Ruth Bader Ginsburg Essay

Ruth Bader Ginsburg Essay
Today there are now a total of eight Supreme Court Justices in the United States Government. The
oldest of the group being 83 and the youngest being 56. The members of this court are Ruth Bader
Ginsburg, Anthony McLeod Kennedy, Stephen Gerald Breyer, Clarence Thomas, Samuel Anthony
Alito, Sonia Maria Sotomayor, John Glover Roberts Jr., and Elena Kagan. Each of these Associate
Justices have different backgrounds and history, so here's the background information on these
important figures. Starting off with a Justice in the Liberal Court, Democratic Ruth Bader Ginsburg
(Ruth Joan Bader before marriage) was born March 15th, 1933 in Brooklyn, New York. Ruth
Ginsburg grew up in a low–income working class neighborhood. Ruth Ginsburg's ... Show more
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Elena Kagan was first nominated by President Obama as the Solicitor General of the United States;
a year later the President nominated her as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court on May 10,
2010 and she took her seat on August 7, 2010. Kagan was born in New York, New York, on April
28, 1960. During her education she received an A.B. from Princeton in 1981, an M. Phil. from
Oxford in 1983, and a J.D. from Harvard Law School in 1986. In the beginning she had clerked for
Judge Abner Mikva of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit from 1986–1987 and then for
Justice Thurgood Marshall of the U.S. Supreme Court during the 1987 Term. Later after briefly
practicing law at a Washington, D.C. law firm, she became a law professor. She first started off as a
law professor at the University of Chicago Law School and later on at Harvard Law School. Kagan
also served for four years in the Clinton Administration as Associate Counsel to the President and
then as Deputy Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy. Between 2003 and 2009 she had
served at Harvard Law School as the
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Ruth Bader Ginsburg Thesis
Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Paving the Way for Women in America
Many Americans have preconceived ideas about women's role in society. It has been a stereotype for
many years that women are meant to stay at home or quit work when they have children, and there
is hope for equality in the future as these assumptions shrink in popularity. Supreme Court Justice
Ruth Bader Ginsburg has challenged these expectations by being the second female Supreme Court
Justice, defying statistics at the time. Many people credit her with changing people's perception of
women. She is best known for her work on equality issues, speaking out on discriminatory laws, and
the challenges she faced to get to the Supreme Court. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg has positively
impacted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rather, she is speaking on issues that many would agree are not tied to a certain political conviction,
such as sexism and discrimination against both men and women. For example, as depicted on NPR's
All Things Considered, she defended men trying to get into the female–dominated nursing
profession. The male nurses in question felt they should be able to apply to a nursing school that, at
the time, only offered admission to female students. She said that it would be a substantial way to
raise wages for all nurses to introduce more men to nursing ("How Women Changed The High
Court ... And Didn't"). In this case, she was defending an opinion that many people would consider
common sense, rather than being either liberal or conservative. This is just one example of Justice
Ginsburg defending a right of people that most people would consider fairly basic. After analyzing
topics debated or discussed openly by Justice Ginsburg, readers could conclude that many issues she
is speaking out on are mostly common sense–based

The Influence Of Abortion
Wendy Davis served on the Fort Worth city council and represented district 10 in the Texas senate
from 2009 to 2015. She is a democrat in a historically republican state with strong views on
abortion, gun laws, and the death penalty. She is also a woman in an occupation highly dominated
by men. Recently, abortion has been a highly controversial topic, fueling heated debates in Congress
and among state officials. In 2013, Wendy Davis took a stand on abortion and held a successful, 13–
hour filibuster to delay the passing of an abortion bill. This brought national attention to her legacy
and to Texas' efforts in abortion prevention.
This bill, (the House Bill 2) includes amendments that would legislate some of the most confining
abortion regulations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Abbott received almost 60 percent of the vote while Davis reported 38.9 percent, around a 20–point
margin. Davis trailed largely with white voters and women, but beat Abbott among Latinos and
African Americans (Texas). This was not necessarily a surprise to most people though.
Davis said that the obstacles she had to overcome, involving those revolved around her personal life,
family, and parenting, were much larger and varied greatly compared to those that she would've
faced if she were a male candidate.
Even with the loss, Wendy Davis has not stopped advocating for women. She has been reported to
be working to launch a women's equality initiative. She also has been working with abortion clinics
and Pro–Choice organizations to make strides towards giving women the choice of what to do with
their body. She hopes to return to office but in the meantime will not stop working to protect and
enhance women's rights. Davis is a courageous leader and a wonderful role model for young girls to
stand up for what they believe in and to never give

Gonzales V. Jr.
GONZALES v. CARHART, CHRISTINA GOTTFRIED, February 19, 2015, ISSUE #4
FACTS: in 1973 with the passing of Roe v. Wade, women were guaranteed, under a right to privacy
in which the woman has the right to choose whether or not to get an abortion, however, this right
was not confirmed to be absolute. Nearly 20 years later, in the case of Planned Parenthood v. Casey,
the "central holdings" of Roe v. Wade were reaffirmed, by providing limits in which federal and
state governments can regulate abortion. Unfortunately, conflict arose between Casey and Roe,
when trying to ensure the woman still has a right to choose, which lead to allowing a prohibition of
late–term abortions, unless the health of the mother was at stake. Next, in 2000, the case of Stenberg
v. Carhart forced the court to consider a Nebraska state law that was passed banning late–term
abortions and whether the statute was unconstitutional, which it was found to be, because the statute
did not include an exception for the health of the mother and that the language used was so broad
that it burdened a woman's right to choose. Then, in 2007, the case of Gonzales v. Carhart raised the
issue once again on a federal law that had been passed, the Partial–Birth Ban Act of 2003. The lower
courts claimed it to be unconstitutional because of the lack of exception for the health of the mother.
This Act however, was found to be constitutional and The Supreme Court decided to look once
again at the precedent, under stare decisis

Ruth Bader Ginsburg Research Paper
Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born on March 15, 1933 in Brooklyn, New York City. Her father Nathan
was a furrier, and Celia, her mother, had a strong passion for reading books. Ruth had an older sister,
Marilyn that died of meningitis at age 8, when Ruth was 14 months old. She attended James
Madison High School, where she was a cheerleader, and played the cello. After graduating from
High School, she finished in the top of her class in grammar, and later on, she went to Cornell
University, earning her bachelor's in government. In 1954 she married Martin, now a professor of
tax law in which they had the first child, Jane, and went together to Harvard Law School. At
Harvard Ruth learned to balance her life as a mother and as a law student. In her class there were
only 8 females of 500 people, everybody else were male, it was a hostile environment male–
dominated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She hardly slept 3 or 4 hours, and did it for almost 1 year, so that her husband could graduate from
Harvard. When Martin Recovered, he graduated from law school, and accepted a position at a New
York Law Firm. To join her husband in N.Y. Ginsburg transferred to Columbia Law School and
graduated first in her class as a lawyer in 1959. And something else arises.
Despite her having good academic record, she continued to see her gender discrimination while
seeking for employment after graduation, and this is when the rights for women changed for the
greater good because Ruth believed that the law was blind about the gender rights and men and
women were entitled to equal rights, so she had a tool at the palm of her hand, and that tool was the
studies taken at Harvard where she graduated as a lawyer, and that made her powerful enough to
solve the conflicts

Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Women's equality has made huge advancements in the United States in the past decade. One of the
most influential persons to the movement has been a woman named Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Ruth
faced gender discrimination many times throughout her career and worked hard to ensure that
discrimination based on a person's gender would be eliminated for future generations. Ginsburg not
only worked to fight for women's equality but fought for the rights of men, as well, in order to show
that equality was a human right's issue and not just a problem that women faced. Though she faced
hardships and discrimination, Ruth never stopped working and thanks to her equality is a much
closer reality than it was fifty years ago. When Ruth first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Instead of congratulating the women though he questioned them why they were studying law and
what their intentions were. He let them know that they were taking the place of other men who had
also applied for admission. Ruth was not there to play games however and she soon made the
Harvard Law Review while maintaining excellent grades.
During Ruth's second year of law school, Martin was diagnosed with cancer and he underwent
surgery and weeks of radiation. Throughout this time, Ruth kept him up to date on all of his work by
arranging note takers for all of his classes as well as typing his papers while he dictated them to her
(Kay, 2004). She did all of this while still maintaining her grades and her studies. Ruth felt she had
no other alternative than to make sure she was top in her class in order to attain a suitable job. After
losing her mother at a young age, she feared that her husband would also die of cancer and she
would become the sole provider of their daughter (Ward, 2010). By the time Martin was healthy
enough to work again and was fully in remission, Ruth had fallen in love with her work and would
not give it up.
In 1958, Martin graduated with his class and accepted a job in a law firm in New York City with the
firm of Weil, Gotshal & Manges. In order to stay with her family, Ruth transferred to Columbia Law
School to complete her final year of schooling. During her last year, Ruth

Rhetorical Analysis Of Pope Francis
I will be analyzing the speech of Pope Francis to a Joint Session of Congress from September of
2015 in Washington, D.C. for my final rhetorical analysis. This speech is important because it
addresses societal issues in the United States and the whole world such as poverty, religion, war, the
environment, immigration, and gun laws. The pope not only addresses the issues, but also
acknowledges many of the marvelous features of America. In this paper, I will provide a summary
of research I found on the context of the speech, the speaker, the audience, and the effects the speech
had on society. Pope Francis is the present day spiritual leader of the Catholic Church, also known
as the bishop of Rome or pontiff. He is the very first pope from Latin American, Argentina
specifically, and is now known as the first pope ever that has addressed Congress. According to the
guardian.com, Pope Francis, "electrified Congress with a call for action on climate change,
immigration, poverty and capital punishment, laying down a challenge for the United States to
transcend division and rediscover its ideals" (Carroll 1). He addressed these issues and drew a great
interest from the audience for fifty–one minutes in the chamber of the House of Representatives.
The audience of the speech consisted of a large number of lawmakers, aides, and invited guests. The
New York Times, referenced some of the people that attended: "Sitting behind Francis were Vice
President Joseph R. Biden Jr. and House Speaker John A. Boehner, both Catholics. Flanking the
aisle at the front were Secretary of State John Kerry and Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr., and not
far behind them was Nancy Pelosi, the House Democratic leader, all Catholics" (Baker, Yardley 17).
Others in the audience included three other Supreme Court associate justices, Justice Anthony
Kennedy, Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and Justice Sonia Sotomayor, other cabinet members,
senators, House members, presidential candidates, a few four–star generals, priests, nuns, and
bishops. According to the New York Times, the lawmakers interrupted Pope Francis about thirty
times applauding him, causing the speech to run fifty–one minutes when originally scheduled for
thirty. *****add

National Federation of Independent Business v Sebelius Essay
1. Title and Citation– National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius 567 U.S. (2012) 2.
Facts of the Case– In March 2010, there came about multiple lawsuits that were merged into one
case shortly after Congress passed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) or
Obamacare (National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius). With the passing of this act it
required U.S. citizen who did not already have health care through Medicaid, Medicare, corporate,
or any government–sponsored source to get health care. Citizens who did not have any of the
mentioned healthcare sources would be forced into buying into the federally funded healthcare. If
they did not buy into the healthcare, there would be a strict penalty ... Show more content on
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However, they believed that Affordable Care Act could only be enforced in the fine for citizens
without health insurance was removed (National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius). 3.
Issues– National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius brought up some unique and never
before seen issues (The Affordable Care Act Cases). 1. Whether or not the Anti–Injunction Act
barred the minimum coverage provision of Affordable Care Act? 2. Does Congress have the power
to require citizens to purchase health care? 3. Is the mandate requiring citizens to purchase health
insurance severable from Affordable Care Act? 4. Whether or not Congress could pass a law that
required states to enforce Affordable Care Act and if they did not comply, the state could lose
federal funding? 4. Decisions– After three days of arguments, the Supreme Court decided three
months later in a 5 to 4 vote agreed to pass certain sections of Affordable Care Act, whereas other
sections were not passed. 5. Reasoning– The Supreme Court's decision was split and provided
various points of view on the issues just like the American population and some sections are still
being challenged today. Chief Justice Roberts was joined by Justices Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayer,
and Kagan to form the opinion of the court on this case. However, there are sections where Justices
felt split on the opinion. Due to this reason, there is a detailed explanation of which

Ruth Bader Ginsburg Thesis Statement
Ruth Bader Ginsburg born in 1933, she grew up in an underprivileged household in Brooklyn. She
ended up becoming a thriving and victorious woman of her time and still impacting society in the
United States with her academic success even though she had to deal with personal stumbles at an
early age. In the 50's she became an iconic symbol for women, she paved away footsteps for women
to achieve real professions. She inspired pioneering and notable women of today. Her illustrious
winning cases on civil, social and liberty has become popular throughout social media and still
landmarks society today.
Ginsburg experienced an agitated, upbringing childhood. Even though she had a troubled childhood,
that didn't stop her from outshining ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The late Kenyan Nobel Peace Laureate, Wangari Maathai directly and openly said "The higher you
go, the fewer women there are." This truly applies to Ginsburg and women all around who struggle
with discrimination after university. She demonstrated that despite being a woman and men
underestimating you could still overcome the discrimination and be successful person and get
educated. She went on teaching at Columbia to be being a Supreme Court judge. She impacted a lot
of people even POC because at that time POC were treating unfairly more than women were. Even
worse if you were a black woman it was even harder to get an employment because of racist and
sexist employers. During the 1970s, she participated as the director of the Women's Rights Project of
the American Civil Liberties Union, for which she argued six landmark cases on gender equality
before the U.S. Supreme Court. The most remarkable thing she did was show the world of gender–
blindness and that's a huge problem in America today. People don't understand and are blind to think
that men are also entitled to the same equal rights as women do she encouraged the true definition of
feminism. Which by definition is a person who believes in the social, political, and economic
equality of the sexes. One of the five cases she won

Gender Discrimination At Goodyear
Lilly Ledbetter had finally had enough of the gender discrimination at Goodyear and decided to take
a stand. In 2003, she sued Goodyear and the federal jury awarded her $3.8 million in damages. Later
in 2003, a judge reduced her winnings to $300,000. However, Goodyear appealed until Supreme
Court although the Civil Rights Act clearly forbids gender discrimination. At the Supreme Court
trial, Goodyear pointed out that the Civil Rights Act also has a statute of limitations which means
that an employee must file a complaint within 180 days of the first unfair paycheck. This means that
Lilly Ledbetter needed to have sued six months after she was hired. In 2006, the Supreme Court
found Goodyear innocent of gender discrimination meaning that Goodyear won the case. Lilly
Ledbetter got no reward at all and all of her previous awards were taken away except for a $3,165
check from Goodyear for "court costs." But this was just a small setback for Lilly Ledbetter. Samuel
Alito of the Supreme Court had declared that her complaint was "untimely." The Supreme ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At Goodyear, Lilly Ledbetter had been targeted after rejecting the advances of a superior. Because
after she did this she was unfairly targeted, Lilly Ledbetter knew that she could be targeted again.
Lilly Ledbetter had filed her previous suit of harassment with the same organization that she was
filing her newest suit. Her last suit didn't work out and she realized that her gender suit might not
work out either. This suit cost her a lot of money and she spent most of her money on the case. She
knew that if she were to lose, she would lose everything. This happened as she was awarded
$3,285,979 but all of her money was taken away when Goodyear appealed. Not to be stopped,
Ledbetter risked her money yet again by appealing to the Supreme Court. Lilly Ledbetter even said
in her novel that she "had seen people lose everything in

Episode Of Makers: The Fight For Women's Rights?
In this episode of Makers, the women build on the momentum that their movement has created. This
episode begins with Billie Jean King establishing a women's tennis league, and fighting against the
unequal prize money given out in tennis tournaments. Next, Billie Jean takes on a former male
champion in what was known as "the battle of the sexes". This tennis match was marketed like a
heavy weight prize fight and over 30,000 people attended the match. Billie Jean won. This was a
significant achievement for the women's right movement and surely paved the way for future
women athletes such as Serena Williams. I learned that at this time there was also a "battle of the
sexes" within the home. The divorce rate exploded higher as women became more ... Show more
Instead, the women pushed for a constitutional amendment that would provide women the legal
groundwork to be treated equally. This Equal Right Amendment would have been the pinnacle of
the women's equality movement. Unexpectedly, conservative women began to organize. These
women believed that those who supported the Equal Rights Act had a victim's mentality. They also
believed that the women should respect their traditional roles in the household. They also felt that
there was too much change happening too fast. So, they took to the streets, media, and law houses in
order to stop the ERA. Those who opposed the ERA were called hypocrites by those who supported
the Act. They claimed that the women opposing the ERA weren't in the home, were running a
movement, and were not being traditional at all. Those opposed to the ERA pointed to some
potential flaws in the Act such as the fact that women could be drafted into the military. Eventually,
the ERA fell 3 states short of being ratified. This was a crushing blow to the Women's equality
movement and signaled a turn in the the public

Women And The Supreme Court
A few years ago, Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg said, "People ask me sometimes,
when – when do you think it will it be enough? When will there be enough women on the court?
And my answer is when there are nine." Justice Ginsburg aims for a future where women can
achieve the same monopoly on the Supreme Court that men held for nearly two hundred years; she
is optimistic that someday, nine women will be able to reach the height of the American judicial
system. The path to an all–female Supreme Court is quite an unlikely one, but a strong and diverse
court with women and people of color could be created and would greatly benefit many
marginalized groups in the United States. In this paper, I will discuss a number of topics regarding
woman and the Supreme Court from historical precedents to objective research to the importance of
female judges and Justices and finally to the possibilities of the future. Each of these steps is vital to
fully understanding how we got to our country's current place in female jurisprudence and creating
future opportunities for women both on the Supreme Court and in all other levels of the judicial
system across the United States. In nearly the first two hundred years of the United States' existence,
not a single woman served on the Supreme Court of the United States. In that time, the court made
hundreds if not thousands of decisions that changed the lives of women around the country, but the
women had no say in how the cases were

Hobby Lobby Case Analysis
On September 12, 2012, a for–profit corporation, by the name of Hobby Lobby, sued the Secretary
of Department of Health and Human Services, who at the time was Kathleen Sebelius. The Green
family, owner of Hobby Lobby store incorporated, sued due to a mandate known as the Patient Care
and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). Therefore, this act mandated that businesses must provide
contraceptives to employees under their insurance benefits. However, contraceptives were against
the Green family's religious faith, so they denied their employees contraceptives in their insurance
benefit plans. Later on, the Green family sued under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act and
Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment, stating that this was an infringement ... Show more
At the end of the day, people go to Hobby Lobby to buy arts and crafts, not to partake in a practice
of a certain religion. If Hobby Lobby wanted to still express their religious beliefs and follow the
Affordable Care Act, then they could have purchased contraceptives themselves and have employees
to pay for them. Hobby Lobby could have simply issued them by putting them in the employees'
bathrooms at a certain base price. Most importantly, if Hobby Lobby truly cared about the wellbeing
of their employees, then they could have referred them to a place where contraceptives are available
at low prices or could have simply given them a discount, since they are required by law to provide
them in one way, shape, or form. In my opinion not all contraceptives are stopping life as soon as it
is created; for example, condoms are a form of contraceptives that are a preventative, but does not
end life at conception. Finally, it is not up to the Greens to play God, because at the end of the end
of the day people have free will, and should have free

The Earth For Everyone !
Earth for everyone ! "We're both looking at the same moon, it the same world. We're connected to
reality by the same line. All I have to do is quietly draw it towards me." Haruki Murakami Where
we live? Why we live here? We look at the same sun, but everyone look from different outlook. It all
depends where we are and how our life looks like. Are we happy? In the world we have five
different continents, but what connects us is moon. Although we are alike physically and sometimes
mentally, but it all depends on where we're born. If we are born in India , Saudi Arabia or Europe we
all live under the same moon, but our lives are very different. India is country where being women is
deadly difficult. The country that has nuclear weapon, but people die of hunger on sidewalk. Around
exclusive apartments homeless cook on a real fire. People in India live on the streets, they are born,
live and die on them. India is country where are arranged marriages, often parents are indebted to
the rest of the their live to have only a dowry for their daughter. They arrange marriage of several
year old children and even newborns ( younger girl is cheaper). Daughters threaten the survival of
the family so many parents prefer in advance to get rid of them. They disappear each day in secret.
In village there are different ways to kill a girl, for instance administering a poisonous edible part of
oleanders, cocktail of pesticides, opium or raw rice , which

Ruth Bader Ginsburg : A Victim Of Gender Discrimination
Ruth Bader Ginsburg career did not begin as most individuals would image when considering that
she now holds one of the highest positions in America; she has been met with many challenges and
obstacles. Before becoming a Supreme Court justice, where she has used her position to fight gender
discrimination, she herself was a victim of gender discrimination. Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born
Ruth Joan Bader, on March 15, 1933, in Brooklyn, New York (Oyez, 2016). She is the second
daughter of two Russian Jewish immigrants, her father Nathan, was a furrier in the prime of the
Great Depression and her mother, Celia was a garment factory worker (Oyez, 2016). Ginsburg loved
of knowledge originated from her mother, who forfeited her own education in order to send her own
brother to college (Oyez, 2016). Celia instilled strong educational values in her daughter which fuel
her determination to excel in school; at the age of fifteen she graduated from James Madison High
School, unfortunately, the day before her graduation ceremony her mother died from her battle with
cancer (Oyez, 2016). Nevertheless, Ginsburg did not allow her mother passing to hamper her love of
knowledge, continuing her educational quest at Cornell University, she not only attain her Bachelors
of Art in government at the top of her class but also met her husband, Martin Ginsburg. Ginsburg
decided to halt her academic success to start a family and after taking a few years off she returned to
academia by enrolling

28th Amendment Benefits
The proposal of the twenty–eighth amendment is that no Supreme Court justice shall serve any more
than 18 full years as a judge on the Supreme Court. "A term of 18 years is suggested most often
because this length would allow presidents to appoint one member every two years (or two every
term, which is approximately the historical average) but would not allow them, even if elected to
two terms, to appoint a majority of the court." The constitution does not clearly specify any limit to
the number of Supreme Court justices nor the length of their terms. In this proposal for the 28th
amendment, not only gives term limits, but also sets a mental competency exam for every fifth year
and proposes vetting every second year. The founding fathers did ... Show more content on
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The most common thought about lifetime tenure is that the Founding Fathers wanted to protect the
Justices from political pressure. Justices spend so many years on the court that they are not easily
influenced by the current political culture, therefore some argue that term limits are not necessary.
"Taken together, the evidence does not support the argument that, measured either by age or length
of service, lifetime tenure on the Supreme Court needs to be modified or abolished. Doubtless there
are examples of justices who time their departures in just such a fashion, but statistical assessments
that sort out the relative impact of the factors that might lead a justice to retire suggest that the
justices have retired principally because of ill–health and the availability of pension benefits." If this
quote were true, Chief Justice John Rehnquist, when diagnosed with thyroid cancer and Justice
Ginsburg, undergoing surgery for colon cancer, would have most probably retired for these health
reasons. "... the Court is a group consisting almost entirely of senior citizens, several of whom have
battled serious health problems. Compounding these concerns is the fact that the responsibility for
determining when a member of the Court may no longer be fully fit for the job is left to the
discretion of the individual justice, who obviously may not be in the best position to render an
objective judgment about his or her

Ruth Bader Ginsburg Analysis
Neuborne, B. (2007). Introduction of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. California Law Review, 95(6),
2213–2215. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20439141 This article spoke about Ruth
Bader Ginsburg's work with the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). Burt Neuborne describer
Ginsburg as a brilliant vibrant young lawyer when they met, and went on to talk about the
discrimination she faced. Ginsburg graduated top in her class in Columbia but was met with no job
offers in New York, because she had "three strikes against her", she was a woman, a Jew and a
mother. She was turned down from one job because said employer "wasn't ready to hire a woman."
Throughout her career at Rutgers as a professor she was payed less than her male colleges. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When she joined the Rutgers faculty she cofounded the Women's Rights Law Report at Rutgers the
first U.S. law journal focused solely on women. She joined the Columbia staff in 1972. One of her
projects while she was director of the Women's Right Project at the ACLU was an equal–pay
campaign with other faculty at the Columbia. After this she joined again with women on campus to
challenge the retirement plan for women. An unfair compensation package that payed women lower
monthly benefits. All within 1973–1979 she raised two children ran the Women's Rights project,
taught at Columbia and argued six cases in the U.S. Supreme Court. The partnership between
Ginsburg and her husbands was reported as incredible by people who witnessed them, a true team.
Husband never forced her to leave school and follow him to his job in 1956. Additionally, he was
never jealous or envious of her success and gave continues encouragement to drive forward in her
career. They divided home duties, and truly broke down the stereotypical family for the time. For
example, when their children's school only called Ruth when their son was called into the
headmaster's office for being mischievous, she told them, "This boy has a father..." and instructed
them to call her husband. Ginsburg wasn't afraid to challenge the nuclear family's norms. The clerks
that worked with her, spoke of how seeing Ginsburg raise her family and continue to learn and work
was inspiring and gave them a model to do the same. Having children doesn't mean you can't pursue
a career. Ginsburg was one of the first women to prove this. The first at that high of a level,

Supreme Court Justice: Byron R. White
SUPREME COURT JUSTICE BYRON WHITE
By; Logan Moody
Logan Moody
Mr. Kellermeyer
PS 274: American Political Scene
24 April 2017
Supreme Court Justice Byron R. White
Any government officials can have a controversial life or career. The government is a sophisticated
beast in itself. Our representative democracy is what shapes our nation. The Supreme Court has
dealt with many of our countries most challenging cases and they have changed the world we live in
today. Any Supreme Court justice may have possibly witnessed a case that has shaped us in today's
society. Byron R. White was a Supreme Court Justice that served the court from 1962 to 1993, and
faced some different cases that changed many people's lives.
Byron Raymond White was born in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was great at focusing on his school work, while keeping a hard work mentality. He was a top
scholar in his high school and colleges. He served a few years for this country and then gave a huge
part of his life to protect the integrity of the United States. His no–nonsense attitude will always be
remembered in the Supreme Court, and in our government. From working in the sugar beets fields
in Colorado, to playing football in Pittsburgh, and ending up in the Supreme Court, Byron White has
achieved a lot in his very sophisticated life. No one in Washington D.C. will ever forget the man
named Byron "Whizzer"

Antonin Scalia Debates
For Scalia, everything the Supreme Court debated about had clear issue. When talking about
religion and freedom of speech he believed, "speech by and about religion received precisely the
same protection under the First Amendment as any other kind of speech." (Tobin 113) when talking
about whether minors should be executed such as in the Stanford vs Kentucky case, Scalia wrote
that states could execute 16 year olds and seventeen year olds. Antonin Scalia loved the Supreme
Court and everything around it he relished the critics who critiqued all of the actions of the supreme
court, he loved he custom with Ruth Bader Ginsburg having their families share New Year's
together. Scalia loved the debates that went on in the Supreme Court that

Elizabeth Cady Stanton And The Women's Rights Movement
The freedom for women to have equal rights is simply the fact that women deserve and have the
right to be equal to their male counterparts. The definition may be simple, but the right is extremely
complex in all dimensions. Countless women and men have fought and been persecuted for women
to be where they are today, but they have a long road ahead of them. The sex in which they are born
should not affect what they can do or what society thinks they can do. They will and must stand up
for their rights. Elizabeth Cady Stanton had an enormous impact on the Women's Rights Movement.
She was born in 1815 in Johnstown, New York and died in 1902. During her lifetime she led the
National Women's Suffrage Movement from 1869–1890 and coedited a feminist ... Show more
This has come from many years of idolizing white womanhood. They look up to individuals so
highly that they see them as invincible, which contributes to this feeling. Supreme Court justice
Ruth Bader Ginsburg, a revered feminist said Colin Kaepernick's (NFL player) protest was "dumb"
and "arrogant." This hit many individuals many different ways, some positive and some negative.
She is looked up to as a big player in women's rights today and her actions show they are capable of
harm, and not above it. It seems some individuals have realized women see themselves as
invincible. This is seen in pop culture when there are "complicated" or "messy" female protagonists
in TV shows. Many of them are antiheroes, or central characters in a story, movie, or drama who
lack conventional heroic attributes.

Essay On Gerrymandering
When looking at a map of the United States, it can be seen that it is very cut and dry. The borders of
states are straight, cut at right angles, and distributes the land proportionally. The same cannot be
seen or said for Congressional districts. The intention is to evenly divide up the States even further
but instead, it is based on the state populations. It can also be apparent that the drawing of the
districts in recent years has been less than about population numbers, but as to who the population
votes for. Representation including district boundaries is known as the practice of gerrymandering.
So in the process of setting districts, gerrymandering is a practice attempting to establish a political
advantage for a particular group. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was not until 1964 in the case of Reynolds vs Sims that found "An individual 's right to vote for
state legislators is unconstitutionally impaired when its weight is in a substantial fashion when
compared with votes of citizens living in other parts of the State" (Reynolds v Sims), which came as
a result of discriminatory representation in the state of Alabama. This case however, only outlines
unlawful practice in a narrow fashion, not giving full width to the possible practices. Districts can
still be redrawn in ways that give one group a large advantage over their competitors. It is described
that "Voters in seven states...have turned to such commissions in an effort to reduce political
"gerrymandering," the map–drawing method that leads to districts easily won by Democrats or
Republicans" (Wolf). This is why we see districts drawn in such illogical patterns that render the
minority groups, most likely powerless. This can also allow the minority group to unlikely win.
Only when race seems to be the predominant factor in the apportionment, do these redistribution
schemes face any legal action, being at risk with the 14th Amendment. It is very easily possible to
give a win to a minority party because of these practices. In North Carolina, where the two–party
House vote was fifty–one percent Democratic, forty–nine percent Republican, the average simulated
delegation was seven Democrats and

Conflict Between Sotomayor And Bader Ginsburg
An underlying conflict within the Supreme Court was partially abstained as Sonia Sotomayor and
Ruth Bader Ginsburg joined the system in 1954 and 1993. Although their oath of office resembles a
major breakthrough in law, there is still no doubt that the conflict of ethnic and gender diversity and
the need for diverse, experienced members within the Supreme Court is a problem that should be
addressed by society within the next few years. From past events, such as Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown
v. Board of Education, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and consistently throughout history, it is
perceived that problems in our justice system are addressed when people come together as a society
in resistance in want for change. Justice Sonia Sotomayor's ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Being instrumental in initiating the Women's Right Project of the American Civil Liberties Union,
Bader Ginsburg represents her current stance on women's representation in high positions as she
states, "For some reason, people repeatedly have asked RBG when she thought there would be
enough women on the court. The question is asinine, her answer effective: 'When there are nine" in
the book Notorious RBG ( ). This statement was based on the scarcity of diversity in the U.S.
Supreme Court, as there are only three women in U.S. Supreme Court justices compared to holding
majority of white men and one African American man currently represented. Although the majority
of legal barriers to women's equality have been eliminated, "women still remain the most
underrepresented group in Congress and the state legislatures" ( 171 ). Despite the lack of racial and
gender diversity, the Supreme Court plays a large policymaking role as they take part in giving the
public population opportunities to seek readdress for ongoing, recurring

“What Is Fueling This Anger, This Political Insanity? The
"What is fueling this anger, this political insanity? The first is economic dislocation. Even before the
financial crash in 2008, for tens of millions of working–class Americans, things were heading in the
wrong direction, and fast. Their real incomes had fallen; their access to pensions, to paid sick leave,
to affordable medical coverage, to reasonably priced higher education for their children had
collapsed; their debts had soared; and their chances of climbing the socioeconomic ladder had
become ever more remote. This was partly a product of globalization, with manufacturing jobs lost
to developing countries; yet the scale of inequality unleashed in America is bigger than in other
Western democracies. In the US, as trade unions were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bipartisan Relations Maintaining healthy bipartisan relationships are the most important roles that
the President can take on to protect the nations democracy. However, the President has traumatically
influenced the relationships between the politicians who are meant to represent the people. On some
of the most important issues of our nation's future; like global warming, healthcare, social programs,
and so forth the President has chosen individuals who too seem to hinder the progression of
America. Healthcare for example is a concern and bipartisan issue that there seems to be no
resolution for. Healthcare in America is one of the most important topics that concerns Americans.
While the Affordable Care Act insured a great number of individuals. Trump's plan is to repeal and
replace the ACA, with no real plan of his own. Trump supported the House GOP plan and Paul
Ryan, of course this plan was unsuccessful as an attempt to quickly create a healthcare bill fumbled.
This plan took place without bipartisanship as the GOP attempted to move the bill without a strategy
to promote bipartisanship. The Committee for a Responsible Budget estimates that there would be
an increase in Americans who would be uninsured if the president's plan to repeal the Affordable
Care Act was successful. More importantly, a replacement plan would only cover an estimated 1.1
million of the estimated 49 million people

Does California 's Three Strikes Law Against Cruel And...
Does California's three strikes law defy the law of the eighth amendment prohibiting the against
cruel and usual punishment? In the case of Ewing v. California this question is put to the test when a
man is sentence 25 years to life because of the "three strikes you 're out" policy.
The defendant Gary Ewing was a multiple offender of several crimes from grand theft auto to drug
possession.. On December 9, 1993, Ewing was arrested on the premises of a apartment complex for
trespassing and lying to a police officer. After his conviction of first–degree robbery and three
counts of residential burglary,Ewing was sentenced to nine years and eight months in prison. On
parole from a nine year sentence he entered into El Segundo golf course store empty handed but left
with a pants leg full of merchandise. After the police was notified by the the store employee Ewing
was arrested before even leaving the premises. When arrested three golf clubs each priced at $399
was confiscated from him so he was convicted of one count of felony grand theft of personal
property in excess of $400. The trial court found as a newly convicted felon with two or more
"serious" or "violent" felony convictions in his past, Ewing was sentenced to 25 years to life. In
examining Ewing 's claim that his sentence is grossly disproportionate, the gravity of the offense
must be compared to the harshness of the penalty.. The California Supreme Court has noted that
crime 's seriousness in the context of

Religious Influence On Supreme Court Cases
Influence on Decisions of Supreme Court Justices by Their Religions Hao Meng Abstract –
Religious influence on judiciary, especially when it comes to Supreme Court Justices, is a
complicated issue, and it has been controversial in U.S.. Talking about judgement for the influence,
it's not all–inclusive by only dividing them into liberals and conservatives, instead, a comprehensive
approach is to focus on specific cases. Keywords – Supreme Court Justice; religion; legislation; law;
abortion; gay rights; death penalty Introduction "Justice is not to be taken by storm. She is to be
wooed by slow advances. Substitute statute for decision, and you shift the center of authority, but
add no quota of inspired wisdom." –– Benjamin N. Cardozo[1]. In the view of many citizens,
Supreme Court Justices are like legal machines, interpreting constitution to promise American
people of equal justice. Throughout American history, numerous case laws have established the
pattern of judicial decisions of U.S., thus making little room for new legislation. However, even
Supreme Court Justices are human beings, who can be influenced by various factors. It's not that
simple to determine the inclination of a justice to his or her religious belief, political philosophy and
ideology. The essence of judicial process requires a justice to vote under any circumstance based on
law, precedents and most important, constitution. No Supreme Court Justice will say that he or she
has personal or political

Essay about A Case Review: Pennsylvania State Police Vs....
Nancy Drew Suders was hired March 1998 by the Pennsylvania State Police (PSP) as a police
communications operator for the McConnellsburg barracks, where her three male supervisors
subjected her to a "continuous barrage of sexual harassment." Suders said one of the supervisors
Sergeant Eric D. Easton, talked to her repeatedly about sex with animals. The second, Corporal Eric
B. Prendergast sat on her desk and made gestures simulating oral sex. The third, Patrol Corporal
William D. Baker made obscene gestures as many as five or ten times a night. In June 1998, Suders
spoke to PSP's Equal Employment Opportunities Officer, Virginia Smith–Elliot, and told her that
she "might need some help." Two months later Suders contacted Smith–Elliot ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Pennsylvania State Police never brought theft charges against her. Suders then resigned from
the force and sued the Pennsylvania State Police in Federal District Court, alleging, that she had
been subjected to sexual harassment and constructively discharged, in violation of the Title VII of
the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The District Court granted the PSP's motion for summary judgment
and held that the PSP was not liable for the supervisors conduct. Suders hostile work environment
claim was untenable as a matter of law because she unreasonably failed to benefit herself of the
PSP's internal anti–harassment procedures. The Third Circuit reversed and remanded the case for
trial. The Third Circuit agreed with the District Court that Suders had presented sufficient evidence
for a trial to conclude that the supervisors had engaged in a "pattern of sexual harassment that was
persuasive and regular." The appeals court disagreed with the District Court and ruled that a
constructive discharge, if proved, constitutes a tangible employment action that renders an employer
strictly liable and precludes recourse to the Ellerth/Faragher affirmative defense. The Court of
Appeals remanded Suders claim for trial. The United State Supreme Court granted certiorari to
resolve the disagreement on the question whether a constructive discharge brought about by
supervisor harassment ranks as a tangible employment action and therefore precludes

The Causes And Effects Of Segregation In Public Schools
"We've come a long way from the days where there was state–enforced segregation. But we still
have a way to go." said Ruth Bader Ginsburg. 1954, Brown v. Board pushed people to integrate
schools and provide all students with an equal education, but recent studies show despite the large
efforts made to desegregate that public schools are almost just as segregated, and in the same
conditions as they were back in 1960. Segregation has once again started to take over public schools
all over the nation, and stories and statistics show that racial and residential segregation are just as a
big deal as they sound. For example, test score gaps have grown, and the quality of educations at
schools that are primarily white, or black, are alarming. From 1971 to 1986, the gap between black
and white students scores on a standardized reading test was significantly large. The difference in
points on average was about 38 points less than white students. Then, a couple years later in 1988,
the gap between the scores was decreased to 18 points, demonstrating that the efforts of
desegregation had been working. This was the peak of integration in schools, with 43.5% of black
students in what were mainly white schools, and about 35% of white students were in primarily
black schools. After this, Americans efforts in desegregating depleted since they believed that
schools were integrated enough to satisfy people. Recently, studies have been done showing that
once again, black students are

Johnson's Argumentative Essay: Supreme Court Cases
When the sun rose this morning, most any conservation about Supreme Court vacancies would have
centered around President Obama replacing Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg – the eldest of the court's
nine justices and a two–time cancer survivor who will turn 83 next month. And then on Saturday
afternoon came the news that Justice Antonin Scalia had passed away while on a Texas hunting trip.
With his death, the nation's highest court went from potential sleeper issue in the president election
to front and center, kicking and screaming. This is the first time since 1968 that an opening on the
Supreme Court coincides with the final year of a Democratic presidency. It's a story worth retelling,
as we could be headed down the same road. In 1968 the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That might prompt the Republican Senate, which may not even be Republican a year from now, to
put on brakes. Hillary's Fortunes. Someone else who's watching this drama unfold: the Democrats'
likely nominee. As a candidate Hillary Clinton has struggled to find a message that's compelling and
authentic. And she has struggled to connect with the youngest portion of the Democratic electorate.
In theory, a Senate Judiciary hearing gives Clinton a chance to connect with the youth vote on a
series on issues likely to be put forward by conservative senators: abortion, privacy, executive
authority, immigration, climate change, and so forth. It also gives her an opening to refocus the
conversation from her progressive credentials to the importance of winning in November –
electability one of the few areas where she's scored well with the progressive grassroots. The area of
immediate impact: the 2016 Senate battleground. Republican incumbents who are struggling to hold
on in Wisconsin, Ohio and Pennsylvania now have a new means of rallying the conservative
grassroots. Likewise, Democratic activists will make a hard sell to their base. It's just what America
needed: one more issue to raise temperatures inside the Beltway – and

Shana Knizhnik's Justice Ginsburg
When I think of someone that has had a great impact on my life, I always think of Justice Ruth
Bader Ginsburg. She is not only an honorable justice, but has proved herself to be an amazing
mother, wife, student, teacher, attorney, and judge that anyone can look up to. She is just an overall
amazing influential woman that I hope to one day be like. I, of course, am not the only one who
feels that way about her. Over the last several years, Justice Ginsburg has become a feminist icon
that has inspired many memes and artwork. The book that I chose to review is a book that I had on
my to–read virtual bookshelf for a long time for those same reasons. Thankfully, this course finally
gave me the push that I needed to finally purchase the book. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One of the authors, Shana Knizhnik, created the Notorious R.B.G. Tumblr blog during her time in
law school. Her Tumblr page was created to be a digital tribute for Justice Ginsburg, but sometime
later, it turned into a movement that quickly spread around the country (Carmon and Knizhnik). I
personally, followed the Tumblr blog because I admired Justice Ginsburg and found the images to
be amazingly quirky and inspiring. The blog had many memes about Justice Ginsburg, but it also
featured girls dressed up as her, manicures and tattoos inspired her and much more. It was a blog
that I knew that I could rely on to cheer me up and get me to learn at the same time yet a community
at the same time. After the huge success of her Ginsburg dedicated Tumblr blog, Shana was
approached to write a book with journalist Irin Carmon about the Notorious RBG herself. While the
book is written by Irin, Shana curated the images and fact–checked the information featured in it,
which still gave it that personality that the Tumblr blog had been so successful for (Carmon and
Knizhnik). The book ended up being completed in six months, all while Irin worked as a full–time
journalist and Shana finished up law school. They cited Justice Ginsburg herself for being their
inspiration to multitask and work hard (Bazelon, Emily). Soon after the book was published, it
began to spread and had great sales. Suddenly,

Masterpiece Cakesham Case
Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission
Religion, whether we like it or not, influences many of our decisions as humans even without us
even knowing. Religion, for those who have grown up knowing it, or are believers in a religion,
have been taught to act and respond in specific ways to scenarios of all types. Whereas those who
are not affiliated religiously are influenced by decisions on matters of morality as well as law, which
has basis in religion. The case of Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission is one
surrounded by that of religiously based decisions and intentions from both religious Americans and
non–religious Americans. The cases origin dates to 2012, previous to the 2015 Supreme Court ruling
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With such a relevant case to current times and a necessary one to define the future of interactions
between businesses and citizens of all races and sexual orientations, clarification can only help the
future of these types of interactions. The court will most likely respond with a 5–4 decision in favor
of Masterpiece Cakeshop. As with the conservative justices, most will likely support that of
Masterpiece Cakeshop. Associate Justice Clarence Thomas, Associate Justice Samuel Alito, and the
newly appointed Associate Justice Neil Goursch would most likely choose to support the freedom of
religion and the right to refuse service, most likely quoting Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, as they
tend to stay on the conservative side of the argument. Whereas Associate Justice Ruth Bader
Ginsberg, Associate Justice Stephen Breyer, Associate Justice Elena Kagan, and Associate Justice
Sonia Sotomayor would most likely stick with the argument that this is discrimination of gay
Americans, most likely quoting Employment Division, Department of Human Resources of Oregon
v. Smith during the proceedings. Chief Justice John G. Roberts would most likely maintain that
Masterpiece Cakeshop was not in the wrong. The real decision on whether or not Mr. Phillips was
right in refusing to produce a wedding cake for the couple would come down to Anthony M.
Kennedy. As Kennedy often takes the position of swing vote in the Supreme Court it is

The Career of Ruth Bader Ginsburg
On March 15, 1933 Ruth Bader Ginsburg was born in Brooklyn, New York to Nathan and Celia
Bader (Bio.com). Throughout her life, she faced much discrimination. She grew up in a time in
America where women and other minorities weren't always thought of as equals. For example,
during her hearing before the Committee On the Judiciary United States Senate, Ginsburg talked
about a sign she saw in Pennsylvania that had said "No Jews or dogs" when she was a teenager. Also
during her hearing, she talked about how she felt about discrimination saying that it was something
she always felt strongly about (U.S. Congress, 139). Despite the discriminations she was put up
against, Ginsburg rose above them and became the first Jew and the second lady appointed to the
Supreme Court. Neither one of her parents had much of an educational background. Because of this,
her mother encouraged Ginsburg to pursue a higher education ("Jewish Women's Archive"). Her
mother had a huge impact on her Ginsburg's life, she said, "I think of her often when I am in
challenging situations that compel a top performance" (Swiger, 55). The day before Ruth Ginsburg
graduated from James Madison High School, her mother sadly died from cancer. After high school,
Ginsburg furthered her schooling by attending college. She graduated and achieved her Bachelor's
degree from Cornell University in government in 1954. There was where she met her husband
Marty Ginsburg ("Jewish Women's Archive"). According to Ruth her husband

Burwell V Hobby Lobby Case Study
In the case Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc., the Greens who own Hobby Lobby sued Kathleen
Sebelius, the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services. Hobby Lobby an arts and
crafts store based on their religion as Christian. Hobby Lobby argument was that the Affordable
Care Act violated the Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment and the Religious Freedom
Restoration Act. Hobby Lobby refused to pay for drugs that could lead to abortion and anything that
could get rid of a human being. they had to the freedom that they did not have to give employees.
Furthermore, Hobby Lobby believes that their religion as Christian should not be violated, because
the new law passed explain that corporations with 30 or more employees should give them health
care coverage. "Department of Health and Human Services regulations implementing the 2010
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requires that employers' group health plans furnish
preventive care and screenings for women without cost sharing requirement" (Justia 1). The
Department of Health and Human Services believed that every corporation should be allowed to a
better health plan. People imposed of Hobby Lobby refused to see that Hobby lobby had a valid
reason why they should not be allowed to a health coverage that allowed them to get an abortion or
prevent one, it case was later taken to the Supreme Court. "The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the
businesses, holding that RFRA applies to regulations that govern

Sandra Day O ' Connor
Throughout history many U.S. Supreme Court Justices have served for numerous years on the
Supreme court making final decisions on diverse cases that have created long lasting impacts. The
current supreme court justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and former justice Sandra Day O'Connor have
not only made an impact but are proof that women are equal to men when it comes to court room
decisions. Throughout the essay I will explain the background of the justice, the president who
appointed them, and the accomplishments made on the Supreme Court. Sandra Day O 'Connor was
the first woman appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. A Republican, she was considered a moderate
conservative and served for 24 years. Born on March 26, 1930, in El Paso, Texas, Sandra Day O
'Connor spent part of her youth on her family 's Arizona ranch. She graduated from Stanford
University in 1950 with a bachelor's degree in economics, O'Connor attended the university's law
school and received her degree in 1952, graduating third in her class. As opportunities for women
lawyers were limited at the time she had to work without pay at a county attorney in California San
Mateo region. From 1954–57, O 'Connor moved overseas and served as a civilian lawyer for the
Quartermaster Masker Center in Frankfurt, Germany. She returned home in 1958 and settled in
Arizona. There she worked at a private practice before returning to public service, acting as the state
's assistant attorney general from 1965–69. In 1969, O 'Connor

Who In This World Is To Say To Us What'S Wrong And Right?
Who in this world is to say to us what 's wrong and right? As a college student writing this paper i
'm in the midst of a social and cultural issue that has many different opinions and many different
feelings to those who take this topic to heart . The main question is should abortion be legal ? so
many answers are out there but the main way to look at it is how does that person view this , is it a
problem , or not. Through this paper i will be providing validated sources from both sides showing
everything there is to know about abortion and showing why you should or shouldn 't abort that next
one. This topic on its own is a actually a very sensitive one to myself because i 've been in this
situation were a choice needed to be made , ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Carhart that undue limitations on fetus removal encroach upon "a lady 's self–governance to decide
her life 's course, and accordingly to meet citizenship stature." CNN senior legitimate expert Jeffrey
Toobin, JD, expressed that Roe v. Swim was "a historic point of what is, in the most genuine sense,
ladies ' freedom." Moving on to the pain part of abortion , many consider the fact that you are
hurting the baby but that isnt altogether true. Fetuses are unequipped for feeling torment when most
premature births are performed."most neuroscientists trust that the cortex is essential for agony
discernment." The cortex does not get to be distinctly utilitarian until at any rate the 26th week of an
embryo 's improvement, long after most premature births are performed. There is "no real logical
data that backings the announcement that a baby encounters torment." A 2005 University of
California at San Francisco ponder said babies most likely can 't feel pain until the 29th or 30th
week of incubation. Abortions that late into a pregnancy are to a great degree uncommon and are
regularly confined by state laws. Fetuses can 't be held to experience torment. Not just has the
natural advancement not yet jumped out at bolster pain involvement, but rather the earth after birth,
so important to the improvement of torment understanding, is likewise yet to happen. The "wincing"
and different responses seen in

Analysis Of My Own Words By Ruth Bader Ginsburg
My Own Words, the autobiography about Ruth Bader Ginsburg, informs the reader of her life,
before and during the time she spent as a Supreme Court Justice. There is a biographical element to
the book with the help from Mary Hartnett and Wendy W. Williams. The book goes into detail about
some of Ruth's personal life and her beliefs. Ruth Ginsburg was born in Brooklyn in 1933. Some of
the most prominent points in the book are about her social life, gender equality, the Supreme Court
and interpreting the Constitution. Also, it explains her interest in opera, which actually has played a
major role in her time serving the court. Weaved into each section of the book are interviews, to
make the book more personal, as if you were talking with Mrs. Bader Ginsburg. As a child Ruth was
well educated. During her time as a student, there were prejudices against women learning, which
she ignored and continued to go to school. After high school she went to Cornell. This is where she
met her husband, Martin D. Ginsburg. At Cornell, she earned a bachelor of arts in government and
graduated one of the highest ranking females in her class. This prompted the continuation of her
education. She went on to Harvard Law School where she was one of the few women in her class.
Then she went to Columbia Law School where she graduated tied for first in her class. One of Ruth
Bader Ginsburg's favorite out–of–office–activities is going to operas. Although they have different
views, Justice Scalia

The Importance Of The Death Penalty
An intense debate over the death penalty has prevailed among Americans for the past decades. The
death penalty is the execution of a person by judicial process as punishment to commit serious
crimes. However, is the death penalty a fair form of punishment? Data from several studies have
clearly shown that it is a completely cruel and wrongful method of punishment. Capital punishment
disproportionately targets disadvantaged communities and therefore puts innocent lives at risk. In
many cases, the same punishments were not ordered for similar crimes but rather depended on the
social status of the accused and the accuser. However, many supporters who want to keep the death
penalty are often supposed that the death penalty can deter potential offenders from criminal
activity. While this argument seems initially convincing, it is simply a hypothetical assertion that's
not supported by any facts. So far, there has been no systematic analysis to verify this argument.
Collectively, the death penalty system lacks fairness, integrity, and effectiveness; such a system
should be abolished until the United States can achieve fairness and consistency in the
administration of the death penalty.
The death penalty is applied in an arbitrary and discriminatory manner. The poor people are far more
likely to receive the death penalty than wealthy people. One of the reasons is that poor people
cannot afford their own attorney, so all they depend on are the lawyers assigned by the state.
However,

Sergio Hernandez Guereca Was Shot By Jesus Mesa Jr.
Sergio Hernandez Guereca was shot by Jesus Mesa Jr. in 2010 on the Mexico–United States border.
Sergio was on the Mexican side while Mesa was on the American side. Sergio's parents are now
trying to sue Mr. Mesa in an American court. The Supreme Court is deciding whether the Guerecas
can sue and if constitutional protections extend across the border. What implications would be made
if the Guerecas are allowed to sue? What do those implications mean? Everything will be explained
and clarified so you can understand this article better.
The case, Hernandez v. Mesa, would raise questions whatever the ruling is. If Hernandez won, it
would imply that constitutional protections would extend beyond the border. Chief Justice John G.
Roberts Jr. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alito Jr. does not believe there is not yet a correct way to rule this case because there is not yet a law
about cross–border shootings. Justice Elena Kagan said, "the dividing line isn't even marked on the
ground. You can't tell on the ground where Mexico ends and the United States begins." Justice Ruth
Bader is sympathetic with the Guereca's case. Someone killed on the American side of the border
would have rights while a someone a few feet away wouldn't. She says that it "doesn't make a whole
lot of sense." Randolph J. Ortega, a lawyer for Mr. Mesa, fired back, "Wars have been fought to
establish borders. The border is very real." Every Justice has a different opinion and the ones
mentioned were not fully against the lawsuit.
The article excludes the views of two justices. They were Justices Sotomayor and Thomas. All the
Justices that were included all supported the case or had mixed feelings. Maybe the two justices did
not express their opinions or they could have opposed the lawsuit. In the article, it said that "four
more liberal justices were inclined to vote to allow the parents to sue. But it was less certain that
they could capture the crucial fifth vote of Justice Anthony M. Kennedy." This may mean that some
did oppose the suit and were not included. It can mean that this article is slightly biased if the other
two justices had comments, but were not in it. No one knows for sure who were the "four more
liberal justices" who supported the suit,

1. Who are the people on the Supreme Court? To learn more...
1. Who are the people on the Supreme Court? To learn more about them, go to the Web site for the
Oyez Project at www.oyez.org and select two Supreme Court justices.
The two Justics on the Supreme Court are John G. Roberts, Jr. and Ruth Bader Ginsburg. John G.
Roberts, Jr. was appointed on 29 September 2005 by president bush at an age of 50. He is a
republican, his confirmation vote was by voice and his ideologies are conservative. On the other
hand, President Bill Clinton appointed Ruth Bader Ginsburg on 5 August 1993 at an age of 60. She
is a democrat and her ideology is liberal although she would vote with conservatives when
necessary. Her confirmation vote was decisive since it was by landslide.
While the chief justice John Roberts, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In my opinion, the American society is a diverse one consisting of people of diverse race, ethnicity
and religion; it is important that in the justice system diversity exist along the same line to reflect the
aspirations of the entire population. If this does not happen, the unrepresented people will feel
discriminated and this might ferment discontent. This court as it is now reflects a good measure of
diversity because it has both male and female. There are judges of different racial backgrounds such
as white and blacks. However, more need to be done on gender and race since the court is still
largely men jungle and white.
2. Review and discuss one of the latest stories from oyez today
The story being discussed here is baseball and the supreme court: remembering flood v Kuhn. This
is a story, which has remained in the memory of the judiciary for such a long time because of the
absurdity of the decision made by the court at the time. This was the third time the matter was
coming up in the court and the previous positions were upheld. It was decided that baseball did not
fall under any federal antitrust and if it was to fall in any, it was congress and not the court. Courts
are made to dispense justice and as such, their decisions should reflect justice. This decision was
repugnant to justice but the judges seemed to have nothing they could do to rescue the situation. It is

Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act
In 1965, at a time of racial discrimination in America and the emergence of a strong Civil Rights
Movement, congress enacted the Voting Rights Act (VRA), which prohibits discrimination in
voting. Congress could not end racial discrimination in voting by suing one jurisdiction, state, etc. at
a time. Rather, Congress passed Section 5 of the VRA, which required states and local governments
with a history of racially discriminating voting practices to get the approval of the U.S. Attorney
General or a three–judge panel for the U.S. District Court for D.C. ("preclearace") in order to make
any changes to their voting practices. Section 4(b) said that the preclearance requirement applied to
states and political subdivisions that used a "test or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The defendant argued that Congress found substantial evidence of racial discrimination in voting in
the jurisdictions that are covered and that even if voting dilution does not violate the 15th
Amendment, it does violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment and therefore
Congress can protect against vote dilution. Next, the plaintiff argued that the ruling in the D.C.
Circuit, which would allow Congress to determine for itself the constitutional significance of the
evidence, threatened to remove the limitation that Congress may enforce but not interpret the 14th
and 15th Amendments and that the D.C. Circuit used to absence of discrimination to prove that the
preclearance requirement is effective and still necessary. On this issue, the defendant argued that
Congress correctly determined that Section 5 continues to ward off discrimination in voting that
would violate the Constitution. Third, the plaintiff argued that even if preclearance is justified, the
coverage formula is not rational since it is based on decades old data and also because the factors
that are considered are "first generation" ballot access issues, while the Voting Rights Act is meant
to defeat "second–generation problems" such as vote dilution. The defendant argued that Congress
determined which jurisdictions should be covered and then engineered a formula that would cover
those specific jurisdictions, so the formula is still relevant because it specifies the areas which
Congress

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