Uranium Mining Essay

Uranium Mining Essay
Health Effects of Uranium Mining Uranium was discovered in Cove, Arizona and then it was
elsewhere in the reservation. There were four centers of mining and milling operated on reservation
land near Shiprock, New Mexico include the Carrizo Mountains, near Cove; Monument Valley,
Utah; Church Rock, New Mexico; and Kayenta, Arizona. In addition, many Navajo people traveled
to mines off the reservation seeking work and would often move their families with them in mine
camps. The mineworkers were paid an hourly wage was less than a dollar. The jobs held included
blasters, timber men, muckers, transporters, and millers. Navajo mineworkers reported that their
bosses were usually Caucasians. The foremen were rarely ever in the mines. Mines ranged ... Show
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The Superfund Program has provided technical assistance and funding to assess potentially
contaminated sites and develop a response. In August of 2007, the Superfund Program compiled a
Comprehensive Database and Atlas assessments of all known Uranium mines on the Navajo Nation.
At the request of the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, the EPA, along
with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the Department of Energy,
and the Indian Health Service developed a coordinated Five–Year Plan to address Uranium
contamination in consultation with Navajo Nation EPA. In January of 2013, six Federal agencies, in
consultation with the Navajo Nation, completed a five–year effort to address Uranium
contamination in the Navajo Nation. The effort focused on the most imminent risks to people living
on the Navajo Nation. While the last five years represent a significant start in addressing the legacy
of Uranium mining, much work remains and the same federal agencies have collaborated to issue a
second Five–Year Plan. The purpose of the second Five–Year Plan is to build on the work of the first
plan, make adjustments based on information gained during this period, and plan the next steps in
addressing the most significant risks to human health and the
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The Uranium: The First Atomic Bomb
Uranium was first discovered during the 18th century (Institute for Energy and Environmental
Research). It's a silver–white metal that is radioactive and has high density (Lenntech). However,
scientists studied uranium as it has radioactive properties but have found that uranium is only
harmful if you're exposed to it more often than usual or the natural amount (which I'll go over in the
second paragraph) (Lenntech). Natural uranium has three isotopes (which are essentially different
forms of the same element. While they have the same number of protons, they have a different
number of neutrons): uranium–238, uranium–235, and uranium–234 (Lenntech). Uranium plays a
major role in nuclear reactions and is essential when making nuclear weapons (Institute for Energy
and Environmental Research). In fact, the first atomic bomb that was used during war was an
uranium bomb (Lenntech). Depleted uranium (uranium ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As of lately, alternative techniques have been becoming more popular. An example of this would be
something called in–situ leach mining where leaching liquid (also referred to as solutions) are
poured into deposits to dissolve the uranium. When mining uranium, you have a risk of getting lung
cancer as you are basically inhaling uranium decay (Lenntech). When mining and/or milling, we
release uranium. Tailings from those mines and/or mills can add more uranium in the environment
which can be quite problematic (Institute for Energy and Environmental Research). For example,
those tailings (which will mostly likely contain radioactive materials) can contaminate groundwater
and has been proven to. Water samples that were nearby these tailing pipes were discovered to have
so many materials or "contaminants" that it surpassed the government's acceptable level for drinking
water by hundreds (Institute for Energy and Environmental

Uranium in the Four Corners Essay
Not since the 1980's has a recent surge of uranium mining claims occured in the Four Corners
region. Energy Fuel Resources Inc. has placed its Canyon Mine on standby and expects to resume
shaft sinking operations December of next year, when an official court ruling is made and depending
on market conditions. Earlier this year the Havasupai Tribe and a coalition of conservation groups
sued the United States Forest Service for allowing Energy Fuel Resources Inc. to operate a mine
under a 1986 federal environmental review without tribal consultation. The Canyon mine was
previously in non–operational status due to low uranium stock prices in 1992. Opponents of the
uranium mining operation want the federal environmental review updated and ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
All water is evaporated according to Moore, including rain and snowfall, but opponents of the
mining proposition fear the potential impact uranium could have, claiming that radioactive levels
tend to be above the natural background. Bahr argues that the aquifer protection permit is essentially
a general permit that minimally enforces monitoring and groundwater protection. Referring to
mining industry claims that these sites have minimal surface disturbance Bahr states, "It is blight
upon the land... but it doesn't take much for contamination." Conservation groups argue that
irreversible damage to important waters like Havasu Creek will occur if radioactive contaminants
reach the groundwater that supply springs and seeps in the Grand Canyon. In addition to
environmental concerns, opponents argue that government regulation is too lax and as Bahr states,
"It is all too easy to mine on public lands and the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management
have made it extremely easy to validate claims." Although uranium miners recognize federal
obligations to reclaim operation sites Roger Clark, Grand Canyon Program

Australia’s Potential Uranium Mining Industry
Australia's Potential Uranium Mining Industry
Summary
Australia's Uranium Resource Position Australia is the world‟s richest country in terms of uranium
resources. Australia‟s uranium resources are spread over 85 deposits and accounts for 23% of the
world‟s total resources. Kazakhstan is the current largest producer, producing 40% more tonnes of
uranium than Australia while have considerably less reserves. Canada has the highest grade deposits
but with much less resources than Australia, however they too produce much more uranium. 'Three
Mine Policy' Introduced more than 30 years ago this policy inhibited the growth of Australia‟s
uranium mining industry until 2007. The policy was changed in order to promote the future of
Australia. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(World Nuclear Association 2010: Uranium and Nuclear
Power in Kazakhstan)
Canada Canada has a long history of uranium mining dating back to the 1930‟s. It had the largest
production of uranium for many years until overtaken by Kazakhstan in 2009. (World
Nuclear Association 2010: Uranium in Canada)
Canada has the world‟s largest high grade uranium mine; the McArthur River mine. It is also the
most productive mine and contributed around 15% of world production in 2008. This deposit has
reserves of 168 000 tonnes of uranium at a grade of 21.2%. (InfoMine 2005),
(OECD 2007)
„Three Mines Policy‟
The „Three Mine Policy‟ became effective after the Labor Party was voted into power in 1983. In
the same month as taking office the new Federal Labour Government revoked the negotiating
licences of the uranium companies in Australia. The Ranger and Narbarlek mines were relicensed
after reapplication and in November of 1983
Caucus voted to approve the Roxby Downs project (today known as Olympic Dam) and prevent
the operation of any new uranium mines. In the 1984 ALP National Conference the Government
amended its party platform and its new position became known as the „Three Mines Policy‟.
(Panter, Kay 1994)
In 2007 the newly appointed Prime Minister Kevin Rudd announced a change in uranium mining

policy which led to the end of the 23 year old „Three mine policy‟ in order to promote the future of
Australia. Currently

Uranium Mining In Utah
Uranium mining in Utah started in the 1940's during WWII when uranium was in high demand in
use of bombs. Uranium was found in all parts of Utah in areas like Lisbon Valley, White Canyon
and even a little bit at the highly famous Bingham Canyon Mine. Yet mostly in an area near Moab
that located in the Red Rocks of Southern Utah by a man name Charles Steen. He is the one that
found high uranium deposits in Southern Utah. They call it the "Uranium Boom of 1952" Uranium
is a element that is highly radioactive, which is why it was used during WWII. During World War II
uranium and other highly radioactive supplements, were in very high demand. These radioactive
minerals were used in a way that caused what is called a nuclear explosion. Though,

Essay about Porter's 5 in Mining Industry
1. Porters 5 forces Analysis:
1.1 Buyer power:
The buyers for mining industry usually have medium to high power. There are two elements that
could affect the buyer's power. One is buyer's level of negotiation; the other is buyer's price
sensitivity. In our case, the two companies are producing coal and uranium. These two products are
mainly used for producing electricity. Buyers for these natural resources must have large quantity of
demand, and also they usually have government behind them for negotiation. Even through these
natural resources are unrenewable and limited, there are other mining companies producing them
and these resources are undifferentiated from other companies products. This makes the buyers have
high ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.3 Rivalry among existing firms:
The competition of mining industry is medium to high. One major competition for mining industry
is the competition for resources and mines, which is different from other industries. Since the
resources are limited and unrenewable, together with the continues increasing demand for energy,
such as coal demand of China and India, the battle of exploiting and developing new mines are
intensive. Also, there are many competitors in the industry. However, since the exit barriers are high,
the competition is limited within the existing companies. Companies in the industry might battle for
larger market share but facing little threat of new entries. Thus, the competition in the industry is
concluded as medium to high.
1.4 Threat of new entrants:
New entrants may pose a threat to the company by introducing new innovative products at a
competitive prices and eating into their market share and customer loyalty. The threat of entry for
the coal and uranium industry tends to be low due to high entry barriers. The reason for this is the
government regulations and restriction on coal and uranium mining companies. Resources of coal
and uranium are laminated. The capital expenditure or set up of mining company is very high.
Moreover, mining companies has a high exit cost and that because the use of specialized asset. Also,

Radioactive Waste : Nuclear Power
Radioactive waste
Nuclear Power is one of the only energy producing technology that is held accountable for all
wastes produced; note that, the cost of the waste is accounted for in capital cost. Nuclear power
accumulates relatively minimal amounts of nuclear waste in volume as compared to fossil fuel
generation that produces a large amount of waste and greenhouse gas emissions. The nuclear fuel
waste produced is in part used as an energy source for a fast breeder reactor while the burners' waste
is fully disposed through waste management processes.
Mining and Milling
As part of the process of mining uranium; fine sandy tailings are produced; such materials
encompass all the natural radioactive materials in the uranium ore. The tailings are placed in
engineered tailings dams where they are enclosed with a coat of clay and rock to prevent escape of
radon gas and guarantee durability. The tailings material will be enclosed with water and eventually
the tailings holds approximately 75% of the radioactivity of the original ore. This process described
above is not designated as radioactive waste as stated by the world nuclear association.
Conversion, enrichment, fuel fabrication
The conversion, enrichment and fuel fabrication process includes Uranium Oxide from mining
minerals known as "yellowcake' (U3O8). The yellowcake is stated as being minimally radioactive.
Once the uranium Oxide is refined, it is converted into Uranium Hexafluoride gas (UF6). As
Uranium Hexafluoride

Uranium Mining Impacts
Uranium is most notably recognised for its radioactivity however, when compared with other
radioactive elements, Uranium has quite slow rate of decay (Pappas, 2015). U–235, an isotope of
Uranium, can be used in a fission bomb due to the fact that when its nucleus splits it releases
substantial amounts of energy. The most infamous example of how uranium has been used in this
way is the atomic uranium bomb that was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan by the U.S in 1945 (Atomic
Heritage Foundation, n.d.). Furthermore, the same properties that allow uranium to be used in a
bomb, are valued in the world of nuclear energy. Nuclear power stations use energy from uranium to
produce electricity and this production accounts for approximately 11 percent of the ... Show more
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Parts of the Finniss River have been contaminated as a result of acids draining into the system. Here,
acid mine drainage has leached as a by–product of the Rum Jungle mine and has been toxic to the
aquatic ecosystem and its vegetation and fauna (ABC News, 2016). Furthermore, low–level
radiation was detected in in the area which resulted in the popular Rum Jungle South Recreation
Reserve being shut down (Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 2014). Additionally, The Olympic
Dam mining centre located in South Australia is home to the largest known single uranium deposit
in the world as well as a metallurgical processing plant (Mining Technology, n.d.). Olympic Dam
has a significant impact on the South Australian environment, with a water consumption rate of
more than 35 million litres daily, from bore fields at southern end of the Great Artesian Basin. This
figure makes it the largest industrial consumer of underground water in the Southern Hemisphere
(Australian Map of Nuclear and Uranium Sites, 2013). The Great Artesian Basin supports a number
springs, which in turn support smaller wetlands and creeks. The water use at Olympic dam has
negatively influenced the health of these springs by reducing the flow of water through them and
therefore the wildlife that rely on them (Mudd,

Dissertation on Uranium and its Isotopes Essay
1 Introduction
Uranium (U) has received much focus from scientists to government officials throughout the world
since the discovery of fission. With attention increasing on uranium, specifically the fissile isotope
235, ideas of controlling acquisition was brought forth. It was suggested by scientists of the
Manhattan Project that some organized system of control was needed on nuclear technology,
including uranium [citation needed]. The Acheson–Lillienthal report (look up report) described the
imperfect nature of technology controls, and suggested an approach focused more on material
controls [citation needed]. While the current International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
safeguards system takes advantage of material controls, accounting ... Show more content on
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1.1 Natural Uranium Variations in Geologic Ores Uranium consists of four naturally occurring
isotopes (238U, 235U, 234U, and 236U), with multiple oxidation states. Variations in uranium
isotopics are unique in that both chemical (redox interactions) and nuclear processes (decay and
volume–fractionation) play an important role. Four oxidation states known for uranium ions in
aqueous solutions (+III to +VI) which usually exist as U+3, U+4, UO2+, and UO2+2 [Gindler,
1978]. Under oxidizing conditions, uranium is primarily present in the hexavalent (VI) state, which
can form highly mobile soluble complexes (primarily with carbonates) [Langmuir, 1997]. In a
reducing environment, however, uranium will primarily occur in the tetravalent (IV) state. U+4
tends to form relatively insoluble complexes and has higher sorption kinetics compared to the
hexavalent state [Langmuir, 1997].
With an increase in measurement capabilities, all three isotopic ratios (relative to 238U) have been
shown to naturally vary in some degree due to various factors. The first uranium isotopic that was
discovered to have natural variation was 234U/238U, the increased abundance of 234U in seawater
(~15%) perhaps being the best example [Chen et al., 1986]. Variations in 234U are a consequence of
an increased mobility of 234U relative to other uranium isotopes due to redox interactions.
Production of 234U occurs through α–decay of 238U, which subsequently results

The Pros And Cons Of Uranium Mining In Australia
Uranium has become a big issue as alternative energy resources in the future due to the shortage of
fossil fuel as primary energy resources in the world. Australia is one of countries that have the
largest uranium deposits in the globe. So, Australia has a big opportunity to make a lot of money
from uranium exports to other countries. On the other hand, The Australian Government is still
debating about this issue because of negative impact on uranium mining and exploration. For these
reasons, some people believe that uranium mining has more positive impacts on economic such as,
benefits from uranium exports and increase a new job opportunity. However, this essay will argue
that provide certain restrictions on the nuclear weapons use of ... Show more content on
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So, some people think that there should not be limitations on mining of uranium. Another arguments
against the limitations on uranium mining in Australia is that uranium mining can increase job
oppurtunity to local people in Australia. According to Greenpeace Australia Pacific (2006), the
uranium industry could create a large number of job opportunity because energy resource industry
need a lot of employees to support that business. If the Australian Government expand their uranium
mining it will create potential local job and it would be one solution to solve the unemployment
problems. So, some people believe that the limitations of uranium mining is not necessary because it
can reduce the job opportunity in Australia. These economic concerns are important in the uranium
mining because it can make huge profits from that industry and solve the unemployment problem as
well. However, there are some important aspects that must be considered such as, uranium as main
materials for nuclear weapons, the nuclear power is not efficient and effective, and the harmful
radiation from the mining of uranium. The first reason why some people argue for greater
restrictions on uranium mining is due to uranium has used for nuclear weapons production.
According to International Journal of Environmental Studies (2006), nuclear power

The Chernobyl Disaster And The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
Uranium, which is the ninety–second element on the periodic table, is a very interesting element.
The radioactive uranium is used in atomic bombs. Also, people use it in what is called nuclear
power, an energy source that fourteen percent of the world uses. (NPR 3) In a nuclear power plant, a
process called fission that uses uranium is used to generate power. During fission, each uranium
atom is bombarded by neutrons, causing each uranium atom to turn into one atom of barium, one
atom of krypton, and three neutrons. These three neutrons bombard other uranium atoms, resulting
in more neutrons being produced and creating a chain reaction. Each time the uranium atom split,
energy is released. The leftover atoms are called nuclear waste. ... Show more content on
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As I mentioned before, uranium is used in atomic bombs. So, uranium mines are very dangerous and
nuclear power is not safe. Right? I disagree. Uranium mines have created ways to reduce radiation
levels to their workers whenever they can and limits as how much radiation is allowed in a uranium
mine. Also, people have spent over forty years already creating safety regulations for uranium
mines. Finally, there is not enough uranium in a uranium mine for either of those to blow up like an
atomic bomb. (World Nuclear Association 4) As a result of these safety protections during uranium
mining, there has only been 371 deaths due to uranium mining contamination between 1950 and
2000, which is an average of around only 7.42 deaths per year. (Motherboard 2) In comparison, coal
mining had an average of 16 deaths per year in 2014. (MSHA

Argumentative Essay On Nuclear Energy
Energy is one of the most viable resources in our modern powered world. "In 2015, The US Energy
Information Administration reported that the modern world consumed 575 quadrillion British
thermal units (Btu). That figure is projected to increase by 28% to 736 quadrillion Btu by the year
2040" (US Energy Info Admin. 2017). Our high consumption of fossil fuels to power our modern
world produces large amounts of carbon dioxide, which scientists say contribute to climate change.
Currently, a debate rages over climate change and the need to reduce our emissions. On both sides
of that debate are people who favor nuclear power as a cleaner and renewable resource and those
who oppose it due to fears of environmental catastrophes. While nuclear energy is an efficient and
more powerful sustainable energy source, it is environmentally dangerous and expensive to build,
use and decommission.
Nuclear energy is energy produced from an atomic reaction through a process of fission. The
splitting of uranium atoms produces a lot of heat. Nuclear power plants use this heat to produce
steam to run the turbines that create electricity. This form of energy lowers our greenhouse
emissions by reducing our use of fossil fuels like coal and oil. It is the largest clean–air energy
source that does not emit carbon dioxide and the only one that is capable of producing large and
continuous amounts of electricity. The Nuclear Energy Institute estimates that using nuclear power
saves roughly 2.4 billion tons

Uranium Mining On The Navajo Nation
Uranium Mining on The Navajo Nation Uranium mining on the Navajo Nation has had a negative
impact on the land, the animals, and the people. Although it brought jobs to the surrounding
communities, and made it possible for men to provide for their families, it also brought devastation
that has haunted the people for the past fifty years. Uranium mining on the Navajo Nation began
during the year 1948 when it was first discovered by a group of surveyors near a town called Cove,
Arizona. That discovery led to many more discoveries throughout the Navajo Nation in places like
Monument
Valley, Utah, Kayenta, Arizona, Shiprock, New Mexico, and Church Rock, New Mexico.
Uranium mining on the Navajo Nation was put to a stop during the year 2005

Persuasive Essay On Grand Canyons
The world is full of wonderful and amazing natural scenery, many of them located in the United
States. One of these is the Grand Canyon. Just imagine an amazing view, with a gorgeous desert and
mountainous landscape in the background. When you look down, there is an amazing canyon with a
river on the bottom and so breathtaking that it makes people feel like they could become an eagle
and just soar around this beautiful place. There are animals, birds, trees and so much beauty that it
could inspire anyone to do anything. It is one of the most awe–inspiring places I've ever been in and
would recommend it to all. But now imagine looking at this with a radioactive suit on, and looking
more like a wasteland. There are many dangers, mostly human produced, surrounding beautiful
places like this, and in the Grand Canyons case, one of these dangers is uranium mining. This
activity produces many health and environment hazards that could destroy one ... Show more
For example, there was a dam break in 1979 In New Mexico that released radioactive waste water in
to the Little Colorado River. There are four streams in the Grand Canyon park that are currently
suffering from contamination by the mining activity. In Utah, they are still trying to clean up one of
the nation's first mines in Moab and in Colorado, neighbors of a small community of Lincoln Park
have had to stop drinking well water because of contamination (Anna Aurilio et all 2).
Many groups and environmentalists have been fighting these mines and have had success and draw
backs. In a story provided by Warren Day and Jennifer Lavista, from the USGS, they state that the
Secretary of State in 2012 withdrew all federal lands from any uranium mining petitions to be able
to better study the effects for at least 20 years. While this was somewhat a victory, the setback was
that current opened mines could stay

Depleted Uranium Research Paper
Overview
Depleted uranium, referred here as DU, is a by–product of the naturally produced element uranium,
a member of the periodic table. Exposure to DU is commonly talked about by almost everyone in
the military spending time out of the wire, however, not limited to only those combat service
members.
Uranium History and Beginning Risks
Before going straight in on the subject of DU, it would be appropriate to explain it's parent. Uranium
goes back many centuries. According to Briner (2010), Uranium assisted the Germans in the
creation of certain textiles and paint in the 1500s. Miners were needed to retrieve this element and
over time lung cancer set in the miners due to radioactive dust from uranium (p. 304). Later in time,
the United States took interest in uranium. According to Brugge & Goble (2002), it was in 1948 the
uranium mining boom started exposing people to radiation dust leading to lung cancer, similar
situation to Germany.
DU and the Idea
DU is the waste product of Uranium and serves many advantages to the military. According to
Briner (2010), The Gulf War in 1990 began the introduction of DU in munitions and armor. DU
provided a massive advantage over enemy armored vehicles and oppositely, DU armor protected US
military vehicles from enemy munitions (p. 304–305). However, the application of DU is ... Show
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According to (Depleted uranium : Sources, exposure and health effects, 2001), DU was not really a
big until the military started using it in war. DU is known have less than half the radiation of natural
uranium (p. iii). Studies show the inhalation of DU is the most dangerous type of exposure. Intake
via food and water would be the next. It would be intersting to know that DU will not pass through
skin and infect the body (p. iv). While DU has risks, it also acts as a safety curtain. DU acts as a
radiation shield while dentists work with gamma radiation and during transportation of nuclear
sources (p.

Radioactive Decay Honors
8.01 Half–Life and Radioactive Decay Honors
By: Amanda Sirianni
Naturally Occurring Radiation
Uranium:
1: Where is this substance most likely found, and how abundant is it?
Uranium can be found in a lot of places in small quantities such as rocks, soil, and water. However,
its harder to find uranium in amounts that are worth the trouble.
2: What type of decay does this substance undergo, and how harmful can it be to those exposed?
Naturally forming uranium undergoes radioactive decay by emission of an alpha particle and gamma
radiation. As the decay continues, it releases radiation.This is an extreme health issue that, in large
amounts, can cause cancer and liver damage.
3: What can be done to protect against the radiation produced by this isotope?
To avoid harmful uranium, people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Is it used in the medical, industrial, scientific, or other fields?
Uranium can be used to produce nuclear energy, it's renewable, and it means less pollution which in
turn helps the environment.
Radiation Used by Humans and Technology
The use of iodine–131 in the medical field
1:What careers or fields use this type of radiation, and why is it used?
Doctors use Iodine–131. Iodine–131 can be used to treat someone with hyperthyroidism. It can also
be used to treat thyroid cancer. It can also be used as a type of medical imaging.
2:What are the benefits and risks associated with using this material, and how common is its use?
This material is used quite frequently as it can heal sick people. There are a few risks, but it's mostly
little things. A sore throat feeling can be a side effect.
However, there can be some more serious ramifications such as a loss of the thyroid gland all
together.
3&4: What waste materials, if any, are produced by the use of this substance, and how is the waste
handled and disposed of? What other important information should we be aware of regarding this
particular material and its

Uranium Mining in Australia Essay
To what extent should there be limitation on the mining of uranium in Australia ?
Uranium has become a big issue as an alternative energy resource in the future due to the shortage
of fossil fuel as a primary energy resource in the world. Australia is one of country that has the
largest uranium deposits in the globe. So, Australia has important opportunity to make a lot of
money from uranium exports to other countries. However, the Australian Government is still
debating this issue because of the negative impact of uranium mining and exploration. For these
reason, some people believe that uranium mining has more positive impacts on the economy such
as, income benefits from uranium exports and an increase a new job opportunities. However, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They also point out that the industry has forty per cent of the world uranium reserves. Based on that
reasons, the uranium industry in Australia could make a big profit from export of uranium if the
government takes it seriously. Also, they should be good regulation for uranium trading such as
local trading and international trading. So, some people think that there should not be limitations on
mining of uranium. Another argument against the limitations on uranium mining in Australia is that
uranium mining can increase job opportunities to local people in Australia. According to Greenpeace
Australia Pacific (2006), the uranium industry could create a large number of job opportunities
because this industry needs a lot of employees to support this industry. If the Australian Government
expands its uranium mining, it will create potential local jobs and it would be one solution to solve
the unemployment problem. So, some people believe that the limitation of uranium mining is not
necessary because it can reduce job opportunities in Australia. These economic concerns are
important in the uranium mining debate because the Australian Government can make huge profits
from that industry and solve the unemployment problem as well. However, there are some important
aspects that must be considered such as, uranium as the main material for nuclear weapons, nuclear
power is not efficient or effective, and there is harmful radiation from the mining of uranium. The
first reason

The Expanding Demand for Energy and Other Services in...
Introduction
In today's modern society our needs and demands are infinite and fulfilling them can become a
daunting task for any developing country or nation. The Australian Federal Government is
confronted with these endless demands daily and must make decisions that are both advantageous
towards the Australian public and satisfies the rudimentary requirements and necessities of the
nation. Energy is a primary need that the Australian public requires daily and the procedures of
generating the immense amounts of electricity required for powering every day necessities is
currently being produced by the usage of fossil fuels, which has been validated to be an inefficient
method of producing energy. Nuclear energy offers a resolution and ... Show more content on
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Although the construction procedure of nuclear power plants will substantially deplete the countries
funds, they will eventually become a beneficial asset, producing more kilowatts than coal, wind or
solar (Burgess, 2013). As more plants are manufactured, it's anticipated that construction costs will
decline, making the expense of nuclear generated electricity that much more interesting towards the
general public, resulting in a more profitable solution towards generating energy (Burgess, 2013).
Aiding construction is jobs, therefore raising Australia's current employment rate and boosting the
economy. It will also diminish global warming, revoking Australia form the carbon tax or carbon
emissions trading. Australia holds about 40 per cent of the world's uranium deposits therefore
opening Australia to possible trade with other countries and supplying ourselves with a substantial
amount of fuel that nuclear power plants require (Hawke, 2014). Mining the uranium will supply the
Australian mining workforce jobs, also raising our current employment rate. Former Prime Minister
and former Labour leader Bob Hawke suggested to the Cooperative Research Centres Association
that Australia should embrace nuclear power and quoted "This is a case where in doing good for the
rest of the world, we can, in the process, do

Navajo People : Health Effects Of Uranium Mining
Navajo People: Health Effects of Uranium Mining
The growing demand for consumer goods, such as electricity, fuel for vehicles, plastics and
petrochemical products, etc., threatens the biodiversity. It also threatens the ecosystems and effects
the environmental health. Many Navajo people traveled to mines off the reservation seeking work
and would often move their families with them in mine camps. The mineworkers, the only job that
was available, were paid at an hourly wage was less than a dollar. The jobs included blasters, timber
men, muckers, transporters, and millers. Other health hazards have emerged, in particular uranium
mining. The hazards of uranium mining have caused serious respiratory disease and that other
respiratory illnesses, including silicosis, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and emphysema, were causing
deaths in uranium mineworkers at rates approaching those from lung cancer.
Though, there were more than 1000 abandoned uranium mines are on Navajo Reservation, over 7
million tons of uranium ore were extracted from Navajo lands and approximate 750 mines in
operation. Uranium has been extracted from open–pits and underground mines. The milling process
extracts uranium oxide from ore to form yellowcake, a yellow or brown powder that contains about
90 percent uranium oxide. The total volume of mill tailings generated in the U.S. is over 95 percent
of the volume of all radioactive waste from all power production.
Uranium is a very heavy metal which can

Business Description
1. Business and Product Description
Cameco (Acquirer)
Businese Overview
* One of the largest uranium exploration and process for nuclear plants * Production and
distribution of components of nuclear reactors and unique alloy products (Mlb) * Proven and
Probable 465 * M&I 244 * Inferred 287 * 2012 Production 21.9 * Fuel Service * Cameco is a
major supplier of Uranium processing service, offering fuel refining, coversion, manufacturing and
generation of uranium concentrate and sales of conversion. * Electricity (Generation and Sale of
Electricity) * 31.6% in BruceBruce Power Limited Partnership (South Ontario)
* Uranium segment carries about 66.61% of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the process of selection, Paladin came into sight with two reasons. First, as a uranium company,
Paladin holds sizeable reserves with high expected production growth rate and therefore fit
Cameco's growth strategy. Second, Paladin is currently deeply undervalued. Combined with the
bullish expectation about the future of uranium industry, making a bid for Paladin now is consistent
with Cameco's acquisition strategy to undertake an acquisition at the right time and the right price.
Paladin Energy Ltd (PDN) (Target)
Businese Overview
Its main business activities engage in acquisition, exploration, evaluation, development and
operation of uranium * Uranium Production * Namibia & Malawi projects (Major projects)
Aurora Project etc (Developing) * Reserves (Mlb) * M&I 378.07 * 2012 Production 6.9 *
Inferred 150.7
Namibian project * Stage 2 construction has completed, which increased its production from 2.6
Mlb to 3.7Mlb. * The commencing stage 3 construction would raise its production of 3.7Mlb to
5.2Mlb. * Completion of stage 4 construction by 2014 would bring up to 10Mlb U3O8 production. *
This segment takes about 65.39% of total annual revenue (2011 figure).
Kayelekera Mine * The first commercial mining venture for Malawi, where has accounted for
around 34.61% of the total revenue of PDN (2011 figure). * PDN holds the Kayelekera Mine
licence.

Paladin's

The Pros And Cons Of Uranium Mining In Australia
Energy– Everyone needs it. The major challenge for the 21st century however, is generating this
energy with the lowest impact on human and ecological health. A number of differing production
methods have been derived in response to this, one of the most controversial of which is Nuclear
energy supplied through Uranium mining. This is a uniquely topical issue in Australia, on account of
the sheer amount of Uranium held in Australia's borders (30% of the world's reserves) and its
potential impact on Australia's economy (4), the politicised and partisan nature of nuclear debate,
along with longstanding opposition associated with such striking international disasters as the
Chernobyl and, more recently, Fukushima events (1). With such significant ... Show more content on
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One significant advantage of nuclear energy through the mining of Uranium is its carbon neutral
energy production property (3). However, during a meltdown or another catastrophe, Nuclear
reactors have the capacity to release significant amounts of toxic radioactive isotopes, such as
Strontium 90, Cadmium 113 and Caesium 137, which has the potential to cause significant harm to
health (2) and biodiversity (11). Coal on the other hand is a well–documented releaser of greenhouse
gasses, with one tonne of coal generating 2.6 tonnes of CO2 alone. Globally, this accounts for 6.4
billion tonnes of CO2 per year, with this value progressively increasing (5). Further, the use of coal
in electricity production results in the release of particulates into surrounding areas. Particularly in
third world and developing nations where regulation on pollution is lax, this causes major tangible
health risks to those who live near the plants– a report by the World Health Organisation estimates
that deaths directly related to outdoor pollution from Coal–based electricity generation amounts to
approximately 2 million deaths per year

Why Do Nuclear Power Plants Go Wrong
From an environmental standpoint nuclear power plants are extremely clean when it comes to
electrical power generation. However, there are a lot of ways where nuclear power plants can go
wrong. Improperly functioning a nuclear power plant can create problematic situations. Take the
Chernobyl disaster for instance, because of their poorly designed nuclear power plant it released
tons of radioactivity which scattered across the atmosphere. This resulted in everyone leaving the
city. Another recent incident was in Fukushima (Japan), a tsunami hit the nuclear power plants
which caused the tins to break and release radioactivity as well. Still to this day there is radioactive
dust scattered all over the ground. Moreover, mining and purifying uranium

Should We Build A Nuclear Power Plant In Pennsylvania?
I am against building another nuclear power plant in East Pennsboro Township, Pennsylvania. I
think that the risks nuclear power brings far outweigh the positives of it. There have already been
nuclear accidents that have made a town completely poisonous, like Chernobyl. There have also
been accidents that put the surrounding area at risk for radioactivity and scared thousands of people.
Three Mile Island was an example of this. We do not want people who live near a nuclear power
plant to be afraid to live in their own homes due to the risk of a nuclear accident. I think we should
put a stop to nuclear power in Pennsylvania so we don't put ourselves at risk for an accident,
because it's not worth it. There are also risks of nuclear power affecting the ... Show more content on
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Yes, nuclear power does not release greenhouse gasses into the environment, but it does release
other harmful substances. First, the process of mining and transporting uranium can be very dirty
and even dangerous. Second, the waste that nuclear power produces can be very dangerous. If we
build more power plants, more radioactive waste will pile up, since it lasts between 200–500
thousand years. If too much of this waste piles up, where are we going to put it? We can't just put
radioactive waste anywhere. Third, one of the biggest problems with nuclear power is nuclear
accidents. Yes, they may not happen often, but if more power plants are being built, the more at risk
we are for a nuclear accident. Nuclear accidents can be solved with quick actions, but if not dealt
with right away, nuclear accidents can poison the surrounding land for miles and make it
uninhabitable for thousands of years. Fourth, nuclear power plants are a potential target for
terrorists. Terrorists could use ground attacks on equipment which could lead to a reactor core
meltdown or external attacks such as an aircraft crash into a

Nuclear Energy Synthesis Essay
Across the United States 104 nuclear reactors generate around 20% of the nation's electricity. While
worldwide 436 nuclear reactors generate about 15% of the world's supply every year (Carson).
Some people feel as though we need to expand the fleet of nuclear reactors and increase nuclear
power production. Nuclear energy may be one of the best ways to combat global warming and
reduce CO2 emissions, however if the radiation and nuclear waste that it produces is better for our
environment than the CO2 is still uncertain. In the United States the nuclear power plants use
uranium–235 as the nuclear fuel to produce energy. Most of the uranium that the United States uses
is found in Wyoming and New Mexico (Nuclear Energy). U–235 is mined using methods similar to
other ores. However when the uranium is mined it can expose the miners to radiation. ... Show more
The spent fuel rods and the other products produced by the nuclear fuel process are highly reactive.
This waste must be stored in very safe and secure locations for tens of thousands of years, which is
periods "longer than the history of most governments the world has seen" as the former Atomic
Energy Commission put it (Carson). The uranium that is used in the reactors has a half life, that is
long it takes for half the nuclei in the radioactive material to decay, of 10,000 years, while
plutonium, another nuclear fuel, has a half life close to 25,000 (Carson). Some say that it is too
much of a burden to place on future generations to be able to properly monitor and maintain waste
dumps that will last 20 times the length of known civilization. As Michio Kaku put it in Nuclear
Power: Both Sides "The controversy surrounding [nuclear] waste boils down to one question– can
we trust and man made structure to isolate high–level waste for tens of thousands of years given our
always–changing social institutions and the vagaries of war, revolutions, and social upheavals"

What Is False Uranium Mining?
My family has been a part of the mining industry for most of my life I myself live near many of the
uranium mining areas. Through these affiliations I have learned some of the processes by which
uranium is mined. There are two different ways to mine uranium, the first way is to mine it is much
like how coal is mined. Depending of the depth of the uranium it can either be mined by using
surface mining (open pit) or sub surface mining (underground). The ore is removed by blasting and
drilling than the ore is moved to the surface. After words it is ground up and mixed with chemicals
to separate the uranium from the rock. The second way is that they drill a hole into the ground than
pumping a chemical solution through the hole to chemically bind

The Navajo People Are The Largest Native American Tribe
The Navajo people are the largest Native American tribe in the United States, now with over
300,000 members. They are native to a large chunk of Southwestern United States, mostly in New
Mexico and Arizona, but also partially in Utah and Colorado. It was sometime between 1100 – 1500
A.D. when a distinguishable Navajo culture began to appear. The first Western contact that is known
with the Navajo occurred near 1581 – 1583 A.D. Historians believe that the Navajo were relatively
peaceful with their new Spanish neighbors. However there were some times over the centuries after
the Spanish settlement in which the Navajo fought Spanish settlers to retain their land.
The Navajo's first contact with the United States came during the Mexican American War. The area
where the Navajo lived was seen as a strategic area for the United States military. Troops were
therefore brought to Navajo land to form treaties with them. Both sides more or less ignored these
treaties. Navajo groups and New Mexican settlers would often clash. The United States government
began mobilizing troops to New Mexico, and proceeded to establish military bases there. This
initially established a precedence that the government could take advantage of the Navajo people.
For the most part, the Navajo wanted to avoid any conflict, and the United States government chose
to exploit this.
Uranium is a naturally occuring chemical element that can be mined from ore in many parts of the
Southwestern United States where

Nuclear Energy In Australia Essay
Introduction
Recently, there has been debates on whether or not Australia should result to nuclear energy for
some of its energy source. The main issue is to do with the risk when nuclear energy is used. The
chance of a nuclear disaster in a nuclear power plant is actually incredibly small, however, if the risk
does occur, the consequence is devastating. (Gary Was, 2015). Australia also currently has no
nuclear power generators, which is a surprise since it owns about 31% of the world's uranium
resources. (Wikipedia, Last Modified 16 July 2015). Back in February 8th this year, Premier Jay
Weatherill, said that there would be a, "mature and robust conversation" about South Australia's
future participation in a nuclear fuel cycle, including the prospects for setting up nuclear power
stations, uranium enrichment plants and a nuclear waste dump in the state. (George Lekakis, 2015).
How it works
Nuclear power plants work by turning water into steam. This steam then turns the turbine generators
which produce the electricity. This works much like a fossil fuel way of ... Show more content on
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Australia has a known estimated 1.66Mt (million tonnes) of uranium, and possibly more, which
adds up to about 31% of the world's uranium resources (as of 2011), (mining–technology.com,
2014). There are currently in Australia, three operating mines. These mines are: Ranger mine in
Kakadu, Northern Territory, mining 1,113 tonnes of uranium oxide from 2013 – 2014. (World
Nuclear Association, updated July 2015). Olympic Dam mine, South Australia, mining about 3,988
tonnes of uranium oxide from 2013 – 2014 (World Nuclear Association, updated July 2015). And
lastly, Beverley mine, again in South Australia, and mining 188 tonnes of uranium oxide from 2013
– 2014 (World Nuclear Association, updated July

Nuclear Energy Pros And Cons
Some may ask what is nuclear energy the dictionary defines this as:
nuclear energy
n.
1. The energy released by a nuclear reaction, especially by fission or fusion.
2. Nuclear energy regarded as a source of power. Also called atomic energy
Nuclear power was first known to be researched in the early 1900's, and by the world war; it reached
its greatest peak by demonstrating to the world its power to destroy. Nuclear energy can be good or
bad, depending on how the person works with this material; it is used for both sides good and bad.
Scientists were unsure from the beginning of how it was possible to get energy from the material
called Uranium. They were sure that with its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
States have fought DOE's efforts on the grounds that the site is unsafe, pointing to potential
activities earthquakes, volcano's, water infiltration, underground flooding, nuclear chain reactions,
and fossil fuels and mineral deposits that might encourage human intrusion in the future.
However, DOE contends that the evidence so far indicates that the places that they have chosen are
likely to prove suitable and that studies of the site should continue.
The safety of geological disposal of highly radioactive waste depends highly on the characteristics
of the rock formations around it from which a repository would be hollowed out. Many geological
formations are believed to have remained undisturbed for millions and millions of years, it appeared
technically possible to isolate radioactive materials from the environment until they decayed high
enough so that the level of the radioactive material is not harmful.
Scientific confidence about the subject on the deep geologic disposal has been more difficult to
apply to specific sites. Every high–level waste site that has been proposed by DOE discoveries of
unacceptable flaws, such as groundwater flows or earthquake vulnerability, that could release
radioactivity into the environment, this is not good for nature.
Their are both pro's and con's

Summary: Mistreatment Of Indigenous People Or Resources
People or Resources
The mistreatments of Indigenous People are highlighted in Claudia Rowe's article "Coal Mining on
Navajo Nation in Arizona Takes Heavy Toll" and Anne Minard's article "Navajo Nation Slams Door
on Deal That Would Have Allowed Uranium Mining". Even though the Navajo and the Hopi existed
on the land before foreign explorers settled, they are currently given small portions of land and are
constantly fighting to survive. Without help or support from the government, Indigenous people
struggle to keep their land and fend off big companies from taking it from them. "Most U.S history
textbooks acknowledge the devastation of America's indigenous peoples, the forced relocations and
exploitation that left tribes corralled on remote ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Past uranium mining has contaminated homes, land, and soil at 520 cites across the Navajo
Nation... drinking water from at least 22 wells are unfit for consumption... and researchers have
documented numerous cancers... among Navajo people attributable to radiation" (Minard, 2). On the
other hand, the health effects of coal "emissions result in asthma, bronchitis, heart attack, and
premature death" (Rowe, 2). With the extreme dependence on coal for energy in Arizona the health
effects of the mining are not researched because without coal many cities will not have energy.
"There are no independent studies showing the impact of the mines on the health of the people in the
tribal lands" (Rowe, 2). This illustrates a huge point in the exploitation of the Indigenous people.
Showing how the government and big companies only care about profit and providing cities with
power rather than the health of the Navajo and Hopi who provide this resource. The Indigenous
People's health is not a priority but their manual labor is crucial for the company's profit. So until
there are not enough Indigenous People to work the mines their health will not be a prime

Uranium Mining Essay
Uranium was discovered by Martin Klaproth in 1789. Klaproth was a German Chemist that
discovered Uranium in a mineral call pitchblende. It was named after Uranus, the planet, which had
been discovered eight years earlier. Uranium occurs in most rocks in concentrations of 2 to 4 parts
per million and is common in the Earth's crust. This highly density element is used in keels of yachts
and as counterweights for aircraft control surfaces, as well as for radiation shielding. This element
principal uses is in fuel for nuclear reactors and the main raw material for nuclear weapons.
Depleted uranium is the waste product of uranium enrichment in nuclear reactors. It is the residue
left in massive quantities when bomb–grade uranium is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It can combine with and bind citrates and carbonates in your body. It can deposit in your liver,
spleen, and kidneys. This can be caused by breathing in uranium dusts or by eating substances
containing the element. Uranium mining is a major occupation where people are dealing with this
element in the industry world. Overexposures to this hazard is dealt with when mining. Major
mining are done in Australia and Canada, which has been done for over 40 years. Safety regulations
today are among the most comprehensive and stringent in the world. It has been reported due to
inspections that radiation doses in the mines are well within regulatory limits. In occupational
settings, the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) regulates the limits of worker exposures
based on the solubility of the uranium compound. The Department of Energy (DOE) has issued
regulations applicable to its facilities that limit environmental discharges and worker exposure to
uranium isotopes. OSHA has established the permissible exposure level (PEL) for airborne uranium
in the workplace as 0.25 milligrams cubic meter at a time weighted average (TWA) of a 40 – hour
workweek. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established a maximum contaminant level
(MCL) for uranium of 30 micrograms per liter (µg/L) in drinking water. The MCL is the maximum
permissible level of a contaminant in water that is delivered to any user of a public water system.
EPA finalized this MCL for

The Mining Of Uranium Mining
Uranium Mining Uranium ore can be mined underground or open–cut, this is dependent on the
depth, which the uranium is at. In general, open pit mining is used where the deposits are close to
the earth surface, whereas the underground mining is used for deep deposits on average greater than
100 meters deep. Open–pit mining requires the removal of soil and waste rock on top of the ore to
expose the hard rock. Then a pit is dug to access the ore, where the walls of the pit are mined in a
series of benches to prevent them from collapsing. This is also done so that the workers can mine
each bench by drilling holes into the rock and panting explosives, which are detonated to break up
the rock. The broken rock is brought to the surface in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the concentration of the uranium mined is very high, the radioactivity is a potential hazard,
hence there are precautions taken during the mining and milling process to protect the health of the
workers. The first and foremost is forced ventilation in the underground mines, to ensure that there
is no radioactive particle being breathed in. Efficient dust control as the dust may contain
radioactive particles and emit radon gas. Keeping workers safe by setting a limit to the radiation
exposure in mines and mills as well as routine monitoring of air, dust and surface contamination is
undertaken. In Canada, this means that in area of high concentration of uranium, it is mined by
remote control technology. Of course, working in a mine, the workers are given the equipment and
technology necessary to meet the radioactive conditions. At last, there are designated employees
(those that are exposed to uranium) are monitored for radiation contamination as well as personal
dosimeters are worn to measure exposure to gamma radiation. Canadian mines and mill facilities are
designed to handle uranium ore grades up to 26%. Other method of mining in many places, if
geological conditions allow uranium to be dissolved from the ore by pumping oxygenated
groundwater through a porous ore body to dissolve

Pros And Cons Of Nuclear Radiation
Nuclear Radiation – Good or Bad? Nuclear Radiation Nuclear radiation is the process by which an
unstable isotope loses energy. There are three types of radiation, alpha, beta and gamma. Alpha is
the weakest, gamma is the strongest (can pass through almost anything) Dangerous radiation Alpha
radiation can be highly dangerous when ingested whereas gamma radiation can inflict damage
externally with its ability to pass through almost any surface. Inhaling alpha radiation can cause lung
cancer. The most common way of inhaling alpha radiation is through tobacco smoke. If water
becomes contaminated by alpha radiation, if consumed, can cause kidney and chromosol damage.
Gamma radiation can cause radiation poising. Side effects of this could be nausea, vomiting,
bleeding, mouth sores, nausea, diarrhea and loss of hair. Xenon– 133 Atomic number – 54 Xenon
133 emits ionizing particles to lose energy and become stable. It emits beta radiation and a small
amount of gamma radiation when it decays. After decaying is becomes the stable isotope Cesium–
133. It has a half–life of 5.243 days. Xenon–133 is primarily used for imaging the lungs and
assessing pulmonary function. The gas doesn't occur in the body nor is used by the body, the gas
passes through the cell membranes in the human body and has a better solubility in body fats than in
blood or plasma. If you had a sample of Xenon–133 in your pocket then you might experience
coughing, difficulty with swallowing, dizziness, fast

The Environmental Protection Agency ( Epa )
Radiation Cleanup Organizations The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates that there
are over one thousand sites in the United States contaminated with radionuclides. Many of these
contaminated sites have been thoroughly cleaned in a process to decontaminate the site to meet
certain standards. These locations vary in size ranging from a small laboratory to a decommissioned
nuclear power plant and even a large scale nuclear weapons facility. The Department of Energy
(DOE) along with many other government agencies understands the risk involved with exposure to
large doses of radiation and has established cleanup programs throughout the Unites States. These
cleanup programs are responsible for decontaminating the site to ensure the public is safe from
radiation exposure. The following describes radioactive cleanup programs in the United States, and
the huge role they play in keeping the nuclear industry as safe as possible. One of the oldest
radionuclide cleanup programs is the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action Program (FUSRAP).
The FUSRAP is a predecessor of both the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) and the Manhattan
Engineering District. The Atomic Energy Commission and the Manhattan Engineering District
conducted cleanup programs in the 1940s and 1950s targeting the production of uranium and
thorium, along with their storage. While the Atomic Energy Commission and the Manhattan
Engineering District did everything they could to meet health and safety

Essay about The Need for Some Restriction on Uranium...
Uranium is a common naturally occurring radioactive element in the earth's crust. It was initially
used to coloring glass or ceramic glaze (M. Eisenbud & T. Gesell 1963: 319), whereas it became the
nuclear fuel used in nuclear reactors and atomic bomb until 1939 when O. Hahn and F. Strassmann
discovered the nuclear fission of uranium, and its released tremendous energy can be used for
generate electricity or as a weapon. Even there occurred such a speech, 'who owns the uranium
could be the world' (T. Zoellner 2009). Therefore, the world has entered a uranium mining boom.
Meantime, it also has given rise to people's discussions whether the uranium mining should be on a
large scale without restrictions. Some people believe that uranium ... Show more content on
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In the first place, uranium mining could produce huge economic benefits to Australia. Worldwide
uranium resources are mainly distributed in the United States, Canada, South Africa, South–West
Africa, Australia and other countries and regions. The uranium reserves of Australia accounting for
23% of total are the world's largest, and the producing from mines of Australia are occupied 19.2
percent roughly of the world's uranium, just followed Canada. In the period 2008–2009, Australia
generate over A$ 1 billion of export revenue by producing more than 10,000 tons of uranium oxide
(NOVA science in the news 2009). Therefore, the uranium mining is considered as an important
industry in Australia export.
In the second place, uranium mining may ease the air pollution to some extent. The worldwide
uranium mining is mostly used in nuclear power station, which is unlikely to coal–fired power
stations that generate carbon dioxide and atmospheric pollution. It could cut down 4.0 million tons
of carbon dioxide if coals are replaced by uranium, which is such a huge amount to lead to the
greenhouse effect (NOVA science in the news 2009). Hence, it could alleviate the environmental
crisis by reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.
However, these advantages are weaker than its disadvantages, because uranium mining could have
negative impacts on human health, political and social issues. Firstly, uranium mining

Nuclear Power Has Been Highly Controversial
Nuclear power has been highly controversial in the world, specifically uranium mining. Uranium
mining is an option that was presented to the world for a source of nuclear weapons, nuclear
medicine, as well as nuclear power. Uranium is a natural element, it has an average concentration of
2.8 per million in the Earth's crust. Uranium is very abundant and is more plentiful than gold, silver,
and mercury. The half–life of uranium–238 is 4.46 billion years, the half–life of uranium–234 is
245,000 years, and uranium–235 has a half–life of 704 million years (Uranium: Its Uses and
Hazards, n.d.). There are four common kinds of extracting uranium from the ground; open pit and
underground mining, in situ leach mining (ISL), heap leaching, and milling. While there are several
forms of mining that have proven to be affective at extracting uranium from the ground, none of the
mining types have been guaranteed to stop nuclear radiation in the area that the mining took place.
Nuclear power has gotten a bad name ever since the atomic bomb, so many people have become
skeptical on how safe the rising expansion of uranium mining is. The environmental implications
that uranium mining has caused in the past has brought up the question on if the expansion of
nuclear technology is worth the risk. Uranium is a highly radioactive element that must be handled
with care when mining. In almost all forms of mining, the ore is leached with sulfuric acid whether
it is underground still or crushed and

Should Society Make Nuclear Fission Obsoletes
Nuclear Fission
Our society is in danger of nuclear fission due to all the natural and unnatural events happening in
our economy that can cause a nuclear explosion or it can lead to nuclear terrorism or even nuclear
war. Nuclear fission is a very dangerous job and the actual energy maker costs money to create and
with reactors in high demand in large cities, it is costing the U.S. billions of dollars. Nuclear reactors
also have harmful effects on local populations when they are mining for uranium nearby. With many
negative effects our overall society should make nuclear fission obsolete.
With many negative effects our overall society should make nuclear fission obsolete. In 2009 the
U.S. lost over 10 billion dollars (along with very long construction times)just to create a few nuclear
reactors. This shows that the actual nuclear reactors take the longest time to create and get up
running. "There are many harmful effects of the mining of uranium in and near local populations".
Even though uranium is an essential part of the running nuclear reactor it is harmful when they are
mining for it near local populations. When uranium is being mined for the rocks it releases harmful
gasses that can cause cancer or other inner organs. Ultimately nuclear fission is very ... Show more
"Many countries abandoned the NPI treaty and created their own nuclear weapons that can be used
against the U.S. at their will". The NPI treaty was a treaty that was made to agree to stop the
production of nuclear weapons around the world. Many countries like China or Japan and many
others have abandoned the treaty and began the creation of nuclear weapons. "Terrorist groups have
already had an arsenal of nuclear weapons". Terrorist groups like Al–Qaeda and ISIS have created
several nuclear weapons. A nuclear war may happen in our near future against

Uranium Is A Hazardous Elements
Uranium
Uranium is a chemical element that is silvery–white with an atomic number of 92 having 92 protons
and neutrons. In Colorado the Uravan Mineral Belt is the oldest uranium mining in America. It was
also has 1,200 historic mines that produce over 63 million pounds of Uranium from 1948 to 1978.
Uranium is a hazardous element the reason so is because if inhaling uranium decaying products
causes lung cancer also uranium mill tailings contain that contain radioactive ,materials, notably
radium–226, and heavy metals which leach out into groundwater and test from mill tailings from
water shows that that water contamination are at hundreds of times the government's acceptable
level of drinking water. Uranium plants or mill tailing plants also

Critically Evaluate the Arguments for and Against Mining...
High Risk – Low Return: The case against uranium mining in Queensland
Australian Conservation Foundation Australian Manufacturing Workers Union Electrical Trades
Union Friends of the Earth North Queensland Conservation Council Queensland Conservation
Council Queensland Nuclear Free Alliance The Wilderness Society
Cover picture: Mine tailings dam failure at Merriespruit, South Africa gold mine. On the day of the
failure 50mm of rain fell in 30 minutes, comparable to flooding rain quantities in Qld in recent
summers (source: tailings.info)
High Risk – Low Return: The case against uranium mining in Queensland
1. Overview 2. Overstated economic potential 3. Environmental Impacts 4. Radiation and Health 5.
Uranium and Indigenous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a nutshell, it is because the economic benefits are grossly overstated and are outweighed by the
wide–ranging environmental, public health and weapons proliferation problems and risks. Uranium
accounted for 0.19 per cent of Australia's export revenue in 2011/12 (the last available figures)1. By
the most generous estimate, uranium accounts for 0.015% of all jobs in Australia.2 For Queensland,
there is the additional limitation that the state has around just 2% of Australia's uranium resources.
Clearly, the industry has no capacity to deliver significant economic or employment benefits.
Instead of acknowledging the extremely limited economic potential of uranium mining in
Queensland, the LNP state government, the Australian Uranium Association and the Queensland
Resources Council have continued a pattern of extravagant and unsubstantiated claims regarding
jobs, revenue and royalties. Enthusiasm is no substitute for evidence and limited sectoral self–
interest is not the same as the public interest. The assumptions and analysis of those promoting the
uranium sector in Queensland needs to be challenged and reviewed.
Left: Mary Kathleen, former Qld uranium mine – poorly rehabilitated
1
In the absence of open, inclusive and evidence based policy making the Newman LNP government
has set up the Uranium Implementation Committee. The Committee has not sought broad
community input and has not been asked to assess the

Uranium Mining Essay

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