20srm davinjaniceleemadhavi

Affordable Concrete
Housing in Malaysia
Dr. LEE YEE LOON
Innovation Advisor
Davsil Chemicals Sdn Bhd
dr.lee@davsil.com 27 May 2020
Event Convener
Dr. T. Ch. Madhavi, Professor
Department of Civil Engineering, SRM IST, Ramapuram,,
India

Objectives:
• To share knowledge
• To ignite passion on concrete home
• To promote postgraduate studies
• To enhance research and innovation

Outline
• Affordable concrete housing
• Biomass silica ash & aggregate
• CSM & Sustainability
• Waterproofing & thermal
insulation
• Challenges on research,
innovation, commercialization and
entrepreneurship

9
AECOM-2013-Asia Construction Outlook 2013

Reactor furnace for amorphous biomass silica ash synthesis

Opposed Jet Mill micronising chamber

RHA
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
2-Theta - Scale
RHA - File: RHA.raw - Type: 2Th/Th locked - Start: 10.000 ° - End: 90.006 ° - Step: 0.020 ° - Step time: 15.4 s - Temp.: 25 °C (Room) - Time Started: 10 s - 2-Theta: 10.000 ° - Theta: 5.000 ° - Anode: Cu - WL1: 1.540
Operations: Import
Lin(Counts)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
10 9

Milestone achievement for the exploitation of solid wastes in construction

Bulk handling of biomass silica

Within 3 days, 1800m3 of
foamed concrete (6m high)
was cast. The total volume
was about 180 units of low
cost houses.
Technology Showcase

Knowledge transfer
 A method of synthesising biomass silica ash andaggregate
 Carbon sequestration media
 Industrialised construction system
On-site production
of KUIKcrete

Density monitoring of foamed concrete

Foam Generator and Mixer for Kuikwall

KUIK Block for soft soil subbase system
Research opportunities

S3 subgrade ready for pervious concrete pavement

KUiK formwork with profiled expanded polystyrene panels

KUiKwall
Materials formulation

KUiK Home construction process
Mixer truck Cement & sand is
batch in mixer truck
Foam batching in
mixer truck
Measuring
Density
Mixer truck to
concrete pump
1
Casting of foamed concrete
into system formwork

KUiKwall in highrise construction

3 meter
Pre-cast Wall
Pre-cast Slab
KUiK Cabin

KUiKwall component tested
for load bearing capacity

Industrialised Construction
System for Road on Peat
Lee Yee Loon
Chong Chee Hing
Koh Heng Boon
Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky
Soo Juan Fong

Tan Sri Yong fascinated by PinSpace concept

KUiK wall attracting angel investor

Research products identified for commercialisation

Environmental Friendliness
Geopolymer
concrete
POFA&
Fly ash
Biomass
aggregate
Recycled
EPS

79
Fly Ash Composition
as determined by XRF (by mass %)
Oxides Batch I Batch II
SiO2 53.36 47.80
Al2O3 26.49 24.40
Fe2O3 10.86 17.40
CaO 1.34 2.42
Na2O 0.37 0.31
K2O 0.80 0.55
TiO2 1.47 1.33
MgO 0.77 1.19
P2O5 1.43 2.00
SO3 0.20 0.29
Cr 0.00 0.01
MnO 0.00 0.12
LOI*) 1.39 1.10

Permeability of Geopolymer
Concrete (Siddiqui 2007)
Compressive
Strength (MPa)
Permeability of
Geopolymer
Concrete
(m/s)
Permeability of
Portland
Cement
Concrete
(m/s)
40 9.6 x 10-12 11.0 x 10-12
50 7.9 x 10-12 9.7 x 10-12

Compressive Strength and Slump
Series
Compressive
Strength
(MPa)
Slump
(mm)
GC-I 40 240
GC-II 60 220

3 0 0
2 5 0
2 0 0
1 5 0
1 0 0
5 0
0
M i x t u r e s
O P C O P C F G P C G P E
Fig. 1.Workability of OPC and GPC
Slump(mm)

2 2 3 5
2 3 1 0
2 3 3 0
2 3 5 0
2 1 6 0
2 1 8 0
2 2 0 0
2 2 2 0
2 2 4 0
2 2 6 0
2 2 8 0
2 3 0 0
2 3 2 0
2 3 4 0
2 3 6 0
H e a t c u r i n g
2 8 d a y
A m b i e n t c u r i n g
7 d a y
Fig. 2.Variation in Density of GPC
Density(kg/m3)

5 0
4 0
3 0
2 0
1 0
0
0 2 0 4 0 6 0
A g e ( d a y s )
O P C 1 G P C 1 G P C 2
Fig. 3 (a). Ambient curing of concrete specimens (series I)
Compressivestrength(MPa)

0
2 0
4 0
6 0
8 0
0 5 1 0 1 5
A g e ( d a y s )
2 0 2 5 3 0
G P C G P C 1 G P C 3
Fig. 3 (c). Heat curing of concrete specimens

7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 0 2 0 3 0
A g e ( d a y s )
O P C 1 G P C 1 G P C 2
Fig. 4(a): Flexural strength development (series I)
Flexuralstrength(MPa)

1 4
1 2
1 0
8
6
4
2
0
0 1 0 2 0 3 0
A g e ( d a y s )
O P C F 1 G P C F 1
Fig. 6 (b). Water penetration development of concrete series 2
G P C F 2
Waterpenetration(mm)

88
- 3
- 0 . 5
- 1
- 1 . 5
- 2
- 2 . 5
0
0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 2 5 3 0
A g e
( d a y )
O P C G P C 1 G P C 2
Fig. 7 : Weight changes in geopolymer concrete specimens in 10% of sulphuric
acid
Weightloss(%)

89
7 0
6 0
5 0
4 0
3 0
2 0
1 0
0
0 1 0 2 0 3 0
A g e ( d a y s )
O P C GPC 1 G PC 2
Fig. 8 : Compressive strength change of concrete
specimens in 10% of sulphuric acid

90
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
0 7 14 21 28
CompressiveStrength(MPa)
Age of Curing (Days)
MA0-Control Concrete MA12- 3% RHA + 9% POFA
MB12- 3% RHA + 9% POFA & 50% BA MC12- 3% RHA + 9% POFA & 100% BA

5 Years Warranty
for
Non Peel Non Colour Fade

7/2/2015 www.1.net.my 128
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•
• R
• S

7/2/2015 124
IT-Lodge - bridging digital divide
www.1.net.my

7/2/2015 www.1.net.my 125
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•
• R
• S

Business Model
Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5
RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000 RM'000
(50m3
production/day)
(100m3
production/day)
(200m3
production/day)
(400m3
production/day)
(800m3
production/day)
Revenue 3,000 6,000 12,000 24,000 48,000
(-) Cost of
Goods Sold:
Raw materials 1,824 3,648 7,296 14,592 29,184
Labour 456 912 1,824 3,648 7,296
Gross Profit 720 1,440 2,880 5,760 11,520
(-)
Operating
Expenses:
Sales & Marketing 120 120 120 120 120
Management
Staff Salaries 360 360 360 540 810
Rental of Equipment
& Land 1,620 1,620 2,350 2,350 3,350
Net Profit (1,380
)
(660) 50 2,750 7,240

• Janice founded BTS Group www.btsgroup.com.my
• Group achievements include numerous awards related to
construction and development.

Affordable Concrete
Housing in Malaysia
Dr. LEE YEE LOON
Innovation Advisor
dr.lee@davsil.com 27 May 2020
Event Convener
Dr. T. Ch. Madhavi, Professor
Department of Civil Engineering, SRM IST, Ramapuram,
India
Davin Chang, Chemist

127
Conclusion
•Biomass silica ash and aggregate are exciting renewable & sustainable
resources for waterproofing applications.
• Self-compacting concrete (structural and non-structural) are available.
• Precast and cast-in-situ methods should be profitably exploited.
• Small prestressed elements could be a viable IBS solution for single-
storey buildings.
• High early strength and self-levelling grout are useful for joints.
•Spray applied coating on blended cementitious polymeric formulation
offers enhanced thermal insulation and water resistance on roof and
building envelope.
• RM30 million per year business opportunity
• Proposed showcase of PinSpace in UTHM
• Proposed rebranding of 1Malaysia Cabin
• Proposed IP exploitation by www.ashmann.com
• Proposed seed funding from ORICC
• Proposed support for CSM community to be funded by MOSTI CIF

• Hardjito, D. and Rangan, B. V.(2005) Development and Properties of Low-Calcium Fly
Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete, Research Report GC1, Faculty of Engineering, Curtin
University of Technology, Perth.
• Wallah, S.E. and Rangan, B.V.(2006), Low-Calcium Fly Ash- Based Geopolymer
Concrete: Long-Term Properties, Research Report GC2, Faculty of Engineering, Curtin
• Sumajouw, M.D.J. and Rangan, B.V.(2006), Low-Calcium Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer
Concrete: Reinforced Beams and Columns, Research Report GC3, Faculty of
Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth.
• Rangan, B.V.(2008), Fly Ash-based Geopolymer Concrete, Research Report GC4, Curtin
Download these four Reports free from espace@curtin
129
REFERENCES

• janice@btsgroup.com.my
• davin@davsil.com
• dr.lee@davsil.com
• lowcarbon.my
• ashmann@gmail.com
• +60127533135

Acknowledgement
CIDB, ORICC
Cradle Fund Sdn Bhd
Junda Realty Sdn Bhd
RECESS Malaysia, UTHM
www.ashmann.com
The contribution of Cheong CL, Stephen
Ko and Prof. Rangan are acknowledged.

Fellow Researcher Profile
Dr. P.T. Ravichandran, Chairman, IE (I), Kattankulathur
Local Centre, Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of
Science and Technology, Kattankulathur - 603 203, Tamil
Nadu, India
He has published over 80 research papers in National and
International Journals and Conferences. He is a Life Fellow
of Indian Geotechnical Society and Institution of Engineers
(I) and Life member of Indian Society for Technical
Education and Indian Road Congress
Area of Interest:
 Expensive Soil,
 Ground improvement techniques
 SCM to make sustainable concrete
 Ultra fines in Mortar / Concrete

Dr. L. Krishnaraj is Assistant Professor in Department
of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and
Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology,
Kattankulathur - 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
He has published over 30 research paper in national
and international journals and conferences. He is life
time member of Indian Concrete institute and Life
member of Indian Society for Technical Education and
many.
Fellow Researcher Profile
Area of Interest:
 Nano materials in Mortar / Concrete
 Sustainable building materials
 Energy Efficient materials / Buildings

Outer and inner cylinder Grinding balls with Φ 12mm and Φ
25mm
Ball Mill
Equipment
Details
Synthesis of Fly ash

Characterization of Ultrafine Fly ash

Particle Size Analysis- To Identify the Particle Size
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 30 60 90 120 150 180
Sieveresiduein%
Specificsurfaceareainm2/kg
Grinding time in min
GFA-Specific surface area
AGFA - Specific surface area
CGFA-Specific surface area
GFA-Sieve residue in %
AGFA-Sieve residue in %
CGFA-Sieve residue in %

RRB MODELING TO OPTIMIZE THE GRINDING DURATION
AGFA at 15 min AGFA at 30 min
AGFA at 120 min AGFA at 180 min
RFA R² = 0.9981
AGFA 15min R² = 0.9835
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Lglg[100/R(D)]
Lg D
Linear (RFA)
Linear (AGFA 15min)
RFA R² = 0.9981
AGFA 30min R² = 0.9848
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Lglg[100/R(D)]
Lg D
Linear (RFA)
Linear (AGFA 30min)
RFA R² = 0.9981
AGFA 120min R² = 0.9911
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Lglg[100/R(D)]
Lg D
Linear (RFA)
Linear (AGFA 120min)
RFA R² = 0.9981
AGFA 180min R² = 0.9976
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Lglg[100/R(D)]
Lg D
Linear (RFA)
Linear (AGFA 180min)

• Different Mortar Specimens for Test
Current Research Contribution

Compression masonry block Compression masonry block test setup
Z type specimen details Z type specimen for flexural strength test
setup
Bond strength specimen details Bond strength test setup

Some of Recent Publications
• Krishnaraj L, Ravichandran P.T, “Investigation on grinding impact of fly ash
particles and its characterization analysis in cement mortar composites”,
Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 10 (2019), 267–274.
• Krishnaraj L, Ravichandran P.T, “Impact of Chloride Grinding Aid with
Modified Fly Ash using Topdown Nanotechnology on Grinding
Performance”, Construction and Building Materials, 199, 225–233, 2019.
• L. Krishnaraj, P. T. Ravichandran , P. R. Kannan Rajkumar, “ An
Investigation on Strength Properties and Microstructural Properties of
Pozzolanic Mortar Mixes, International Conference on Intelligent Computing
and Applications”, Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 846.
Springer Nature, Book Series.
• L Krishnaraj, P T Ravichandran and Suresh Sagadevan, “Synthesis and
Characterization of Grinding Aid Fly Ash Blended Mortar Effect on Bond
Strength of Masonry Prisms”, Mater. Res. Express, 5 (2018) 045052, PP. 1-

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