COCONUT: HARVESTING, POST HARVESTING AND BY-PRODUCTS. COCONUT IS A PLANTATION CROPS QUITE POPULAR IN TROPICAL COUNTRIES AND CONSUMED IN DIFFERENT WAYS AND STYLES ACROSS THE GLOBE. THIS PRESENATION HIGHLIGHTS THE LIFE OF COCONUT FROM HARVESTING TO THE MAKING OF FINAL PRODUCTS.

1. COCONUT
Harvesting
Post Harvesting
By Product
BY: AYUSH MISHRA

2. Introduction
The coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) grows throughout the
tropics and is widely called the “tree of life” for its important
role in smallholders’ livelihoods as a direct source of cash
income, nutrition and materials. In the Pacific those benefits
include shade for other crops, land stabilization, food and
drink, and material for construction, weaving, containers, fuel
and other uses.
Indonesia,Philippines and India are three biggest coconut
producing countries.
Technically the coconut is a drupe not a nut.

3. HARVESTING
of
COCONUT

4.  Coconut yield 80-100 nuts/ palm/ year.
Coconut usually matures about 12-13 months
after opening of inflorescence.
 To get maximum yield of copra and oil, the
mature nut should be harvested, if they are
harvested immature the yield of copra and oil
is considerably reduced depending upon the
time of immature harvesting.
 Fully mature nut have 30-40 % coir. Coconut
water contain 94.5% water + vitamin C +
vitamin B + sugar +fiber.

5. 1. Producers from certain countries do not harvest
their coconuts.Mature nuts are just left to fall on
the ground and gathered by the farmers at
regular intervals.
2. In some places where the trees are not tall,
harvesting is done by cutting the bunches with a
knife, attached to a long bamboo pole.
Harvesting methods

6. 3. Climbing method: climbing on
the top of tree with a harvesting
knife and cutting the ripe nuts
down by hand is commonly
practiced.
Climbing is done with the help of a
rope ring around the feet and the
ankles of the climbers or by using a
ladder.

7. Yield
 Average yield: 80-100 nuts/palm/year
 Dwarf variety: 70-80 nuts/palm/year
 Tall variety: 80-100 nuts/palm/year
 Hybrids: 100-130 nuts/palm/year

8. Post Harvest-
Techniques &
Processes

9.  Fully matured nuts should be harvested.
 For collection of seednuts/tender coconuts
the bunches should be harvested & broad
down using rope.
 Copra to be dried to 6% moisture by sun
drying or using copra driers.
 Copra can be stored up to 6 months in
polythene tar coated gunny bags.
 For household storage the nuts may be kept
in vertical position.

10. DEHUSKING
Manual dehusking with the help of an
iron rod driven to the ground in
strenuous and skill oriented . Presently
mechanical device are used for
dehusking.

11. COPRA PROCESSING
The optimum moisture content in copra
is 5-6%. Sun drying, smoke drying, kiln
drying & indirect hot air drying are
commonly used drying methods.

12. SUN DRYING
 Traditional system of copra drying is by
spreading the cups on any open surface.
 It takes about 8days for sun drying.
 Deposition of dirt, dust & cloudy weather
affects the quality of copra.

13. SOLAR DRYING
 Use of closed type solar dryer avoids the
quality of deterioration of copra due to
deposition of dirt.
 Drying time is reduced to 3-4 days.
 Solar cabinet dryer of 100 nuts capacity
takes 3 days for drying.

14. INDIRECT DRYING
Various techniques of indirect drying are:
1. Small holder copra dryer
2. Large holder copra dryer
3. Smoke free copra dryer for medium holding
4. Electrical copra dryer

15. COPRA GRADING
 Copra is graded in the order of its market value.
 Grading is mainly based on moisture content, foreign
matter & black copra.
 The maximum limit for them are 10%, 2% & 5%
respectively.
 The different types of copra on the basis are :-
1. Good quality copra (moisture 6%, oil content 71%, black
copra 1%)
2. Milling copra (moisture content 6%, foreign matter 1%)
3. Edible ball copra (foreign matter 0.2%, moisture 1%)

16. STORAGE OF COPRA
 Dry the produce to 4% moisture content.
 Avoid heap storage which cause maximum
damage.
 Store copra in netted polythene or gunny
bags.

17. COCONUT PRODUCTS &
ITS MANUFACTURING IN
INDIA

18. Strength of Indian coconut industry
 India is the leading producer of coconuts
producing 13 billion nuts per annum.
 It is the premier coir manufacturing country in
the world.
 Produces best milling copra in the world yielding
high grade coconut oil known for its aroma and
flavor.
 Wide range of edible and non edible products are
exported to rest of the world.

19. Coconut products of India

20. Coconut water
 It is the free nuclear endosperm.
 It is consumed throughout the tropical world.
 It is introduced into retail market as processed
sports drink.
 Coconut water can be fermented to use coconut
vinegar.
 100g of c.water contains 19 calories.

21. Coconut milk
 It is obtained by extracting juice by pressing the
grated coconut white kernel.
 It has a fat content of 24%.
 Milks are used to produce virgin coconut oil by
control heating.
 Protein rich powder can be processed from
coconut milk following centrifugation, separation
and spray drying.

22. Coconut oil
It is commonly used for cooking
specially for frying.
It can be used in liquid form as
vegetable oil or in solid form as butter.
It is commonly used as a hair oil and
conditioner.

23. Toddy and Nectar
 The sap derived from incising the flower clusters and is
drunk as “Neera/Toddy/Tuba/Tauk” twice a day.
 When left to ferment on its own it becomes palm wine.
 Palm oil is distilled to produce “Arrack” also called as
“coconut vodka”.
 It can be reduced further to yield coconut sugar also
referred as palm sugar or jaggery.

24. Copra
 Copra is the dried meat of the seed and after
processing produces coconut oil and coconut
meal .
 Coconut oil apart from being used as
vegetable oil is also used in cosmetics soaps
and message oil.
 Coconut oil is also main ingredient in
ayurvedic oils.

25. Beauty Products
 Coconut are used in beauty industry in
moisturizers and body butters as coconut
oil is readily absorbed by skin.
 Coconut is also source of lauric acid which
can be processed in a particular way to
produce “Sodium lauryl sulfate”, a
detergent used in shower gel and
shampoos.

26. THANKS