Human Growth And Development Study Guide Ch 1,2,3

Human Growth and Development Study Guide Ch 1,2,3
Human Growth & Development Chapters 1, 2, & 3 Study Guide Chapter 1 1. What is meant by
discontinuous and continuous development? Continuous development is a process of gradually
augmenting the same types of skills that were there to begin with. Discontinuous development is a
process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times.
Broken down, Continuous means infants/preschoolers respond much like adults do and
Discontinuous means they have their own unique way of thinking. 2. Explain nature versus nurture.
Nature means the hereditary information we receive from our parents at the moment of conception.
Nurture means the complex forces of the physical and social world that influence our ... Show more
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Structured interviews (including tests and questionnaires), in which each participant is asked the
same set of questions in the same way. The clinical or case study method brings together a wide
range of information on one person, including interviews, observations, and sometimes tests scores.
12. Be able to identify independent and dependent variables in scenarios (very important). The
independent variable is the one the investigator expects to cause changes in another variable. The
dependent variable is the one the investigator expects to be influenced by the independent variable.
13. What types of experiments can be done in research? (Case study, field experiment, natural).
Same as #11 14. Research is strongly monitored by ethics committees. What are the key components
of research ethics? Key components of research ethics are: Protection from harm, informed consent,
privacy, knowledge of results, and beneficial treatments. 15. Know the different designs for studying
development (longitudinal, cross–sectional, correlational, and sequential). Longitudinal design–
participants are studied repeatedly, and changes are noted as they get older Cross–sectional design–
groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time. Sequential design– they
conduct several similar cross–sectional or longitudinal studies at varying times. Correlational
design– researchers gather information on
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Leadership Styles Of Team Leadership
I have been analyzing your problems and concerns at DPU. My understanding is that you are having
problems with your team embracing the FISH! philosophy, and that there is a lack of employee
engagement from your directors in charge of the various departments at DPU. I have done some
research on leadership in regards to different approaches to team leadership. I wanted to share with
you what I discovered. I researched three different styles of team leadership to be able to provide
you with a sufficient amount of background to be confident in my recommendation for you.
Leadership It is appropriate that I mention a few things about leadership prior to delving into
different leadership styles. In my research, I learned that the success of a leadership style can depend
on the type of industry you are working in. Different styles will tend to be more effective in different
working environments (Cunningham, Salomone, Wielgus, 2015). It is also known that different
leadership styles induce various levels of how teams work together, team and individual job
satisfaction, and self–esteem (Ruggieri, Abbate, 2013). The leadership style of the leader is the main
vehicle that a manager can use in order to increase the rate of success of their team (Cunningham, et
al., 2015). By choosing an effective leadership style, you will have the opportunity to reduce
employee turnover ratios, achieve the goals of the organizational, and improve employee's
productivity and

Social Influence Research
Social Influence Research – Do the Ends Justify the Means?
To what extent does the importance of social influence research, justify the methods used in its
investigation?
The debate about ethics in psychology focuses on two areas: protection of participants and
benefiting society. This is a double obligation dilemma as if some psychologists are not allowed to
do certain experiments because of ethical restraints; this can cause problems with validity. In social
psychology, these psychologists have an obligation to use their research skills to advance our
knowledge of human behaviour, for the ultimate aim of human betterment.
Milgram's study into obedience involved participants becoming a ... Show more content on
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The findings of this research seem to justify the ethical guidelines broken as this experiment is a
crucial insight into understanding the extent to which people obey. Also, this experiment would not
have worked if it had followed all rules as the participants would have known the shocks were false
and therefore the experiment would not have been so impactive. The participant would know he/she
was not harming the learner in anyway and therefore be much more willing to follow orders.
Zimbardo's prison experiment was a lab based experiment involving participants being assigned to
the role of guard or prisoner and then spending 5 days (originally 14 days but the experiment was
disbanded after 5) in a 'prison' set up in the basement of a university. Each 'prisoner' was arrested in
their own homes and taken to the prison. In the course of the experiment it was noted that the
prisoners were dehumanised, humiliated and some suffered psychosomatic rashes and even seizures.
The guards became ruthless, guiltless and seemed to enjoy the dominance and power they had over
the prisoners. The aim was to investigate how people conformed

Why People Have Tattoos, From An Ipa Perspective
Abstract
The research aims to look at why people have tattoos, from an IPA perspective. Social influences,
perceptions and motivations behind the art of tattooing will hold prevalence within the data. A
considerable amount of data already exist on the motivations, perceptions and social influences into
the art of tattooing, this research merely exists to expand on this. Although it would appear tattooing
is prevalent among the young and middle class women, and generally becoming accepted within
society as a whole, the stigmatisation still exist. The research suggests perceptual biases towards
women and tattoos and stigmatisation within the workplace appear to be prevalent in tattooed
individuals. It would appear the main motivational aspect of tattooing seem to be 'just wanting one'
and a form of self–identification and uniqueness. The research appears to fit with previous findings
on tattoos.
The social influences of the art of tattooing: An IPA approach
With an influx of celebrities opting to accessorise with forms of body art that appear to influence;
adolescence, young adults and middle class women to adorn tattoos, there has seen a rise in body
modifications within western society (Tiggermann & Golder, 2006; Swami & Furnham, 2007;
Sierra, Jillapalli & Badrinarayanan; Wohlrab et al, 2007). The art of tattooing has become more
socially acceptable thanks to an increase in media exposure of well–known faces adorning tattoos
(Sierra et al, 2013).
Originally tattoos were

Gender Stereotypes On Adolescent Males
Mass media is overwhelmingly present in today's society. Although mass media is a convenient and
important form of communication, does this constant flow of interaction have unintended
consequences for the public? In an increasingly connected culture, the influence of mass media on
one's perceived body image is important to consider. The media influences how individuals act and
interact in their daily lives. The complex effects of exposure to unrealistic images of beauty are
especially concerning to sociologists. For example, a feminist analyzing mass media and body
image would argue that social pressure to be thin leads women to compete with each other, wasting
resources that one could otherwise use for self–development (Park, 2005, p. 609–610). ... Show
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In the article "Does Media Type Matter? The Role of Identification in Adolescent Girls' Media
Consumption and the Impact of Different Thin–Ideal Media on Body Image", Bell and Dittmar
argue that it is not the type of exposure that affects body image, but the extent of identification with
the media models (Bell & Dittmar, 2011, p. 489). The authors' first study aims to determine actual
media consumption, identification with thin models, and different impacts of different media
consumption on body dissatisfaction. In this study, 199 adolescent females completed a
questionnaire outlining the number of hours spent consuming different media forms. Participants
rated the thinness of models and desire to look like models portrayed on their favourite websites.
The Physical Appearance State and Trait Anxiety Scale (PASTAS) measured participants weight–
related body dissatisfaction and the Body Image State Scale (BISS) measured their appearance
dissatisfaction. Results indicate that some media genres were more popular than others; however,
body dissatisfaction was predicted by identification with the media models, rather than the amount
of time spent consuming the media type (Bell & Dittmar, 2011, p. 480–484). The authors' second
study questions whether presentation of the beauty ideal affects body image. Participants viewed
either two music videos, still images of the music

Social Conformity Research
Social influence is a huge factor in human life; the psychology behind it focuses on how an
individual is susceptible to behavioural and attitudinal change when in a social environment. People
can be influenced majorly by the actions, opinions and general presence of others and there are
psychological reasons for this. One piece of research that supports why people are influenced by
others is the study of conformity. Conformity is a type of social influence that results in a person
changing his or her own behaviour and attitude because of the real or imagined influence of others.
Conformity can be separated into three groups, as proposed by Herbert Kelman in 1958; these are
compliance, internalisation and identification. Compliance is an individual ... Show more content on
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This is when a person simply accepts the information given to them by others in order to justify their
own beliefs. Informational influence usually takes place in situations where an individual has to
choose a track to follow, for example in a crisis. It is human instinct to observe the reactions of
others as acting in a similar manner helps us to feel secure. An example of informational influence
in crisis is the Orson Welles "War of the Worlds" radio broadcast in 1938. An individual who is
conforming, because of internalisation, usually tend to believe in the others' ideas more than their
own and because of this, they not only comply to behaving in a certain way around them but also try
to change their own attitude in private circumstance too. The third type of conformity is
identification, which takes place when a person wants to gain a certain identity for him or herself.
An individual may want to be associated with a particular person or a group and so may feel the
need to act in a certain way. Identification is sometimes considered by psychologists as a mix
between compliance and internalisation; the individual accepts that the group hold the correct
beliefs and behavioural manners, which is internalisation, but are doing this in order to gain
acceptance and approval, which is

Media Simply Reflects and Reinforces Existing Social...
Media Simply Reflects and Reinforces Existing Social Values There is a notion held by many people
that the media has the power to affect our beliefs, attitudes, values and behaviours either directly or
indirectly. Many sociologists believe that the media could be extremely powerful and influential
because of their technology, economics, and because of the sheer scale of operations. There has been
a tremendous amount of research done into the possible short and long term effects of the media on
society but very little has been proved either way. Early research often stressed the construction of
the audience and made assumptions about the impact on the public. This includes the hypodermic
effect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This theory has since been discredited for being too simplistic and narrow in its approach. It does
not take into account for other variables such as the fact that the tests were done on small groups in
unnatural surroundings, and the personality of those tested. This approach would appear to make no
allowance for the fact that as human beings we are active in how we try to make sense of the world.
A contrasting model of behaviourism is the audience selection approach. This approach sees the
media as having an active audience rather than the passive one portrayed by the behaviourist view.
This theory proposes that the audience choose what they want to read/hear/see, based on their own
attitudes, values and beliefs. For example television programmes could be used as an escape from
loneliness or as a central leisure interest. Basically this approach implies that the messages have
meaning to the individual or group. David Morelys 1980 study was seen by some sociologists as an
important step forward in studying media effects as it took account for meaning rather than
suggesting that we are merely receptors for what we see/read/hear. Morley interviewed 29 different
groups of people including apprentice electricians, sociology students and management trainees and
asked then for their views on a well known television programme at the

Reference Groups And Their Influence On Consumer Behavior
In order to understand what reference group influences are, it is necessary to firstly understand what
a reference group is. The depth of information surrounding reference groups and the influences they
poses on individuals, particularly on consumer purchasing behaviour is vast and one could get lost
in the mist of it all. Therefore, it is vital to ensure that only research relevant to this study is included
in this section, thus an overview of what a reference group is will be provided, then the different
types of reference groups will be explored based on previous research, then the data will start to
look at the influences reference groups have on individuals, and their purchasing behaviour, in order
to fully understand the power that reference groups have. 3.2 REFERENCE GROUPS (LONGER)
In order to find a definition that is able to capture what a reference group is in a comprehensive
sentence, has been difficult and thus the following terms are the most relevant. The term reference
group is defined as 'A group of people that influences the decisions and opinions of a person or
group' (Cambridge, 2016). This term however, is very simplistic and more detail is required to fully
understand what reference groups are. Hyman (1942) originally characterised the term in a social
status study and this characterisation has been developed and refined numerous amounts of times
since, (comb, 1943, Campbell, et al, 1960 and Shibutani, 1955). Park & Lessig (1977) provided their
version

How Does Bloomman Influence Leaders
Leaders are influential and because they are they held a great amount of power that allow them to
have influential tactics. Bloomberg holds expert power, since he is both knowledgeable in politics
and the finance industry. Due to this we also have referent power, which allows him to influence his
employees and follower's decisions after the relationship he has developed. He has shown to have
leader motives, his motivation to manage is seen in his workplace. He is constantly active and
maintains a good relationship with his employees and authority figures. The philanthropist's hold
rational and emotional tactics that he instills in his company, he passes on his philanthropic
traditions in his work place by holding Blood Drives, but also expects

Social Media Allows People To Share Pictures And Ideas
Social media allows people to share pictures and ideas with others across the world. Women and
girls can use social media to earn approval for their appearance and compare themselves to others.
Women during this time period that are so heavily impacted by the media can link their self–worth
to their looks. I used scholarly articles all relating to how social media affects body image to decide
what my view point was. After research, we can conclude that social media has a negative effect on
a woman's body image. The media consumption can lead to dissatisfaction and even have a
correlation with eating disorders. "Social Media effects on Young Women's Body Image Concerns:
Theoretical Perspectives and an Agenda for Research" by Richard M ... Show more content on
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The research showed that even the young girls seeing the doll images desired a thinner body
afterwards. The images that are deceiving are being seen as perfect to people viewing the media
which is harmful to our body image. If the images on social media are constantly showing
underweight models a new ideal body will be desired by females everywhere especially during
adolescence. Media usage is heaviest among the youth according to, "The Effects of Gender and
Family, Friend, and Media Influences on Eating Behaviors and Body Image During Adolescence".
During the time of adolescence girls are experiencing changes in their bodies and identities. Media
is a source that teens can use to gain information about improving their physical appearance.
"According to a survey of adolescent girls (Field et al., 2001), 69% reported that images of females
displayed in magazines influence their perceptions of the ideal body figure, and 47% reported that
the images evoked in them a desire to diet and lose weight" (Ata). This data from "The Effects of
Gender and Family, Friend, and Media Influences on Eating Behaviors and Body Image During
Adolescence" shows how many females actually desire to change their physical appearance after
viewing media. During a time of development body image can be a difficult subject which is why it
is important to address the issues media can create. On social media feedback on posts is constant
and often

Analysis of Article: “Influence of Mass Media on Body...
Mass media consists of a range of multimedia technologies that have enhanced our way of
communication. The media conveys norms and attitudes that socially construct those who are
involved. Inadvertently, the media depicts a widely accepted misconception of personal image.
"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in
Females" reveals the high correlation between media content and females' idea of beauty. Although
the article does not specify on their intended audience, the reader can infer the audience to be
adolescent females and important familiars to them, i.e. mothers and friends. Appealing to
individuals who have the most impact on an adolescent female may evoke guilt through the
pressures ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They use cross–sectional studies, experimental studies, and longitudinal studies to strengthen their
credibility amongst the audience. Each study fulfills a different purpose to cross–reference the
correlations between television, images of thin beauty ideals, and "casual risk factors" to body
dissatisfaction amongst adolescents (390–401). This allows the research to focus on different
components of the media – television, magazines, billboards, radio etc. It is apparent that the authors
and sponsors believe the mass media to be the primary factor of recent increases involving a
female's concern on her body and eating disorders. For example, the article describes how the
fashion industry uses digital enhancement to obtain thinner sizes on their models. Thus, the norms
of beauty become nearly impossible to achieve. The sponsors of the article created a review that
considered both the nature and implications of media effects. More importantly, the article serves as
a guide in minimizing the negative affects the media places on adolescent females. While the article
contrasts the effects of television and magazines on female body dissatisfaction, it does not talk
about the psychological aspects of these effects. The audience can infer that a portion of adolescent
females acquire mental instabilities with years of body dissatisfaction.

The Evolution Of The Current Celebrity System Through...
Abstract Recognizing and understanding the evolution of the current celebrity system through
parasocial interaction is the focus of this study. This paper utilized an empirical generalization
literature review through content analysis. For future research, a qualitative method using a sample
survey of fans and celebrities will be employed. The benefits and drawbacks of the relationship
between fans and celebrities were studied in regard to parasocial interaction. From the literature
review, four primary empirical generalizations emerge: parasocial interaction is seen universally and
performed across platforms, amplifies with increased participation, help fans meet emotional needs
and amplifies feelings of social loneliness. These findings ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
For example, a person who follows personal and professional Benedict Cumberbatch life while
Cumberbatch remains unaware of the interest from said person. Employing an empirical
generalization literature review will help narrow down the concept and open up potential directions
for forthcoming research to be conducted. More specifically, this paper will discuss the current
status of research literature on parasocial interaction, will debate the positive and negative affects of
the subject and will suggest the expansion of parasocial interaction to other forms of fan and
celebrity contact. Literature Review For the purposes of this literature review, parasocial interaction,
also interchangeable with the term parasocial relationship, is defined as the imagined relationship
between fans and celebrities – alive or fictional (Bocarnea & Brown, 2007). To be clear, the
celebrity system is not a unique form of status (Miller, 2010). Celebrity fame has always been part
social background, performativity, public relations and a little magic. Past research compares the
current celebrity system to that of Greek Olympics or Elizabeth drama. Although the celebrity status
is more fluid it is reminisce of an Indian caste system, which the theory of status is found upon.
Ultimately, the past should not be forgotten when considering where the media status system is
going (Milner, 2010), and how that will affect the relationship and dynamic

Societal Expectations And Media Influences Of Body Image...
Societal Expectations and Media Influences of Body Image Numerous studies have been conducted
on the various aspects of the impact and societal expectations held by north America and the impacts
that it has on today's youth. Body Image is a picture or mental image of your own body and how you
view it.However, during my research process, there were very few sources that supported the
media's projection of body image. As we explore all the aspects of what body image really is and
what impact may the media play in the constructed view on what is an ideal body. The paper will
further examine a total of six different research papers which talk about the views of body image
through the media. Social media and the connection with body image is not talked about in day to
day life rather our society pushes it under the rug and pretends that it does not exist. Throughout this
paper, three sub–questions will be dissected to help come to some final conclusions on my research
question which is "Does society 's expectations and media influences have a negative impact on
adolescents views on the ideal body image in North America?" The three sub–questions that will be
looked further into depth is "What are society 's expectations of body Image?" , What is today's
youth's view on ideal body image? and finally, what are some of the negative external influences
that come into play when looking at the ideal body image?. Literature Review First off, the question
that must be explored is

Incarceration: The Influence Of Research On Prisoners
Chapter One: Introduction
1.1 Introduction to the research area
Over the last 51 years prisoners have been placed at the nucleus of criminal justice system research.
There has been an abundance of research exploring the impact of imprisonment spanning across a
multiplicity of disciplines including psychology, sociology, law, social work and social policy
(XXXXXXXXXX). Unfortunately, the research can be seen to have a reductionist tendency to focus
on the person imprisoned as a single entity (Light and Campbell, 2006,.......). This is also the typical
position adopted by the media, who often focus on drawing attention to towards the individual who
committed the crime, the victim and the punishment they received (Chadee, 2001). What isn't ...
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The research will adopt a qualitative methodological approach, consisting of semi–structured
interviews with each of the professionals. The professionals will be asked to discuss their
experiences of working with prisoner's families and draw upon their knowledge of what support
they are able to provide them. A copy of the interview schedule can be found in the appendices of
this report. This research will utilise interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) (Smith &
Osborn, 2003) to explore the themes present within the interviews. This approach can be seen as the
most appropriate method of thematic analysis for this research project as it has an ideographic focus
which draws upon the insight a given person attaches to a phenomena (Smith & Osborn, 2003).
Additionally, its standardised procedure will assist the research in obtaining the knowledge and
perceptions of the professional's interviewed, while limiting compromising the validity and
reliability of the data collected. To assist in this process the qualitative analytical software 'NVIVO'
shall be used to transcribe the interviews, identify predominant codes and themes within the
interviews and explore correlations. The themes will then be presented and discussed in the findings
section of this dissertation. The final sections of this dissertation will critically explore these
findings in

Research Paper On Driving Under The Influence Of Driving
Driving under the influence isn't something you see on a calendar or even a thought when people are
planning their day. In fact, it's something that isn't given much thought at all until there is a negative
outcome. Many of the ones caught driving under the influence of drugs or alcohol think it is only
their life that is affected. I have heard people say "it's my life, what's the worst that can happen? I
get a DUI"? Well, it's not just their life that is affected by the results of driving under the influence.
When that choice to drive under the influence is made they are taking the lives of family, friends,
and strangers into their hands. There doesn't have to be an accident or somebody killed for the
results to destroy the life of the driver

Research Proposal Outline: The Influence of Environmental...
Research proposal outline
The influence of environmental corporate social responsibility on profitability
Central focus
This research proposal will contain details on how environmental corporate social responsibility
affects a firm's profitability. The central question is how does environmental awareness affect a
firm's financial gains? This is a worthwhile question to pursue due to the emerging trend in positive
consumerism (Harrison, 2005) as well as the perceived business benefits of CSR.
This work will be based on a theoretical framework of sustainability and specifically that of
corporate social responsibility (CSR).The work of Porter and Kramer (2003) indicated that
businesses can indeed benefit immensely by engaging in CSR activities. These must be done while
at the same time ensuring that the business remains profitable. As Carroll (1983, p. 608), CSR
involves the conduct and behavior of a given business in a manner that is law abiding, economically
viable, ethical and yet socially supportive. Eco–efficiency should therefore be one of the ways in
which businesses can offer goods and services in a way that can improve the quality of life so as to
make the clients satisfied (Elkington,1997,p.,78). I will therefore be engaging this topic from the
point of view of environmental awareness, eco–efficiency and environmental corporate social
responsibility and their impact on the image and profitability of companies.
Key research questions
Does environmental

Lifeskills Training Program
Out of the all programs that I researched from the Crime Solutions website, the one that stood out to
me the most was the "LifeSkills Training" program. The reason behind why I choose this program is
because I actually have a family member (cousin) that went through this program, who was heavily
involved in drug and alcohol abuse, as well as being party of a criminal gang and participating in
numerous illegal activates. Until he faced the biggest obstacle in his life, he was arrested and had to
spend a portion of his life behind bars when he was only fifth teen years old. Luckily this situation
made him realize he was just throwing his life away and decided to switch his whole life around.
When he made this decision, he took it very serious and while being locked up he demonstrated
good behavior at the facility he was housed and was released early on parole (age 17 years old).
When he was released, that's when he discovered the LifeSkills program.
The LifeSkills program is a classroom–based tobacco–, alcohol–, and drug abuse–prevention
program for adolescents ranging from 11 to 18 years old. The goals of LifeSkills are to prevent
tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drug abuse by targeting key risk and protective factors associated with
these behaviors. LifeSkills is designed to: (1) increase knowledge of the adverse consequences of
substance use; (2) promote anti–drug attitudes and norms; (3) teach personal self–management
skills; (4) teach general social skills; and (5) teach

Compare and Contrast Minority and Majority Influence
As social beings, with each one of us connected to a whole network of other humans and their
associated beliefs, opinions and traits practically every conscious second of the day, it is inevitable
that we will be subject to external influences. These influences come in all shapes and forms from a
whole multitude of sources, occurring both consciously and unconsciously, instantaneously or over a
prolonged period of time, with the potential effect of these influences ranging from the immaterial to
the life–changing. While our susceptibility to influence from the connected world around us can be
hard to measure given our constant exposure to several different influences, social psychologists
have been able to study the world of influence ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One may find this interesting as it demonstrates the unconscious influence we are all subject to
throughout life by the other members of our cultural group. Another factor that would make people
more susceptible to group influence is the size of the group. While one may naturally think this
seems obvious, with the more members in a group the more likely one is to be influenced,
investigations have identified that a group of 3–5 is the ideal number for influence to occur. A group
size of less than 3 people sees conformity significantly reduced (Bond, 2005), while there appears to
be little difference in the effect of the size of the group once the group has reached a size of 5. One
may challenge this, as it would seem to contradict slightly the phenomenon of de–individualisation
which can see individuals doing things they would never dream of doing if acting independently,
though as a result of the big group setting in which the individual finds themself, they lose their
sense of individual identity and act in line with the crowd. One would expect this to occur much
more readily when in a crowd of 20,000, as opposed to a group of 5. Above and beyond one's
cultural tendencies and the size of the group, there are

Positive Influences In Research
"Negative Experiences Creates Positive Influences" "Develop success from failures, discouragement
and failures are two of the surest stepping stones to success" (Carnegie). Putting in the work and not
getting a grade deserved is discouraging. Failure does break the average person, and they accept
being beat. A negative experience is always hard to overcome, however the ones who recover are the
most successful in life. A negative experience can leave a forever positive influence on their life.
Strength is a valuable skill learned overtime. The skill strength doesn't come easy to those that
haven't had a experience that they wanted to quit. Instead strength is learned through fighting
through an experience they want to give up on. Surviving through a negative experience takes effort,
time, and energy to learn defeat.In return you learn the skill of strength. Strength can help fight
against negative experiences and leave a positive influence by teaching one not to give up. Strength
teaches the average person not to give without a fight. If you fall to failure do not go down without a
hard earned fight. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Learning from the mistake is the best lesson. However most have a difficult time to move on from
their mistake. Instead the mistake eats them alive. Most fail when they need to move on from the
past because it is not easy. If someone is living in the past they can not grow and learn new skills
that will help them in the future. Moving forward will let the burden free. Living in the past will kill
you when you are going through a negative experience. This will be the breaking line of if you
learned from your experience or if you learn and continue to grow. The moral is move on there is
nothing you can do to change what happened in the

Visual Media 's Influence On Society
Allyson Lynn
Sarah Wilson
Writing 101
20 October 2015
Visual Media's Influence on Society
Information is easily accessible to Americans through the media. Americans can get this information
from print, audio, visual, and online. For eight to eighteen year olds, media in some form or fashion
normally takes up seven and a half hours of each day. Of those seven and a half hours, most is spent
in front of the television. Along with watching TV, video games and use of computers consume an
hour for each (Media, Body Image, and Eating Disorders). Even though there are many contributing
factors, visual mass media has a negative influence on American society.
The increasing amount of mass media have contributed to the growing rate of ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The National Eating Disorders Association states that mass media are a leading source for the issue
concerning women being dissatisfied with their own body.
As stated by the National Eating Disorders Association, mass media's influence is greatly increasing.
With this issue in mind in 2004, Dove created their campaign for real beauty in the hopes of
reaching women struggling with body image issues. Dove's campaign began as a way to strike up a
discussion over the true definition of beauty. Since 2004, Dove's campaign has had many different
ways of achieving this goal to reach out to those struggling with beauty. These campaigns include
counterarguments on issues including aging, thin as beautiful. Dove even made a commercial which
showed women describing themselves to an artist, and then another individual coming in and
describing that same person to the artist. Later the women got to come back in and see the difference
in the drawings, which gave them an insight to how others view them and their true beauty. Dove
conducted a study in which the results were that only four percent of the women in the world
thought of themselves as beautiful. Their research also states that nine out of ten girls want to
change at least one thing about their physical appearance (Our Research). Since their campaign for
real beauty, Dove has set a movement for self–esteem. This

Annotated Bibliography Of Annotated Models
Annotated Bibliography
Bachai, Sabrina. "French Law Requires Models to Get Their Body Weight Certified." Medical
Daily. IBT Media Inc., 18 Dec. 2015. Web. 25 Oct. 2016.
In the "French Law Requires Models to Get Their Body Weight Certified", the French National
Assembly passed a bill which requires models to provide a doctor's note stating that they are
healthy. The first law was not successful because it required models' BMI (body mass index) which
is not an accurate measure to determine if a model is healthy or not. The second law states that a
doctor's note is still needed, but the doctor has to take into consideration the weight, gender and
body shape of the model. If the model disobeyed the law, they would have to pay $82,000 fines as ...
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The participants were adolescents between the age of 16 through 19. The study was divided into two
groups Study A and Study B. Each study had different sub–goals. For example, Study A's goals were
to explore the views of wellness and healthy bodies, while Study B's goal was to explore the beliefs
and experiences for healthy bodies. Data was collective for a period of time for both studies. Study
A's data was collected for a three–month period, while Study B's data was collected ten months after
Study A. Study B was only collected for a month. Scientist found that two common themes appear
in Study A and B. These themes were "the negative impact of media on adolescent body image" and
"pressure to conform to the Western views of physical

What Does Ontological Position Influence Mixed Methods...
The main purpose of this paper is to reflect upon a methodological approach towards in what extent
does ontological position influence mixed methods research which involves both collecting and
analyzing the combination of quantitative and qualitative data. This reflection will begin with
defining the ontological position, then why this approach influence mixed method research and
followed by a conclusion.
Defining ontological position
The term ontology is derived from the Greek word, with "onto" meaning "being", and "logos"
usually interpreted as "science"; so that ontology, as customarily understood, is the science or study
of being (Lawson, 2004). Also, ontology is a branch of metaphysics concerned with the nature and
relations of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Referring to the term 'Method' for gathering and analyzing data such as survey research or
regression analysis on the quantitative side and metaphor analysis on the qualitative or interpretive
sides (Hatch and Yanow, 2008). Guba (1990) refers to ontology as the nature of the 'knowable' or the
nature of 'reality'. Thus, an assumption of an ontological kind concern is that the very nature of
social entities being investigated (Dieronitou, 2014).
Besides that, I also figured out that epistemology is firmly grounded in the ontological belief that the
actions of human subjects is noticeable of a methodical and ruled by administered of the external
reality. Therefore, there is a theoretical view that human behaviors and actions are principally
determined by stimuli which are not of their own making according to scholar Bracken, 2010.
Therefore, there is an understanding that a research methodology used by researchers which makes
them produces differing sets of data and to emphasize upon outcomes in contradictory ways by
depending upon on ontological and epistemological positioning. Hence, this paper will focus on the
ontological position of mixed methods methodology.
Using mix method why ontological influence this approach
The argument of this paper is that ever since almost all researchers, whether they give credit to the
positivist, constructivist or pragmatic tradition, implemented the conventional term 'paradigm' to
suggest a fresh

Media and Beauty
The Media and Beauty Beauty is the interpretation of one's physical body and the portrayal of the
one's own body so called body image exists within the mind. It is unbelievable that media world
tries to exploit the body image which can affect an individual psychologically and physically
whether it is in a good or bad way. In the article, "How the Media Keeps Us Hung Up on Body
Image" by Shari Graydon, the author claims that women of all ages are suffering and media is the
source to blame for influencing the women and triggering unhealthy, harmful medical problems. As
strength, Graydon raises the attention of the readers by giving information on how media is affecting
women through the usage of celebrities, professionals ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although Graydon tires to use extreme evidences to prove her argument, the second part of her
weakness is that she is focusing only on women that lead to being bias against men. Aside from
mentioning solutions for children later on in the article, Graydon completely left out the part of men
being affected by media. Although Graydon explains how media is harmful and shows that women
are the victims of exposure to media by showing data from research, she is focusing too much on
women. In the article, Graydon tells the readers about media targeting women by making fashion
shows and Television shows such as Extreme Makeover and The Swan which are related with
Beauty and body transformation (18). These materials that Graydon provides are all related mainly
to women and girls. This shows and proves that Graydon is ignoring the men being increasingly
targeted and affected by media since she is only stating about how women are being affected by the
media. Derenne and Beresin said in their journal that "Men too are bombarded by media pressure.
Pictures of thin, muscular, and perfectly coiffed "metrosexual" models appear in men's magazines"
(259). Authors are trying to assert that men are targeted by the media. This clearly indicates that not
only women but also men are victims of media exposure. This also supports the argument of
Graydon's biasness towards women. Robera Honigman and David

Transformational Leadership Research Paper
Before I address transformational leadership, I must first define leadership. According to the
Merriam–Webster dictionary, leadership is "the power or ability to lead other people". Emblematic
discussions in the military classroom revolve around the traits and definition of leadership.
Innumerable debates, projects, and studies focus on the definition of transformational leadership.
According to Burns (1978), transformational leadership is "A relationship of mutual stimulation and
elevation that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents." (p. 4).
While at Air Command and Staff College (ACSC), I was taught that transformational leaders
possess four characteristics known as the "four I's of transformational

Research Project: Influences of Challenging Financial...
Research Project: Influences of Challenging Financial Situations on Gauteng University Students'
Subjective Well–being
Initials & Surname: TL Nchoe
Student Number : 23991828
Module Code : SOCL 312
Lecturer : Dr. Werner Nell
Due date : 29 April 2014
Contents
Influences Of A Challenging Financial Situation On University Students' Subjective Well–being 3
1. Research Methodology 4
2. Sampling Strategy 5
3. Data Collection 6
4.Ethics 7
Conclusion 8
Reference List 9
Influences Of A Challenging Financial Situation On Gauteng University Students' Subjective Well–
being
Key Variables:
Challenging financial situations.
University students.
Subjective ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, the students interviewed may have different definitions of subjective well–being and of
what a challenging financial situation is. A qualitative methodology will allow the students to
answer the questions asked in a manner that best expands on their understanding. As the researcher,
I am interested in how the students interviewed respond to the questions asked, as the data analysis
would have to be described in depth after concluding all interviews with the students.
2. Sampling Strategy
This research assignment is about finding out how challenging financial circumstances of students
in university influence their subjective well–being. In order for me to get a hold of university
students who would be willing to share how their difficult financial circumstances affect their

subjective well–being, research will employ non–probability sampling. In this case, research needs
to take place at the university premises.
The two randomly chosen universities to conduct the research project are North–West University
and University of Johannesburg. Meetings will be set up with the Directors of the two universities in
order to inform the directors about the research project, as well as the purpose. With the directors'
consent, I would approach each faculty leader from the three faculties I have the desire to get insight
into, which are Faculty of Humanities, Faculty of Law and Faculty of Education. Each faculty, with
help from the

Personal Influences In Research
Many personal experiences and influences can cause skewed results in any research study I do. I
have to ask myself questions such as, How does my religion, gender, age, where I am from,
background, political affiliation, socio–economic status, group of friends, etc. influence the way I
think about this group? How could that influence how I conduct my research? Also, why does this
matter? The findings of my studies, in the research on polygamist societies, will influence whether
their marriages will be legally recognized in the United States.
Strong convections in my life such as, my religion, gender, age, where I am from, background,
political affiliation, socio–economic status, group of friends, etc. can influence the way I think about
this situation. I was raised a military brat. I moved a lot, never making too many friends. I'm a very
secluded person. I am not very religious either, although I was raised in a household that believed in
two different religions. I grew up in a very diverse family and I was always taught non–
discrimination. Both of my parents, including myself, believe in monogamy. We also support the
gay rights movements. Polygamy was very rarely discussed in my house, when it was it always
seemed like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My personal experiences and how they influence my research will not only affect me but also the
community of people being studied. I am just one person in the millions of people in America. The
findings of my studies, in the research on polygamist societies, will influence whether their
marriages will be legally recognized in the United States. This legislation will also allow
polygamists to adopt children, apply for welfare for their many wives and children if they need it,
and get tax breaks. I need to be able to step into another person's shoes and try to imagine the needs
of these groups of people. I could not do that without taking into account my personal experiences
and how they influence my

Essay about The Media And Violence
The debate regarding the media's relationship to violence in society has been a hot issue for most of
the past century. From the beginning of the wide use of mass media, from films to radio to
television, researchers have tried to explain any association or correlation between media effects and
violence. Of particular interest and concern has been the issue of violence in the media and the
impact that this has on children. Although important research efforts have increased our
understanding of the topic there is still a great that needs to be done in terms of the application and
implementation of the findings to policies and television programming.
It has become generally acknowledged by many communications studies that exposure to ... Show
This study laid a strong foundation from which future studies drew.
The Surgeon General's Report on Television and Social Behavior (1971) was a highly criticized
study because of the vagueness of its implications but progress in the field of study were still made.
The studies were based on content analysis of TV violence with particular attention to modeling and
observational learning as evident in the subjects. The conclusions that were drawn from the five
volumes of research were that television programming is heavily saturated with violence, there has
been increased exposure to this violence by both adults and children, and that viewing of violence in
the media increases the likelihood of aggressive behavior. This project is of particular interest due to
the large size of the study and extent of federal funding that was used to support it.
The research performed by Alert Bandura resulted in strong evidence for short–term effects of
exposure to violence in the media. In his studies children watched models perform aggressive acts
against a doll. These acts of aggression were presented under three circumstances, 1. The children
saw the model rewarded for aggressive behavior, 2. The children saw the model receive no
consequences for their aggressive behavior, and 3. The children saw the model punished. All three
groups were able to imitate the aggressive

Impact of Media on Teenagers
Paper Abstract:
Discusses ways in which movies, television, radio, print and the Internet influence teenage attitudes,
self–image and behaviors. Negative effects of media emphasis on thinness. Relationship between
media & self–esteem. How film, TV & music affirm the validity of sexual activity for teens; alcohol
use. Aggression & violence.
Paper Introduction:
The Effect of Media on Teenagers The media exerts an enormous, almost a normative influence,
over the lives of men, women, adolescents and children. It influences, particularly among teenagers,
the ways in which individuals and groups dress, talk, behave, and think (Teen People, p. 28). The
media, in the forms of movies, television, radio, and print as well as the new electronic ... Show
gnized each year with uncounted thousands ofadvertisements in print and that these same young
people are helping behaviors are routinely represented in the mass medialends them suggests that
this impact is moreoften negative than positive exposure may be the only way to reduce theeffects of
Topic Our News Team's Views Teen People pp Botta Renee A Television Images and Adolescent
Girls' Body pp Field Alison E Camargo Carlos pp Gilbert James Washington Diarist Juvenilia The
New Republic June Relations to Sexual Harassment Body of men women adolescents and children
It influences electronic communicationsmedium of the Internet helps to connect individuals are
often highly impressionable and subject tosuch alcohol and or drug use to name teenagers' body
imageand thin ideal endorsement indicates that media personal dissatisfaction and lowered self–
esteem Additionally the continued emphasis nervosa or bulimia is also image and sexualharassment
tended to reveal that the onthe other hand appear to very real concern They tend tohighlight the sex
Field Camargo Taylor Berkey Roberts and Colditz beauty and fashion magazines and higherlevels
disorder symptoms are via encouraging girls in which most young females experience some level
ofnegative date comparable females John R Chapin p believes that sexual violence or aggression
directedagainst to music withsexual themes and attend concerts in p reported that media content is
adolescents as well as a lowering at entertainers are commonly

Revised Research Argument Essay
Elizabeth Jeziorny
Prof. Donohue
WR122
14 June, 2012
Final/Revised Researched Argument Essay
(thesis) The media is a culture force that can not be avoided and gives us information on a vast
variety of topics. It influences what we think, the way we act and helps us choose our purchases.
The media not only provides us with the information, but it decides which information is important.
What we see on television and the internet or what we hear on the radio is all chosen by the media.
Media gives us the data that forms our opinions. It has taken away a lot of our individual qualities
and so that we are much like sheep trying to imitate the media suggestions and losing our
individuality and creativity. Advertising is a conspicuous ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Even if they do show something which could be dangerous to a child's well–being, it is the
responsibility of the parent to make sure they don't watch it! Look around us today, what do you
see? Technology being thrown at you from all kinds of places. For one the media has brought
technology to another level. But if you really look at the whole picture technology is media and they
interact with each other. We are swamped by media and technology. We have no control over it, and
don't know what to believe about technology anymore. Children are growing up faster than normal
and in the future who knows what will happen to innocence that children usually had. When you
remember that being happy and feeling good is your number one priority, you will find it much
easier when you seek out positive media influences. In the article Affects of Media on Society, it
states "In the last 50 years the media influence has grown rapidly with the technology." It started
with all the ways information was relayed to us by mail, telegraph and new computer technology.
We need to give it some credit because it has taken great steps in advancements in the medical field
and other forms of technology. The internet has made many things in our life much simpler at work,
at home and in education. We need to give it some credit because it has taken great steps in
advancements in the medical field and other forms of technology. The

Does the Media Shape Who We Are?
Introduction
The Mass Media is an important feature of modern society; its development has undoubtedly been a
core factor to rapid social and technological change and also to the rise in personal income and
standard of life as well as the decline of some social traditions. Mass media can be defined as
venues for messages that are created for consumption by large numbers of people. It is a term used
to denote a section of the media specifically envisioned and designed to reach a very large audience
such as the population of a nation state.
The degree to which the mass media has influenced society today has been (and still is) debated
upon for decades. It can be argued that the mass media is used as "an instrument", both more
powerful and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The school proposed the hypodermic model of effects. This envisaged the media as a hypodermic
syringe that injected the audience with its contents like a drug making them acceptable to the
attitudes, opinions and beliefs expressed by the medium about the decisions that they make.
'The image of mass communication process entertained by researchers had been, firstly, one of "an
atomistic mass" of millions of readers, listeners and movie goers, prepared to receive the message;
and secondly...every message [was conceived of] as a direct and powerful stimulus to action which
would elicit immediate response.'– Katz and Lazarsfeld (1955)
The Inoculation Model
Another theory similar to the last is the Inoculation model, a long term model that is based upon the
idea that if we are continuously exposed to certain images, we then become immune to them. This
was an argument used in the Jamie Bulger case in which two teenage boys were said to have been
obsessed with and therefore influenced by the film Child's Play 3 and thus drove them to carry out a
horrific crime on the toddler.
Television violence has been a hot topic in recent years especially the effects it has on young people.
As a result there are censorship guidelines notably in the aim not to influence the minds of the
young. For example, in America certain sketches of the animated comedy The Simpsons are
censored. It is not evenhanded to say

The Principle of Persuasion Essay
According to the text , Social Psychology, "social psychology is the scientific study of how people
think about, influence, and relate to one another"(pg. 4) this is viewed in a variety of social topics
incorporating group behaviors, attitudes, conformity, obedience to authority, stereotypes and peer
pressure. Outside factors can have a positive or negative affect our view of ourselves and each other.
These outside factors are used to persuade and influence group behavior. Persuasion is defined as
"the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors" (Myers, 2010,
pg. 230). The principles of this process of persuasion according to researchers, Robert Cialdini and
Thomas Davidson, are attractiveness and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A perfect example of this social proof phenomenon is the laughing tracks added to sit–coms. Since
there is laughter in the background we assume it must be funny so we laugh. Everyone else is
laughing so must we. Consistency is defined as the conformity in the application of something
which is necessary for the sake of logic, accuracy, or fairness. Accoring to Persuasion is a Science,
by Peter Wilby, people that appear to be an expert and trustworthy are more likely to be followed.
Cialdini is quoted in this article as saying, "People then listen differently to the next thing you say.
They open their ears and minds. So, when recommending someone for a job, mention a weak spot
before you rhapsodise about their brilliance" (Wilby, 2007, para. 5). Authority is closely related to
credibility. If someone has authority, people tend to be willing to be persuaded by them because they
believe in them and they recognize them as an authoritative figure. Doctors are percieved to have
authority on medical issues therfore we, as their patients, are inclined to listen (or be persuaded by)
their advice as to our health problems. Scarcity is another principle of persuasion. Often times we
are pulled into deals in the retail industry because 'it's a one time offer'. "The act of limiting access
to a message causes individuals to want to receive it more and to become more favorable to it"
according to Davidson (para. 42). The biggest

Research Paper on the Effects of Mass Media on the Perfect...
How can you determine what body image should be? The desire for the perfect body has been
prevalent throughout society for a vast majority of time. What makes teenage girls feel the need to
strive for this "perfect body"? Some have asked, "...a rapidly growing body of research addresses the
question of whether body perfect ideals in the mass media are a core risk factor for negative body
image, particularly in women" (Dittmar, Helga) My hypothesis is "Does the media influence
adolescent girl's weight concerns and their perceptions of body weight and shape?" The media in
many aspects controls the way that people see themselves and the way they do things. So with
teenagers striving to look like what they see in the media some of them go ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
So in my research I will test girls from the ages of 13–19 from high school and college. I will give
them surveys that will ask how much media they are exposed to. With questions that see if they are
watching TV shows like 90210, or Melrose Place and magazines such as Seventeen, and
Cosmopolitan. Then the girls can then be split into two groups; Group 1 with the girls that are
exposed to little forms of media, and Group 2 with girls that are exposed to many forms of media.
They then will be given another survey that will ask how much they weigh, how they see
themselves, and what type of body image they desire. Body–image is being measured by the
"conceptualized as a multidimensional construct that represents how individuals think, feel, and
behave with regard to their own physical attributes" (Morrison , Kalin) If Group1, the group with
little exposure to media, has a normal body perception and doesn't desire a skinnier body image in
contrast to Group 2. Where Group 2, the group an immense exposure to media, has poor body
perceptions and desires a skinner body. The conclusion then can be made that the amount of media
exposure has an influence on body image and perception.
There are many challenges that can come up during research on the "perfect body" image. Some

Social Influence Research Paper
Influence is something that most human beings have been affected by. The way one's parents behave
might affect how the child behaves. Social influence is the thought of acceptance, and the human
behavior of how one follows everything that others do just to be accepted, and most times the effect
of rejection can be harmful.
Most human beings have a tendency trying to impress others just so that they aren't rejected. In a
video from Crash Course: psychology: Episode 38: Social Influence explains the Milgram
experiment: "The learner was asked to memorize a list of word pairs ... the learner purposefully gave
mainly wrong answers .... If a participant hesitated, perhaps swayed by the learner's yelp of pain ...
the researcher gave orders to make sure

Resistance To Social Influence
Today, societal norms are a significant factor of day to day life as people are expected to follow
them, since they will otherwise be seen as abnormal. However; sometimes, people decide to deviate
from these norms and choose not to conform to them. Usually, social pressure is present and it
effects an individual's decisions. Resistance to social influence refers to the ability of people to
withstand the social pressure to conform to the majority or to obey authority. Stanley Milgram has
conducted a research regarding obedience and social influence, in which he has discovered a
number of observations and interpretations. This essay will describe the two explanations of
resistance to social influence, and evaluate them. Social influence refers to a change in behaviour
that is caused by the influence of the other, whether intentional or not, from a result of how the
individual perceives themselves in relation to the group, society or individual who influenced them.
According to Milgram, there are three areas of social influence, which are conformity, compliance
and obedience. Conformity refers to changing one's own behaviour to match the behaviour of
others, this plays a major role in the sense of belonging and esteem. An instance of this would be
evident from Milgram's study. In 1963, Stanley Milgram, wanted to conduct a research to determine
the reasoning as to why Germans were willing to obey to Adolf Hitler's commands and dictations.
This is because these people chose

The Power Of Television Images : The First Kennedy Nixon...
Media Effects Media is not a novel presence, but its influences are ever evolving and increasing
exponentially. Whether through print or television each type of media is vitally important for a
politician. Politicians must focus on the message that is to be conveyed and be aware of the
influence each media type has. Print ads, radio shows, television interviews, magazine articles and
debates all have a degree of effectiveness on a voting demographic. Mastering the media effects on
the people that are to be influenced is the key to successful communication of ideas and a successful
political career. James Druckman in "The Power of Television Images: the first Kennedy–Nixon
debate revised" looks at how television affects political behavior. Druckman's (2003) hypothesis is
that television viewers will be significantly more likely than audio listeners to use personality
criteria when evaluating the candidates with all else constant. To test this theory he had a group of
college students listen to an audio version of a debate while another group watched a televised
version. Through his testing Druckman (2003) found that "television images have an independent
effect on individuals' political judgments: they elevate the importance of perceived personality
factors, which can in turn alter overall evaluations." The students that watched the debate had strong
feelings that Kennedy won the debate with his confidence, demeanor, and outward appeal. The
students that listened to only

Research on the Influence of Informatization
Running head: RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATIZATION 1
Research on The Influence of Informatization On The Accounting
Theories and Practices and Real–time Control in China
Yang Lu
Fairleigh Dickinson University
RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATIZATION 2
Abstract
The 21st century is an information age of rapid development and the computer is more and more
widely used in every country. As a development country, China is effecting by the increasing
improvement of modern science technology in every field. In the accounting field, with the
appearance of computerization, accounting information processing has a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the information age, accounting period shorten the spatial distance between the enterprise and the
entity. At the same time, network technology provides the possibility of the financial management to
understand financial position and business performance. Therefore, in this circumstance, accounting
period is a week or a month, however, it could not be shorter because the business of some
enterprises have periodicity and continuity. If the division of accounting cycle is too small, it is
difficult to reflect the various business position and evaluate the business of enterprise and the
development in the future. Quality of accounting information includes reliability, relativity,
timeliness and some other features, and it directly connect with the decision–making and operating
result. Impact from accounting informatization, accounting information system (AIS) belongs to the
management control layer and presents the accounting principle. At the same time, it will make for
the improving of accounting information quality.
RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATIZATION 5 Last of these aspects is
accounting measurement that generally utilizes the historical cost to measure. However, due to
accounting informatization, the measurement is gradually developing a new mode of cost–based and
combination with market value. Under this situation,

Essay about Media Influence Upon Modern Society
The Mass Media is a unique feature of modern society; its development has accompanied an
increase in the magnitude and complexity of societal actions and engagements, rapid social change,
technological innovation, rising personal income and standard of living and the decline of some
traditional forms of control and authority.
There is an association between the development of mass media and social change, although the
degree and direction of this association is still debated upon even after years of study into media
influence. Many of the consequences, either detrimental or beneficial, which have been attributed to
the mass media, are almost undoubtedly due to other tendencies within society. Few sociologists
would refute the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is regarded as one of the first in the area of or notion that the mass media has an affect on the
societal attitudes and beliefs of that time.
This was soon follow around about a decade later in 1941 by Katz, Berelson, and Lazarsfeld who
also decided to research into the topic of media effects, a research which produced the now
commonly known 'Minimum Effects Model'. The main aspect of this research being to investigate
any possible link or factor that may influence voting behaviour. As has been described in numerous
literature it's 'discovery' was that the mass media played little or no part in the process of the
formation of any political opinion, attitude or preference.
They came to the conclusion that the biggest factor influencing people was not the media, but other
people. By the 1960's, there was a revival of Marxist attitudes, and so the work of Katz, Lazarsfeld,
and Berelson was largely dismissed in favour of re–examining the model of research into media
effects, due to the modifications the mass media had undergone in the post 1941 period, to consider
another way in which to investigate the influence and the effects of the media.
Influence, society and individuals
As Jane Root wrote in the book "Open The Box", which delves into the possibilities of media
influence, "It has a role in defining what we think of as

Transformational Leadership : The New Leadership Paradigm
"Transformational Leadership: The New Leadership Paradigm"
Boosting morale, increasing motivation, and elevating job performance of followers are all
dynamics of a transformational leader. Transformational leadership can be defined as a leader's
approach to nurture and empower followers. This type of a leader exhibits charismatic and visionary
tendencies. As its name suggests, a transformational leader transforms and changes people. The
emergence of transformational leadership as an approach to leadership in regards to political leaders
was presented by James MacGregor Burns, a political sociologist. One of his primary focuses was to
link the roles of leadership and followers. Later, Bernard M. Bass, another researcher expanded the
work of Bass' original ideas by explaining certain psychological mechanisms regarding transactional
and transformational leadership as well as how transformational leadership can be measured
(Northouse, 2013). He also developed the earlier version of the Multi–factor Leadership
Questionnaire (MLQ) to measure transformational leadership through questions that measured the
followers' perceptions of a leader's behavior for each of the full range of leadership factors. A few
questions that I would like to address in this essay are what type of contributions do the four
transformational leadership factors have on leaders and followers, why have researchers deemed
transformational leadership as the new leadership paradigm,

My Influences Research
I have had a many influences in life that made me decide I want to teach. Narrowing it down to
three is kind of hard. Some of my influences are not good influences, however they have made me
want to be better than they were. Children need to be love and nurtured, and I have had some who
have done this some have not. I want to make sure that I make them know that I care. One of my
first influences was in the 2nd grade. I was terrified of my teacher going into the 2nd grade. I hadn't
even met him, but I had my mind made up that he was awful. My first day I walked into his
classroom literally shaking. People had told me that he was so mean and just awful. He set me up
front and I was so nervous I answered every question he asked me wrong. He ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Some have taught me how I want to be while others have taught me how I do not want to be. I feel
that if you are a teacher you should love kids and your job. If you start to not love it you need to get
out. I hope that someone will tell me when I am being an awful teacher, and help me change
whatever wrong I am

Human Growth And Development Study Guide Ch 1,2,3

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