3. Characteristics
Regarded as foundation age (many
behavioural patterns, attitudes and emotional
expression get established)
Age of rapid growth and change (less top
heavy, limbs develop in proportion, best
growth in ability to recognize and respond to
people and objects in environment, able to
communicate their needs and demands in a
way which is understandable to others)
4. Age of decreasing dependency (rapid
development in body control- sit stand walk
and manipulate objects)
Age of increased individuality (appearance
and patterns of behaviour, no same child
training techniques)
Beginning of socialisation (attention seeking,
attachment behaviour)
5. Beginning of sex role typing
Babyhood is more appealing
Beginning of creativity
Hazardous age
6. Developmental Tasks of babyhood
Physical development
One of 2 periods of rapid growth (other
puberty)
In first year increase in weight is
proportionally more than increase in height
In 2 year reverse is true
Same pattern for boys and girls
Weight- 3X to birth weight
Height- 4months-24 inches, 1 yar-28-30 inches
and 2 years 32-34 inches
7. Physical proportions- head growth slows
down
Bones- on of bones increase, ossification
begins, soft spot on skull closes 50% by 18
months and 100% by 2 years
Muscles and fats develop
Teeth
9. Muscle control
Coordinated movements and use
Eye control: optic nystagmus-12 hrs,
horizontal eye movement 1-2 months,
vertical eye movement 3-4 months
Smiling reflex smile, tactual smile, social
smile
Head rolling: erect head -1 month, lying on
back 5 months, sitting position 4-6 months
10. Trunk rolling: side to back 4 months
Sitting : 4 months, with support 5 months
Thumb opposition 8-9 months
Crawling creeping 8-9 stand with support
10 months, walk without support 14 months
12. Development in socialisation
Extrovert or introvert mainly on their early
social experiences
Attachment as anxiety reducers
Crying babies: aggressive and other
attention seeking behaviour
By 6 weeks social smile or tactile stimuli
smile
In babyhood play no rules or regulations
13. Play more solitary than social
Social response to adults:
2-3 months: distinguish people from inanimate
objects, contented to be with people and
discontented when left alone;
4-5 months: wanted to be picked up by any one
who approaches, reaches differently to scolding
and to smiling faces, friendly faces and to angry
voices;
6-7 months: differentiate b/w friends and
strangers, shy and attachment age;
14. 8-9 Months: imitates speech, gestures, and
simple acts of others,
12 Months: reacts to warning NO,
16-18 Months: negativism in form of stubborn
resistance to requests or demands from adults,
physical withdrawals and anger outbursts,
22-24 Months: cooperates in number of ways
being dressed, fed and bathed
15. Response to other babies
4-5 Months: ties to attract attention of others by
bouncing up and down, kicking, laughing or blowing
bubbles
6-7 Months: smiles at other babies and interest in their
crying
9-13 Months: explores clothes and hair of other babies
imitate their behaviour and vocalization cooperates in
use of toys
13-18 Months: fighting over toys decrease willingness to
share
18-24 Months: more interest in playing in other babies
uses play materials to build social relationship with them
16. Play Patterns
Sensory motor play: kicking, bouncing,
wiggling, moving fingers toes, climbing,
babbling ad rolling
Exploratory play: explore body by pulling
hair, sucking fingers and toes, shake,
throw, bang, suck and pull their toys
Imitative play: reading magazine,
sweeping floor, writing with pencil or
crayons
17. Make-believe play: toys to living
Games: peekaboo, hide and seek,
with parents grandparents or siblings
Amusements: like to be sung to,
talked to, and read to fascinated by
radio or television or pictures
Value of paly: problem solving and
creativity, information of
environment,