Electronic commerce originated from electronic data transmission during the Berlin airlift in 1948. In the 1960s, early attempts were made to develop common electronic data formats, mainly used for industry transactions. It was not until the late 1970s that national electronic data exchange standards began to develop. E-commerce is defined as business transactions that take place over telecommunications networks, especially the Internet. Key drivers of e-commerce include technological advances, social factors, economic changes, and political environments. E-commerce impacts areas like marketing, computer science, finance, and operations management.

1. Foundation of e-commerce-
basic introduction

2. Overview
“Electronic Commerce (EC) is where business transactions take
place via telecommunications networks, especially the Internet”
(Turban et al., 1999).
Originating from the electronic transmission of messages during
the Berlin airlift in 1948, the next stage in the development of e-
commerce was electronic data interchange (EDI). In the 1960s, the
first attempt at common electronic data formats was made by
cooperation between industry groups. However, the formats were
only used for purchasing, transport and financial data and were
mainly used in intra- industry transactions. It was not until the late
1970s that national standards for electronic data exchange (EDI)
began to work, which developed well into the early 1990s.
Reference:
E. Turban, J. Lee, D. King and H.M. Chung, Electronic
Commerce: A Managerial Perspective. Prentice Hall, 1999.

3. Key Points
1. Key drivers of e-commerce
· Technological factors
· Social factors
· Economic factors
· Political factors
2. Major areas that e-commerce impacts-
· Marketing
· Computer sciences
· Finance & accounting
· Economics
· Production and operations management
· Management information systems
· Human resource management
· Business law and ethics

4. Key Points
3. Benefits of e-commerce to organisations-
· International marketplace
· Operational cost savings
· Mass customisation
· Reduced inventories
· Lower telecommunication cost
· Digitisation of products and processes
· 24-hour availability
4. Benefits of e-commerce to consumers-
· 24/7 access
· More choices
· Price comparison
· Improved delivery processes
· Competitive environment

5. Key Points
5. Limitations of e-commerce-
· Lack of adequate system safety, reliability, standards and
protocols.
· Ever-increasing competition
· Problem of flexibility with older and newer technology
· Cost of access to Internet
· Cost of computing equipment
· Lack of physical contact

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