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Kant's Essay: A Perfect Duty
Kant explains that a perfect duty "is one you MUST obey–usually these are defined in negative
terms–you must not lie, you must not steal, you must not murder." (Kant) On the other hand, Kant
explains an imperfect duty as "one you should do if you can, but you may use your judgement."
(Kant) I personally believe that is undoubtably easier to fulfill a perfect duty rather than an
imperfect duty. This is because with an imperfect duty, feelings are much more considered and taken
into account. Although many individuals love helping others, their laziness can sometimes get in
their way. It is much easier for a law abiding citizen that is morally aware to not steal or murder.
However, Kant believes that a perfect duty also entails not lying. Lying
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Immanuel Kant And Kant On Morality
The general definition of morality is the rules for right action and prohibitions against wrong acts.
Sometimes morality is the single set of absolute rules and prohibitions that are valid for all men at
all times and all societies. More loosely, a morality can be any set of ultimate principles, and there
may be any number of moralities in different societies. Examples would be don't cheat, don't steal,
and treat others as you would want to be treated. When dealing with the philosophers take on
morality, there are two which are usually compared to one another, Immanuel Kant and David Hume.
Immanuel Kant had many theories throughout his philosophical time. Here are some of his ethical
works, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788),
and the Metaphysics of Morals (1797), which contains both "the Doctrine of Right" and "the
Doctrine of Virtue." He also had some other works of importance to his moral philosophy including
the Critique of the Power of Judgment (1790), Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason
(1793), and Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View (1798). Here are some of Hume's main
ethical writings, A Treatise on Human Nature (1739–40), especially books two and three, and in An
Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751). Also relevant to Hume 's ethics are various
essays, such as "Of Suicide" (1777), parts of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748),
and his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
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Immanuel Kant And Kant 's Philosophy Essay
Immanuel Kant in his work "An answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?" reflects his
understanding of immaturity as the main source for not being enlighten(p.41). It is true that Kant
animalized human beings ,"It is so easy to be immature" is best understood as an attack towards
human beings' because of our naivetГ©. It is only normal for us to apprehend knowledge from others.
Immanuel Kant emphasizes on the lack of self–esteem, caring, and trustworthiness in ourselves. The
lack of zeal to discover what is good for thyself and what is not. An immature person has always
been known as somebody who cannot take care of himself. The immature will never seek to
understand on his own but borrow ideologies from others. According to Kant immaturity is the
inability to use one's understanding without guidance from another (WE p.41). Assuredly, we can
see throughout the text that Kant is not stressing on an age or period in our lives to be able to
eventually be matured enough to takes "grown up" affairs into consideration and become mature.
What he really means is that we must learn how to be dependent by ourselves, Kant states" for
after falling a few times they would end. certainly learn to walk ( WE p.41). However, the claim
that Kant mentioned does not mean that we must learn how to become geniuses by our own instinct,
this would be quite a ludicrous claim to state, but he is trying to emphasize on the fact that we take
too much time to do so after we have the means and
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Kant: Formulas of Universal Law and Humanity
Karthik Keni
William Reckner
Philosophy 22
30 November 2010
Kant: Formulas of Universal Law and Humanity Kant's philosophy was based around the theory that
we have a moral unconditional obligation and duty that he calls the "Categorical Imperative." He
believes that an action must be done with a motive of this moral obligation, and if not done with this
intention then the action would hold no moral value. Under this umbrella of the "Categorical
Imperative" he presents three formulations that he believes to be about equal in importance,
relevance, and could be tested towards any case. The first formulation known as the Formula of
Universal Law consists of a methodical way to find out morality of actions. The second formulation
is known as...show more content...
It would be impossible to follow such a rule of not utilizing people as means towards an end,
however this formulation is trying to emphasize that all rational beings "must be treated never as
a mere means but as the supreme limiting condition in the use of all means...as an end at the
same time." Instead of seeing other rational beings as just tools towards a personal goal, we
should see the benefit of others and "Humanity" as our end objective, rather than the means. Kant
truly introduces the idea of respect in the formulation because it seems genuinely wrong to treat
other rational humans as mere means with no other kind of value. One has to recognize, even
with the significance of oneself having desires and treating oneself as the end, that what makes
me unique as a logical and thinking being also resides in everyone else. Thus we determine that
everyone else must also see themselves as ends and my means to my ends are no more significant
than another rational being. In the case of the doctor's moral dilemma, the Formula of Humanity
would be the same answer because of various reasons. First, Kant is a firm believer in not being
deceitful and thus the doctor should follow the moral action of telling the truth. The formulation
also preaches that we should recognize that others are a basis of value by treating their chosen ends
as good, and following their happiness as they see it. So in this case, the patient's
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Immanuel Kant Philosophy Paper
Eassy#2
Topic #5 (Kant)
Nick Petersen
Immanuel Kant Philosophy Paper
Kant's new foundation of modern science forever changed the philosophical world. He recognized
defects in both the rationalists' and the empiricists' traditions. These two terms, rationalist and
empiricist, are the two ideas that make up Epistemology. Epistemology in itself is the idea of what
knowledge can be and it deals with what knowledge is and how we deal with it. Rationalism is the
concept of ideas that we naturally have and deduction, this is A Priori. Empiricism is the concept in
induction, sense perception and no innate ideas, which is A Posteriori. These two ideas were so
different they were thought to be polar opposites. Both sides had many influential philosophers
...show more content...
He based it off this ideas about his ideas about synthetic a priori judgements when he applied them to
aesthetics, ethics and political philosophy. Kant's ethics is based on the idea that we simply apply
rationality to action and if we do that we should act in universally valid ways or universally
acceptable ways. The issue that lies within that today is what is considered universally acceptable
or moral. If we have no standard definition for acceptable or "what is ok" then where is the
validity in that? There is none. Kant's moral philosophy is quite the interesting one. That is
because Kant seems to believe that there may be a connection between freedom of choice and
freedom of action. If one is free to choose one's objectives or way of life then they must be free to
act upon that choice. This conflicts with itself. If one has the freedom of choice to do whatever
they want and act on that choice then thing will not always necessarily be morally acceptable. In
one of his beliefs he states that one needs to apply rationality to their actions and in this one he says
that one has the freedom to choose as they please and act upon those choices. That statement of the
freedom of choice does not require rationality to be present which contradicts the
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Kant And Kant 's Philosophy
Immanuel Kant was an exceptional philosopher who often fantasized about the wonders of the
human perception. Through the power of imagination in the human mind Kant was able to postulate
possible answers to the great questions of existence. He was daring and bold to wonder what
constitutes the beauty of the human soul, how the existence of an all–powerful entity would be
possible, and also what do human beings really do to perceive their surroundings. With such notable
works as Critiques of Practical Reason, Metaphysics of Morals, and Critique of Judgement, Kant
attempted to answer these great questions. Kant asked powerful questions, questions that would
have and still do have a lot of controversy surrounding them today. Kant often debated the differences
between rationalist and empirical approaches to philosophical issues. Not only were his methods
ingenious, but additionally somewhat unorthodox. With this in mind, what did Kant exactly aim to
why he abandoned traditional philosophical approaches in his works such as Critiques of Practical
Reason and Metaphysics of Morals? Also what prompted him to answer such philosophical
conundrums regarding the perception and experience of the self? And finally what exactly was his
stance on perceivable reality and the complexity of our world? First, what inspired Kant to abandon
traditional and established thoughts of philosophy regarding his views of the human experience? In
order to think about this, one must consider the state of
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kant Essay
Kants' Critiques of Pure reason and Groundwork of the Metaphysics
Kant states that, "In the order of time, therefore, we have no knowledge antecedent to experience,
and with experience all our knowledge begins, but although all of our knowledge begins with
experience, it does not follow that it all arises out of experience,"(CPR,41). What he means is that
we do not rely on experience inorder to have knowledge, but knowledge and experience are
connected for to have knowledge we must begin with experience. There are four types of knowledge
that Kant deduced. A priori, which is knowledge that is independent of experience, knowledge which
is always true, does not rely on a person to experience it inorder for one to realize that it is true. A
...show more content...
Kant affirms that, "Judgments of experience, as such, are one and all synthetic," (CPR, 49). This
makes sense because it would not make sense to found an analytic judgment on experience.
Kant thinks that the general problem of pure reason is contained in the question: How are apriori
synthetic judgments possible? Kant postulates that if he is able to figure out or understand the
conditions in which the sciences are possible to exist he can also figure out the conditions of which
a priori synthetic judgments can exist. Kant defines pure reason as, "that which contains the
principles whereby we know anything absolutely a priori. Phenomena is an object as it is perceived
by the senses, as opposed to a noumena which is an object as it is in itself independent of the mind
(the thing in itself).
Rational beings may align their "will" either with the objective laws of reason and
morality or with subjective needs and interests. Reason's demands may be called
"imperatives." "Hypothetical imperatives" command that a particular action
is necessary as a means to some purpose, such as the attainment of personal happiness. Categorical
imperatives require that some action is necessary in and of itself. Thus the categorical imperative
may be formulated as follows: act only in such a way that you could want the maxim of your action
to become a universal law. This statement can
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Kant And Duty Essay
Kant being the deontologist he is, has an ethical view based on duty; that human act by a moral
system from our duties and obligations. Kant claims that the only thing that intrinsically valuable
is good will. Morality has to focus on the idea of having a good will; it's the unconditional good.
When Kant speaks of duty he doesn't mean we do what's right and wrong based on the good or
bad consequences, for Kant the decisions we make as a result to consequences is highly irrelevant.
That's not why we should follow a duty. He wants us to do our duty not out of self–interest, or to
satisfy our own pleasure. We should do our duty whether we like it or not, not out of fear or
pleasure but because they are morally right. For example, if we lie to a close friend that we
respect, we want to be honest because we care for that person and they deserve the truth, keeping
in mind that if it was a random stranger we wouldn't treat that person the same way because they
don't mean anything to us and we have no relationship with them. In this instance, I think Kant
would say, first, to tell the truth and not deceive because it's your duty and its coming from your
own good will no matter who it is, we are expected to follow our obligations not because its right or
wrong but because we genuinely want to. In another issue, if it applies,...show more content...
Emotions and inclination could cloud the issue on whether or not you're acting morally. First, he
wants us to do what's permissible by law, not to be selfish or from inclination, and act in respect
of the moral law and our duties. To act from duty is to, do what duty requires because its one duty
and for no other reason. The acting from duty aims to directly answer what the motivations was. Are
we doing some action because duty demands it or to satisfy some desire we
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Kant 's Theory Of Rights
Kantian Justice Kant believed that humans beings are rational beings, worthy of dignity and respect.
That the moral action does not consist on the consequences but instead in the intention of why the
act was done. Its important to do what is right because it is right, and not for a personal motive.
Kant does not believe in self–interest to be part of the moral worth. Self–interest such as wants,
desires, and appetites are part of what he calls "motives of inclination". He only believes that actions
done by motive of duty have a moral worth. The differences between duty and inclination is that
inclination involves personal interest, in other words that a person can get benefit by doing the right
thing and not because the individual wants to do it. Duty motive involves individuals that do not get
any personal benefit from their actions. (M.J Sandel, 2009) Kant's theory of rights involves a strict
logical deduction of the principle of justice from the moral law. The principle of justice must fix
human rights that would make any government respect and enforce every individual autonomy. In
Kant's readings, "autonomy is the universal ethical ideal for all individuals, and its realization
requires the political commitment to the legal protection of a set of ahistorical individual rights,
most notably the right to external liberty" (Beck, G., 2006). Autonomy requires positively, obedience
of the moral law. For Kant, autonomy is the end of every individual. Kant believes that
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Kant's Philosophy Research Paper
Kant's Philosophy
People may have different opinions on how differentiating what is good or bad, what is right or
wrong, or how we should or not act. There are a wide variety of different ideas and philosophies,
and people may adapt to what they feel more attracted to or comforted by. Immanuel Kant, a German
philosopher, was one of the most significant philosophers in the history of WesternPhilosophy. He
created the most influential deontological theory (Vaughn, 68). Kant's theory relies in following
rational and universally moral rules and following them without thinking twice. These rules are
similar to our daily duties and routines; just as one do their chores without questioning one should
follow the rules without questioning. The obedience...show more content...
Imperative is a command to do something and categorical stand for no exception. Categorical
imperative states that we do the actions regardless of anything. In the other hand, hypothetical
imperative is more suitable for us. Hypothetical imperative states that if you want something you
will work to deserve it. To achieve the goal you are pursuing, you will go through A,B and C
(Arnold). This is like saying if you want a good body you have to work hard for it. In hypothetical
imperative the reward is what motivates us but in categorical the reward is not significant. Kant
states that we have free will. "The good will is the will which acts from freedom and respect for
the moral law" (Kant's). Kant explains that we have freedom to make the correct decision and
actions. This free will comes within your nature of human being. It will instinctively display in your
daily basis. We are free to want to follow the rules in
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Kant and Morality Essay
Kant had a different ethical system which was based on reason. According to Kant reason was the
fundamental authority in determining morality. All humans possess the ability to reason, and out of
this ability comes two basic commands: the hypothetical imperative and the categorical imperative.
In focusing on the categorical imperative, in this essay I will reveal the underlying relationship
between reason and duty.
The categorical imperative suggests that a course of action must be followed because of its
rightness and necessity. The course of action taken can also be reasoned by its ability to be seen as
a universal law. Universal laws have been deemed as unconditional commands that are binding to
everyone at all times. Kant...show more content...
First, all individuals do have a duty to what is right, whether they act accordingly or not. All
citizens are held to a duty to uphold the laws, if there was no duty then laws would not exist.
Morality coincides with being loyal to the laws, being a disciplined person, and living an orderly
life. These essentials are all present in Kant's perception of duty.
Another key strength to the theory is the concentration on motivation. The motive for which an
individual acts has more validity then the unknown consequences that lie ahead. According to
Kant we are motivated by our duty, and we know that motivation comes from an internal source.
Motive provides substance to personal decisions and choices that are made. In order to feel a duty
to react or act in a certain manner, an individual uses internal reasoning when making decisions. As
moral agents who have the ability to reason Kant's theory is right on the target. We will
consciously make decisions by the things or factors that we are motivated by. I feel that it is safe to
say that most people actions are guided by motives whether they are morally correct or not.
Utilitarians on the other hand would disagree with Kant on several points. Utilitarians would argue
that actions should be decided by the consequences they would produce. Remember that utilitarians
believe in the good for the greatest number. In an argument against Kant's theory, they would say that
the
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Kant: It Is Never Permissible To Lie
Kant argues the it is never permissible to lie as it is immoral. He believes a lie harms humanity
and our entire social life. He then states "it is never permissible to lie, even if by lying we could
save a friend from being murdered. Although Kant believes it is immoral to lie, it may sometimes be
immoral to speak the truth. When speaking the truth it may improve their life but that is not always
the case. If we speak the truth to cause pointless embarrassment or harm to one another it is just as
bad as lying to them. The truth is sometimes more damaging than useful and will make that person
rethink of what they have been doing and a worse life experience. Sometimes the truth should be
avoided if it is to cause pointless pain and
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Kant and Deontological Theory Essay
Kant and Deontological Theory
Immanuel Kant was a moral philosopher. His theory, better known as deontological theory, holds
that intent, reason, rationality, and good will are motivating factors in the ethical decision making
process. The purpose of this paper is to describe and explain major elements of his theory, its
essential points, how it is used in the decision making process, and how it intersects with the teams
values. While Kant's theory may seem "overly optimistic" (Johnson, 2008) now, it was ruled as
acceptable and rational behavior then. Kant believed that any moral or ethical decision could be
achieved with consistent behavior. While judgment was based on reason, morals were based on
rational choices made by human...show more content...
The subject of good will for Kant is controversial. Kant believes that good will is not based on a
reaction to the consequences, either negative or positive, merely by the intention of which the
act was made. When an action is done in good will, the reasoning is not emotional (Johnson,
2008). It does not done out of sympathy or empathy for the individual, rather by a sense of duty.
This is the controversial part because many believe that while good will is based on positive
intentions, the act is performed through a feeling of love for the fellow man. Kant believes that
good will focuses on all human beings regardless of feelings of love, friendship, bond, hatred, or
lack of caring. This is why the best way to describe it is duty. However, Kant was not implying that
no other motivating factor fuels good will. He was simply stating that when there is a dilemma that
has the individual questioning the good will or morality of a decision that it is best to look at it from
an unbiased view (Johnson, 2008). Removing emotional attachment from the situation has already
proven to be helpful in making rational decisions in an otherwise difficult moment. According to
Kant, imperatives are principles determining what individuals should do. These imperatives may be
divided as those which are categorical, and those which are hypothetical; the former expresses
imperatives that are those
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Kantian Triangle, By Immanuel Kant Essay
Kantian Triangle
Liberals believe the causes of war are miscommunication, mistrust, and misperceptions. As a solution,
Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, believed that to overcome international anarchy and achieve
perpetual peace, there needed to be collective action (interdependency between states), and a
federation of states in which state sovereignty will be left intact (international organizations).
However, for this to occur, states must have a democratic government. This later became known as
the Kantian Triangle.
Kant assumed that states would act in self–interested ways and that repeated interactions would
eventually lead to an expanding zone of peace – for example NATO. Like Kant's theory, the
Prisoner's Dilemma is a model that posed that after continued repeated interactions, states would
realize that it's in their best interest to cooperate. Economic interdependency, also known as
functionalism, proposes that states take cooperative ventures in nonpolitical areas such as the
economy and security. This in turn will lead to greater interdependence and eventually, greater peace.
Functionalism is a means to achieve peace now, starting with economic interdependence through
international organizations such as the European Community. It is also a strategy in which
international organizations, including the United Nations, use to promote interdependency and thus,
maintain peace. Consequently, functionalism is most successful under a democratic government.
Liberals
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Immanuel Kant's Essay 'What Is Enlightenment?'
In his essay "What is Enlightenment?," Immanuel Kant presents conflicting views about whether he
would have supported the American Revolution, but I ultimately believe that the Prussian–born
philosopher would not have. He defines enlightenment as man's freedom from "his self–incurred
tutelage," and tutelage as man's dependence on others to utilize his understanding (1). This appears
to support the Revolution, as the colonists are releasing themselves from the constraints of Great
Britain's rule. The colonists are simultaneously discovering the concept of human equality, thereby
using their own reason. Kant uses the example of domesticated cattle that have been made dumb and
dependent to illustrate the unenlightened. This, too, seems to provide
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Freedom According To Kant's View Of Freedom?
raft What is freedom? There's a lot of interpretation on what freedom truly is. According to
Merriam–Webster .com freedom is "the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without
hindrance or restraint". A modern philosopher Kant argued that when we act to satisfy our desires
or our actions are determined by empirical laws, we aren't acting freely. In this paper, I will agree
with Kant's philosophies on freedom because freedom is to act on autonomously. In support of my
thesis, first I will present what freedom is and what freedom is not according to Kant. Secondly, I
will support Kant's view, his view that freedom is not just doing what you want. Then, I will
consider objections to Kant's views. Finally, I will summarize my discoveries on what freedom is
according to Kant.
I will start with a brief introduction Kant's metaphysics to establish what he preserved was freedom
and what he believes wasn't. Kant defines a free will as a rational act that is effective without being
impacted by an alien cause. Kant's first claim to freedom is "Whenever we act to satisfy our
desires, we are not acting freely. This is because our desires are determined by factors that are
outside of our control; they are not 'up to us'. (Sandel 109). Kant believes You may of choose to
act on a desire, but insofar as you take the act you can't be influenced by outside factors. If you
feel that the desire persuaded you into the act, you do not regard the act as a part of your will, but
as involuntary. The point is not that you must believe that you are free, but that you must choose as
if you were free. Some may argue that free will is making your own choices and that outside forces
can't impact your choices. However, outside influences can in a way impel you into making a choice
which will affect you from having complete freedom of your choices. Anything outside of the will
counts as an alien cause, including the desires and inclinations of the person. According to the
text," whenever my behavior is biologically determined or socially conditioned, it is not free".
Kant believes that freedom is not just doing what you want. You are free in Kant's sense only if
you live by the principles of your own reason. If
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Immanuel Kant And The Kant Essay
Immanuel Kant
Lying
Chiyane Peterson
MCCC
Ethics
MW 1:30pm
Parviz Dehghani
Lying the one form of communication that is the untruth expressed to be the truth. Immanuel Kant
states that lying is morally wrong in all possible ways. His hatred for lying has made him "just
assumed that anyone who lied would be operating with a maxim like this: tell a lie so as to gain some
benefit."(Landau,pp.171) This is true for a vast number of people, they will lie in order to gain a
certain benefit from the lie rather than the truth.It is similar to if you play a game of truth or dare,
some rather pick a dare because it would release them from having to tell the truth. However,
those who do pick truth still have a chance to lie to cover up the absolute truth.People lie in order
to cover who they truly are. Even if you lie to benefit someone or something else, it would not
matter to Kant because he does not care for the consequences. If you lie but have a good intention
it is not the same for Kant, he would argue that you still lied no matter the consequence that a lie is
a lie. " While lying, we accuse others for not being transparent. While being hypocrites ourselves, we
expect others to be sincere." (Dehghani,Ethics) We know how it feels to be lied to by a person, so in
order to not have the feeling returned, we hope the person will be truthful. We rather be surrounded
by truthful people constantly despite all the lies that some people tell. No
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Differences Between Plato 's And Kant
I chose to select differences and similarities between Plato's and Kant's works. It is very apparent that
both philosophers are speaking to the necessity of man developing personal ethics, but each thinker
approaches this universal question using different principles. Plato uses Socrates' dialogue to assess
how one acquires wisdom through the acknowledgement of inherent ignorance. Kant evaluates the
causes of people remaining in willful ignorance and the methods by which they can lift themselves
out of such a state into enlightenment. Before comparing these two philosophers, one must
recognize that both have displayed differences in ethics, as some call one "Platonic" and the other
"Kantian". First, let us examine the ethics of Immanuel Kant. We must acknowledge the most
prominent features in Kant's ethics were deontological, normative and the value of autonomy.
Deontological ethics are basically the judgment of actions' morality based on how they relate to rules
or obligations. One's duties, according to Kant, are bounded to that person; therefore, his or her
actions should adhere to the expectations outlined in these duties. While addressing duties in the text
Moreover, normative ethics are concerned with whether an action is right or wrong. They look to
establish a relationship between these differences in order to have moral rules that can find a balance
in the medium. And finally, values autonomy is the notion that every individual should use his or
her own
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Immanuel Kant Research Paper
Immanuel Kant was a man who believed that a man should behave in a manner in which one
hopes others would follow. (Peak, Stitt & Glensor, 1998) Kant's theory explains about the morality
of the actions of a man is judged in terms of the consequences or the results of the action. Under
this guideline, it stresses that people should act in a way to produce the greatest ratio of "good and
evil". Kant informs that if the action significantly contributes to the overall good, then it shall be
considered good. A great example would be the assassination of Saddam Hussein would be
considered "good" under utilitarianism because the action's consequence of removing such a
dangerous person from the world outweighs the act of killing him. According to
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Kant's Theory of Knowledge and Solipsism Essay
Kant's Theory of Knowledge and Solipsism
In his Critique of Pure Reason Kant set out to establish a theory of human understanding. His
approach was to synthesise the opposing views of empiricism and rationalism. He took the
empirical principle that 'all our knowledge begins with experience' [p.1] as a foundation of his
philosophy, following Locke and Hume. In contrast to them, however, he also included the rationalist
view that posits the existence of an apparatus of human understanding that is prior to experience, and
is essential in order that we have experience at all. Thus, for Kant, the human mind does not begin
simply as a tabula rasa, as supposed by Locke, but must necessarily have an innate structure in order
that we may...show more content...
Finally, I will outline some revisions that have been proposed that may save Kant's system from
solipsism.
Empirical Reality
Kant makes it clear that all knowledge begins with experience. Specifically, it begins with the
phenomena that are presented in our immediate consciousness through our faculty of sensibility.
Kant uses the word 'intuition' to indicate our reception of an undetermined object in consciousness,
in general ('intuition' being the accepted English translation of the German word 'anschauung' which
literally means 'looking at' or 'view' [2, p.681]). But having intuitions is not sufficient if we are to
experience our world, for raw phenomena do not give us an understanding of what object is given in
the phenomena. In order to understand, we need to have a faculty of mind that can organise and
synthesise the raw data given in the phenomena, and thus determine the object given in the
phenomena as a whole. The result of this determination is a conception of an object or event. Thus,
for Kant, knowledge is only possible when we have an intuition accompanied by a conception.
Neither have any meaning on their own. As Kant states, 'It is as necessary for the mind to make its
conceptions sensuous (that is, to join to them the object of intuition), as to make its intuition
intelligible (that is, to bring them under conceptions) . . . In no other way than from the united
operation of both, can knowledge arise' [p. 45].
Thus, when I
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Kant Essay

  • 1. Kant's Essay: A Perfect Duty Kant explains that a perfect duty "is one you MUST obey–usually these are defined in negative terms–you must not lie, you must not steal, you must not murder." (Kant) On the other hand, Kant explains an imperfect duty as "one you should do if you can, but you may use your judgement." (Kant) I personally believe that is undoubtably easier to fulfill a perfect duty rather than an imperfect duty. This is because with an imperfect duty, feelings are much more considered and taken into account. Although many individuals love helping others, their laziness can sometimes get in their way. It is much easier for a law abiding citizen that is morally aware to not steal or murder. However, Kant believes that a perfect duty also entails not lying. Lying Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 2. Immanuel Kant And Kant On Morality The general definition of morality is the rules for right action and prohibitions against wrong acts. Sometimes morality is the single set of absolute rules and prohibitions that are valid for all men at all times and all societies. More loosely, a morality can be any set of ultimate principles, and there may be any number of moralities in different societies. Examples would be don't cheat, don't steal, and treat others as you would want to be treated. When dealing with the philosophers take on morality, there are two which are usually compared to one another, Immanuel Kant and David Hume. Immanuel Kant had many theories throughout his philosophical time. Here are some of his ethical works, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785), the Critique of Practical Reason (1788), and the Metaphysics of Morals (1797), which contains both "the Doctrine of Right" and "the Doctrine of Virtue." He also had some other works of importance to his moral philosophy including the Critique of the Power of Judgment (1790), Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason (1793), and Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View (1798). Here are some of Hume's main ethical writings, A Treatise on Human Nature (1739–40), especially books two and three, and in An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1751). Also relevant to Hume 's ethics are various essays, such as "Of Suicide" (1777), parts of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748), and his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 3. Immanuel Kant And Kant 's Philosophy Essay Immanuel Kant in his work "An answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?" reflects his understanding of immaturity as the main source for not being enlighten(p.41). It is true that Kant animalized human beings ,"It is so easy to be immature" is best understood as an attack towards human beings' because of our naivetГ©. It is only normal for us to apprehend knowledge from others. Immanuel Kant emphasizes on the lack of self–esteem, caring, and trustworthiness in ourselves. The lack of zeal to discover what is good for thyself and what is not. An immature person has always been known as somebody who cannot take care of himself. The immature will never seek to understand on his own but borrow ideologies from others. According to Kant immaturity is the inability to use one's understanding without guidance from another (WE p.41). Assuredly, we can see throughout the text that Kant is not stressing on an age or period in our lives to be able to eventually be matured enough to takes "grown up" affairs into consideration and become mature. What he really means is that we must learn how to be dependent by ourselves, Kant states" for after falling a few times they would end. certainly learn to walk ( WE p.41). However, the claim that Kant mentioned does not mean that we must learn how to become geniuses by our own instinct, this would be quite a ludicrous claim to state, but he is trying to emphasize on the fact that we take too much time to do so after we have the means and Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 4. Kant: Formulas of Universal Law and Humanity Karthik Keni William Reckner Philosophy 22 30 November 2010 Kant: Formulas of Universal Law and Humanity Kant's philosophy was based around the theory that we have a moral unconditional obligation and duty that he calls the "Categorical Imperative." He believes that an action must be done with a motive of this moral obligation, and if not done with this intention then the action would hold no moral value. Under this umbrella of the "Categorical Imperative" he presents three formulations that he believes to be about equal in importance, relevance, and could be tested towards any case. The first formulation known as the Formula of Universal Law consists of a methodical way to find out morality of actions. The second formulation is known as...show more content... It would be impossible to follow such a rule of not utilizing people as means towards an end, however this formulation is trying to emphasize that all rational beings "must be treated never as a mere means but as the supreme limiting condition in the use of all means...as an end at the same time." Instead of seeing other rational beings as just tools towards a personal goal, we should see the benefit of others and "Humanity" as our end objective, rather than the means. Kant truly introduces the idea of respect in the formulation because it seems genuinely wrong to treat other rational humans as mere means with no other kind of value. One has to recognize, even with the significance of oneself having desires and treating oneself as the end, that what makes me unique as a logical and thinking being also resides in everyone else. Thus we determine that everyone else must also see themselves as ends and my means to my ends are no more significant than another rational being. In the case of the doctor's moral dilemma, the Formula of Humanity would be the same answer because of various reasons. First, Kant is a firm believer in not being deceitful and thus the doctor should follow the moral action of telling the truth. The formulation also preaches that we should recognize that others are a basis of value by treating their chosen ends as good, and following their happiness as they see it. So in this case, the patient's Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 5. Immanuel Kant Philosophy Paper Eassy#2 Topic #5 (Kant) Nick Petersen Immanuel Kant Philosophy Paper Kant's new foundation of modern science forever changed the philosophical world. He recognized defects in both the rationalists' and the empiricists' traditions. These two terms, rationalist and empiricist, are the two ideas that make up Epistemology. Epistemology in itself is the idea of what knowledge can be and it deals with what knowledge is and how we deal with it. Rationalism is the concept of ideas that we naturally have and deduction, this is A Priori. Empiricism is the concept in induction, sense perception and no innate ideas, which is A Posteriori. These two ideas were so different they were thought to be polar opposites. Both sides had many influential philosophers ...show more content... He based it off this ideas about his ideas about synthetic a priori judgements when he applied them to aesthetics, ethics and political philosophy. Kant's ethics is based on the idea that we simply apply rationality to action and if we do that we should act in universally valid ways or universally acceptable ways. The issue that lies within that today is what is considered universally acceptable or moral. If we have no standard definition for acceptable or "what is ok" then where is the validity in that? There is none. Kant's moral philosophy is quite the interesting one. That is because Kant seems to believe that there may be a connection between freedom of choice and freedom of action. If one is free to choose one's objectives or way of life then they must be free to act upon that choice. This conflicts with itself. If one has the freedom of choice to do whatever they want and act on that choice then thing will not always necessarily be morally acceptable. In one of his beliefs he states that one needs to apply rationality to their actions and in this one he says that one has the freedom to choose as they please and act upon those choices. That statement of the freedom of choice does not require rationality to be present which contradicts the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 6. Kant And Kant 's Philosophy Immanuel Kant was an exceptional philosopher who often fantasized about the wonders of the human perception. Through the power of imagination in the human mind Kant was able to postulate possible answers to the great questions of existence. He was daring and bold to wonder what constitutes the beauty of the human soul, how the existence of an all–powerful entity would be possible, and also what do human beings really do to perceive their surroundings. With such notable works as Critiques of Practical Reason, Metaphysics of Morals, and Critique of Judgement, Kant attempted to answer these great questions. Kant asked powerful questions, questions that would have and still do have a lot of controversy surrounding them today. Kant often debated the differences between rationalist and empirical approaches to philosophical issues. Not only were his methods ingenious, but additionally somewhat unorthodox. With this in mind, what did Kant exactly aim to why he abandoned traditional philosophical approaches in his works such as Critiques of Practical Reason and Metaphysics of Morals? Also what prompted him to answer such philosophical conundrums regarding the perception and experience of the self? And finally what exactly was his stance on perceivable reality and the complexity of our world? First, what inspired Kant to abandon traditional and established thoughts of philosophy regarding his views of the human experience? In order to think about this, one must consider the state of Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 7. kant Essay Kants' Critiques of Pure reason and Groundwork of the Metaphysics Kant states that, "In the order of time, therefore, we have no knowledge antecedent to experience, and with experience all our knowledge begins, but although all of our knowledge begins with experience, it does not follow that it all arises out of experience,"(CPR,41). What he means is that we do not rely on experience inorder to have knowledge, but knowledge and experience are connected for to have knowledge we must begin with experience. There are four types of knowledge that Kant deduced. A priori, which is knowledge that is independent of experience, knowledge which is always true, does not rely on a person to experience it inorder for one to realize that it is true. A ...show more content... Kant affirms that, "Judgments of experience, as such, are one and all synthetic," (CPR, 49). This makes sense because it would not make sense to found an analytic judgment on experience. Kant thinks that the general problem of pure reason is contained in the question: How are apriori synthetic judgments possible? Kant postulates that if he is able to figure out or understand the conditions in which the sciences are possible to exist he can also figure out the conditions of which a priori synthetic judgments can exist. Kant defines pure reason as, "that which contains the principles whereby we know anything absolutely a priori. Phenomena is an object as it is perceived by the senses, as opposed to a noumena which is an object as it is in itself independent of the mind (the thing in itself). Rational beings may align their "will" either with the objective laws of reason and morality or with subjective needs and interests. Reason's demands may be called "imperatives." "Hypothetical imperatives" command that a particular action is necessary as a means to some purpose, such as the attainment of personal happiness. Categorical imperatives require that some action is necessary in and of itself. Thus the categorical imperative may be formulated as follows: act only in such a way that you could want the maxim of your action to become a universal law. This statement can Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 8. Kant And Duty Essay Kant being the deontologist he is, has an ethical view based on duty; that human act by a moral system from our duties and obligations. Kant claims that the only thing that intrinsically valuable is good will. Morality has to focus on the idea of having a good will; it's the unconditional good. When Kant speaks of duty he doesn't mean we do what's right and wrong based on the good or bad consequences, for Kant the decisions we make as a result to consequences is highly irrelevant. That's not why we should follow a duty. He wants us to do our duty not out of self–interest, or to satisfy our own pleasure. We should do our duty whether we like it or not, not out of fear or pleasure but because they are morally right. For example, if we lie to a close friend that we respect, we want to be honest because we care for that person and they deserve the truth, keeping in mind that if it was a random stranger we wouldn't treat that person the same way because they don't mean anything to us and we have no relationship with them. In this instance, I think Kant would say, first, to tell the truth and not deceive because it's your duty and its coming from your own good will no matter who it is, we are expected to follow our obligations not because its right or wrong but because we genuinely want to. In another issue, if it applies,...show more content... Emotions and inclination could cloud the issue on whether or not you're acting morally. First, he wants us to do what's permissible by law, not to be selfish or from inclination, and act in respect of the moral law and our duties. To act from duty is to, do what duty requires because its one duty and for no other reason. The acting from duty aims to directly answer what the motivations was. Are we doing some action because duty demands it or to satisfy some desire we Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 9. Kant 's Theory Of Rights Kantian Justice Kant believed that humans beings are rational beings, worthy of dignity and respect. That the moral action does not consist on the consequences but instead in the intention of why the act was done. Its important to do what is right because it is right, and not for a personal motive. Kant does not believe in self–interest to be part of the moral worth. Self–interest such as wants, desires, and appetites are part of what he calls "motives of inclination". He only believes that actions done by motive of duty have a moral worth. The differences between duty and inclination is that inclination involves personal interest, in other words that a person can get benefit by doing the right thing and not because the individual wants to do it. Duty motive involves individuals that do not get any personal benefit from their actions. (M.J Sandel, 2009) Kant's theory of rights involves a strict logical deduction of the principle of justice from the moral law. The principle of justice must fix human rights that would make any government respect and enforce every individual autonomy. In Kant's readings, "autonomy is the universal ethical ideal for all individuals, and its realization requires the political commitment to the legal protection of a set of ahistorical individual rights, most notably the right to external liberty" (Beck, G., 2006). Autonomy requires positively, obedience of the moral law. For Kant, autonomy is the end of every individual. Kant believes that Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 10. Kant's Philosophy Research Paper Kant's Philosophy People may have different opinions on how differentiating what is good or bad, what is right or wrong, or how we should or not act. There are a wide variety of different ideas and philosophies, and people may adapt to what they feel more attracted to or comforted by. Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, was one of the most significant philosophers in the history of WesternPhilosophy. He created the most influential deontological theory (Vaughn, 68). Kant's theory relies in following rational and universally moral rules and following them without thinking twice. These rules are similar to our daily duties and routines; just as one do their chores without questioning one should follow the rules without questioning. The obedience...show more content... Imperative is a command to do something and categorical stand for no exception. Categorical imperative states that we do the actions regardless of anything. In the other hand, hypothetical imperative is more suitable for us. Hypothetical imperative states that if you want something you will work to deserve it. To achieve the goal you are pursuing, you will go through A,B and C (Arnold). This is like saying if you want a good body you have to work hard for it. In hypothetical imperative the reward is what motivates us but in categorical the reward is not significant. Kant states that we have free will. "The good will is the will which acts from freedom and respect for the moral law" (Kant's). Kant explains that we have freedom to make the correct decision and actions. This free will comes within your nature of human being. It will instinctively display in your daily basis. We are free to want to follow the rules in Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 11. Kant and Morality Essay Kant had a different ethical system which was based on reason. According to Kant reason was the fundamental authority in determining morality. All humans possess the ability to reason, and out of this ability comes two basic commands: the hypothetical imperative and the categorical imperative. In focusing on the categorical imperative, in this essay I will reveal the underlying relationship between reason and duty. The categorical imperative suggests that a course of action must be followed because of its rightness and necessity. The course of action taken can also be reasoned by its ability to be seen as a universal law. Universal laws have been deemed as unconditional commands that are binding to everyone at all times. Kant...show more content... First, all individuals do have a duty to what is right, whether they act accordingly or not. All citizens are held to a duty to uphold the laws, if there was no duty then laws would not exist. Morality coincides with being loyal to the laws, being a disciplined person, and living an orderly life. These essentials are all present in Kant's perception of duty. Another key strength to the theory is the concentration on motivation. The motive for which an individual acts has more validity then the unknown consequences that lie ahead. According to Kant we are motivated by our duty, and we know that motivation comes from an internal source. Motive provides substance to personal decisions and choices that are made. In order to feel a duty to react or act in a certain manner, an individual uses internal reasoning when making decisions. As moral agents who have the ability to reason Kant's theory is right on the target. We will consciously make decisions by the things or factors that we are motivated by. I feel that it is safe to say that most people actions are guided by motives whether they are morally correct or not. Utilitarians on the other hand would disagree with Kant on several points. Utilitarians would argue that actions should be decided by the consequences they would produce. Remember that utilitarians believe in the good for the greatest number. In an argument against Kant's theory, they would say that the Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 12. Kant: It Is Never Permissible To Lie Kant argues the it is never permissible to lie as it is immoral. He believes a lie harms humanity and our entire social life. He then states "it is never permissible to lie, even if by lying we could save a friend from being murdered. Although Kant believes it is immoral to lie, it may sometimes be immoral to speak the truth. When speaking the truth it may improve their life but that is not always the case. If we speak the truth to cause pointless embarrassment or harm to one another it is just as bad as lying to them. The truth is sometimes more damaging than useful and will make that person rethink of what they have been doing and a worse life experience. Sometimes the truth should be avoided if it is to cause pointless pain and Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 13. Kant and Deontological Theory Essay Kant and Deontological Theory Immanuel Kant was a moral philosopher. His theory, better known as deontological theory, holds that intent, reason, rationality, and good will are motivating factors in the ethical decision making process. The purpose of this paper is to describe and explain major elements of his theory, its essential points, how it is used in the decision making process, and how it intersects with the teams values. While Kant's theory may seem "overly optimistic" (Johnson, 2008) now, it was ruled as acceptable and rational behavior then. Kant believed that any moral or ethical decision could be achieved with consistent behavior. While judgment was based on reason, morals were based on rational choices made by human...show more content... The subject of good will for Kant is controversial. Kant believes that good will is not based on a reaction to the consequences, either negative or positive, merely by the intention of which the act was made. When an action is done in good will, the reasoning is not emotional (Johnson, 2008). It does not done out of sympathy or empathy for the individual, rather by a sense of duty. This is the controversial part because many believe that while good will is based on positive intentions, the act is performed through a feeling of love for the fellow man. Kant believes that good will focuses on all human beings regardless of feelings of love, friendship, bond, hatred, or lack of caring. This is why the best way to describe it is duty. However, Kant was not implying that no other motivating factor fuels good will. He was simply stating that when there is a dilemma that has the individual questioning the good will or morality of a decision that it is best to look at it from an unbiased view (Johnson, 2008). Removing emotional attachment from the situation has already proven to be helpful in making rational decisions in an otherwise difficult moment. According to Kant, imperatives are principles determining what individuals should do. These imperatives may be divided as those which are categorical, and those which are hypothetical; the former expresses imperatives that are those Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 14. Kantian Triangle, By Immanuel Kant Essay Kantian Triangle Liberals believe the causes of war are miscommunication, mistrust, and misperceptions. As a solution, Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, believed that to overcome international anarchy and achieve perpetual peace, there needed to be collective action (interdependency between states), and a federation of states in which state sovereignty will be left intact (international organizations). However, for this to occur, states must have a democratic government. This later became known as the Kantian Triangle. Kant assumed that states would act in self–interested ways and that repeated interactions would eventually lead to an expanding zone of peace – for example NATO. Like Kant's theory, the Prisoner's Dilemma is a model that posed that after continued repeated interactions, states would realize that it's in their best interest to cooperate. Economic interdependency, also known as functionalism, proposes that states take cooperative ventures in nonpolitical areas such as the economy and security. This in turn will lead to greater interdependence and eventually, greater peace. Functionalism is a means to achieve peace now, starting with economic interdependence through international organizations such as the European Community. It is also a strategy in which international organizations, including the United Nations, use to promote interdependency and thus, maintain peace. Consequently, functionalism is most successful under a democratic government. Liberals Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 15. Immanuel Kant's Essay 'What Is Enlightenment?' In his essay "What is Enlightenment?," Immanuel Kant presents conflicting views about whether he would have supported the American Revolution, but I ultimately believe that the Prussian–born philosopher would not have. He defines enlightenment as man's freedom from "his self–incurred tutelage," and tutelage as man's dependence on others to utilize his understanding (1). This appears to support the Revolution, as the colonists are releasing themselves from the constraints of Great Britain's rule. The colonists are simultaneously discovering the concept of human equality, thereby using their own reason. Kant uses the example of domesticated cattle that have been made dumb and dependent to illustrate the unenlightened. This, too, seems to provide Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 16. Freedom According To Kant's View Of Freedom? raft What is freedom? There's a lot of interpretation on what freedom truly is. According to Merriam–Webster .com freedom is "the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint". A modern philosopher Kant argued that when we act to satisfy our desires or our actions are determined by empirical laws, we aren't acting freely. In this paper, I will agree with Kant's philosophies on freedom because freedom is to act on autonomously. In support of my thesis, first I will present what freedom is and what freedom is not according to Kant. Secondly, I will support Kant's view, his view that freedom is not just doing what you want. Then, I will consider objections to Kant's views. Finally, I will summarize my discoveries on what freedom is according to Kant. I will start with a brief introduction Kant's metaphysics to establish what he preserved was freedom and what he believes wasn't. Kant defines a free will as a rational act that is effective without being impacted by an alien cause. Kant's first claim to freedom is "Whenever we act to satisfy our desires, we are not acting freely. This is because our desires are determined by factors that are outside of our control; they are not 'up to us'. (Sandel 109). Kant believes You may of choose to act on a desire, but insofar as you take the act you can't be influenced by outside factors. If you feel that the desire persuaded you into the act, you do not regard the act as a part of your will, but as involuntary. The point is not that you must believe that you are free, but that you must choose as if you were free. Some may argue that free will is making your own choices and that outside forces can't impact your choices. However, outside influences can in a way impel you into making a choice which will affect you from having complete freedom of your choices. Anything outside of the will counts as an alien cause, including the desires and inclinations of the person. According to the text," whenever my behavior is biologically determined or socially conditioned, it is not free". Kant believes that freedom is not just doing what you want. You are free in Kant's sense only if you live by the principles of your own reason. If Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 17. Immanuel Kant And The Kant Essay Immanuel Kant Lying Chiyane Peterson MCCC Ethics MW 1:30pm Parviz Dehghani Lying the one form of communication that is the untruth expressed to be the truth. Immanuel Kant states that lying is morally wrong in all possible ways. His hatred for lying has made him "just assumed that anyone who lied would be operating with a maxim like this: tell a lie so as to gain some benefit."(Landau,pp.171) This is true for a vast number of people, they will lie in order to gain a certain benefit from the lie rather than the truth.It is similar to if you play a game of truth or dare, some rather pick a dare because it would release them from having to tell the truth. However, those who do pick truth still have a chance to lie to cover up the absolute truth.People lie in order to cover who they truly are. Even if you lie to benefit someone or something else, it would not matter to Kant because he does not care for the consequences. If you lie but have a good intention it is not the same for Kant, he would argue that you still lied no matter the consequence that a lie is a lie. " While lying, we accuse others for not being transparent. While being hypocrites ourselves, we expect others to be sincere." (Dehghani,Ethics) We know how it feels to be lied to by a person, so in order to not have the feeling returned, we hope the person will be truthful. We rather be surrounded by truthful people constantly despite all the lies that some people tell. No Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 18. Differences Between Plato 's And Kant I chose to select differences and similarities between Plato's and Kant's works. It is very apparent that both philosophers are speaking to the necessity of man developing personal ethics, but each thinker approaches this universal question using different principles. Plato uses Socrates' dialogue to assess how one acquires wisdom through the acknowledgement of inherent ignorance. Kant evaluates the causes of people remaining in willful ignorance and the methods by which they can lift themselves out of such a state into enlightenment. Before comparing these two philosophers, one must recognize that both have displayed differences in ethics, as some call one "Platonic" and the other "Kantian". First, let us examine the ethics of Immanuel Kant. We must acknowledge the most prominent features in Kant's ethics were deontological, normative and the value of autonomy. Deontological ethics are basically the judgment of actions' morality based on how they relate to rules or obligations. One's duties, according to Kant, are bounded to that person; therefore, his or her actions should adhere to the expectations outlined in these duties. While addressing duties in the text Moreover, normative ethics are concerned with whether an action is right or wrong. They look to establish a relationship between these differences in order to have moral rules that can find a balance in the medium. And finally, values autonomy is the notion that every individual should use his or her own Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 19. Immanuel Kant Research Paper Immanuel Kant was a man who believed that a man should behave in a manner in which one hopes others would follow. (Peak, Stitt & Glensor, 1998) Kant's theory explains about the morality of the actions of a man is judged in terms of the consequences or the results of the action. Under this guideline, it stresses that people should act in a way to produce the greatest ratio of "good and evil". Kant informs that if the action significantly contributes to the overall good, then it shall be considered good. A great example would be the assassination of Saddam Hussein would be considered "good" under utilitarianism because the action's consequence of removing such a dangerous person from the world outweighs the act of killing him. According to Get more content on HelpWriting.net
  • 20. Kant's Theory of Knowledge and Solipsism Essay Kant's Theory of Knowledge and Solipsism In his Critique of Pure Reason Kant set out to establish a theory of human understanding. His approach was to synthesise the opposing views of empiricism and rationalism. He took the empirical principle that 'all our knowledge begins with experience' [p.1] as a foundation of his philosophy, following Locke and Hume. In contrast to them, however, he also included the rationalist view that posits the existence of an apparatus of human understanding that is prior to experience, and is essential in order that we have experience at all. Thus, for Kant, the human mind does not begin simply as a tabula rasa, as supposed by Locke, but must necessarily have an innate structure in order that we may...show more content... Finally, I will outline some revisions that have been proposed that may save Kant's system from solipsism. Empirical Reality Kant makes it clear that all knowledge begins with experience. Specifically, it begins with the phenomena that are presented in our immediate consciousness through our faculty of sensibility. Kant uses the word 'intuition' to indicate our reception of an undetermined object in consciousness, in general ('intuition' being the accepted English translation of the German word 'anschauung' which literally means 'looking at' or 'view' [2, p.681]). But having intuitions is not sufficient if we are to experience our world, for raw phenomena do not give us an understanding of what object is given in the phenomena. In order to understand, we need to have a faculty of mind that can organise and synthesise the raw data given in the phenomena, and thus determine the object given in the phenomena as a whole. The result of this determination is a conception of an object or event. Thus, for Kant, knowledge is only possible when we have an intuition accompanied by a conception. Neither have any meaning on their own. As Kant states, 'It is as necessary for the mind to make its conceptions sensuous (that is, to join to them the object of intuition), as to make its intuition intelligible (that is, to bring them under conceptions) . . . In no other way than from the united operation of both, can knowledge arise' [p. 45]. Thus, when I Get more content on HelpWriting.net