Harappan Civilization

1. Ms Meenakshi Dhiman
Assistant Prof.
SILB,Solan

2.  Harappan Civilisation(First site)
 Harappa was exacavated in 1921
 Mohanjo-daro (Mound of dead) in 1922
 First Urban civilisation in South Asia
 Contemporaneous with the civilisation of
Mesopotamia and Egypt
 Part of proto-history of India
 Belongs to Bronge age

3.  The early/Pre-Harappan phase(c.3200-
2600BCE)
 Mature Harappan phase(c.2600-1900BCE)
 Late Harappan phase(c.1900-1300BCE)

4.  Harappa had attracted the attention of a British traveller Charles Merson as
early as in 1826.
 Also noticed by colonel Burns when he went to meet Maharaja Ranjit Singh in
1831
 Alexander Cunningham inspected the site in 1853 and 1857
 In 1856 Harappan ruins were excavated to meet the demand for bricks to lay
railway line between Karachi and Lahore
 First serious efforts were made by Daya Ram Sahani under the leadership of
John Marshall

5.  A colony of Sumerian people or its roots lie deep in the Indian soil
 Sekeleton and skulls belong to a number of ethnic groups such as:
proto-Australoid,Alpinoid,Mongoloid and Dravid
 Multiracial civilisation-Rangnath Rao
 People have flat nose,found in the people of Punjab
 Dravidian civilisation:Dr Wheeler

6. Harappa:
 On the bank of river Ravi in Montegomery,Pakistan
 Excavated by D.R. Sahani in 1921
 Town was divided into two sectors:eastern and western
 The western sector was fortified structure erected on artificial platform(Chabutra)
 Noted for six granaries
 Firepits
 A dancing girl
 Naked bust of male
 891 seals
 Cemetry R-37
 Evidence of trade with Mesopotamia

8.  On the bank of river Indus,Larkana district,Pakistan
 Excavated by RD Banerji in 1922
 Multi-pillared assembly hall
 Great bath
 Large granery
 Piece of woven cotton cloth
 Bronze dancing girl
 Seal representing:Mother goddess,Pashupati,Beared man,and a women to be
sacrificed
 Evidence of ship
 Bangles of clay

11.  Located in Gujarat,on tha bank of Bhogava and Savarmati river
 Excavated by SR Rao in 1957
 Bockyard
 Town was divided into six sectors
 Trade centre
 Bead-making factory
 Evidences of double burials
 Houses with entrances on the main street
 A terracotta of horse
 Rice husks
 Terracotta model of ship
 Fire altars
 Ivory scale

14.  Rajasthan on the bank of river Ghaggar
 Excavated by Dr.BB Lal and BK Thapar (1961) and located by Amlanand
Ghosh(1953)
 Ploughed fields
 Firealtars
 Bones of Camel
 Decorative Bricks used in flooring
 No drainage system
 Not well planned
Ploughed fields

15.  Pakistan near Mohenjo-Daro on the bank of river Indus
 Excavated by E. Makay (1935) and located by NG Majumdar(1931)
 Remains of both Harappan and pre-Harappan culture are found here
 Bead factory
 Good craftsman
 No fortified structure
 Only Harappan city without a citadal
 Evidence of Human sacrifice
 Bronze model of roofed chariot
citadal

16.  Gujarat on the bank of river madar
 Excavated by MS Vatsa (1931) and SR Rao (1953-54)
 Remains of both pre-Harappan and Mature Harappan culture
 Yellow and gray color earthen pots

17.  Haryana on the bank of river Rangoi
 Excavated by RS Bist (1973-74)
 Centre of pre-Harappan civilisation
 Well planned drainage system
 High quality barley
 Clay model of plough
 Pipalleaf shaped earrings,earthen bangles

18. Site State River Excavator Speciality
Alamgirpur Meerut(UP) Hindon YD Sharma Late Harappan
culture
Pottery and beads
Koti-Diji Sindh Sindhu Ghurey(1835)
Fazal
Ahmed(1955)
Pre-Harappan
site
House made up
of stone
Brass bangles
Statues of bull
Amri Sindh Sindhu ,, Pre-harappan
Remaimns of
Rhinoceros

19. Ropar Punjab Sutlej YD Sharma(1955-56) Cemetery,seals,earthen
pots
Buildings were of stone
and soil
Evidence of Dog burials
below human
Surkotada Gujarat JP Joshi(1964) Bones of horse and
Graveyard
Suktagendo
r
Sindh Dashak river O Stein(1931) Copper axe,earthen
bangles,links with Babylon
Dholavira Gujarat JP Joshi(1990-1991) Gaint water reservior
Unique water harvesting
system
Shows all the three phases
of Harappan culture
Use of sandstone
Rakhigarhi Haryana Surajbhan and
Bhagwandev
Seals bearing inscriptions
Alahdino Karachi Burnt bricks
Balakot Karachi Burnt bricks
Mittathal Haryana Yamuna A team of PU Cart-Wheel,wts of
stone,terracotta

20. Rakhigarhi
Kalibanga
Kot diji
Chanhudaro

21. Surkotada Banawali
Kalibanga
Dholavira

22. Lower town at Lothal

23. Stone Impliments

26. Site River Trick
Harappa Ravi Ravi mujh se Hara
Mohenjo-Daro Indus(Sindhu) Mohen India aaya
Banawali Saraswati
Chanhudaro Sindhu
Lothal Sabarmati and
Bhogvas
Sab bhog Lo
Kalibanga Ghagghar Bo kali banga and ghaghra pehne thi
Rangpur Meedar Mujhe Holi me pura rang de
Alamgirpur Hindon

27. Metal and Precious
stones
Obtained from
Gold South India,Afghanistan,Iran
Silver Afghanistan
copper Baluchistan,Khetri mines(Rajasthan)
Lapis Lazuli Afghanistan
Torquise Iran
Bitumin Baluchistan,Iraq
Lead South India
Jade Pamir

28. Site Excavator trick
Harappa Dayaram Sahani Daya kr kr mein Hara
Mohenjo-Daro RD Banerji Mohen losted his Energy
Lothal SR Rao
Kalibanga Lal and Thapar Lal kali bangles thapar ki shop
se li
Chanhudaro Mazaumdar and
Makay
Banwali RS Bist
Dholavira JP Joshi Usne Josh josh me dhol bjaya

29. Site Place trick
Harappa Pakistan (Punjab) Pak India se Hara
Mohenjodaro Pakistan Mehen Pak gya
Lothal Gujarat Lo Bo kl yaha se Gujra
Kalibanga Rajasthan Raja ne use kali bangles di
Chanhudaro Pakistan Pak ab chand dino ka mehman hai
Rangpur Gujarat Bo rang lga ke yaha se gujra
Banawali Haryana
Alamgirpur UP alum us ke uper gira
Kot-Diji Pakistan (Sindh)
Amri ,, Bo pak se yaha aamari
Ropar Punjab Punjab ka nam sunte hi bo ro pda
Rakhigarhi Haryana
Dholavira Gujarat Bo dhol bjate bjate gujar gya

30.  Use dustbins
 A well organized drainage system
 Granaries and public bath
 Earthen and burnt bricks
 Worship Mother Goddess,Proto Shiva and Animals
 Society: scholars,warriors,traders,businessman and working class
 People were vegetarian as well as non-vegetarians
 Unsewn (unstiched) cloths
 Use Swastik
 Cotton production
 Use of makeup and ornaments
 Toys,whistles were also found
 Weapons were made up of copper and brass
 Economy was Agro-commercial
 Use weights and measures
 Script was proto-Dravidian

33. Causes Historian
Aryan Invasion Wheeler,Gorden
Ecological Disturbance Fairchild
Changes in river Course Dales
Low Rainfall Stein
Flood Macay
Earthquake Raikes and Dales
Natural calamities Kennedy

34. THANKS