In-Groups

In-Groups
Everyone has been a part of an in–group or out–group at some point in their lives. The group with
which one may have felt a sense of belonging and loyalty would be considered one's in–group.
Alternatively, the group with which one may have felt animosity or exclusion from could be
considered one's out group. Some examples of in–groups include: gangs, Nazis, friendship cliques,
and colleagues. Being a part of either group has consequences that are positive, at times, and
negative. Examining the ways in which dividing people into groups impacts individual's lives is
important because it allows one to gain a better understanding of why society functions in the way
that it does, and how groups can influence one's thoughts and behaviors. In–groups have many
positive consequences for the members of the group. For example, in–groups provide a sense of
belonging. Being a part of a group of individuals with similar views and experiences cultivate a
sense of solidarity. Furthermore, these groups can foster an environment of understanding; when one
makes a mistake, it is more likely that a person who is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While being a part of an in–group can have many benefits for members of the in–group, such as
feelings of inclusion and understanding, it also seems that this division most frequently creates
negative consequences. This was exemplified through the treatment of Native Americans during the
time of the Gold Rush in California. However, it is hard to judge whether or not it is possible to
abandon the idea of in–groups and out–groups entirely. It seems that these groups are so deeply
ingrained into the way that society operates. These groups contribute to one's ideas and behaviors,
and are deeply intertwined with how people become who they are. However, ideally, everyone
would be a part of the in–group, feeling a sense of belonging, encouragement, and
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In Group Bias Research Essay
The study aimed to investigate if artificial grouping lead to in–group bias, and to further examine
the effect on in–group bias when participants are given autonomy over the decision in which rating
scales are the most important . It was anticipated that in–group bias would be expressed when
participants rated their own poster against the other groups in terms of overall effectiveness. This
hypothesis was supported. Indeed, a large and statistically significant difference was found between
the two scores for overall effectiveness. In agreement with past studies (Brewer, 1979; Buttelmann
& Böhm, 2014; Lindeman, 1997), the in–group rated themselves as better than the out–group. This
result is important, as it cements past research in proposing that in–group bias is expressed in
groups, even if they are artificially created. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed, the groups in this study were artificially selected. Perhaps, to further incorporate the
dimension of individualism and collectivism, future research could compare levels of in–group bias
between several cultures. This may allow us to ascertain whether the influence of individualism
impacts upon the levels of in–group bias shown in artificial or meaningful groups. Indeed, a
limitation of the current study was the inability to apply the results across cultures (to collectivist
cultures for example). However, answers to the phenomenon of in–group bias are not universal, and
should only be understood against the social backdrop in which they were examined (Tajfel, Billig,
Bundy, & Flament, 1971, p.

Affirmative Action And Its Effect On Minority Minorities...
Affirmative action is described in sociology as, policies and programs that aim to avoid
discrimination and redress past discrimination through the active recruitment of qualified minorities
for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. (i.e. Exp. Soc., pg 280). In other words, the law
was put in place as an attempt to create pluralism in the United States structure of opportunity.
When describing affirmative action, the generalized assumption is individuals being handed
opportunities based only on their ethnicity. Whether or not that opinion rings through to the
majority, consider the events that lead to the enactment of affirmative action in the first place. The
structure of opportunity in the United States has always been a biased and unfair in its distribution
of opportunities. Since the beginning, the structure of opportunity has always been in favor of
whiter, and ultimately wealthier Americans. Segregation, discrimination, and complete disregard for
people of different ethnicity and color made it as such.
People of color were seen as an inferior, and ultimately poorer group of people than people who
were white. In earlier time, a metaphorical "glass ceiling" held back student of different ethnicity
from becoming more educated. The "glass ceiling" that held them back for so long was the structure
of opportunity being as biased as it is. In essence, the economic conditions, culture, and other
aspects of certain people had an impact on how they lived in society.

Cultural Competency : Critical Psychology
Cultural competency is critical in psychology practice. In the United States, the groups, which
considered as cultural and ethnic minorities, are growing in the population (APA, 2003). Culture
often influences the content and quality of people's experience, perception, and response. Thus, it is
important for psychologists to be aware of cultural influences on client's presenting experience(s)
(Gardiner & Kosmitzki, 2010). Without a regard for cultural influence, there is a significant risk for
the psychologist to misunderstand, misinterpret, and misguide his or her client. Such
misunderstanding, misinterpretation, and misguidance are not only unhelpful but can be detrimental
for the client (Corey, Corey, & Callanan, 2011; Pope, & Vasquez, 2011).
To ensure culturally competent practice, I would seek education, a consultation with a
provider/expert who is competent in a given culture, use a culturally appropriate method/
instrument, design a culturally sensitive research, and provide a culturally sensitive as well as
appropriate informed consent. I believe that it is important for a psychologist to engage in ongoing
education to have up–to–date information in the field of psychology including multicultural
psychology. The field is constantly changing and developing; thus, psychologists must be in the
habit of seeking new information to serve their clients in an ethical manner. In addition to seeking
new research and theoretical information, continuing education must include

Personal Statement : My Strengths And Weaknesses
The purpose of this memo is to evaluate my listening skills, assess my strengths and weaknesses,
and describe how I can improve my skills. My listening self–assessment score of 36 indicates that,
although my skill level is decent, I have room to improve significantly. I regularly attend
professional meetings where either informational listening or critical listening is required. Despite
this, I consider my listening skills subpar and am aware of my need for improvement. In
understanding how I can improve, I must first assess my strengths and weaknesses.
My strengths include not interrupting the speaker, maintaining eye contact to show I am actively
listening, and being able to think critically about complex topics. Not interrupting a speaker and
maintaining eye contact are skills I acquired early in my career to display my engagement and
respect for the speaker. Understanding complex topics is something I continually learn how to do.
This is aided by conceptualizing detailed knowledge and constantly learning more in the areas
related to my field. My main weaknesses are the following. I don't paraphrase the message to ensure
I comprehend it. Typically, halfway through a presentation or meeting I have already formed my
judgements of the speaker and the content. Often, I become distracted by a single point mentioned
and am unable to identify all of a speaker's main points. Now that I have identified my primary
weaknesses, I can begin to improve upon them by altering my

Reflective Essay On Group Diversity
Through my work in groups, I have had to adjust my feedback and leadership styles based on the
different cultures of my group members. "Every organization has its own unique spoken and
unspoken rules that define the culture. Culture is often simply stated as, 'the way we work around
here.' Cultures are formed and change through a variety of environmental events, leadership, and
experiences" (Weiss, Tilin, & Morgan, 2014, p. 153). I need more here maybe?
When bringing students together from different backgrounds and cultures, it is anticipated to run
into some cultural diversity. While these differences are expected to be met with professionalism in
all settings, according to Weiss, Tilin, and Morgan (2014) we have a "tendency to interpret the
behavior of others through the lens of our own habits of thought or personal bias" (pp. 191–192).
Upon acceptance into the radiography program, I had a preformed stereotype or prejudice of my
classmates. Because it is a prestigious and competitive program, I assumed each member would
strive to go above and beyond to produce optimum results. My personal cultural bias was believing
everyone would set those high goals and do whatever it takes to achieve them. I have found in my
classroom groups that some members only do the bare minimum. They are sometimes unprepared
and look toward others for results. This impacted group communications because someone had to
lead the group and bring more insight when others were not contributing. It also made members do
more than their fair share of work. Some members had to take on more to make up for the lack of
effort shown by others.
My group works together very well when providing feedback. We established that we all thrive from
constructive criticism and even welcome it. Feedback is important for all groups because knowing
what was good and bad about a performance or assignment is how you learn from your experiences.
"By institutionalizing feedback strategies, power sharing becomes the responsibility of leaders as
well as members who provide each other with constructive opinions and supportive advice" (Weiss,
et al., 2014, p. 141). So far my experiences in providing and receiving feedback within my group
have been mostly positive.

Bp Oil Spill On The Gulf Of Mexico
Brittneigh Campbell
POS 303
BP Oil Spill Survey
Research Question
How did the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010 affect our economy and environment, and
what does the future hold, with regard to the environment, oil drilling, and sustainability?
Introduction
For the best range of participants and the east of analyzation, I chose to conduct an electronic
survey. I posted the survey (publically) on Facebook. This allowed people from all over the country,
from almost all sections of social–economic class, of a variety of ages and education experiences to
take the survey privately without my influence pushing them into certain answers by accident, and
(hopefully) eliminated their desire to please me. I offered no reward for this survey, and I ended up
with six participants. I then had the computer randomly select three participants. This survey was
designed to gauge people 's opinions on the effects of the BP oil spill on 2010.
Analysis
I had six people take my survey online. The computer randomly selected three people for my
analysis. 67 percent of all the people who participated were male (the rest were non–binary), but the
three selected people were male, so there might be a male bias in the data. I found that the three
people selected disagreed on most of the questions. For example, one person felt that the economy
was strongly affected by the oil spill, but the other two felt that it did not affect the economy to a
large degree. Generally, everyone selected knew

Our Fear Of Immigrants By Jeremy Adam Smith
Ask First, Judge Later
The topic of immigrants has been debated for centuries, and has been an even larger topic for
discussion since the attack on the two towers in 2001. Many people contemplate whether
immigrants are a reason to be scared, not; and if so, then why? If one finds themselves asking this
conflicting question, Jeremy Adam Smith's article, Our Fear of Immigrants, provides an answer.
Relying on research from psychologists and sociologists, Smith gives sufficient evidence for why
immigrants bring such intense feelings of both hatred and compassion, and recommends a way to
increase empathy toward them.
In Our Fear of Immigrants, Smith begins with the story of a fourth grade class in Berkeley,
California that is devastated by the loss of their friend, Rodrigo Guzman, whom authorities sent
back to Mexico because of an expired visitor's visa. With the help of their parents, these fourth
graders in Berkeley, California sent their friend a comforting video and wrote a letter to their
Congressmen in protest against the deportation of Rodrigo. Smith then tells of the protestors in
Murrieta, California who blocked buses transporting undocumented immigrants to a holding facility
(751). Princeton psychologist Susan Fiske explains that, through her travels, she has found prejudice
towards immigrants common around the world. In fact, it is so widespread that the reaction of the
Murrieta protestors is decidedly backed by psychology as a survival instinct. For example,

Essay on Psychological Aspects of Remember the Titans
Quinn
Psych 100
November 13, 2012
Psychology in Movies
Psychology is the study of or science of how individuals and groups behave and their mental
processes. Characteristics of these behaviors and mental processes are portrayed in many different
ways within the movies that we create. Within the movie, Remember the Titans, many social
psychology concepts are present. Remember the Titans is a movie set in Virginia 1971, its about a
high school football team and how they come together in order to try and win the state
championship. Unfortunately it is not that simple, this is a high school that has just been forced to
integrate in a time of racial segregation, in a town where football is everything and is most of the
boys' ticket out of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The four that organized this meeting ask them to stay and hear them out. They talk about winning
games but point out that that isn't a win, sticking together through all the chaos as a team is a true
win. This meeting or decision making group decide to work for harmony within the group and let it
override the realistic alternative of reverting back to the hate of each other that is the norm in the
town.
This entire movie is encased with ingroup bias and outgroups. A great example of this is a scene
when the team is at their football camp. Louie goes to sit down at a table of all African Americans
and Julius says, "What you doing man?" Louie answers "I'm eating lunch." and Julius replies "I see
you eating lunch. Why you eating over here? Why don't you go on over there and eat with your
people." This shows Julius' tendency to favor his own group over Louie who is perceived to be part
of a group that is different than his group. Remember the Titans being set in a segregated time is all
about the in–group and out–group.
In conclusion, the three concepts that are evident in Remember the Titans are foot–in–the–door
phenomenon, groupthink, and ingroup bias and outgroup. Adding these concepts into the plot made
this a stronger storyline, by creating a dynamic story. The concept of groupthink is a concept that I

Life on the Color Line
Life on the Color Line is a powerful tale of a young man's struggle to reach adulthood, written by
Gregory Howard Williams – one that emphasizes, by daily grapples with personal turmoil, the
absurdity of race as a social invention. Williams describes in heart wrenching detail the privations he
and his brother endured when they were forced to remove themselves from a life of White privilege
in Virginia to one where survival in Muncie, Indiana meant learning quickly the cold hard facts of
being Black in skin that appeared to be White. This powerful memoir is a testament to the potential
love and determination that can be exhibited despite being on the cusp of a nation's racial conflicts
and confusions, one that lifts a young person above ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
<br>
<br>Outgroup homogeneity bias is the tendency to assume that there is greater similarity among
members of outgroups than among members of the ingroups as defined by the textbook. An
illustration of outgroup homogeneity bias is found in the book when Williams's Uncle Jim
"expressed his desire to be stationed in France, the captain became angry and said, "All you colored
boys want is white women I thought you were different." (Williams, 94). This form of stereotyping
may also be seen as subtyping. Subtyping is the ability of individuals to hold negative feelings
towards a particular social group even though they may like individual members in the group.
Another example of subtyping is revealed in the text when Williams begins to show interest in a
sister of a White teammate. Even though the boys get along on the court, the teammate tells
Williams not to mess with his sister and threatens violence if Williams continues to have any contact
with her. The teammate probably would not have had a problem with Williams forming a
relationship with his sister if Williams had been White.
<br>
<br>Ingroup favoritism is the tendency to discriminate in support of an ingroup over members of
the outgroup. The author experienced ingroup favoritism when the coach of his basketball team
decided to drop Williams from the varsity team in order to replace him with a white,

The Issues Which Preventing Communication Within On...
A CIVIL MEETING
PART A
Communication Problem: – The issues which prevent communication within on organisation are
called communication A. Problem: – Gender discrimination
Created by: – Doug and Jeremy
In this case study the firm is suffering from gender discrimination as when Richard introduce Lucy
name Doug and Jeremy felts lightly uncomfortable because he has chosen a woman. They both were
not happy with a young female working in their company.
B. Problem: – Lack of responsibility
Created by: – Doug
In this firm, many major subjects are neglected by Doug. Whenever Lucy demand more information
about the company Doug refused to help her. He starts making excuses to quit from work.
C. Problem: – Difference in perception and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
B. Group discussion: – When we are known to the problem we can have group discussion in a
formal way in which all the partners are informed to make their agendas and present in front of all.
C. Reconstruction of organisation structure and assign responsibilities: – In this firm responsibility
are not shared among partners so it is essential to provide each person a responsibility and to
reconstruct the organisation structure and assign appropriate responsibility to each member.
D. Define authority: – As we know that in any business decisions are very important part. This it is
important to build an authority system in this firm who can take responsibility and has ability to
articulate any decision.
E. Revise the profit share system: – Some partners in the firm demand to revise the profit share and
this is adequate to happen here. The firm is running on some old policies and systems and it is very
important to change it for the betterment of firm. The deserving employees must get appreciated for
their work in cash and kind.
Best strategy

A. Group discussion: – The most appropriate solution if their problem is group discussion because
instead of capital sharing issue partners have some other problems also like gender discrimination
misunderstandings about fraud, betrayal in adequate responsibility share and many more. These
problems cannot be resolve by

Evaluating the Strengths and Weaknesses of the Social...
This essay will be looking to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the social identity theory with
studies to support.
The Social Identity theory (SIT) was proposed by Henry Tajfel. It was then later developed by Tajfel
and Turner in 1971 to help them understand inter group relations. The Social Identity theory
assumes that individuals strive to improve their self–image by trying to enhance their self–esteem,
through social (in and out groups) and personal identities. There are 4 main concepts within the
social identity theory all of which will be discussed in the essay.
One of these is Social categorization. Based on the name it is very self explanatory, with the social
categorization there is the need to divide, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Method A: Fans from large U.S. prestigious football universities were participants in a field
experiment (in large lecture halls across 7 different schools) where they observed student
clothing/apparel on a Monday following a big football game.
Results A: Students tended to wear more apparel associating themselves with their own university
(e.g. jersey or sweatshirt) when the football team won compared to when they lost.
Method B: Based on these findings, researchers decided to call students and interview them about
the performance of their schools football team following a game.
Results B:
People tended to use the pronoun "we" more to describe their team when they won and "they" more
when the team had lost. The researchers were able to show that people tend to associate with
positive others most closely when their own public image is threatened.
Conclusion: The study Demonstrated that people seek a positive social identity and that their social
identity is affected by being a part of their group so that you are more positive towards anything that
your own group represents.
The self–image of individuals was affected by their in–group in that the victory gave a sense of
"positive– distinctiveness" for the group and therefore enhanced self–esteem. This supports the
Social learning theory.
Intergroup behaviors

The Social

Knowledge and Awareness of HIV/AIDS among Women in India
Knowledge and Awareness about HIV/AIDS among
Women of reproductive age in a district of Northern India
Introduction
This paper is a review of the article titled Knowledge and Awareness about HIV/AIDS among
Women of reproductive age in a district of Northern India. Article clearly identifies the low
HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge among women of reproductive age. Researcher is motivated
to reduce the number of cases and prevalence of infectious disease through awareness. While
introducing the article, researcher lacked in explaining how young women are more vulnerable to
HIV/AIDS infection than young men. This could create a false impression in readers mind that
without any evidence the researcher provided the conclusion that women are more Vulnerable to
HIV/AIDS. Researcher stated in the article that early marriage also poses special risks to young
people, particularly women (Singh, 2012) but did not elaborate or provided any evidence to support
this statement. Perhaps the lack of evidence and research could be considered the rationale, more
information would have been helpful to justifying these statements.
Purpose Statement The purpose discussed in the research study is clear and indicative of what the
research hopes to cover. The research study is about assessing HIV/AIDS awareness and knowledge
among women in reproductive age group between 15–45 years and its mode of transmission in
Bareilly district of Uttar Pradesh in northern India. The

Cultural Influences in the Absolutely True Diary of a...
Introduction The Absolutely True Diary of a Part–Time Indian by Sherman Alexie is a novel about
Arnold Spirit (Junior), a boy from the Spokane Indian Reservation who decides to attend high
school outside the reservation in order to have a better future. During that first year at Reardan High
School, Arnold has to find his place at his all–white school, cope with his best friend Rowdy and
most of his tribe disowning him, and endure the deaths of his grandmother, his father's best friend,
and his sister. Alexie touches upon issues of identity, otherness, alcoholism, death, and poverty in
order to stay true to his characters and the cultures within the story. Through the identification of the
role of the self, identity, and social behavior ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
16). Arnold perceives himself within his relations with his family and the reservation, thus his self–
esteem is directly tied to his place within the two groups. However near the end of the book, Arnold
cries for his "fellow tribal members" future in the reservation (Alexie, 2009, p. 216) and
acknowledges that he "was the only one who was brave and crazy enough to leave the rez.... The
only one with enough arrogance" (Alexie, 2009, p. 217). Although part of his self image is still tied
to his tribe, Arnold sees himself as independent from them. He has a sense of who he is from his
choice to leave the reservation and the qualities that allowed him to do so. The experiences Arnold
encountered along the way such as exclusion, individuals with highly independent self–construals,
and the deaths of his led to changes in his self–concept. Another topic of importance to the book is
collective identity. Matsumoto and Juang (2013) describe identity as "the way individuals
understand themselves and are recognized," while collective identity is more specifically about
people's association with "social categories" (p. 357). Identity is considered fluid as it can change
depending on the situation, its players, and each individual's point of view (Matsumoto & Juang,
2013, pp.357–358). This explains how Arnold's identity appears to morph throughout the book . For
instance, Arnold's early identification as a poor Indian kid juxtaposes Arnold's later feelings of

The Patterns Of Language
In Chapter Four of the text, the described process of recognizing any given object begins with the
cells in the visual system (previously discussed) which fire when coming across any input carrying
specific visual features or patterns: horizontal lines, curves, corners, etc. (Cognition, pg. 107). These
cells lend a hand to the broader idea that objects are processed in terms of their smaller parts.
Intuitively, it has been found that the more features one attempts to analyze, the less efficient he/she
is at doing so (Cognition, pg. 107). Additionally, context influences how one processes basic
combinations of visual features. This has been demonstrated in studies which have required a
subject to view stimuli, often words necessarily ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
114). Important to note is the third layer of processing, or bigram detectors which receive inputs in
the form of letter combinations, due to its role in explaining the data which shows that
pronounceable strings of letters are more easily recognized and reported through their use of easily–
activated detectors (Cognition, pgs. 114–115). This layer, due to the thresholds of such detectors, is
also helpful in reducing error where inputs are incomplete, confused or ambiguous but harmful
where it creates error in its processing inputs of low–frequency or unusual patterns (Cognition, pg.
116–120). The McClelland and Rumelhart Model is a version of the Feature Net Model which
focuses on inhibitory connections instead of bigram detectors while maintaining the ability to
accommodate the discussed data on words that are primed, of varying frequencies, random, etc.
(Cognition, pgs. 122–123). Additionally, this model allows for higher–layer detectors to both
activate the relevant letter detectors under them and inhibit other word detectors of the same layer,
much like the two–way communication that occurs within the

Examples Of Groupthink Essay
Introduction
For the purpose of this essay I will define what groupthink is. I will describe some important
symptoms of Groupthink with the aid of examples in business and will recommend some remedies
for of Group Think that a manager can decide to do in their organisation.
What is Groupthink?
Groupthink is a phenomenon that happens in an organisation because often required to work in
groups or teams. Almost all organisations work within groups on certain projects to reach a decision
on ideas and plans. Groupthink requires the group to conform to the same beliefs and requires
cohesiveness at all times. Groupthink occurs when a group makes faulty decisions because group
pressure lead to a deterioration of "mental efficiency, reality testing and moral judgement" (Irving
Janis).
Example: If the group was doing a project and they were finished and then a printer is broken and
must find an alternative to the situation in question.
There are 8 symptoms of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Illusion of unanimity
An example of this symptom would be Aras Attracta in Swinford where they thought they were
doing a good job when carrying out their duties on a daily basis however no one expressed an
opinion what was going on. They all did wrong and as a result Groupthink had horrendous
circumstances. Nobody questioned the carer as she victimised the patients. It is a good example in
my opinion of groupthink in recent times.
5. Direct pressure on dissenters
Members are under pressure not to express arguments against any of the group's views.
Example: When the company are deciding between two potential clients and the majority picks one
and the others need to bite their tongue. If they had said something they would say to them if you
are not with us you are against us.
b) What can a manager do about it?
There are a number of remedies I will list 5 of them and use examples of them.
1. Assign more than one person to attend a meeting in the organisation so they can test how they do
their work

Prosocial Behavior And Group Memberships
Prosocial behaviour is doing something intended to benefit others or society (Myers 2008) and the
relationship between prosocial behaviour and group memberships is significant and research had
been carried out to provide evidence relating to this. Social psychologists have shown that different
elements of group membership have important implications for our thoughts and behaviour. Levine
and Manning (2013) considered four key elements which are combined and overall contribute in
how social identity affects helping. The four elements are the salience of social identity, the
boundaries of social identity, the contents of social identity and strategic interest of social identity.
The salience of social identity suggests that strangers can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Hopkins, Pandey et al (2014), carried out a study about the Kumbe Mela, a mass Hindu pilgrimage.
In which the kalpwasi identity. are required to live on the banks of the Ganges for a month long
period and perform a number of religious rituals to develop their spiritual being. During this
pilgrimage, the individuals are required to bathe in the river Ganges twice a day, including at night
when temperatures drop close to freezing, in which they all support each other and follow the
rituals. By watching other performs religious rituals it encourages others to imitate their behaviour.
Those participating will generally be supportive of each other and will help each other achieve their
desired goals. When it comes to the reactive forms of helping we describe, we would expect that to
happen among in group members for any group (Levine, Prosser, Evans, & Reicher, 2005). This is
an excellent example of in group membership as they are belonging to same religion, beliefs and
gather at the same location for the same outcome. They may not know each other personally and are
strangers to on another, but they still come together to help each other to develop spiritually. They
see each other as group members because they are participating in the same religious practice and
belonging to the same God. A range of studies have shown that a person

Dual Process Notion Essay
Psychology 5002 Final Examination: Spring, 2017
Number1
Moskowitz, Skurnik & Galinsky (1999). The History of Dual–Process Notions, and the Future of
Preconscious Control – State that "in attempting to demonstrate that automaticity is indeed limited
when discussing social perception,..... researchers have attempted too zealously to assert the role of
free will (and to squash the image of humans as mindless automatons)"
A. Discuss this quote based on, at least, the above mentioned chapter.
Sensory experience comes before meaning. Some researchers like Devine will argue that stereotypes
are activated automatically and only through conscious examination are we able to overturn these
thoughts and become less prejudicial. Other researchers think ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This terror can be managed by investing in a cultural worldview. A cultural worldview provides an
explanation for existence, it has a set of values that prescribe good and bad behavior as well as
promising safety and death transcendence to those who follow those standards of that determined

What Were Your Results As A Leader And A Subordinate?
What were your results as a leader and as a subordinate?
I am currently the Head of School and would normally be the subordinate to the Board of Trustees.
There is currently a dispute about who the BOT are and the courts have nullified all groups claiming
to be our school board. It is a mess but we are dealing with it the best that we can. The point that I
am trying to make is that as of now I am not subordinate to anyone until the court sorts through the
conflict.
As a leader my score was the LMZ7 was a 30. This is a score which is considered very high.
According to Northouse (2013) the results show that I am a stronger leader and I have "higher–
quality member exchanges" (p.156). Survey questions 1–3 and 5–6 where all scored a 4. Questions
4 and 7 were scored a 5.
Tell of a work–related issue wherein you applied the Leader Mentor Theory (either as a leader or a
subordinate). If you have never applied this theory, tell of an incident in which you could have
applied Leader–Member Exchange, and describe what you think the results would have been, had
you applied this theory.
I have been a Head of School at three different independent schools and each has required that I
adapt my leadership style to ensure that the mission of the schools was successful. The first school
where I was the HOS was a new school in Hawaii and very grounded in the progressive educational
pedagogy. The second school was a traditional education school with an ageing faculty in South
Carolina. My

An Iep Meeting And Learn How The Meeting Is Conducted
I did not have a chance to sit in an IEP meeting and learn how the meeting is conducted. I am
curious to learn the counselor position in an IEP meeting. Due to the time period I started practicum,
I was not able to learn about the high school application process. When I started practicum in
February, the applications for high school were submitted. My site supervisor did not have a
classroom lesson to present while I was completing my hours. I want to learn how to conduct a
classroom lesson and connect that lesson to counseling. Finally, there were not any ACS cases
occurring with a student for me to learn about the ACS process. Because my counselor was busy
showing me other counseling duties, the topic of ACS was not mentioned. Hopefully in internship, I
will be able to learn the correct steps when calling an ACS case.
Extend To Which I Have Met My Learning Goals As stated in the section what I have learned, I
have met a couple of my learning goals. Some of the goals I met was, creating lesson plans for my
groups, demonstrating active listening, determine when to use open or close–ended questions,
provide useful information of my students and being mindful of my personal biases. The hardest
goal I met and continue to practice meeting this goal is being mindful of my personal biases. I
practice being mindful by being aware of my personal biases. Usually, when I do not agree with
different perspective from mine, I make facial expression showing my disapproval. Also, I would

Scapegoat Incident Analysis
The experience I had as a member of a group in which someone became a scapegoat involves a
situation in which I was a scapegoat. This situation occurred last year, September of 2015, not long
after starting to take classes at Teachers College. The class in which this incident occurred was
Fundamentals of Cooperation, Conflict Resolution, and Mediation in Different Institutional
Contexts. I was assigned to a group at the time by the professor of the class. I will speak in third
person regarding this incident. The scapegoat was created based on an incident that occurred during
one of the first team meetings. The group as a whole were discussing the homework assignment
from the previous week. The task was to give a personal definition of the word conflict. As different
members of the group mentioned their definitions, the soon to be scapegoat illustrated a difference
of opinion. While all the other members of the group discussed how conflict can be negative, the
scapegoat mentioned during his definition that conflict, while tough to address at times, had the
potential to be positive. Immediately, the individual who was seen as the group's leader disagreed
and so did the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scapegoat accepted being the target because this is a usual part of life that he expected. The
scapegoat acted with an acceptable mindset instead of an unacceptable one. A unacceptable sort of
mindset would have allowed the scapegoat to state that how they are treating him is not fair. He
could have mentioned that the group should not have treated him differently whether it be because
of stereotypes, difference of opinion, or for doing what they wish they would have done, which was
to study before class. It is possible that he may have gained an ally either in the professor (the
professor disagreed with the group's opinion in a class discussion and acknowledged the
scapegoat's) or other students outside the

The Biases Of The Unconscious Mind
In this philosophical study, an analysis of the biases of the unconscious mind in relation to the mind
of "others" will be analyzed in the context of a peer–reviewed article on the misuse of anti–
depression drugs. The analogical argument of Bertrand Russell defines the example of unconscious
associations part of the reason why individuals have a biased view of others, which reflects the
problematic ways in which scientists are limited in their understanding of different behaviors. One
problem is the inability of scientists to understand multiple unconscious motivations of drug use,
which are examined in Weyandt et al's (2016) in the misuse of anti–depressant medications in
college students. In this manner, the a clinical study was done on college students, which sought to
examine the motivations for the misuse of anti–depressants, which they found to have a negative
impact on enhanced learning processes. Commonly, these drugs were thought to help stabilize the
mind of the individual in the hope that it would help students improve academic performance,.,
however, they found many biases in their studies on the motivational use of these drugs:
According to Weyandt et al. (2013) and Benson et al. (2015), other less commonly endorsed motives
include recreational reasons (e.g., getting "high"), weight loss, and curiosity, and as many as 40% of
students may engage in misuse for more than one reason (Benson et al., 2015) (Weyandt et al. 402).
In this manner, the difficulty of

My Experience At The Mall As A Cosmetics Sales Person
As I walked back to my car, I reflected on my experience working at the mall as a cosmetics sales
person. I had more intimacy with shoppers than other sales positions because I was selling them
something personal. I think about the smells of the lotions, perfumes and the colorful palette of
lipsticks. I remember standing behind the counter with my shoes off or sneaking into facial room to
take a quick nap. I hated wearing makeup to promote the products to look pretty but you get into
trouble if you didn't promote the cosmetic line. What does the cosmetic counter represent? British
journalist Deborah Ross (2011), did a story working behind the counter calls it the "hostile make–
over bid" surrounded by girls putting cakey crap on your face ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This made me comfortable and made the interviewees open up. My brief encounter with fieldwork
has always been about art education where I didn't worry about my personal biases. I have always
had my opinion working in the cosmetic department, but to hear another person speak on how they
see the job is worth investigating. People look at mall culture as the shoppers and not the employees.
I wish I had more time to really talk to the women in–depth. In the beginning of my project, I
worried about how I was going to enter the mall as an outsider with an unbiased lens. I picked an
area that I was too comfortable to really understand how it would feel to the other side. For example,
when I went to the nail salon to have my nail fix to and to observe another form of beauty, my
antennas were already up. ME: How much to fix my nail? Nail tech: $4 Then she looked again and
changed it to $5 and said I had long nails. ME: You just said $4, which is it $4 or $5. Nail tech:
depends on the size. ME: what is the size difference for the prices. I told her I didn't want a long
nail. I sat down and she put on a tip on my thumbnail and showed me the differences in the cuts. I
told her the $4 cut was fine. I asked her did she use a particular method called the dip method for
nails. She said no, just acrylic, I asked her again to make sure she understood what I was talking
about. Surprisingly, she didn't know it

Ingroup Bias Essay
The effect of status on ingroup bias of university students
Abstract
Prior studies report that the status of individuals significantly effects the degree of ingroup bias and
outgroup derogation expressed within social groups. In the current study, 360 university students
(70% female; Mage = 19.2; SD = 4.2) were randomly assigned to a high–status or low–status group
and asked to allocate points to the respective groups. In a secondary round, half the individuals
underwent an identity shift to determine the effect of status manipulation on ingroup favouritism.
The results showed that high–status groups displayed a greater mean ingroup bias than low–status
groups and that identity shifts from high–status to low–status resulted in greater ingroup bias than
all other treatments. This suggests the possible influence of illegitimacy and instability on intergroup
favouritism and mechanisms of self–advancement. Further research is required to better understand
the effect of status manipulation on intergroup bias in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The present study suggests that status significantly effects the nature of ingroup bias, especially
when sociostructural factors including stability and legitmacy of status are considered, as this
contributed to the unexpected enhacement of ingroup favouritism in inferior and unfavourable
circumstances. However, these results are limited to the effect of minimal group paradigms and have
been collected in an articial environment, which have the potential to yield inaccurate results that do
not properly reflect real–world social issues (Bettencourt et al., 2001). Hence, further reasearch into
the effect of status manipulation should include field studies, to determine if the results obtained
from the current study are reliable and can be applied to real–world

Ingroups, Outgroups, and Their Affects on Behaviors
Ingroups, Outgroups, and Their
Affect on Behaviors
We as humans tend to relate to those that are similar to us, and tend to alienate those that we deem
as different than us. Whether it is by race, gender, culture, or religion, it is something that is almost
always present in human interactions, and often times can be completely subconscious. In our
textbook Interpersonal Communication by Kory Floyd, an ingroup is defined as "A group of people
with whom one identifies." An outgroup is conversely defined as "A group of people whom one
does not identify." Henri Tajfel first coined this terminology while he was working to devise his
social identity theory. These ideas of classifying people into ingroups and outgroups can lead to
many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"In matches between the two groups of football teams, the teams from the same state as the umpires
received more favorable decisions than the other teams did by a margin of 11% for the 171 games
studied." In situations where the umpires had to allocate rewards to members of a group they
identified with competing against a group they did not identify with they clearly favored their
ingroup. This study helped proved the theory that intergroup competition is a prevalent reason why
ingroup favoritism is often exhibited in society. This idea is completely embedded into the entire
sporting culture of our society today. We group ourselves together with the "home team" or the
ingroup. We prefer for that group, as well as ourselves by association, to be successful. The second
explanation that is usually offered is the idea that people will have a better opinion of people in their
ingroup in order to boost their own self–esteem by association. Robert Cialdini conducted a very
interesting study on a concept called Basking in Reflected Glory (BIRG) at several different
universities. In order to study how self–esteem was a determinant of ingroup bias, Cialdini and his
team researched the behavior of students after victories and losses of the school's football teams.
Their results "Demonstrated the BIRG phenomenon by showing a greater tendency for university
students to wear

Business Communication : Developing Leaders For A...
In a society where technology grows exponentially, the amount of information available is
practically endless. Whether one needs to know ingredients to a recipe, or cures to an illness, the
Internet has an answer. The simplicity of the Internet, however comes with a major drawback: the
quality of the data. In Peter Cardon's book Business Communication: Developing Leaders for a
Networked World, he explains that there are five main components that one should consider in
evaluating quality data: reliability, relevance, adaptability, expertise, and biases. The five data
sources I chose were the Wall Street Journal, CNN, Fox News, JSTOR, and Seth's blog. The primary
reason these sources attract me are for their political and economic information. My primary source
would be the Wall Street Journal. I read it for its economic and political issues. This source has been
proven to be reliable. The newspaper is the most circulated in the United States, and the twelfth
most popular globally. For the most part, any source that is recognized on a national and global level
is thought as being reliable. The newspaper is published six days a week, and therefore "current."
I would also consider Fox News and CNN reliable sources. This again can be accredited to their
popularity. That does not mean that popularity equals reliability, but can often times be the case. The
reason that popularity and high ranking have a purpose here is due to the seriousness of the subject
matter. These news

Critical Appraisal Of A Qualitative Research Article
Critical appraisal of a qualitative research article.
The qualitative article being appraised is by Martin and Woods (2012) using the CASP tool
qualitative framework (CASP 2013). These tools have been validated to ensure that studies can be
assessed in a consistent way assessing the trustworthiness of the research article (Aveyard, 2014)
Qualitative research can often be labelled as biased and anecdotal however Anderson (2010) argues
that when carried out rigorously it can be unbiased, in–depth and creditable, in fact becoming a
leading research method for evidence based nursing. White (2006) explains that when the research is
based on people's perceptions then qualitative research is appropriate, it aids in developing an
understanding for peoples understanding, feelings values and opinions. Qualitative research seeks to
develop explanations for social trends/events, thus encouraging detail and depth whilst creating
openness (Bamberger, 2000). In addition IVONNE (2004) reasons that qualitative research gives
brand new insights by providing differing ideas on current practices. On the other hand, Abawl
(2008) highlights that data collection can be very time consuming, open to interpretation and
consequently influenced by researcher bias.
CASP sets out a series of questions that can be used to critically appraise qualitative research, and
help to identify if the article contains bias, is relevant and creditable.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the motivation of

Implicit Gender Bias Essay
Implicit Gender Bias and Women in STEM Fields
Most people consider themselves as rational, reasoning individuals who make decisions after
considering the facts at hand. Research suggests that this is often not the case, with implicit bias at
work shaping one's responses. Researchers at Cornell University have defined implicit bias as
"unconscious, unintentional bias" (Royer, Hido & Slotnick, 2017). Predictors of implicit bias
include socio–economic status, gender, ethnicity, childhood experience, and cultural experience
(Cooley, Payne & Phillips, 2013). Unlike explicit bias which reflects attitudes or beliefs that one
endorses on a conscious level, implicit bias refers to attitudes or stereotypes that affect our
understanding, actions and decisions in an unconscious manner resulting from subtle cognitive
processes that often operate at a level below conscious awareness and without intentional control
(Gyan, n.d.). Of these, implicit gender bias affects the health and social wellbeing of women, as well
as disadvantages women economically and in the workplace. As such implicit gender bias is
endemic within the scientific, technological, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, and this
bias can disadvantage women pursing these careers (Moss–Racusin, Dovidio, Brescoll, Graham &
Handelsman, 2012). The importance of further study of mitigating interventions of this implicit
gender bias is clear. Our hypothesis is that implicit gender bias related to women in STEM fields
will

Examples Of Social Identity In 12 Angry Men
3. Social identity (10 points): What role(s) does social identity play in the movie? Discuss SID in
relationship of the jury to the accused. (Define your terms and give two examples of how they
apply).
Social identity is a theory which explains how people develop a sense of belong and membership to
a group. Individual's social identity is part of their self–concept which derives from their knowledge
of their membership of a social group together with the emotional significance attached to that
membership (Forsyth, 13). People are influenced on the group they belong to. Belonging to the in–
group makes a person feel good because they belong somewhere in this group and allows them to
feel important. The out–group is where people feel to be, they do not belong to a group and have
feeling of exclusion and are often times treated more harshly than someone who belongs to the
ingroup. This bias of favoring the ingroup relative to the outgroup leads to false impressions being
made and stereotypes forming. Stereotypes help us navigate the world around us by providing a
quick representation of what we think a person is like. This does not mean our perceptions are
always correct and occasionally, this quick mental shortcut can get us into trouble. For example, the
film 12 Angry Men stereotyping was rampant among the jury. When a stereotype is used it can
cause a disruption of procedures. Instead, of inspecting all the evidence with an objective eye a bias
can allow for systematic

The Theory Of Theory And Theory
This paper will look into the VDL theory otherwise known as LMX theory, apply relevant situations
to the leadership theory, and formulate a plan of implementation to exercise future understanding
and the concepts to practice ongoing enhanced personal management style. This will be
accomplished by exposing key questions and problems and make an analysis of the information
from the brief history of LMX theory. Leading into the concept of vertical dyads, in and out–group
understandings, initiatives that can be predictors of team or group status, applying reason to
management trait with the conclusions that can be compared to other relevant tested results.
Leader–Member Exchange or LMX theory is unlike other forms of management theories like skills
approach and situational approach as an example of two, which are emphasized, is based on the
leader point of perception (Northouse, 2016). LMX theory is focused on interactions between leader
and follower, this dyadic or sociologically significant relationship between two individuals exists in
a dynamic exchange based on communication. This communication is exchanged in many forms
and is not limited to verbal, written, and body language. Communication exchange between a leader
and subordinate resulting in a flow of information, performance, job climate, innovation,
organizational citizenship behavior, empowerment and so on, forming many aspects of an
organization (Northhouse, 2016). LMX theory is a contemporary make–up of earlier

Prejudice And Discrimination Dbq
1. Answer: In my own word I would defined superordinate goal as goals that require two or more
than two people to complete. It is also a group task that will basically provide a good reward to the
whole group or team.
2. Answer: To check if the prejudice is caused by competition between the in–group and out–group,
Sherif has proposed a test. This same test also demonstrated that inter–group conflict could be
reduce by the introduction of superordinate goals. An example of the superordinate group is given
by Sherif. He has made two groups "then" he called them for competition. It, turns out that the super
ordinate goals that he introduced were common goals that require all group members to work
together to resolve the conflict like for instance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They, are emotions as dislike, anxiety, or resentment. They, are also known as Symbolic prejudices
because overt expression of prejudices is considered as bad and it reflects a character flaw. Many
people pretend to act as unprejudiced.
Examples list below:
Because Black people are unwilling to work they are economically backward.
Black people look for special treatment, are lazy, don't want to work hard.
4. Answer: The forms of prejudice and discrimination has changed, since the civil rights movement
in the 1960s. I believe for the better interest of the society, American society adheres to social norms
that intergroup equality is best and serves. Sometimes some of us want to be seen as good person to
the world, so people can see them as unprejudiced. Rather than equality of outcomes they endorse
inter–group equality but focus on equality of opportunity.
5. Answer: "Microaggression" is a term defined as a statement that put into action, as regarded as an
instance of a direct incident, it is also can be unintentional discrimination that is use as a racial or
ethnic against members of a marginal group. I think that these dynamics are real expressions of
prejudice and discrimination of people. When I analyze the whole situation in today world, people
are becoming overly sensitive and making a "big deal" out of nothing! So, in my point of view, both
view–points are

Observation Of The Bystander Effect Essay
The purpose of this research paper is to help precisely identify the "bystander effect" as defined by
noted social psychologists. It will also explain why the bystander effect occurs and with whom it
occurs more often. Using multiple examples of psychological studies on this concept, this paper will
give reasons the bystander effect is an important and yet controversial thing to study. Additionally, it
will outline how these studies are conducted and the setbacks of those methods. Lastly, this paper
will come to a conclusion based on the results of the studies cited.
The Importance of Studying the Bystander Effect It is critical to understand the bystander effect in
order to predict how individuals will react to certain emotionally arousing situations. Will they risk
themselves and help the victim? Or will they stick to self–preservation and avoid the potentially
dangerous situation altogether? Also, are people more likely to help someone who is a member of
their in–group? Are they less likely to assist a member of their outgroup? Abbott and Cameron
found that people have a greater ingroup bias when they have less intergroup interaction. Meaning,
those who are more isolated in their own group with little socialization with others, will be less
likely to stand up and assist someone in an out–group. These findings are very important to help us
understand why some people ignore emergency situations when someone clearly needs assistance,
and better predict who they will

What Is The Danger Of The Single Story By Adichie
Since the dawn of time, man has set out on the pursuit of knowledge required to understand the
complex world. Literature taps into such primal instincts of curiosity – our desire to grasp
knowledge about others, our surroundings, and perhaps, most eminently, ourselves. Yet, to what
extent, does literature suppress this innate hunger for more knowledge? Readers are fed bits and
pieces of information to which we react with a smile or frown; thereafter, we proceed with the belief
we are knowledgeable. But true knowledge, a deep understanding of a topic, requires literature to
challenge the reader and uncover hidden truths bye being more proactive and insightful, which
literature appears to have failed to accomplish. However, this conjecture seems ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Orientalism historically arose from an attempt to honour and understand Eastern cultures by
reconstructing them for the West. The reinvention has reduced such diverse cultures to be merely
"strange religions and martial arts, bright colours and barbaric practices, unusual foods and
incomprehensible languages, mysticism and magic, ninjas and kung fu" (CITATION). Nevertheless,
Orientalism claims to be an honest recreation of Eastern traditions and people, yet, in reality, it is a
product of the reductive fallacy – a fragmented image of Eastern cultures formed by exaggerating
and distorting real practices and traditions. In doing so, Orientalism has fostered the presupposition
that cultural appropriation actuated by fascination renders it innocent. Consequently, it further
removes the agency of the East to represent itself and allows incorrect information to propagate.
Likewise, in literature, misrepresentation, camouflaged as a celebration awareness, ultimately
hinders readers from seeking more knowledge to understand the depths of a

The Theory Of Theory And Personal Theory
LMX Theory and Personal Gain This paper will look into the VDL theory otherwise known as LMX
theory, apply relevant situations to the leadership theory, and formulate a plan of implementation to
exercise future understanding and concepts to practice ongoing enhanced personal management
style. This will be accomplished by exposing key questions and problems and make an analysis of
the information from brief history of LMX theory leading into concept of vertical dyads, in and out–
group understandings, initiatives that can be predictors of team or group status, applying reason to
management trait with conclusions that can be compared to other relevant tested results.
Leader–Member Exchange or LMX theory is unlike other forms of management theory's like skills
approach and situational approach as example of two which are emphasis is based on the leader
point of perception (Northouse, 2016). LMX theory is focused on interactions between leader and
follower, this dyadic or sociologically significant relationship between two individuals exists in a
dynamic exchange based on communication. This communication is exchanged in many forms and
is not limited to verbal, written, and body language. Communication exchange between a leader and
subordinate resulting in a flow of information, performance, job climate, innovation, organizational
citizenship behavior, empowerment and so on, forming many aspects of an organization
(Northhouse, 2016). LMX theory is a contemporary make–up of

The Chameleon Effect: The Perception-Behavior Link And...
It was a brutally cold November morning, and my roommate and I talked in hushed voices as we hid
under our covers in dread. Her voice was warm and robust, tinged with a slight Nigerian influence.
Our tones were calm and slow, still waking from our short sleep. Not five minutes in, however, this
rare moment of peace was sharply shattered by a banging at the door. As the stomps of a cranky
Tyler entered the room, we knew our avoidance was over. Immediately, Tyler began to yell at my
roommate, Oluwafolabomi, in a deep, loud voice, thick in its Liberian influence. The ensuing debate
between the girls, over topics I could barely discern, bore no resemblance to the previous
conversation. Oluwafolabomi's voice was now deep, vivid, and utterly ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Questioning the fundaments of community building is the start of the solution. Of these building
blocks, perhaps the most significant and unrecognized is the chameleon effect. The chameleon effect
subconsciously communicates community, and subconsciously marks its outsiders. It is therefore
imperative that people begin to become aware of their use of this effect. Admittedly, it is more than
mildly ironic that to urge awareness of a subconscious action. But implicit biases, or attitudes or
stereotypes that affect the way we perceive and interact with others, are created in the subconscious
("Understanding implicit bias"). Likewise, implicit biases must be combatted by thorough
examination of the subconscious. The chameleon effect and the implicit biases that may guide it
must be thoroughly examined in order to gain an awareness of our actions. It is recognition of why
such actions occur that we can begin to truly control them. Communities are important. They foster
feelings of support, preserve culture, and validate the worth of the shared characteristic. In critical
times, we must examine our subconscious actions to promote these benefits of communities, as well
as overcome their inheent

Democracy, Demagoguery, And Critical Rhetoric
Julia Vu
Professor Parker
RWS 200
21 March 2015
Demagoguery
Throughout history, when it comes to a national crisis, many leaders and politicians tend to advance
towards what the people want to hear. In order to gain their audience's support, most political
leaders and public speakers use the practice of demagoguery to have useful influence held towards
their argument. In Patricia Roberts–Miller's article "Democracy, Demagoguery, and Critical
Rhetoric," analyzes what demagoguery is and how it affects the audience. Speakers or authoritative
figures that engage with demagoguery use strategies such as scapegoating and polarization in order
to establish a separation between in–groups and out–groups; in–groups tend to form hateful
discrimination on out–groups and define them with negative features. An example of demagoguery
that Roberts–Miller uses is in Adolf Hitler's speech about how he wanted German people to change
their views and beliefs on the Jewish. Her article however, also consists of several fallacies and may
seem somewhat unethical. Throughout Wayne LaPierre's speech on the Newtown Tragedy in 2012,
there is usage of what Roberts–Miller claims to be demagoguery. Wayne LaPierre is the Vice
President of the National Rifle Association (NRA). After the shooting that occurred at Sandy Hook
elementary, LaPierre expresses his sympathy for the families of the loss and he then gathers the
attention of parents who may be uneasy about their children's safety at school. Throughout

Point of View Essay
In the short story "Through the tunnel", Doris Lessing describes the adventure of Jerry, a young
English boy trying to swim through an underwater tunnel. Throughout the story, the author uses the
third person omniscient point of view to describe the boy 's surroundings and to show us both what
he and the other characters are thinking and what is happening around them. By using this point of
view, the author is able to describe the setting of the story, give a detailed description of the
characters, and make the theme visible. By using the third person omniscient point of view, the
narrator can give us a detailed and unbiased description of his/her surroundings while still retaining
part of the character 's view of reality. When the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This also explains why the mother let him go without questions, even if she was very worried about
him. Also, when the narrator describes the native boys as "big boys – men to Jerry", we realize that
although the boys might be only a little older than Jerry, he considers them as men and he tries
everything to become like one of them, even going through the long, dark and dangerous underwater
tunnel. I believe that if the writer would have used first person point of view, we would only
perceive what that single character is experiencing, thus giving us a limited and one–sided view of
the world. In this story, the narrator gives us the important clues that lead us to the theme by letting
us know what the characters think. For example, when the Jerry 's mother says "Of course he 's old
enough to be safe without me", we realize that the boy is at a point in his life when he is ready to
discover the world by himself. In addition, when his mother thinks "Have I been keeping him too
close? He mustn 't feel he ought to be with me. I must be careful.", we realize that the author implies
that it is wrong to keep him close to her for too long, and both these examples add to the notion that
the rite of passage must be undergone without the interference of others. Obviously, this concept
wouldn 't have been clear without the view of the mother. In

Prejudice And Discrimination Essay
A lot of people understand and have gone through stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination.
Social Psychologists make a distinction between these by concentrating on either they include
emotions, understanding, or attitudes. Racism is the influence, or reaction, visible feature of this
triad. Racism includes a contradicting approach into individuals situated on their association in a
specific organization. The psychological visible feature is stereotyping. Stereotypes are feelings
concerning the characteristics of specific crowds or associates of those organizations. Prejudice
includes attitudes. Discrimination is bad attitude toward people or organizations established on
assumptions and feelings towards those organizations. An ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Societal beginnings of racism associate the averages in our surroundings, the rivalry that lives
amongst organizations, and the societal unevenness that survive in our planet. For the reason that
classifying occurs commonly and is a beneficial utensil in a lot of forms, every person's civilization
is expected to acquire stereotypes. Ingroup partiality directs to mismatched treatment of the ones
that we have classified just as the outgroup. As well as outgroup uniformity partiality blocks our
view on the dissimilarities inside the outgroup.
Yet our understanding about the traits of these outgroups and how solid our racism is counts on the
specific civilization in which we live in. Racism and stereotypes bear beginnings in the pattern of
our societal organizations. Humans are taught bad behaviors against organizations by acquiring the
standards of their societal background. We are taught from our associates on which stereotypes are
suitable. When participants in one study were led to believe that their stereotypes were different
from those of their peers, those stereotypes were transformed to be more in connection with
associate stereotypes.
Assuming that our societal standards inform us that something on how racist we have to be against
specific organizations. "Social norms dictate that we dislike child abusers, terrorists, and members
of the Ku Klux Klan. And these groups are groups we have strong prejudices toward. On

My First Impression Of Bafa Bafa After Hearing The Rules
Bafa Bafa Reflection My first impression of Bafa Bafa after hearing the rules was that it would be
an enjoyable class activity. Little did I know, that the activity would go much deeper than just being
a class activity. Bafa Bafa simulates the human interactions in the world as we know it. It teaches a
lesson of diversities and miscommunications between them. It permits everyone and anyone to
experience the notion of being "foreign" or an "outcast". In Bafa Bafa, I was a part of the Alpha
culture. In order to collaborate with my classmates, I had to dim my strong feminist attitude in order
to play along in the patriarch culture. I wasn 't particularly phased by the close proximity and close
contact interactions as these were already engrained in me. I quickly realized that a connection was
forming between the students that were forming the Alpha culture. Whether this was due to close
interactions or passion of playing an act, I do not know, but the feeling of membership was strong
and present. The rules were even well tolerated and respected, as no deviants were actually really
present in the group. I was observing and becoming part of an "in–group" mentality as referred to in
Psychology. I was an Alpha and by God, I will play this game well and right to be a really good
Alpha. My mentality went from being a class member of EDU 150 to being a member of culture
Alpha. I also noticed a change in regards to culture Beta, my other classmates from EDU 150. When
presented at

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