1. KLE SOCIETY’S COLLEGE OF EDUCATION,
VIDYANAGAR, HUBBALLI.
Topic: The Fundamental Unit Of Life.
Subject: Biology (ICT based)
Submitted by: Submitted to:
Bhagyalaxmi G Nayak Smt.Rekha A Kittur
Roll.No.: 88
2. THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF
LIFE
Cells are the smallest form of life. Cell
is the structural and functional unit of all
living organsims.
The term cell was first coined by
Robert Hooke.
Cell consists of cell membrane,
cytoplasm, nucleus, cell organelles etc.
3. Cell organelles are the tiny or small
organs present in the cytoplasm of the cell.
The Organelle means “little organ”.
Some of the organelles present in cells
are mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum,
ribosomes, plastids, golgi complex etc.
Today we shall study in detail about
Mitochondria and Endoplasmic
reticulum.
4. Mitochondria
• Mitochondria are cytoplasmic organelles found
in plant and animal cells.
• Each mitochondria is a rod shaped structure
surrounded by a double membrane.
• The outer membrane is smooth and inner
surface is folded into finger like structures
called Cristae.
• Cristae increase the surface the surface area of
the inner membrane, providing more area for
metabolic reactions to take place.
5.
6. • Mitochondria contain enzymes for catalyzing
biochemical reactions involved in respiration.
• Mitochondria are centres of cellular respiration
and result in the formation of an energy rich
molecule, ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). So it
is called as “Power house of the cell”
• The cells use this energy to perform cellular
functions like synthesis of new chemical
compounds, their transport and mechanical
work.
7. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• ER is a network of double-walled membranes
enclosing a fluid-filled lumen.
• Nuclear membrane joins with the membranes of
ER.
• There are two types of ER:
*Rough ER
*Smooth ER
• Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface.
• Rough ER is the site for protien synthesis.
8.
9. • Smooth ER is named so because it lacks a
ribosome on its surface.
• Smooth ER takes part in secretion of lipids.
• Proteins and lipids synthesizes in ER help in
producing a new cell membrane in cell
membrane.
