Construction Simulation Paper

Construction Simulation Paper
Simulation can be used in different phases of the life cycle of a construction project such as design
and operation (Shannon 1977 ), to analyze construction operations (ElNimr and Mohamed 2011) .
The Simulation provides a flexible tool that allows the evaluation of the impacts of the system
changes and xxx decisions on the construction job sites. Furthermore, another aspect of simulation is
that we can consider the simulation as a visual representation to support the analysis of different
strategies in tasks such as resource allocation (Yazici 2006) . At construction job sites, site
supervisors are responsible for coordinating the operations of all activities. Therefore, a good
understanding of the construction operations/activities
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Virtual Reality: Computer Generated Simulation
"Virtual reality promises a kind of transcendence of the limits of physical reality" (Biocca, Kim,
Levy 06). "Virtual Reality" is a computer–generated simulation of a three–dimensional environment
in a seemingly real way by a person using special electronic equipment. When most people hear this
they think of movies like "The Matrix". They think films are the only place virtual reality is seen
and used. However they are sorely mistaken in that aspect. Virtual reality is used in other fields and
can be used in real life. Some of the fields that virtual reality can is used in are military, healthcare,
and on the consumer level.
To begin with let's get a feel of the history behind the subject known as "Virtual Reality". Virtual
reality has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The next step is a more immersive environment. Part of this step is the "Leap" from leap motion
which is at the forefront of the virtual reality industry. The "Leap" is a USB peripheral that creates a
3D interaction space that precisely interacts with and controls software on a computer by sensing
how you naturally move your hands. Another part of the same step that's still in development is the
"Oculus Rift". The "Oculus Rift" is a virtual reality headset that gives a truly immersive virtual
reality experience for video games. It's impressive because users can't see the screen because of the
110–degree field of view, which means that no matter the direction all they'll see is the game world.
However to date the field with the most beyond prototype level applications is the field of
healthcare. The most focused upon applications are surgical training and computer–aided surgery
systems. However medical virtual reality has more applications besides those. Pre–surgical planning
that uses 3D images and computer workstation tools to design and plan out a surgical procedure is
one of them. Telesurgery is basically a surgeon performing surgery at a distance with computer
assistance. Disability solutions that uses augmented reality environments for treatments of autism
and other cognitive impairments. 3D diagnostic imaging are tools used to analyze data and
quantitative comparisons capuring and controlling medical image data in a 3D format; Radiation
treatment

Building Information Modeling ( Bim ) And Geographical...
In recent years, Building Information Modelling (BIM) and Geographical Information Systems
(GIS) have become an integral part of the construction industry of today, with their rapid expansion
and worldwide integration constantly leading to new ways for us to collaborate and improve. One
recent breakthrough for BIM has come in the form of Cloud computing, which has revolutionized
the speed at which we can collaborate and communicate with each other. The use of Cloud and other
technologies such as the IoT (Internet of Things) are just a few areas that the AEC sector can exploit
within the idea of City Information Modeling (CIM).
This paper discusses the current problems associated with BIM and GIS; while the use of Cloud
storage in BIM ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By April 2016 BIM will be compulsory for all UK public sector construction projects. It has yet to
be adopted globally, but within the next decade it will be as integral to the construction industry as
CAD is today. It should not be seen as an updated version of CAD – rather a promotion for
integration and innovation. BIM provides a way for all members of a design team to collaborate on
every scale, efficiently and mistake–free, to avoid costly mistakes and delays. Geographical
Information Systems (GIS) also have a big role to play in the future of the AEC sector, providing
alternative approaches and unique outcomes.
The problems with BIM and GIS are hardly few and far between, but interoperability between the
two has huge potential to produce benefits to the industry in areas such as security and urban
planning. The introduction of Cloud computing has the possibility to vastly expand our ability to
create such highly technical models. Furthermore, the importance of real–time analysis on buildings
and cities can undoubtedly lead to more sophisticated, time–saving processes that ease our
understanding of BIM and help invigorate smarter engineering methods. But the question we may
ask is, how can this assimilation between BIM and GIS, as well as countless new technology trends,
lead to better, more advanced city models in the future?
Literature Review
Considering how far BIM has come in

The Current State Of The Architecture Industry
Literature Review In this chapter the current state of the architecture industry, the history and
benefits of mobile applications and various journals about the implementation of Virtual Reality are
reviewed. This will give an insight into the field around the projects area so that a better
understanding of its purpose can be seen. Topic The project is an Architectural 3D Planner App that
lets an architect display and organise their design portfolios. In the current industry of architecture
there are new advances in the way current designs projects are displayed and sold to the client. This
project aims to immerge many of these key mediums to create a mobile application in which an
architect can showcase his or her design work to a potential client. At the end of this literature
review you will have a better understanding of the current state of the industry and the reasoning
behind the existence of such an application. History of Apps The start of the history of mobile
applications didn't actually come from a mobile cellular phone, but from Psion EPOC Portable
handheld computers. A device that brought the key functionality and handiness of a desktop
computer and transferred it to a portable handheld device. This machine was released in the early
90s and had some of the first mobile applications applied to it. Applications like Word Processor,
Spreadsheet and Database many of which are still implemented today. It was Psion's goal to bring
the experience of a desktop

Web-Based Construction Essay
Web–Based Construction
While most professions have been quick to embrace the information age, the construction industry
has fallen behind in using new technology. However, web–based systems, designed specifically with
public works professionals in mind, are emerging to help improve project management and overall
efficiency.
Time is among the precious commodities on construction sites. Rarely is there enough time to
complete all facets of a project on deadline. Under constant pressure to complete projects on time
and on (or even under) budget, construction managers also face difficulties communicating with all
of their contractors, subcontractors and managers. Technology can aid the process by ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Web–enabled project management solutions are becoming more obsolete as software vendors
dedicate more of their resources to developing web–based software applications.
Web–based applications provide a platform for better project communication and collaboration
without being tied to a specific network or software application. A standard web browser (ie.
Internet Explorer) is the interface for project information. These applications provide instantaneous
communication, collaboration, and secure access for project participants. Buzzsaw, Constructw@re,
and e–Builder are just some examples of web–based systems available today. Each application
develops their own set of standards and procedures for managing project documents.
The alternative to buying a web–based project management application is to hire a web developer to
create a customized management system for your organization. A customized system can be tailored
to follow pre–existing organizational structure and procedures, collecting specific data for company
reports and forms.
3. Use of web in construction industry
From the numerous Web–based construction project management applications the most commonly
used are:
On–line Design Studios

Difference Between Augmented Reality And Virtual Reality
A Comparative Study on Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
Abstract: We are on the verge of ubiquitously adopting Reality technologies to enhance our
perception and help us see, hear, and feel our environments in new and enriched ways. These
technologies will support us in fields such as education, maintenance, design and reconnaissance.
This paper does a comparative study on Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. This paper
describes about the evolution, working, applications in various fields, advantages and disadvantages
of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality. It explains the state of art by reviewing some applications
of Reality technology.
Keywords: Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality.
I. INTRODUCTION
Augmented ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2016 Microsoft Hololens Microsoft HoloLens is the first self–contained, holographic computer,
enabling you to engage with your digital content and interact with holograms in the world around
you.
Evolution of Virtual Reality:
Year Evolution of Virtual Reality Description
1939 View Master It was originally invented as an educational device for adults but became a toy
for childrens.It is a binocular style reel image viewer which used stereoscopic 3–D imagery
technology.
1960 Telesphere Mask It was patented in 1960.It was the first head–mounted display which featured
stereoscopic 3–D vision and sound but lacked motion display.
1993 SegaVR It is a virtual reality headset for the Sega Genesis console.
1995 VFX Head Gear It was a consumer–level head–mounted display marketed during the mid–
1990s. It comprised a helmet, a handheld controller, and an ISA interface board, and offered head–
tracking, stereoscopic 3D, and stereo audio.
1996 Nintendo Virtual Boy Table Top Video game It was the first virtual home reality video device
for gaming. Dual screen design created the illusion of 3–D using 2–D

Lack Of Interoperability And Information Models
As stated in NIST GCR 04–867 interoperability means the ability to manage and communicate
electronic products and project data between collaborating firms. In construction industry, lack of
interoperability always makes the team members unable to exchange data from different software
and platforms. The lack of interoperability is mainly because that different tools and platforms
cannot pass information seamlessly among themselves and hence prevent effective information
exchange and collaborating among every team member.
The main impacts brought by the lack of interoperability is it can drive up the costs. The main
drivers of increasing cost include time spent on manually reentering the data from one application to
another, time spent on processing requests for information, extra expenditure for data translators and
so forth. (McGraw Hill Construction 2007)
b) Describe and discuss the need for interoperable building information models.
As information stated above, lack of interoperability causes construction industry a large loss of cost
and time, making improving interoperability an urgent and necessary trend. It is stated in the smart
report, there are about 3.1% project costs related to non–interoperability in the construction industry.
Besides, team members of different disciplines always have their own application and platforms to
address their own needs. If those applications and platforms can be compatible, team members then
can share and exchange information

Designing Of Plan Layout And Architecture Of House
CHAPTER:1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Brief Introduction: Now–a–days as development of buildings
is increasing and there is demand of designing of plan–layout and architecture of house. Now
sometimes after the design is ready and house is build the client is not satisfied with the work as
there is miss interaction between designing and understanding of plan layout. Even contractors get
confuse while investing in big society just by looking at planning; like if the outcome of
construction does not go as good as design. People even get confuse while selecting the texture and
colour of the houses they want to build. To deal with these issues, recent research area projects
includes few closely related areas of computer discipline like –Virtual Reality Architecture. Virtual
Reality is a powerful new technology with great opportunity to help contractors and architect for
making their presentation of plan layout better. This project focus on real–time experience. User can
view model of their property in virtual reality. Here they get a walk–through environment of the
property they are planning to build. Even as it is a new technology architect and contractor can
satisfy and convince their customers more easily. Even interior and texture of the house can be
designed using this project. 1.2 Aim of the project: This project aims for converting and viewing 3D
model of houses into virtual reality for user. In this user will also get a good number of pre–
uploaded models and layout of

Building Information Modeling : Bim
Building Information Modeling "BIM", is an intelligent, model based process for planning,
designing, building and managing buildings and infrastructures. BIM is a very powerful way for
designers and architects to lay out building plans and designs. BIM is not just single piece of
software or model, but a system of information processing and collaboration, with data fixed within
the model. BIM begins with a 3D digital model of the building or infrastructure that is being
planned out. However, the model that BIM provides is much more than just a 3D model. BIM
technology allows for the project managers, designers and architects to see virtual equivalents of all
the buildings parts that are going to be used throughout the entire construction process of the
building. BIM brings together all of the information about every element of a building, and stores all
the data in one place. It allows anyone working on the project to access the data in order to integrate
different aspects of the design more effectively. BIM reduces the risk of mistakes which in turn
helps to stay on budget and enhance efficiency. BIM data can be used to illustrate the entire building
life–cycle, from start to finish. Spaces, systems, products and sequences can be shown in
comparative scale to each other. And by signaling conflict detection BIM prevents errors from
occurring at the various stages of development/construction. When BIM is utilized during a project,
its results in better communication which

Specifier Magazine Comparison Report
Would you rather have a Builder or a Specifier?
Magazine comparison report by Tim Miller ARC 141 August 4, 2015
Two of the Arch. Eng. & Design sources I reviewed were the Construction Specifier Magazine and
Builder magazine. In review of these two magazines, they appear to have allot in common;
a) Online website access and contact information to the publishers, contributors and staff within
each dept. of the magazine, so as to contact via e–mail for additional questions or comments.
b) Technical information was present in both magazines and links were provided to research further
if one desired.
c) Both are presenting Green Bldg. Methods and products which are the newest in their class and or
process.
d) Both magazines have an editor and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Specifier magazine was much more in–depth and informative. I also found great differences in
the technical side of each magazine. The Specifier went much more in–depth on reporting the
technical issues in building concept and construction. It also had more articles on AutoCAD/BIM
Software and processes and the software and concept VDC (Virtual design Construction) will play
in the future of the building industry. I was also impressed by the article that was written about
"Three Ways to Limit Liability". This was written specifically for Design Professionals dealing with
contractual and legal issues during the design, bid, and build process. From a point of view from the
design side, I would chose to read "Builder" magazine because of the information on the newest
products and practices. This magazine would assist me from a builders / designers point of view.
This is a hands on publication. If one were to become a full degreed Architect or Engineer, the
Specifier magazine is the best source for in–depth articles on new green sustainable building
methods. It delves into the arena of Law and Construction management

The New Zealand Construction Industry Essay
Contents
Executive Summery 1
Introduction 3
BIM adoption and implementation in NZ 4
Comparison of NZ BIM adoption to other countries 8
Conclusions for the future of BIM in NZ construction industry 11
References 12
Executive Summery
The BIM introduction into the New Zealand's construction industry has been discovered as the step
to improve productivity and to improve efficiency. This paper seeks to the application of BIM to the
New Zealand construction industry successfully and to the proper analyzing of the growth of BIM in
New Zealand. Also this report elaborates the opportunity of BIM in New Zealand's construction
industry as well as compared with the other major countries using BIM. Furthermore, in this
literature, the future expectation of BIM in New Zealand is discussed.
The industrial change in New Zealand and the effects of adopting BIM in the construction projects
are explained by taking case studies. Comparison with the other countries who uses BIM with New
Zealand is done to analyses the global changes. And the report is made with help and reference from
many BIM surveys conducted.
Introduction
The introduction of Building Information Modelling (BIM) and tools into the construction industry
made a rapid revolution in this field. BIM can bring a complete digital representation of a building
with a fully analyzed data. Introduction of this models are very much helpful in construction of the
real building. By creating a BIM

Virtual Reality ( Vr ) Essay
In a business world technology been driven by powerful digital forces, disruption and growth in
innovation in every company (Deloitte Consulting, 2016). Technology confined in every operation
and execution of a business. In the present situation technologies are driving forces behind product
design, create business models and makes competitive among organisation. At the same time
technology offer great advantage for authentic environment for an organisation and people. Dealing
with today's situation application of Virtual Reality (VR) seems to given excellent promise in
providing an alternative "real life" environment in situation where it is impossible for people to
experience. Traditional architectural environments are no longer able to effectively accommodate
clients' expectations and demand. Thus, this study attempts to incorporate VR technology in order to
create authentic and real life viewing environment for people who wants to see their future homes
and buildings. As well as to get to know how VR eliminates the traditional separation between
operator and machine, providing more of direction and spontaneous interaction with information. In
this report there will be three parts that illustrate such as basic information and definition of VR,
history, advantage and disadvantages of VR. Second would be personal perspective on research
findings and finally discussion about potential opportunities for firms to invest in the future on VR
technology.
2.0 Definition

Virtual Reality Dbq
When the words Virtual Reality come into the display, a great deal of people assumes that it's
interactive Video Games. In other words games where the player can interact with the environment
around him. Pick up various items and throw them around as they continue on exploring the
limitations of the server. Lots of parents believe that VR, much like normal games are a waste of
time for their children and in a sense, they are completely right. But disregarding VR as mere video
games can be fatal mistake, when in Reality the VR reaches far beyond games for teenagers. The
military only recently adopted Virtual Reality into their training schedule; notwithstanding it has fast
become one of their primary training sources.
Argument 1(Military):.It is being used in all of their services. Much like the teenagers, the soldiers
are going on missions to learn how to operate with one another in different dangerous settings.
Nevertheless to the gamers these kinds of simulators play a considerate role in the military's
training. By doing everything from combat, shooting practice and airborne missions in these
simulations, it saves and is reusable. It takes less time to build up and are less expensive. But the
main advantage of the use of VR in the military is the absence of death and injuries during practice.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore training is not the only usage of VR in the military, but also in healthcare. Using the
virtual environment to explore not only PTSD, but all sorts of phobias, specialists can help treat
patients. By using a controlled environment, PTSD patients can re–enact scenarios and learn how to
cope with their traumas. This kind of treatment works on people with phobias simultaneously. By
putting them in the virtual environment, the patients can gradually learn how to overcome their
phobias with the help of a

Essay on Team Leadership
MGT 8037
TEAM LEADERSHIP
ASSIGNMENTS 1–4
Prepared by: Anthony Gunther
Student Number: 5014570
Prepared For: Bernadette Lynch
Date Submitted: 04/10/11
Extension Granted: Yes TABLE OF CONTENTS
Annotated Bibliography 5
Reflective Paper 1 8
1. Annotated Bibliography
Source 1:
Hoyt, C.L & Blascovich, J 2003, Transformational and transactional leadership in virtual and
physical environments, University of Richmond
This source highlights the differences between transformational and transactional leadership styles.
A laboratory experiment was undertaken to show the differences in three different environments;
face–to–face, virtual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Source 5:
Purvanova, R.K & Bono, J.E 2009, Transformational leadership in context: Face–to–face and virtual
teams, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States
An experiment based resource which examines transformational leadership using face–to–face
communication and virtual teams. Analyses indicated that the most effective leaders were those who
increased their transformational leadership in virtual teams. Team–member ratings suggest that
transformational leadership has a stronger effect in teams that use only computer–based
communication, and leaders who increase their transformational leadership achieve higher levels of
team performance. This source was of particular use as I had limited information on
transformational leadership and it applied the theory to both virtual and face–to–face teams. The

information provided gave me an understanding as to why transformational leadership is vital when
interaction between group members is limited and high levels of trust in team members is required.
1. Reflective Paper 1:
The Incident
Bonnie Rock Transport (BRT) are a company who provide logistics services to multiple offshore oil
and gas facilities in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Due to the exponential growth in the oil
and gas industry BRT require a new distribution yard to fulfil and maintain their clients'
requirements and strong business relationship.
With minimal experience in the

Introduction Of Bim Into Nz 's Construction Industry
Executive Summery
1
The introduction of BIM into NZ's construction industry has been identified as one of the key
strategies to improve the industry's productivity. However, merely introducing BIM without regard
to a range of contextual issues will have little effect. It is the successful application of BIM that will
create change in the industry. This paper seeks to facilitate the successful application of BIM in NZ
by providing practical guidance to ensure the relevance of standard forms of contract are maintained
and recommends the selection of suitable project delivery models.
2
3
4
5
6
7
Contents
Executive Summery 1
Introduction 3
References 12
Introduction
real building. By creating a BIM model, it gives the access to improve, share the idea between the
contractor, subcontractor, designer and the manufactures easily and efficiently. Also, these models
are useful during the estimation calculation and in scheduling process. For the purpose of
simplification and to the targeted exploration of

The Issue Of Unsafe Work Environments By Using Automated...
The topic of construction safety is of paramount importance due to the 26,000 construction workers
deaths in the last two decades. This number indicates that about five people per day die while they
are on the job – 40% of these deaths are from falls. What is even more relevant is that 30% of these
falls are attributed to equipment being inadequate for the job, removed, or inappropriately used.
These accidents could be prevented with increased awareness by all parties involved in a project –
oversight of hazards by engineers/safety staff when planning is a major contributor. This paper
focuses on how to solve the issue of unsafe work environments by using automated safety rule
checking to Building Information Models (BIM). They are seeking to automatize hazard
identification during the design process. These programs will identify why, where, when, and what
safety measures must be implemented to prevent a fall–related accident before the construction of a
building even begins. Because safety planning is done separately from project execution there is a
great deal of miscommunication between all parties involved. These issues can be ameliorated
through the use of a universal technology system that would allow project executioners and safety
planners to communicate using the same terms – the less amount of miscommunication, the greater
amount of construction safety. BIM is used because of the ease in which it can provide safety
instruction for construction, design, and

Working My Projects London Wall Place And Key Bridge House
I have gained appreciation of the commercial pressures that the construction industry is exposed to
and how our work as structural engineers is influences by it. I have developed this understanding
through working my projects London Wall Place and Key Bridge House, through graduate training,
reading on the subject and taking part in the Enginuity competition. I understand that at WSP | PB
there are two main ways of reaching an agreement on fee with the Client. Competitive tender, where
we submit a bid i.e. fee proposal appended with CV's of team highlighting competency of the team,
similar projects we have worked on, ......... etc. against other consultants. The Projects are usually
awarded to the lowest tender, but some consultants also take into account other factors like quality,
experience and sustainability issues. Negotiation, where the fees is agreed following discussion
between client and the company. Fee for such projects is not as low as competitive tender and there
is opportunity to discuss the brief at a greater depth at an early stage. I am aware of the different
types of fee arrangements consultants are involved with on construction projects. These include:
lump sum, time charge and target costs. Lump sum fee is where the consultant works for a fixed fee,
agreed with the client, based on the scope of agreed work and arrangements. This is the case for
majority of projects I have been involved with in last 4.5 years, including Merchant Square
Development,

Guest Edited By Mark Garcia
Guest edited by Mark Garcia
Book Review
14th Jan 2015
This book explores the future of details and how details can vary through different aspects of
attempts, fields, aesthetics, narratives, the role of details in the future of architecture itself in terms
of questioning that connection between the digital, the virtual and that of the physical and
applicable. Here we are looking at details as a whole, as a way/ways of practicing architecture.
Laying out all the different possibilities there are for rather justifiable or non–justifiable architecture
fast beyond the present time to the near future.
For many years I have questioned these dilemmas; trying to understand how the virtual world and
the coming future of architecture is being translated into real architecture yet conveying its meaning
and approach to the existed world and us, and I mean by us not only architects or students of
architecture but people, inhabitants and users.
This translation is somehow getting lost from the digital through to the commitment of construction,
but maybe the lost and the forgotten can become the interesting and the innovative. However, this
contrast is rather intriguing and clever as it expands our possibilities and energies through the
different ways of applying architecture.
"I'm not interested in living in a fantasy world ... All my work is still meant to evoke real
architectural spaces. But what interests me is what the world would be like if we were free of
conventional

Construction Engineering : Project Manager
Ever looked at a building and thought to yourself "Wow, that looks amazing", perhaps you have
wanted to help, or even create something like that or better. If so, you may want to try and be a
construction engineer. Construction engineers deal with planning, construction management, and
many more important things. When looking for a career in construction engineering, you must look
for a good school in which to get the proper education and training for a career in construction
engineering; you may want to considered choosing Texas Tech University as your school.
Construction engineer's must provide support to the project managers, whatever it is they may need
help with, perhaps they need help creating conceptual sketch designs, and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The problems may range from running low on funds for the project, to perhaps a machine has
stopped working, then what? Would you know that to do if that were to happen, would you be able
to keep a leveled head and find a way past the delay in order to continue on schedule? When things
like that happen you must its perfect to have such skills mentioned from before, keeping calm and
solving the problem is the best course of action. you must always be prepared to deal with such
things no matter what the situation or problem may be holding in store for you. If you are not a
problem solver then nothing would get done and the project would be getting held back and not only
a few hours but maybe a day or even days back because of the fact that you were not a problem
solver. Other than being a problem solver, one must also have a good, if not a great, grasp on maths.
Engineering always requires maths for doing equations and measuring in order to draw sketches and
keep budget or to keep count of the amount of supplies you have in your possession. You may need
other subjects, other than just math, in order to get the job done, but nothing is more important to an
engineer than his grasp on math. (ask1) For construction engineers their working conditions always
vary from being indoors to being outdoors. Since the construction engineers

Building Information Model Research Paper
B.UILDING I.NFORMATION M.ODELLING INTRODUCTION: The construction industry in the
21st century is facing a huge challenge. Building Information Modeling(BIM) is emerging as a
technological, procedural and strategic new approach to the fields of Architecture, Engineering and
Construction providing a way for iterating, documenting and managing a design through most of its
life–cycle from conceptual design, design development to construction through operations and
management. The bulk of the time spent on a design project is in the detailed design and
construction document phases of a project, while the building's general appearance, performance
and cost are largely decided during conceptual design. Since CAD easily helps visualize the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Commercial data will be managed by enterprise resource planning software and integrated by
proprietary interfaces or bespoke middleware. This level of BIM may utilise 4D construction
sequencing and/or 5D cost information. The Government's BIM Strategy Paper calls for the industry
to achieve Level 2 BIM by 2016. Level 3 A fully integrated and collaborative process enabled by
'web services' and compliant with emerging Industry Foundation Class (IFC) standards. This level of
BIM will utilise 4D construction sequencing, 5D cost information and 6D project lifecycle
management information. In the future it is hoped that all members of the professional and
construction team will have invested in compatible technology, will have trained their staff, and will
have fed design information, costing and programming information and other material into the
single, centrally managed BIM model. It is likely to be some time before BIM systems are so
universally used, and to such a high degree of sophistication. Whilst many larger organisations are
already making full use of BIM systems, even they have some way to go to achieve the ultimate
fully–integrated BIM level. It will be years before the majority of construction firms make such full
use of BIM systems. In the meantime professional team members, contractors, and sub–contractors
with design responsibility will find themselves at different stages of BIM preparedness. There

Various Aspects Of Augmented Reality Essay
1) Introduction
The purpose of this report is to explain various aspects of Augmented Reality. This Report briefly
describes the technology used, types, applications, cost of implementation, merits and demerits of
Augmented Reality.
Suppose you have a gadget, which displays information about the things you look at. For example,
you focus on a hotel and it displays everything available on internet about that hotel like its menu
and reviews by customers, or points towards a stranger sitting in front of you in the bus and it
displays his facebook profile etc. Not only these things this technology has much greater
possibilities. Figure 1: Retrieved from http://images.google.com/
Augmented reality (AR) is the combined view of our surrounding with digital information
superimposed on it. It superimposes details about that particular thing available on internet, some
images and videos and GPS data. As a result, this technology improves the user's ability to see the
real world things by providing all necessary details in front of his eyes to him. The major point that
distinguish Augmented Reality from Virtual Reality is that Virtual Reality completely overlaps the
real world with simulated one while Augmented Reality allows the user to view the real world with
just small alterations to include details of particular things. So, from user's point of view both real
and virtual world would exist at same place. The advance augmented reality technology can
recognise various types of

How Do We Execute Our Construction Projects?
Let us first take a look through to some other major business and technology trends we are facing
today that will impact how we execute our construction projects. It is no secret that we are living in
a highly competitive environment, thanks to the global financial crisis there are fewer available
projects with more contractors vying for them. Owners and governments increasingly demand that
you deliver their complex projects faster and at a lower cost. You need to provide more accurate cost
estimates and material quantities to ensure that you stay on budget and because project timelines are
shrinking you have to manage projects with as few time and cost intensive RF eyes and change
orders as possible. In addition owners and governments are increasingly savvy and expect you to
have new qualifications before awarding the work. The construction industry is realigning in a
fundamental way that is construction firms like yours are driving integrated practices in more
effective production cycles by taking more control of the supply chain. The industry is under
pressure to reduce waste both to protect the environment and to increase profitability. Over the past
several years it has been documented that the construction industry produces 30% waste. That
means 1 out of 3 dollars spent on project is wasted. When you consider construction is a 7 trillion
dollar global industry that's a tremendous amount of wasted money. There are several ways
construction firms are trying to reduce

How Can Bim Technology Assist in Optimising the Life Cycle...
Paper for the 16th Pacific Rim Real Estate Society Conference Wellington, New Zealand 24–27
January 2010. How can BIM Technology assist in optimising the Life Cycle Cost of a Building? By
Francis Pf Lai, Dulani Halvitigala, John Boon, Roger Birchmore Department of Construction,
Unitec New Zealand Abstract The complexity of a modern construction project, especially in a fast
track environment, necessities the use of Building Information Management (BIM) system to
manage such a project to provide the necessary probable cost outcomes of alternative designs ahead
of the actual construction times. The visualization of such alternative designs through 'prototyping'
design solutions has the definite advantage of identifying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The full Ecotect analysis is then applied to the design to capture the effects to the building over time
by simulated visualized outcomes in the form of 2D drawings representing the differing time spans
of the life of the building. The benefits of using BIM in modern construction project management
have been well recognized. Eastman et al (2008)[7], for instance, have described the use of BIM for
developing models that enable computational based analysis and simulation to be undertaken.
Soubra (2008)[8] has discussed the ability of BIM to model "comforts" including thermal, visual,
acoustic and air quality. Vaizidou (2007)[9] has highlighted the benefit of BIM's modelling
technique in using the x–y–z axes for representations of time line: project tasks: design outputs in
projects. The concept of the x–y–z axes, which will be discussed to a fuller detail later in this paper,
is of particular relevance as it illustrates the simple idea of representation of the outcomes from
Ecotect applications. The use of BIM techniques has therefore achieved widespread commercial use
in building designs. "The Contractors' Guide to BIM" published by The American General
Contractors Association[10] identifies BIM as a tool that enables the construction industry to: "more
efficiently operate in new and increasingly expeditious ways. Initially, BIM and 3D models have
primarily helped eliminate design conflicts with far

The Characteristics Of Baroque Style
Essay 1: Dazzle the Faithful To understand the characteristics of Baroque style is to truly understand
artistic measures of the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. Baroque, a single word describing an entire
period of art, can be broken down into more than one actual form of art. The new European age
birthed this developing style of architecture, coming from ideas on religion and politics. Set apart in
three different countries, visitors of St. Peter's Basilica, Versailles, and Hampton Court Palace,
engulf themselves in historic Baroque styles and beauty. The international style "was reinterpreted in
different regions so that three distinct manifestations of the style emerged" (Matthews 392). The
florid, classical, and restrained baroque design of the three different buildings gives us a historic
lesson on the reasoning behind its purpose. First, we visit St. Peter's Basilica and Adjoining Piazza
in Rome. The beautiful structure still used today, initially was brought to fruition by Donato
Bramante as a temple shaped like a Greek cross. Quickly Pope Paul V rejected the design, deeming
the Greek cross to be pagan–like. He commissioned Carlo Maderno to make some changes to the
floor plan, adjusting the look into a Latin cross. The florid baroque styles are seen entering the Apse
and Alter, which "symbolized the power and richness of the church" (392). The sculptures
throughout, specifically in the Apse, are dramatic and real, shunning classical styles. Therefore, St.

The Project Of Cathedral Hill Hospital With Lean Culture
Figure 11. The Project of Cathedral Hill Hospital with Lean Culture Other Lean techniques that the
researcher obtained through analyzing collected data are "customer–supplier" standpoints and the
Plan Do Study Act (PDSA) approach. Fundamentally projects utilized Lean principles will pay more
attention on the demands of customers to supply exactly what they need and require; therefore, this
technique significantly reduce needlessly waste of the project. Likewise, PDSA is mentioned in the
continuous improvement of the project life cycle with the following definitions of each factor: Plan:
Adjustments or innovations in consideration of achieving the project improvement. Do: Execution
of necessary changes and modifications. Study: Outcomes of the changes. What are needed to
improve? What are required to eliminate? Act: Acceptances or declines of changes. Owner
participation in LIB. The responsibility of owners unquestionably affects the project performance
and objectives, particularly in LIB–cooperating ones as a result of IPD and Lean characteristics that
need to be decided as the beginning of the project. One of the owner's ability is to notice the
expecting changes in design and construction phases as well as the life–cycle and services. In
reality, the early participation and well–timed decisions of the owner obviously reduce a
considerable amount of time during the whole planning, designing, and constructing processes. As
reported by project team members from

Programming for a Better Future
Programing for a Better Future The world has become extremely depended on technology. But
hardly anyone takes time to think about all the hard work that has been put into creating the
technology and programs. Computer programing is a vast field with many different categories. The
different subcategories are desktop application programming, core programming, system
programming, and programming science. Within the different categories there are subcategories.
The different subcategories contain various job descriptions ranging from constructing new
computer language to creating a new application such as Java. One of the main and most important
categories is system programming. Programming Science is a type of advanced programing which
develops computing technologies, programing languages and data mining. Even though some
people do not have to specialize, it would be the best option. The different specialties are algorithm
design, programming languages, artificial intelligence, robotics, scientific programming,
supercomputing, computer aided design, virtual reality and computer graphics. Algorithm design is
constructing a specific method to mathematical process. Programming languages is having a
computer programmer write instructions for a computer to follow. Artificial intelligence is when
human like intelligence is shown and experienced by machines or software. Robotics is a branch of
technology that consists of design, construction, operation and application of robots.

A New Methodology For Monitoring Using Smartphones Essay
Recent studies have attempted to automate monitoring progress of construction projects. Typical
practice for progress tracking mostly depends on supervisors daily or weekly reports, which requires
Intensive manual data collection. This paper presents a new methodology for monitoring using
smartphones. This is done by proposing newly developed applications called "BIM Track" and
"BIM Phase" using Building Information Modelling. Building Information Models usage rapidly
enlarged in the past years. "BIM track" is an android application that the end–user can use to update
the activities progress from a remote location. This data is used to update the project's 5D model
enhanced with different cost parameters such as earned value and planned value. "BIM–Phase"
application is a mobile Augmented Reality (AR) application that is utilized during construction
phase through implementing a 4D model integrated with an augmented 5D video. This video
presents the 5D model updated from the "BIM Track". A case study is presented to demonstrate the
uses of the proposed application to track construction projects. Introduction Nowadays, Mobile
hand–held devices are being used massively in different applications. Portability and accessibility
granted the mobile hand–held devices such as smartphones and computer tablets a great advantage
that attempt recent studies to automate the process of construction site monitoring. Developing a
BIM model for a project contributes to projects' success

LEED Certification-What Is It And Why Does It Matter?
Architects and customers can communicate over the internet too. Just 15 years ago, to look at design
changes, the customer and architect would have to meet face to face. This alone can set the project
behind because often the customers do not have time to fit in a meeting in the same day. Today,
when there is a design change, architects can email pictures within seconds. Not only can they share
images, but they can communicate without being in the same place. This benefits architecture in
many ways. One of these is architects can get back to designing to finish the design with the new
changes that they talked about five minutes ago. Not only can the architect send the design to the
customer, but also to architects within the same business. This benefits the overall design because it
LEED certified homes work by creating a home with less impact on the environment. "Buildings are
rated on their ability to maximize the efficiency of their operations while minimizing their impact on
the environment." (LEED Certification– What Is It and Why Does It Matter?) There are three levels
of efficiency including silver, gold, and platinum. The way to achieve higher levels is to get more
LEED points in certain categories such as how much energy the building used in a month. After
adding these points together, the architect then checks the charts to see what level the house is in.
These levels can be great selling points when selling to a customer that is interested in helping the
environment. The higher the LEED level, the more interest that the building can bring in. Also,
being LEED certified can be a great advantage when a customer is deciding what architect that they
are going to use. A few ways that these buildings can get points are being efficient with energy,
water, waste, and the materials used to construct the

Bim Revolutionise Qs Profession
1) Introduction 2) Building Information Modelling (BIM), how it may revolutionise the QS
profession 3) The Differences Between CAD and BIM 4) Highlight and discuss the future strategic
skills of QS due to the advent of BIM and such like 5) References Introduction Nowadays, the
advent of information technology era has ushered in Building Information Modelling (BIM). ▪ It is
an innovative new approach to building design, construction and management which has been
introduced by AUTODESK (2002). ▪ BIM have an impact on most areas of business management
and operation. ▪ It changed the way industry professionals worldwide think about how technology
can be applied to building design, construction and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When we enter the supplier's information, automatically current price of the item will be inserted in
the digital data information. The core process of 3D modelling for measurement produces model
that can be divided for many other purposes at marginal cost. For instance ▪ clash detection, ▪
construction sequences ▪ printing physical models ▪ presentation and visualisation, ▪ speeding up the
process of understanding information about the project ▪ communicating it to those who are not so
adept at reading drawings Apart from that, the mode of communication between the construction
professionals also changed due to introduction of BIM in the construction industry. This is because,
the building product model is used as a tool to communicate with other professionals about costing
where this situation will reduced the QS time spend in communicating with architects, engineers,
contractors and client. By using this building product model, people will get a clearer view in what
the QS explained about. Next, with the introduction of BIM, the progress of works in all stages will
be reduced. This is due to the sophisticated software where any correction on the drawing will be
automatically updated on the building model and there is no need for other profession to revise

Analysis Of 1960 's With The Start Of Cad
Three dimensional (3D) simulations have begun in the 1960's with the start of CAD. CAD is known
as "Computer Aided Drafting" and has been used to creating three dimensional designs in the
construction field. Many people in the construction field believe that 3D simulation could waste a
lot of time because some people may not be able to read or to understand the design in a 3D
simulation. But, as technology have been upgrading and updating to today's technology, three
dimensional simulations have been efficient and useful to the construction field. Since 3D
simulations have been changed over the past decade, there are many different types of programs that
the construction field uses such as BIM, CAD, and so on. Three dimensional simulations will be the
future in the construction field because 3D simulations will be replacing blueprints, BIM will be the
next format to creating a blueprint, and 3D simulation will be useful in the construction field. As the
arrival of three dimensional simulations have entered into the construction field, 3D simulations will
be the technology that will be replacing blueprints and any other two dimensional documents, which
are hand drawn designs that are drawn on to paper (Becker). From this, 3D simulations can have
information about real life situation and properties. The first shift to using three dimensional
simulations began with CAD. CAD is defined as "Computer Aided Drafting." CAD was used to
creating three dimensional designs and models

Technology Building Information Modeling ( Bim ) And The...
1 INTRODUCTION This report will focus on the technology Building Information Modeling (BIM)
and the connections between ethics, environment and innovation. As part of the course TFL200 one
of the main topics was to apply the philosophy of systems thinking in order to get a holistic
overview of the topic. The concept of BIM has existed since the 1970s, but has just recently started
to see an increase in use as better software becomes available and the value is recognized. As
facilities become more complex, BIM–software assist with virtual construction prior to its actual
physical construction, this aids in reducing uncertainty, improved safety, collision detection and
problem solving as well as to simulate and analyze the construction. Compared to traditional
methods of building design, there is considerable more useful information that can be put into a
BIM–model. This leads to better quantities and shared properties of materials extraction, as well as
waste minimization and prefabrication of products delivered just in time rather than being stockpiled
on site. 2 Research question(s) Building information modelling is a relatively new and developing
technology which many companies have implemented in their practices. This leads to the research
question(s) in this report: What are the benefits and challenges of using BIM over the traditional
methods in the Norwegian construction scene, and how will innovation in this field affect the future
of construction? 3 THEORY AND

Bim Tools Research Paper
Using BIM Tools The goal of integrating BIM tools into your business process is to improve
efficiency, constructability and predictability on your projects. This can be done with a combination
of BIM tools that enable collaborating, coordinating and communicating during all phases of
development, from design, through preconstruction, construction and operation. The entire project
team, including designers, contractors, subcontractors, project management and building
management can communicate openly.
Here are the tools that BIM technology offers:
3D Modeling You and your customer can see exactly how the project will look before construction
begins. This enables better and faster decisions with fewer problems and revisions during the build
phase. The 3D modeling provides a virtual ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The level of costing detail in the model will vary depending on the project phase. You will need to
develop methods and standards for object development that support the level of detail required for
useful estimates. Add the costing to the 4D model which includes time, and you will be able to
budget for various costs over the phases of the project.
The BIM model can be displayed on a PC tablet. This can make for better efficiency, because you
and your team can access the BIM model and scheduling information wherever you are on the job
site. Taking the BIM model out into the field of construction in a portable format saves time and
allows for on–site coordination and collaboration no matter where you are.
Once all the tasks from the schedule are linked to their corresponding 3D elements, the 4D
simulation can be viewed. The simulation shows the progress of tasks taking place on a Day–to–Day
basis. Planning of the labor and resources can be done for any particular element of the building by
simply scrolling down to a particular date in the course of construction in the

Concrete Masonry Corportation Case Study
Case Study: Concrete Masonry Corporation (CMC)
Long Range Planning
A plan is an organised way of doing something. An effective plan is one that has been arranged after
careful consideration, for conducting a future activity. The term "planning" denotes organising how
something should be done, especially how a company should be run to make profits.
Planning is the process of selecting realistically attainable business objectives and formulating the
general policies and the specific directions needed to achieve these objectives.
Long range planning can be defined as an exercise aimed at formulating a long–term plan, to meet
future needs estimated usually by extrapolation of present or known needs. It begins with the current
Unless this can be achieved, the venture would not be making a meaningful contribution to society,
and there would be no justification for being in business".
Organisational Structure
In 1967, CMC incorporated project management into their business model. They decided to utilise
the Matrix organisational structure. This structured can be defined as an attempt to combine the
advantages of the pure functional structure and the product organisational structure. It has been said
that this structure is particularly suited for construction companies as they are "project driven".
Each project manager reports directly to the senior leadership in the company. Due to each project
being a potential source of revenue, the power and authority used by the project managers came
directly from the senior leadership. The project manager had complete responsibility and
accountability for project success.
I believe this organisational structure was effective at the start of the company's existence given that
CMC initially was a virtual pioneer in the field of prestressed concrete. In the beginning of the
companies lifespan, CMC provide a "one stop shop" when a client could utilise CMC for all aspects
of prestressed concrete incorporation into their construction project (sales, estimating, engineering,
distribution). With limited competition at the time, CMC were highly sought after as they provided a
product

Architecture And Construction Management : Building...
BIM (Building Information Modeling) is a 3D model–based process that gives architecture,
engineering, and construction (AEC) professionals the insight and tools to more efficiently plan,
design, construct, and manage buildings and infrastructure. According to AutoDesk, BIM is proving
useful in providing continuous and immediate availability of project design scope, schedule, and
cost information that is high quality, reliable, integrated, and fully co–ordinated. Graphisoft defines
BIM as the use of 3D virtual models of buildings, as well as a process of managing and collecting
building data. Both companies are the leading manufacturers of BIM software platforms. However,
the best definition is one that is provided by the US National ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This report outlines 15 major advantages of using BIM software following by a description of 10
critical conflicts in the Tekla demo model as a practical exercise. Tekla BIMsight is a software
application for building information model–based construction project collaboration. It can import
models from other BIM applications using the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) format, also DWG
and DGN. With Tekla BIMsight, users can perform spatial co–ordination (clash or conflict
checking) to avoid design and constructability issues, and communicate with others in their
construction project by sharing models and notes. (Wilkes,2012) 15 MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF
USING BIM SOFTWARE 1. Integration – BIM integrates plans, sections, details, graphics, and data
in ways not possible in 2D. 2. Cost Saving – reduction in building, operation and overhead cost.
Waste elimination. *20% reduction in build costs and 33% reduction is costs over the lifetime of the
building. 3. Time Saving – The period which is spent on the design can be cut by about half at half
the cost. Moreover, "half time at half cost" will not just save the money, it is also reducing the time
to the market. 4. Current information – BIM provides easy to access concurrent information on
performance of the project to the client, design team and the construction team 5. Human resource –
BIM users believe that BIM can reduce human resource during the entire operation phase.

Life On Screen By Sherry Turkle
According to social psychologists Wang, Tchernev, and Solloway, people engage with social
networking sites in order to meet four basic needs: to satisfy emotional needs about one 's self–
image, to build a knowledge base of issues and to have that knowledge afford by peers, to maintain
social interaction with friends and family & to form habits of relaxation or catharsis. Each social
media account consists of carefully curated and mediated content with the intention of portraying a
fragmented or pseudo personality to the masses. Web 2.0 changed our status as audiences and
consumers, enhancing creativity and individualism in contrast to traditional media that encouraged
mass culture and passivity. For once, the audience and consumer have control of the narrative and
whether a person uses social media to keep in contact with family and friends, for research or to
present themselves as an expert in a topic or as a form of entertainment, every act is a form of
performativity and a subconscious subscription to a base set of values. Sherry Turkle in her book
Life on Screen describes the computer as our second self in which due to the rapidly expanding
internet we are now linked to millions of people and places across the globe, it's via these
transnational relationships our sense of identity is transformed. These relationships enable virtual
communities to form between people that talk to each other every day but have never physically
met. Within a larger cultural context, we are

Building Information Modelling And Management Techniques...
Research Paper
'How BIM affects a construction manager's role and through management techniques improved
organisational and employee performances'
6106BEUG
Business Management
623963
Word Count – 1500
i. Abstract
Building information modelling (BIM) is a new technology that is undoubtedly reshaping the
construction industry as we know it. BIM is designed to change the way in which we communicate.
The biggest construction industry client is the government. They back the use of BIM on projects in
such a way that they announced as part of their construction strategy that BIM enabled projects will
be mandatory by 2016 on all public projects.
This research will establish how BIM will affect a construction manager's role with a project whilst
analysis of how both organisational and employee performances can be improved with the use.
Chapter 1 – Introduction
1.1 Rationale
As BIM is becoming more and more recognized within the construction industry, more construction
organisations are aware of the advantages it can bring to their business. Many organisations are not
aware of the benefits that BIM can bring to a job role with in the business.
Fully functional BIM can offer each person within a project team advantages from design stage to
complete and operational, these benefits can make a project life cycle a more efficient process,
which in turn makes the business a more successful business.
The potential impact BIM can have when used to the full capability on

The New Zealand Construction Industry Essay
Executive Summery
The BIM introduction into the New Zealand's construction industry has been discovered as the step
to improve productivity and to improve efficiency. This paper seeks to the application of BIM to the
New Zealand construction industry successfully and to the proper analyzing of the growth of BIM in
New Zealand. Also this report elaborates the opportunity of BIM in New Zealand's construction
industry as well as compared with the other major countries using BIM. Furthermore, in this
literature, the future expectation of BIM in New Zealand is discussed.
The industrial change in New Zealand and the effects of adopting BIM in the construction projects
are explained by taking case studies. Comparison with the other countries who uses BIM with New
Zealand is done to analyses the global changes. And the report is made with help and reference from
many BIM surveys conducted.
Contents
Executive Summery 1
Introduction 3
References 12
Introduction
real building. By creating a BIM model,

Design And Construction Of Cluster Teams
Also recognized through collected case studies, assembling of cluster teams plays a crucial roles in
the project teams distribution, such as mechanical, electrical, & plumbing engineering (MEP),
structural, etc. This concept not only helps increase the organization and team management, also
constitutes and develops a truly environment of interdependence, communication, and cooperation.
Based on some healthcare projects, the cluster teams involve in both design and construction phases
with the ability to set up the Target Design Value (TDV), another tool from Lean theory discussed
later in this section, and strengthen IPD applications by integrating all participants in the decision–
making and throughout the entire delivery process. Figure 7, for instance, gives a typical case of
cluster groups observed from data collection part. Figure 7. An Example of a Cluster Team from
Mission Bay Medical Center, UCSF, CA (Enache–Pommer, 2010). The Last Planner System (LPS).
This perception is very common in Lean approach and typically necessary in LIB–based projects,
especially in almost healthcare case studies analyzed in this paper. The constitutional reasons of
implementing LPS in construction projects are to delivery projects quickly and safely, establish
predicting programs, develop the whole project productivity, create and maintain the believability
from customers with just–in–time shipments, and substitute the traditional critical path method
(CPM). Generally, LPS decides the

The Intellectual Property Case Study
Intellectual Property Case Study
1) Introduction:
Trademark : A trademark is a recognizable insignia, phrase or other symbol that denotes a specific
product or service and legally differentiates it from all other products. It also serves to exclusively
identify a product or service with a specific company, and is a recognition of that company 's
ownership of the brand. Trademarked products are generally considered a form of property. Most
countries have agencies through which businesses can have their products trademarked. One of the
main purposes of having a product trademarked is to protect the product from being used without
permission of the source company. Most countries have patent laws which are designed to protect
against copyright infringement. International copyright regulation is much more complicated, as
there exists no universally recognized patent office.
Patent : A patent is a government license that gives the holder exclusive rights to a process, design
or new invention for a designated period of time. Applications for patents are usually handled by a
government agency. You can use a patent to protect your invention. It gives you the right to take
legal action against anyone who makes, uses, sells or imports it without your permission.
To be granted a patent, your invention must be all of the following:
Something that can be made or used
New
Inventive – not just a simple modification to something that already exists
You can't patent certain types of

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