Congenital anomalies of pituitary gland. Anatomy description with few MRI picture taken from trusted website. pharyngeal hypophysis, duplication of pituitary gland, agenesis, craniopharygioma, ectopic posterior pituitary gland

1. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF
PITUITARY GLAND
MARYAM JAMILAH BINTI ABDUL HAMID
082013100002
IMS BANGALORE

2. LEARNING OUTCOME
• List down the possible congenital anomalies of
pituitary gland
• Explain the malformation of these congenital
anomalies

3. INTRODUCTION
Lobes:
-anterior lobe
-posterior lobe
Anterior lobe :
Outpocketing of ectodermal of Rathke’s pouch
Posterior lobe :
Downward extension of the diencephalon

4. Possible congenital anomalies
• Ectopic posterior pituitary
• Pharyngeal hypophysis
• Agenesis/Hypogenesis of pituitary gland
• Duplication of pituitary gland
• Congenital tumor of the gland
(Craniopharyngioma)

5. 1) Ectopic posterior pituitary
An absent normal posterior pituitary bright
spot within the sella with ectopic bright signal at
another site (such as the median eminence) on
a weighted magnetic resonance
Development:
Incomplete caudal extension of the
diencephalon during embryogenesis

7. Effect:
Pituitary dwarfism
Lack of growth hormone

8. 2) Pharyngeal hypophysis
Development:
-A remnant of the stalk of the hypophysial
diverticulum in the roof of the oropharynx
Pharyngeal
hypophysis

9. 3) Agenesis/
Hypogenesis of pituitary gland
Development:

10. Effect:
Absence of the gland is incompatible with life,
i.e. it leads to death of the infant
Hypogenesis of pituitary gland: It leads to
panhypopituitarism

11. 4) Duplication of pituitary gland
Development:
-Fewer than 40 cases since 1880
-A rare craniofacial developmental anomaly
occurring during blastogenesis.

12. 5) Congenital tumor of the gland
(Craniopharyngioma)
Development:
A tumor arises from a remnant of Rathke's
pouch. *

14. Effect:
• Increasing the intracranial pressure;
hydrocephalus
• Disrupting the function of the pituitary gland
• Damaging the optic nerve

15. REFERENCES
• Embryology IB Singh
• Embryology Langman
• https://www.inkling.com/read/the-developing-
human-moore-9th/chapter-17/pharyngeal-
hypophysis-and
• http://www.surgicalneurologyint.com/article.asp?iss
n=2152-
7806;year=2012;volume=3;issue=1;spage=23;epage=
23;aulast=Manjila
• http://www.dundee.ac.uk/medther/tayendoweb/cra
niopharyngioma.htm