesto, we can derive the idea that Marx was against social class. With Marx understanding the
dire need of reform within the social structure, he believed in a form of equality for all, stating that
not one person would be higher than the other.
He, along with other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was the idea that you are literally taking the lower class of people, the people who are non–land
owner, who have no wealth, and now could have a say in government affairs, in comparison to those
who do have the wealth and are landowners. This idea is now providing the lower class people the
power of decision–making, the power of influence. This idea of a democratic state was seen as
perhaps, the most radical of all thoughts of a state.
3.
If we can take Marx's and Engel's phrase of "dictatorship of the proletariat," it can be interpreted as
the state's power is in the control of the working people, not the higher classes. This idea was
directed towards having finally separated capitalism and communism. According to spunk, a
website I've found, it states that it is " the vehicle of abolishing the state" (spunk.org). The necessity
of having the phrase "dictatorship of the proletariat" was to create a progressive life for the workers,
an equality way of living and ruling. On the same website it states that the need to create this
proletariat–led state, was to "...suppress capitalist resistance, and develop the nationalized means of
production as rapidly as possible in order to overcome relative scarcity and shorten the workday,
this allowing all workers to participate in the affairs of society" (Spunk.org). 4.
The Marxist concept of "withering away of the state," is in reference to the idea of known social
institutions of the state that will

Write An Essay On The Gulag History
The Gulag was an enormous system of labor camps which was once dispersed over the Soviet
Union.The word "GULAG" means "Main Camp Administration", the institution which ran the
Soviet camps. In other words, it is specified as punishment camps or labor camps. The camps
operated from the 1930s until the 1950s. The first was formed in 1918. There were an estimated 14
million people who held in the Gulag labor camps from 1929 to 1953 with a total of around from
1934 to 1953. Most Gulag prisoners were not political prisoners. Petty crimes and jokes directed at
the Soviet government and officials were condemned by incarceration. Many of the prisoners in the
Gulag camps were incarcerated without a trial and were immediately sent to Gulags without
hesitation; The Gulag was diminished in size following Stalin's death in 1953, in a period known as
the 'Khrushchev Thaw.' Joseph Stalin was the "General Secretary of the Central Committee of the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union." The Gulag system was prefaced to separate and eliminate
people whose deeds and thoughts were not contributing to the dictatorships power of the proletariat.
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Unlike Concentration camps, the Gulag held their prisoners and freed them after a specified time
depending on why they were sent there. There numerous Gulag camps that covered the Soviet
Union much worse than others. There were three main types of Gulag camps. 1. Prisoners were able
to move within the camp zone, but could not leave the zone. If they were caught beyond the
'prisoner zone' they were automatically shot. That was the typical Gulag camp. The second type was
much stricter. It consisted of no windows locked barracks and restricted movement within the camp.
That was most probably the harshest one out of them

Marxist View Of What Law Is The Foundation Of Society And Law
1. Marxists argue that control of the means of production is the foundation of society and law is a
reflection of that dynamic. Do you agree? Discuss.
"Law is only a superstructure; in reality it only translates the interests of those who hold the reins of
command in any given society; it is an instrument in the service of those who exercise their
'dictatorship' in this society because they have the instruments of production within their control."
For Marx there were two distinct classes in society, the ruling class, the owners of the means of
production, the "Bourgeoisie" and the ruled class, the "Proletariat". The quote, with which I begin
this essay, clearly explains the Marxist view of what law is in a given society. For Marxists ... Show
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Those in power within the law–making bodies are quite clearly what Marx would consider
bourgeois: they are highly paid, highly educated individuals who have a means of controlling how
(and indeed what) laws are put in to place. Arguably it is unavoidable, to find ourselves in a
situation, in which, we have a select group in society in positions of power, who can implement and
change legislation. Most would argue that these people have been democratically elected, and
chosen by democratic means. Marxists believe that the bourgeoisie have the control of law–making
bodies and thus make laws which are favourable towards their social class whilst penalising the
proletariat. We can see this expressed in the Communist Manifesto
"Your very ideas are but the outgrowth of the conditions of your bourgeois production and
bourgeois property, just as your jurisprudence is but the will of your class made in to a law for all".
This statement highlights the Marxist belief that control of the means of creation of law, allows for
the creation of laws which could be seen as coercive and controlling. An example of these, unjust
laws, within our society which coincide with this Marxist view could be the under–occupancy
charge, more commonly known as the "bedroom tax." Under this legislation we see a reduction in
housing benefits for people who have

Proletariat In Russia Essay
The Proletariat in Russia A proletariat is a key figure in the philosophy of Karl Marx. A proletarian
is someone who does not own any means of production. Their only income comes from selling their
own workforce. In the Russian language "proletariat" is describing their working class. In the
middle of the 19th century, German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels saw the "ghost of
communism." They both believed the proletariat would change this revolution. A revolution is an
open measurement of strength between social forces in a struggle for power. Marx strongly believed
this could happen if only all proletarians would unite. Engels believed that any small businessman
who could not compete with the rich people will join the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
His ideas sounded very beneficial and sounded like they could be persuaded easily. They also were
thought to be unintelligent. The proletariat in Russia is represented well in this novel. Each animal
represents a member in the working and unskilled class but Boxer and Clover are the leaders. Boxer
is the metaphor for the Boxer rebellion in China. This occurred in the early 20th century. This was
the beginning of communism and its form of government. Boxer, Clover, and the other low society
animals have no way to compare Mr. Jones (Czar) government to Napoleon (Stalin) government.
They are treated the same in both because they are unskilled and unintelligent. But the animals were
persuaded into thinking there were getting treated right and fairly. This book did a very good job
representing this topic. It was easy to understand what Russia was really like during this time. But
Boxer got taken for granted. The importance of the proletariat is shown when Boxer gets sent away
on the glue truck to the slaughter house and the work productivity decreases. Animal Farm could not
have have represented the proletariat in Russia any better. It gave specific examples that grasped the
reality. It was a barnyard farm with with a government of powerful

Socialism
I think this has gotten way off track. Let's go back to square one for just a moment. You responded
to this video which was regarding anarchism and it went into details about tactics. Your criticism
was that what was offered was a bureaucratic state which offers nothing to the workers. That is a
strawman argument unless you can demonstrate when and where the finnishbolshevik advocates for
such a thing. Regardless of that though, it's kind of beside the point. The state is something that
arises naturally given our current material conditions in this stage of history, and that entails
bureacracy in some form or another whether or not you like it. I absolutely welcome people to
discuss how that should be managed in the future in order to ... Show more content on
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Clearly, you're contradicting and deviating from your original argument that no rights (social or
political) were had by the soviet people. If you believed your original argument was sufficient
enough you would have stuck to your guns and not changed your tune. And it is a fact that before
the USSR, Russia was a backward country in which most of its citizens couldn't even read. Within a
few decades it became a super power on par with the United States. That is quite a feat, and did all
of that while providing the things I mentioned. You did, and your original point should be tossed out
because it is an indefensible one. A piece of advice: In the future, it would demonstrate more
intellectual honesty not to use hyperbole to sell a narrative. That might make you look good to those
who already hang on your every word and follow your every lead, but it's not actually conducive to
good argumentative practices. "I think there is a difference between bureacratic tasks which are a
part of any complex organization and the monopoly of political power by a strata which performs
those tasks." Firstly, I don't know about you, but I consider a debate a cooperative process even in
the case that two people who are ideologically opposed, and in that spirit I think a certain degree of
transparency should be a given. I prefaced that the question I posed previously was a yes or no
question and to

Communism And Fascism Similarities
The difference between fascism and communism can be difficult to tell, other times it's simple to
tell. Fascism is a form of government in which the state has all the power. Fascism is an
authoritarian and nationalistic right–wing system of government and social organization.
Communism is a form of socialism, that abolishes private ownership of land. Communism is a
member of the left wing system of government and organization. While communism and fascism
may be slightly similar, they are different.
The idea of communism originated in a writing by Karl Marx, in which he explained communism as
a dictatorship of the proletariat. Although Marx, wrote of a perfect dictatorship of the proletariat,
this has sadly not been seen as possible. Throughout

1984 Marxist Analysis
ISP Rough Copy
A class struggle between two economic divisions is not just about the distinction and conflict but
also the ideology of dominance that the "have's" has set on the "have not's". The most general way
of understanding economic structure within a literary work is to apply the Marxist Literary Theory.
Marxism is based on the philosophy of Karl Marx, which follows the idea that life within an
economic system is the struggle between social classes. The literary criticism is based on the belief
that historical social and economic conditions determine literary works. Marxist literary theory
examines a text containing a power structure between two groups, the Proletariat and Bourgeoisie,
and its representation. An example of a Marxist ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To further explain, the Party entrenches the ideology to remain unquestioned by those capable of
recognizing oppression. According to the Party's slogan, "who controls the present controls the past"
(Orwell 37). Based on Marxist Literary belief, historical conditions determine human thought, as
mind is a product of it historical influences. The Party dominates their people because history is
rewritten in their favor. As a result, they will remain in power because their people's consciences
will automatically stay devoted under the party without questioning due to insufficient evidence to
prove otherwise. In addition, the Party is also able to prevent rebellion by instilling "doublethink"
into their people's mind. The technique convinces the brain to believe something to be true when it
is not, for example, "2 + 2 = 5". The party is successful in maintaining its power due to the practice
of "doublethink" in which the proletariats are incapable of questioning their position in life: "To a
Party member it means loyal willingness to say black is white when the Party discipline demand
this" (Orwell 221). Orwell's use of "doublethink" displays an extreme form of false consciousness.
Marxism describes false consciousness as the inability of the human mind to see things, especially
during an exploitation or oppression for they fail to

Lenin Followed Marxism, Stalin Did Not Essay
Marxism was defined by a man named Karl Marx and his associate Fredrich Engels. Basically,
Marxism is defined as a conflict theory, as Marx said that society is separated by a conflict between
the rich and the poor. Today, when one thinks about Marx's philosophy, he is often tied as an enemy
to Capitalism due to his ties to Communism. Although he did layout the foundry to Communism as
we know it, he never saw it to be how it is today. He saw it as a way for social egalitarianism;
Equality for the poor and rich (the Proletariat and Bourgeoisie); a classless society. He wanted to the
big businesses and factories not to be owned by one man or company as in capitalism, but to be
owned by everyone. A concept he called Collective ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lenin's side was known as the "Reds". The Reds won after a bloody war. The campaign became
known as the "Red Terror", due to the murders of thousands of Russian peasants, and the use of
thousands more of these peasants or members of the White army into concentration camps as
"enemies of the revolution." Lenin caused a terrible Famine in 1921 when his economic innovations
began to take place. By 1922, Lenin was the ruler Russia, He also eventually Russia into the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics or the USSR. He died on January 21, 1924 due to a series of strokes
that would eventually kill him. He was followed by a man known as Joseph Stalin; the bloodiest
man of WWII who would make Hitler look like a playground bully. Joseph Stalin born into a Osif
Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili. He was born into an abusive family, and later left to study at the Tiflis
Theological Seminary. He Later left to become a fellow Marxist revolutionist. He was exiled six
times into Siberia and six times which he escaped due his contributions in being a Bolshevik
revolutionist. He often led strikes and riots against local authorities. He became one of the
Bolshevik's key contributors, and rose to power by taking out who was above him. Lenin before he
died saw Stalin as a threat and proposed to remove him of power, a proposal which was denied.
Stalin along the way of becoming this brute, he changed him name to Stalin, or "Steel–one"
followed by the "lin" referring to

Essay A Comparison of Capitalism and Marxism
A Comparison of Capitalism and Marxism
This essay will compare the economic principles of capitalism and communism by giving brief
historical background on both and describing the two. I will begin with the father of economy,
Adam Smith, and finish with the theories of Karl Marx.
Adam Smith believed that if everyone behaves selfishly we are doing what is best for the economy
of our society. This is what is known as "enlightened selfishness." "Enlightened selfishness" is one
of the main elements of capitalism. Profit is the motive for production of goods and greed is a
virtue. You can own private property, but to maintain that private property you need capital to
invest. Investing in something is always a risk. The larger the risk, ... Show more content on
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The workers were, in general, unskilled and often repeated the same series of actions for 12 hours a
day. The owners were the people profiting the most from this system. Because the common worker
was so easy to come by and easy to underpay, the owners could have a higher profit. All of this and
child labor too. Children and women were under paid even more so than men. Urbanization forced
the creation of working class districts. These slums had no running water, diseases such as small pox
and typhus were commonplace, people were clustered around the factories creating crowded flats
and mortality rates were incredibly high. Marx and others saw capitalism as going hand–in–hand
with these horrors.
Communism is considered a reaction to the "evils of capitalism." Another way of saying
communism is "dialectical materialism." Karl Marx borrowed many ideas from the ideas of Gregor
Hagel. Karl Marx was a German professor and theoretician, he published 2 famous works The
Communist Manifesto (1848) and Das Kapital (1866). Before he could finish Das Kapital he died,
Friedrich Engels finished the book. Frederik Angles was a collaborator of Marx's and co–author of
the book. Marx saw the exploitation of the common worker and predicted a revolution that would
see the rise of the proletariat against the capitalistic suppressors. Proletariat is a term used by Marx
to describe the working class. He also

Marx 's Manifesto Of The Communist Party Essay
Karl Marx, lived between 1818 and 1883, was a humanist, materialist, and a philosopher, not an
economist, contrary to popular belief. "[...] a man engaged in endless internecine political and
philosophical warfare" (Menand, 2016, pg. 2). He is the author to the popular text, "Manifesto of the
Communist Party" (1848), where Marx defined communism, discussed how industrial capitalism is
evil, alienation versus objectification, liberation from alienation, types of class struggles in society,
dialectical materialism, and socialism. Marx have always been harshly criticized for his advocacy of
communism, but often times, it's only because people fail to understand Marx's communism
(Marxism). The communism that modern days' people came to know of are through the political
system of Russia, China, North Korea, Vietnam, among other communist countries, where it's
controlled through absolute dictatorship and human's freedom is reduced; the rise of state capitalism
and crude communism. In this essay, I will define communism based Marx's definition in his text,
"Manifesto of the Communist Party", and explore why and how communism has been distorted for
political purposes.
Communism was based on the premise of the working class. Marx referred to them as the
Proletariat. For clarification, one's wealth and income aren't to be mistaken as class identity; Marx
declared that the relationship of ownership (master versus slavery) is what define the class one
belongs to. Hence, throughout the

Mussolini Cause Ww2
The laws of cause and effect govern our lives, the consequences of the actions we take can have
sizable impacts on the world. Keynote speaker Stephan Covey once said that "While we are free to
choose our actions, we are not free to choose the consequences of those actions." Why did
Mussolini choose to make the choices he did? The consequences that occurred from the actions
taken by Mussolini were one of the biggest causes of World War Two. Mussolini's rise to power
through the creation of fascism against democracy, opposition against Marxism for dictatorship, and
utilizing extreme nationalism had major consequences to ultimately cause World War Two.
Mussolini's Rise to power was the most important cause to WW2 because he forged the paramilitary
Fascism is a government system led by an all–powerful dictator who emphasized racist and
nationalist views. Some effects of Italy after the war caused numerous problems including
negatively affecting the economy, riots, and unemployment (evidence). As fascism against
democracy rose partially through nationalistic views, the people of Italy looked at fascist leaders
like Mussolini to fix the many problems. Mussolini used the Black Shirts, his gangs of thugs, to
promote the fascist views of anti–anarchy, while ironically causing chaos and suggesting that he was
the ultimate champion of order and law (evidence). Although German and Italian Fascism
contrasted in some ways the fascism of Italy allowed for Germany's "final solution" to start being
implemented in Germany, which was a cause of WW2. Fascism in Italy caused the alignment of
Germany and Italy, causing

Marxist Revolutions And Early 20th Century Essay
Introduction to the Parameters of Analysis Because are so many different kinds of revolutions with
their own theoretical frameworks, I will analyze the merits of Marxism as it unfolds in the various
authors. Because the writers speak of a particular time and place, all examinations will limit itself to
the Europe in the lifetimes of the authors, drawing from V for Vendetta and modernity mostly as
counterexamples. Therefore, this paper will focus on Marxist revolutions in mid–19th century to
early 20th century Europe. With regards to the definitions of success and failure, there is a
difference between what political leaders would see as successful and what philosophers and
theorists would see as successful but so far as theorists laid the foundation of revolution from which
political leaders justify their revolution, then the standards of success and failure depend on the
extent to which the new revolutionary society carries the final stage of the revolution set out by
philosophers, which in our case are the Marxists. From here we must evaluate the multiple stages of
change for a true revolution to occur and how they affect 4 levels of society: the revolutionist, the
masses, the old elite, and the state. Without the revolutionist, however, there is no revolution
therefore all analysis must begin there. From understanding the revolutionists we can begin to
analyze the long term objective of their revolution and the mechanism by which they achieve that
goal. The other 3

Marx 's Theory On Class Conflict And Society Essay
Since the french and industrial revolution in 18 century, the world had come to a new era: capitalist
society. Capitalism represents a big step forward in human productive abilities compared with
previous forms of society. Along with the social development, there was a new group of people who
was called the sociologist who analyze and try to understand how this society works. Marx was one
of them and his ideas were influential. His theory mostly emphasis on class conflict and the society
from economic aspects. This essay will first analyze Marx's theory in detail. Then I will explain how
economy and social conflict related to Marx's theory along with the role of these factors in the
capitalist society.
Marx defined social class as the class which sets the scene and moves things forward. He sometimes
talked about there are only two classes: Bourgeoisie and proletariat, the class–in–itself and the
class–for–itself, sometimes talked about there are many numbers of classes such as capitalist,
working class and landowner. "There is no simple unambiguous, and universally accepted body of
Marxist doctrine." As Bob Jessop said, the thoughts of Marx in his life time were various and far–
ranging. In general, Marx refers bourgeoisies as capitalists and they are major class in that period
leading into industrialization. And he thinks the petty bourgeoisie as middle classes who cannot see
themselves as part of class, only as individual. The last one, the proletariat, was described by

Roy Medvedev Analysis
With the destruction of the Tsarist regime, Russia stood at a crossroads no state had ever been at.
For the first time ever, a Socialist nation advocating Communism had managed to create a
functioning state. The works of Marx and Engels, pushed forth as the cure for the oppression of the
proletariat, had fallen successfully on the ears of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, who, with his theory of the
Vanguard party, pushed the Russian Empire into the Soviet era. Leninism became the central tenant
of the Soviet system, being advocated and admired by every successive Soviet leader, and by many
in modern Russia to this day. The modernity of the issue leads many in modern Russia to justify
certain actions, harkening back to Lenin himself, still displayed in ... Show more content on
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The virtues of one are inherently found in the other, the downfalls of one, inherently found in the
other as well. Lenin's own realization of this near the end of his life, his insistence on trying to
prevent any one man from taking power in the USSR, proves that while attempting to prevent
Stalinism, Lenin's own foundational government set the path for it. Leninism was naturally led to
Stalinism, and that must be addressed lest it be used to justify, misleadingly, the same once

Communism In The United States: Summary
In the United States, people tend to believe that communism is always dystopian, and fear it.
Although communism can be dystopian, it is not always, because the main ideology of communism
is that every person is equal. The word "communism" is "derived from the Latin communis,
meaning 'shared' or 'common'" (Dagger, Ball). The meaning of the word itself shows that the idea of
communism is not always malicious. The ideology of communism was originally created by Karl
Marx and Friedrich Engels, in 1848. The reason the book was written was because the authors
believed that the working class should control the government. They believed that in a truly
communist society, there would be no "class divisions" (Dagger, Ball). Since communism involves
According to Marx and Engels, the bourgeoisie are always oppressive, and the proletariat are always
oppressed by the bourgeoisie. The labor theory of value presumes that all of the value in a product
comes from the labor it took to create it. This would suggest that since the proletariat are the
working class that creates products,they should be the upper class, instead of the bourgeoisie. The
theory of the nature of state assumes that all forms of government are tools of the bourgeoisie to
help oppress the proletariat, which is why, in theory, communism does not have any official
government. They also believe that religion is the opiate of the masses, and this suggests that the
bourgeoisie created religion to suppress proletarian uprisings. The last theory, the communist
dictatorship of the proletariat, says that since government is a tool of the bourgeoisie, it must be
overthrown in a violent and bloody revolution, and replaced with a totalitarian dictatorship that will
set up economic collectivism (Milligan). Economic collectivism is when all people do their jobs,
and get paid the same amount for

Vladimir Lenin's Conception Of The Vanguard Party
Vladimir Lenin's conception of the Vanguard [Communist] Party developed from his commitment to
bring about a revolution of Communist ideals. Lenin thought that this Communist Party is the
"organ of revolutionary consciousness" to keep the revolution in the eyes of the proletariat (COFI
1993). The Vanguard Party helps the proletariat carry out its goals of revolution by promoting class
consciousness. According to Lenin, the concept of the Vanguard Party was quite simple. At the
forefront of the Russian Revolution of October 1917, there was a need to establish political
consciousness of the proletariat as a whole. The proletariat needed to understand its objectivity in
economic society and the Vanguard Party was going to help achieve that goal. Because the party
was a grassroots type organization, the proletariat would develop consciousness through a collective
struggle of the masses. This collective struggle would later transform to be the basis of the party.
This collective struggle was also necessary since the proletariats class consciousness and
revolutionary outlook aren't even distributed among the proletariat. Further, political consciousness
would develop through a dialectical method of thought and action/transformation. This dialectical
method would compel the proletariat to become conscious of the injustices they face and form a
revolutionary party to carry out their ideals. The Vanguard Party will help transform this
consciousness to revolutionary communism through

The Russian Revolution Of 1917
The Russian Revolution of 1917 swept the country into an entirely new epoch, changing a
monarch–led country into the Soviet Union and spreading the red of communism in waves through
generations. A powerful team of Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky organized the Bolsheviks, or Red
Army, in political and military strategy against the Menshevik White Army. Part of their success
came from the lack of unification of the Mensheviks. While the White Army banded together under
a simply 'anti–Bolshevik' policy, the Red Army was spurred on by one philosophy: communism.
However, only the broader–picture ideals of the Communist Manifesto directly influenced the
Bolsheviks. Instead they modified Marx's teachings, because Lenin believed Marx's plans were
created specifically for Germany, and because Russia had not achieved the high level of
industrialization needed for a full proletariat revolution. As a result, the literal teachings of the
Communist Manifesto were lost in the whirl of Lenin's socialist dictatorship and Bolshevik
propaganda, but in the end, Russia was still moving towards communist goals. From early on, Lenin
was well acquainted with Marx and Engels' works and referenced them often in his writing. His
wife Nadezhda wrote, 'In his first big work, published illegally by him in 1894, "Who are the
Friends of the People?" there are quotations from the "Communist Manifesto," the "Critique of
Political Economy," the "Poverty of Philosophy," "German Ideology," "The Letter of Marx

Marxism Midterm Essay : State And Revolution
Marxism Midterm Essay: State and Revolution Sarah Elberling University of Denver State and
Revolution The early 20th century socialist revolutionary theorists Vladimir Lenin, Rosa
Luxembourg and Leon Trotsky believed that the withering away of the state and the removal of the
capitalist mode of production was a necessary outcome if the individual was to ever realize their
true nature as being free, equal and self–determining. This, however, could only be achieved
through the development of the proletariat's class consciousness and their defeat over the
bourgeoisie. It is in this manner where both socialist revolutionary theory and practice share a
dialectical relationship. However untied in their revolutionary visions of this international process,
these theorists differ in what the role and functions of the revolutionary party should be in the
historical development of the new socialist state. For Lenin and Trotsky, they envisage the
revolutionary vanguard party as being separate from the proletariat class. Their reasoning being that
the working class themselves would remain limited by their own trade's union consciousness and
therefore, would need the assistance of the Central Committee to lead them in the methods to
achieve the socialist revolution. For Luxembourg, however, the vanguard party would need to be
rooted and systematically connected to the proletariat class itself in order for the revolution's
spontaneity and organizational dialectic

Marx's Ideal Society
One of the greatest debates of all time has been regarding the issue of the freedom of mankind. The
one determining factor, for Marx, it that freedom is linked with class conflict. As a historian, Karl
Marx traced the history of mankind by the ways in which the economy operated and the role of
classes within the economy. For Marx, the biggest question that needed to be answered was "Who
owns freedom?" With this in mind, Marx gives us a solution to both the issues of freedom and class
conflict in his critique of capitalism and theory of communism, which is the ideal society for Marx.
His theory of communism is based on the "ultimate end of human history" because there will be
freedom for all humankind. Marx saw communism as the ideal ... Show more content on
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This false consciousness was necessary to keep the proletariat's minds from ideas of rebellion. He
questioned what would happen if it stopped working. Would the liberals turn to the real drug to
continue the myths of the bourgeoisie?
It is interesting to note that Marx also saw the benefits of capitalism. He claims that capitalism is not
evil, just outdated. He agreed that it was a very efficient means of production. However, he asserts
that capitalism leads to social dislocation, when workers are forced to find work elsewhere, and
human suffering, the alienation of workers. The end result from this will be the collapse of
capitalism. History is constantly changing and that a new class war was inevitable, one between the
proletariat and the bourgeoisie.
Alienation of the workers, for Marx, was seen as imposed on "a class that has to bear all the burdens
of society without enjoying its advantages". This alienation forces that class "into the most decided
antagonism to all other classes". Furthermore, it is the capitalists system that necessitates such
alienation. In a capitalist society, over the long term, fewer and fewer people will own the means of
production and the proletariat will be ever increasing. This happens because of the bourgeoisie's
need to protect and maximize profits. Although Marx believed that human identity and
consciousness should be attained from the work one

Essay on China
China
The history of China is embeded with revolution and tension dating back to the feudal periods and
the " first unified Chinese empire under Qi Shi Huang
Di in 221 B.C. " The Confucianism ideology entrenched in the minds of the
Chinese people with its conservative base and the need to achieve harmony in society has yet to be
reached and most likely, never will. The proletariat is at the heart of the Marxist–Maoist approach to
politics and the basic way of life for the Chinese masses considering that "...roughly 85% of the
population is based in peasantry..." While Marxism, as implemented by the Chinese
Communist Party (CCP) and Nationalism have historically hindered the people of
China; a growing need to conform to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Chinese Communist Party was by no means a military power and it was unable to sustain itself
and flourish in the Nationalist–controlled cities. The
Kuomintang, a nationalist party was set out to unify China under one central government. The KMT
had in its possession adequate means to quash the idealistic CCP and did so on a number of
occasions. Some of which led to rebellions such as the Long March led by Mao Tse–tung.
China, over history has experienced phases of both Nationalism and
Sinocentrism, both of which can be damaging to a developing country attempting to compete
economically in the global market. These ideas can relate back to the ancient religion of
confucianism. " Confucianism has been instramental in the shaping of China's leadership. Not only
does it emphasize a rigid hierarchy kept in place by virtuous behavior. But it also holds that strict
adherence to proper behavior actually leads to correct thinking. " Accompanying Nationalism and
Sinocentrism was rebellion and unrest. Twenty–four historic dynasties followed a common pattern
of development. At the beginning of a new dynasty, a period of national unity under virtuous and
benevolent rule flourished and usually was accompanied by intellectual excitement. A

Class And Class Struggle Essay
The concept of class and class struggle have existed ever since there have been the presence and
prevalence of the modes of production and commoditization. Individuals in the society are placed to
various levels of hierarchy, on the chronological order following the pattern of those who possess
the most commodities at the top most tiers followed by those who do not in the lower tiers.
Karl Marx brings to our understanding that he is not to be held responsible for or given merit for
discovering the existing classes in the modern society. He also asserts that he is not to be provided
any merit of identifying and highlighting the constant mutual struggle between theses classes in the
society. He rather gives emphasis to his contributions in proving that classes and its existence is
connected only to certain historical phases of development of production. He is also to be given
stature for highlighting the fact that "The Class Struggle leads necessarily to the dictatorship of the
proletariat and that the dictatorship itself is only a transitional stage leading to the abolition of
classes and to a classless society..." Marx hence regards classes and class struggles as a stage in the
historical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Marxism and its explanation do not limit itself to just monetary and economic factors. It also takes
into account the subjective and ideological aspects which play a vital role in the formation of social
consciousness. The empirical facet of Marxist theory of classes is the result of the fact that it is
capable of discovering the most important characteristic which underlies the most complex variety
of social relations, all the objective and subjective factors which causes the division of society into
classes, strata and

How Far Do You Agree That the Brutality of the Bolsheviks...
How far do you agree that the brutality of the Bolsheviks was the main reason why they remained in
power in the years 1917–24?
This essay shall address the issue of how the far the brutality of Bolshevik Regime ensured the
maintaining of it's power between the years of 1917–24. This essay shall explore topics concerning
the 'Dictatorship Of The Proletariat', The Cheka, War Communism, The Red Terror and other
potential reasons for the Bolsheviks remaining in power. This essay shall also explore the various
views put forth by various Historians such as Robert Conquest and Richard Pipes.
The Dictatorship of the Proletariat was an idea advocated by Lenin throughout the course of the
initial years of the Bolshevik Regime. The idea stemmed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The Russian Civil War (1917–1923) saw millions of deaths and millions further starved. The
Bolsheviks saw the importance of maintaining their power in the cities in order to maintain power
over the country itself. To keep the people happy thus, they realised they needed to keep the people
fed. This led top the eventual inception of War Communism. An economic/agricultural policy
incorporated by War Communism was known as Prodrazvyorstka – requisition of agricultural
surpluses from peasants in excess of absolute minimum for centralized distribution among the
remaining population. This meant that the Bolsheviks could seize whatever food they needed from
the countryside towns and villages and distribute it amongst the urban population in cities such as
Petrograd and Moscow.
The peasants in the countryside did not, however, always co–operate with the Bolshevik authorities
when it came to handing over their grain. In 1921, the sailors at Kronstadt revolted in direct
response to slipping living standards and the starvation of people across the country. Soon after the
Bolsheviks led an army 10,000 strong to crush the rebellion, one the revolutionaries were defeated
around 1,200 to 2,168 were executed in the days following the revolt.
The coupling of the starvation brought about by War Communism and the crushing of revolts
following War Commusism showed the Bolshevik Regime to

Transition Of Capitalism: The Communist Manifesto By Karl...
Summary of reading: Karl Marx, the father of Marxism, often misunderstood dreamt more of a
utopian society than draconian. Marx envisioned the world where people worked not for self–
fulfillment but the welfare of all. Additionally, Marx's abhorrence for capitalism laid the foundation
for revolutionary ideas and tactics. His exile to England led to the creation of the International
Working Men's Association, conversely, the first international worker's organization. In Marx's book
"The Communist Manifesto" he notes three parts: the flaws and injustices of capitalism, second his
Communist vision for society; and lastly, his viewpoint on the misleading doctrines of competing
for socialist ideologies. Comparatively, Marx like Adam Smith, the founder of capitalism, believed
that society is governed by certain unchangeable laws and must be rationally examined to predict
the future. This belief led to many people identifying Marxism with "scientific socialism." Although
Karl Marx died at a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, Karl Marx believes the state can be nothing more than the dictatorship of the
proletariat, or the wage–earners; for this to take place the proletariat must overthrow the bourgeoisie
or the class who owns most of the country's wealth and means of production. In essence, Karl Marx,
believed that there is a chronological order of the development of society from capitalism, which is
developing into communism is impossible without a transition period; the state can only be the
revolutionary dictatorship of the working class. After which, the people are no longer wage slaves
and no more classes, then will the state cease to exist and freedom truly comes forth. Nevertheless,
Karl Marx believes a capitalistic society conveys a false democracy, a democracy only for the rich;
that communism is only capable of providing a full democracy, a democracy for

What Is The Satire In Animal Farm
During the totalitarian reign of Joseph Stalin, he was responsible for the deaths of some fifteen to
twenty million people (Naimark 11–12). The allegorization of these atrocities and other incidents
can be seen in the novella Animal Farm, a political satire written by the novelist George Orwell. The
story covers the intentional, erroneous interpretation of the socialist ideals that allowed for the
deposition of the last Russian Czar. With the pig Napoleon portraying the tyrant Joseph Stalin, it is
demonstrated how corruption can occur when influence is superadded by authority. However, the
aspirations of a single man weren't the only things responsible for the effective genocide of a mass
of people. The citizenry played a role in the toleration of a dictatorial regime, either through being
apolitical or ignorant to what was happening around them. In Animal Farm, George Orwell cleverly
writes a host of creatures that symbolize the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Not unlike others in real life, Benjamin understood the situation with the pigs. However, he
predicted that life would continue on as the same (Orwell 12, 20). Therefore, he decided to not
encourage the rise of the pigs, but he did not impede their progress either. Hence, as a passive
member of the populace, he contributed to the rise of the totalitarian regime.
George Orwell brilliantly demonstrates how aspiring dictators aren't the only problem in the rise of
autocracies. The populace plays a large role in the process, and their inaction or ignorance
contributes, regardless of ill–intent. Orwell was able to successfully send this message through the
implementation of three key characters. In Animal Farm, George Orwell cleverly writes a host of
creatures that symbolize the submissive nature and passiveness of a populace that allows for the
continuation of a

Communism And Its Impact On Society And The Production Of...
Communism, the idea I will be looking at the theory of communism, which describes an end to
bourgeoisie (private) property, according to Marx. I will argue that it is not a defensible utopia. I
accept that we may not have had a true communist nation, but this highlights the unrealistic nature
of communist, rather than its inevitability as Marx believed. Similarly I will argue the nature of
communism as described by Marx necessarily leads to centralised planning, as market relations are
abolished, which can have disastrous effects on society and the production of good and services.
Marxist Communism and utopian socialism The term communism is one fraught with many ideas
and beliefs. For some, it stands as a humane alternative to the capitalist society in which we live,
and to others it is associated with misery and tyrannical governments. Malia (1994) argues that
when socialism, sometimes considered a precursor to communism or an interchangeable term with
communism, does gain power and inevitably fails, it is often denounced by other communists as the
deterioration into state socialism or, even more confusingly, "state capitalism". This makes it
difficult to evaluate the ill effects of nations that are inspired by socialist or communist ideas when
analysing the notion of the communist utopia. Marx' works represent what is coined as scientific
socialism, one that is distinct from the French utopian socialists that influenced much of his work
(Yassour 1983; Hoover

Rosa Luxemburg
Rosa Luxemburg
Before one can even attempt to discuss the Marxists of the World, one must examine and define the
meaning of the term itself. What is the definition of Marxism? How did it come about? How did it
change through the years?
" Marxism is the system established by Marx and Engles. The foundation of Marxism is based on
Dialectical Materialism––––a way of understanding reality; whether thoughts emotions, or the
material world. Through this Marx and Engles examined history, which led them to explain class
struggle and the basis of social relations throughout economics"
Marx's Communist Manifesto was the first systematic statement of modern socialist doctrine. Marx
contributed the central propositions of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For Marx, then, the limits of capitalism are given by the social production relations as value
relations, while for Rosa Luxemburg capitalism cannot exist at all, except through the absorption of
its surplus–value by pro–capitalist economies. " Rosa Luxemburg's theory was quite generally
regarded as an aberration and an unjustified criticism of Marx". Yet her critics were just as far
removed from Marx's position as was Rosa Luxemburg herself. Most of theme critics adhered either
to a crude under consumption theory, a theory of disproportionality, or a combination of them.
Lenin, for example, "saw the cause for crises in the disproportionalities due to the anarchic character
of capitalist production, and merely added to Tagan–Baranowsky's arguments that of the under
consumption of the workers".
She met with many Russian Social Democrats (at a time before the R.S.D.L.P. split); among them
the leading members of the party: Gregory Plekhanov and Pavel Axelrod. It was not long before
Luxemburg voiced sharp theoretical differences with the Russian party, primarily over the issue of
Polish self–determination. Luxemburg believed that self–determination weakened the international
Socialist movement, and helped only the bourgeoisie to strengthen their rule over newly
independent nations. Luxemburg split with both the Russian and Polish Socialist Party over this
issue, who believed in the rights of Russian national

The Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto in 1848 amidst a wave of revolutions that were
changing the political course of Europe. The Manifesto is one of the most influential political
writings throughout the world. The Communist Manifesto put forward a unique view on the
relevance and significance of history which relied more heavily on economical distinctions than
revolutionary progress. It also proposed a process, by which the working proletariat class would
overthrow the ruling bourgeoisie class and create a classless society in which private property would
be abolished. However, if looked at closely the Manifesto contains some contradictions and
oversimplifications that allow communism to be suspect to misinterpretation and manipulation ...
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In the overthrow of the bourgeoisie the communists' goal is to create a classless society in which
private property will be abolished in favor of a state controlled common labor system. While this
ideally would be a solution to the immoralities of bourgeois society, it places a great deal of trust in
the hands of the few, who in theory could be just as immoral and exploitative as the old bourgeois
society. However, in capitalism, Marx argues, the worker only labors for the advancement of the
bourgeoisie, but in a communist society his work serves only to better the society as a whole, and
therefore his own life as well. The bourgeoisie will object to the abolishment of things such as
religion, laws, political science, and morality, that have all stood up to the test of time, saying that
these are eternal truths that are common to all history. However Marx replies that "the Communist
revolution is the most radical rupture with traditional property relations; no wonder that its
development involves the most radical rupture with traditional ideals" (52) This chapter also lays
out ten key principles to the communist ideology. These include the abolition of private property
and inheritance, a large income tax, centralization of the economy and transportation in the hands of
the state, the establishment of a common labor system, and free public education for

Dialectical Change

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