Can Long Haul Low Cost Airlines Be Successful

can long haul low cost airlines be successful
Research in Transportation Economics, Volume 24, Issue 1, The Economics of Low Cost Airlines,
2008, Pages 61–67 Can long–haul low–cost airlines be successful? Dr Peter Morrell Cranfield
University, Beds MK43 0AL, UK Phone: +44 1234 754242; Fax: +44 1234 752207
p.s.morrell@cranfield.ac.uk Abstract A key question is whether the very successful, largely short–
haul LCC business model can work over long–haul sectors? This paper compares the cost and other
advantages of LCCs and evaluates how far they might be applied to long–haul sectors. It is
estimated that cost advantages might be much lower than the 50–60% on shorthauls. Other factors
such as the adoption by network airlines of some LCC features and their likely ... Show more
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Ryanair's and AirAsia's announcement of their intentions to move into long–haul markets has added
to interest in the potential for such services. A previous paper addressed the degree to which the
low–cost model could be applied to long–haul operations (Francis et al, 2007). That study (based on
2003 data) concluded that a low–cost long–haul operation could only achieve a 20% cost advantage
over network carriers compared to 50% on short/medium haul flights. Their definition of long–haul
flights will also be adopted here: any sector that cannot be operated by an 3 unconverted A320 or
B737, the workhorses of the low–cost business model to date. This effectively means flights of six
hours or more.1 The head of Boeing's commercial aircraft division thought that 'there might be a
market for low–cost transatlantic flights; any further and creature comforts will be required'
(Morgan, 2007). However, existing long–haul Y–class cabins offer seat comfort that is scarcely
better than many short–haul LCCs. Furthermore other in–flight amenities would certainly be
available for purchase on a long–haul LCC. This paper examines the potential for long–haul LCCs,
first by reviewing previous proposals, looking at costs and competitive reactions before assessing
market stimulation and the need for feed. Regulatory
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London Heathf Level 5 Unit 5 P1
The award–winning five–star Sofitel at London Heathrow terminal 5 is more than just a place for
the men in suits; it is an oasis in the desert providing a respite for the long–haul weary traveller.
Comprising 605 non–smoking room's guests are immediately wowed by the hotels light filled
atrium complete with water features and enough plants to start a rainforest. All rooms have luxury
bed linen, plasma TV's and complimentary Wi–Fi.
Despite being located in one of the world's busiest airports you will not be disturbed by jet engine
noise thanks to the hotels impeccable sound proofing.
Add to this an award winning restaurant, the French, inspired with an Asian twist, La Belle Époque
and the opened kitchen, themed Vivre and you have a varied ... Show more content on
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The Sofitel London Heathrow is the only hotel connected to Heathrow Airport, with a short 100–
yard bridge crossing taking you directly into Heathrow's new terminal 5 British Airways hub, from
where you can take walkways directly to the other four terminals.
The Sofitel London Heathrow can also be your gateway to London, with the Heathrow express train
whisking you to Paddington Station in just 21 minutes.
Also thanks to a superb motorway network you are only 20 minutes from Wentworth Golf Club and
the horse races at Royal Ascot.
Heathrow does, of course, have other hotels around the airport, but they all require either a taxi or a
£4.00 ride on the Hoppa Bus to get to the terminals, which makes the Sofitel the right choice for
your London break.
Sofitel London Heathrow was voted best UK airport hotel by the readers of Business Traveller
Magazine, while other Sofitel Hotels were voted best in their class by Condé Nast Traveller.
Sofitel is owned and operated by French hotel group Accor Hotels, but remains its own unit within
the hotel group with 120 properties

The Complex Nature Of Major Infrastructure Projects
ROBERT GORDON UNIVERSITY
THE PLANNING FALLACY
STEINBACH, KEVIN (1512052)
MSC PROJECT MANAGEMENT
SUM104 – PROJECT PLANNING AND CONTROL
DOMINIC AHIAGA–DAGBUI
2ND NOVEMBER 2015
424 WORDS
1. Introduction
The complex nature of major infrastructure projects means they are heavily dependent on effective
teamwork and integration between parties for their success. Gajendran and Brewer (2012) state that
these aspects of project management are critical to the success of any project, however it is clear that
implementing these effectively in a real life context remains a significant hurdle. Numerous projects
in the UK continue to experience significant problems and face challenges as a result.
Background
This part of the introduction is simply a summary of your interpretation of the assignment brief and
is commonly referred to as 'explaining the terms of reference'. Also define any terms that may be
new to the reader.
Aims and objectives
This section provides information on the overall purpose (aim) of your work and the areas to be
covered (objectives) within it. For the latter you could use the following: "This report comprises five
main parts. It will begin with.... and then......... Next it will.......Conclusions will then be drawn and
six recommendations offered" (Robb 1997 p. 15).
Essay Question: Italy on the eve of 1860 has often been described as an unlikely nation. Why?
On the eve of 1860 the word Italy described not a nation, but a

Terminal 5 ( Ht5 ) Child Care
Heathrow Terminal 5 (HT5) Child Care
The HT5 CC provides a 24–hour childcare and learning development service for toddlers from age 6
months to 5 years old. The service is based in HT5 and is designed to cater to the needs of higher
income staff and travellers at HT5. The basic idea behind the service is that, for a nominal fixed fee
added to their ticket price, travellers could utilise the service for a maximum of 3 hours whilst
relaxing and enjoying duty free shopping or whatever pleasures they desire from HT5. For the staff
at HT5, they pay a fixed monthly fee and utilise the service from the start of their working day till
the end. The higher income ambitious staffers at HT5 have very demanding jobs, which require
working ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
HT5 CC offers a full–service child care facility for toddlers. This service will markedly different
from the competition via advanced learning tools and training.
Market Summary
Via research, HT5 CC has garnered relevant information concerning the market and generated
commonalities amongst key customersHT5 CC will leverage this information to continually study
who is served, their needs, and how HT5 CC can best communicate with them.
Market Needs
HT5 CC will provide staff and travellers of Heathrow Terminal 5 with a 24–hour childcare service
that employs an advanced learning &development system. HT5 CC will provide the below listed
benefits, crucial to their customers.
. Selection: A comprehensive service offering childcare and learning development for toddlers.
. Accessibility: The service is conveniently located within the terminal and is open 24 hours
Customer service: Treating the customer respectfully whilst respecting the dynamic they have with
their toddlers would be emphasized in all training programme's for employees
Competitive pricing: HT5 CC would offer reasonable pricing consistent with the services offered.
Market Trends
There is a growing trend of upwardly mobile/ highly educated parents needing and utilizing
childcare obviously influenced by their desire to get back into the work force and generate
additional income for their family in an increasingly expensive city

Engineering Meteorological Observation Stations At Aerodromes
Abstract
Europe, the world's third continent in population is the second smallest continent by area and
encompasses more than 50 sovereign countries. Parts of Europe are also some of the busiest
airspaces in the world. It is inevitable that these countries have to work closely together to optimize
the use of airspace as well as the collection and dissemination of weather information for civil
aviation. The twenty–seven countries of the European Union (EU), Iceland, Norway, Switzerland,
and Liechtenstein but also other countries in the region cooperate in various multinational
organizations with different formations.
This paper briefly outlines the complex regulatory and organizational landscape in Europe,
including the global, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Europe's regulatory and organizational framework
Meteorological Services to International Air Navigation is on a global scale regulated by two
specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN): the World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). The WMO "is the UN system 's
authoritative voice on the state and behavior of the Earth 's atmosphere, its interaction with the
oceans, the climate it produces and the resulting distribution of water resources"(VWO, n.d) and
(Yan, 2010). Via the Aeronautical Meteorology Program (AeMP) the WMOs objective is to warrant
a global reliable availability of timely, cost effective and high quality meteorological services to
aviation (VWO, n.d). The WMO provides relevant regulations in the Technical Regulations (WMO–
No.49) Volume II for Meteorological Service to International Air Navigation. This publication is
nearly identical to ICAOs Annex 3 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (WMO 2015).
In addition to the Technical Regulations the WMO creates and provides documentation on how to
implement the standard and recommended practices to its members on how to use meteorological
instruments at aeronautical meteorological

British Airways : International Airline
British Airways ('BA' or ' the Company') is the largest international airline in the UK, and it also
leads the global premium airlines in the world (British Airways, 2014; MarketLine, 2015). BA's
principal company has been located in London and uses Heathrow Airport as its 'super hub'. BA
owns Heathrow Airport Terminal 5, which has been evaluated as the best terminal in the world, to
provide high quality services for passengers (NDC Case Study, 2015).
British Airways also try to balance between short–term benefits and long–term opportunities. In the
short term, British Airways plan to cooperate with reliable travel agents to offer special services to
meet customer and agents' needs and wants to achieve to win–win–win situation. In the Long term,
British Airways try to establish a flexible and innovative platform, and to create a cooperative
environment in the airline industry.
This report is a strategic review of British Airways. It has used various tools to analyze internal and
external environment of the British Airways, and provide valuable recommendations. In generally,
today's airline market becomes more and more competitive. BA also getting chances to increase the
number of passengers and expand market size mainly due to British Airways has good brand image
and reputation. The Company devotes to provide high quality service for passengers, and also
undertake relevant responsibilities, especially on its social and environmental responsibilities, such
as setting up aim

Essay on British Airways Labor Dispute
1. Introduction
Since the 1980s the situation in the civil aviation industry has changed dramatically, and although
the government still retains some form of in–direct control over the aviation sector and the 'former'
national airlines in specific, issues related to economization and efficiency of the business enterprise
take primacy in dictating strategic and operational decisions of the airline operators. This shift in the
approach to the regulation of the aviation sector around the globe has also greatly influenced issues
related to workforce organization in this industry, especially in the Western world.
In this report, the shift in the approach to employee relations will be discussed based on the case of
one of world's biggest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The opening of new markets within the EU exposed many national carriers to strong competition.
This trend has been furthered by the continuous liberalization of the global aviation industry and
specifically the recent OpenSkies agreement between EU and the US which allows the national
carriers to arrange the Atlantic flights from the airports that are not airlines' ports of origin. (BATA,
2010).
Latest developments on the British political scene create strong pressure on the costs of operations
for all the British carriers. The recently proposed raised taxation will put a huge disadvantage on the
British civil aviation industry. The new Government (2010) also introduced policy of blocking
airport expansion in the South East of England (McGhie, 2010).
2.2 Economic factors
From the economic perspective there have been few main points of pressure on the strategy of
British Airways. The 2008 global recession, the worst economic downturn since 1930s, continuous
high unemployment rates, along with the fluctuation of the British Pound continue to negatively
influence all businesses. Amidst the crisis, trade unions demanded greater government intervention
to support employment levels. Yet, in order to preserve employment levels, collective agreements
between UK social partners at organizational level set new standards of reduced working time
(Eiroonline, 2010).
From the micro perspective

North American and European Airline Industry Essay
North American and European Airline Industry
INTRODUCTION
The Airline industry is one of the world's largest industries generating over $300 billion in revenues
in 2001 alone and additionally has the second highest industrial growth rate, after the computer
industry, with typical growth rates of 3–5% per annum over the last 20 years (Humphreys, 2003; BA
Fact book, 2002).
For the purpose of this assignment, freight/cargo airline activities will not be considered as freight
travel consists of only 2 % of total airline activity (see figure 3.1 and appendix 1) (BA Fact book,
2002,
ICAO, 2003). Furthermore, due to the nature of the airline industry and the Asian market being a lot
smaller and internally focused, we
will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This has had significant implications for an industry which relies on these passengers for
approximately two thirds of its revenue (Economist, 2001). The reduction in business passenger
numbers has resulted not only in adding to the already existing overcapacity problem but also in
increasing competitive pressures, the resultant effect being a persistent downtrend in airfares. In
fact, after adjusting for inflation airline revenues per passenger kilometre are about half the level of
30 years ago (BA Fact Book, 2002). The birth of the low cost carriers and the increasing market
share they have acquired has further exacerbated this downward trend as passengers become more
price sensitive.
1.2 Political Forces facing the airline industry
The airline industry is also very much in the political frontline (see figure 1.1). The implications of
terrorism for the industry are evident from the statistics – 2001 was only the second year in the
history of modern civil aviation in which international air traffic declined (IATA, 2002) and,
although air traffic has since improved, it is nevertheless still below pre–September 11 levels.
Furthermore, the knock on effects it has had in other areas of the industry, most notably the
vertiginous rise in the cost of insurance and security, has further added to the economic woes of the
industry. Since the attacks insurance companies immediately increased insurance premiums and
reduced

Swot Analysis Of British Airways
British Airways' brand is simply, "To Fly. To Serve." (British Airways, 2017) This simple motto is to
define the "passion and expertise" that British Airways' achieves. (British Airways, 2017) The bring
a proud heritage and a long line of history to personalize customer experience with the "British style
and sophistication", one would expect. (British Airways, 2017)
Resources
British Airways World Cargo has ka very large fleet, consisting of Boeing 747s, Boeing 767, Boeing
777s, A319, A320, 321s, Boeing 737, A319, A340s, A330s, and A380s. Their primary airfreight for
cargo is the Boeing 757 jets with a fleet of 32. (IAG, 2017)
At British Airways' Main Hub, it employs over 76,000 employees. British Airways has made a break
through special training for their employees. They have been given a three–day course to "focus on
leadership, teamwork, self–esteem, and leading to an increased sense of confidence." (Madar, 2015)
British Airways key facility is Heathrow at Ascentis and is recognized as the "world's busiest and
most congested hubs." (Warren, 2014) Within a week they manage over 2,000 aircraft and deliver
250,000 bags and delivers approximately 140,000 tons of cargo within a year. (Warren, 2014)
This hub has 83,000 square meters and collects and delivers many types of cargo. They also have a
cargo handling facility in Gatwick and Stansted airports., British Airways determined the best way
to utilize its primary hub in London with their recently opened Terminal 5. They

British Airways Report
Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2
1. COMPANY OVERVIEW 2
1.1 RECENT PROBLEMS FACED BY BA 3
2. CURRENT STRATEGIC POSITION OF BRITSH AIRWAYS 3
2.1 BRITISH MERGER AND ALLIANCES 4
3. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS 5
3.1 PESTEL ANALYSIS 5
3.2 FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS 11
3.3 LAYERS OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT 14
3.4 COMPETITORS ANALYSIS 15
3.5 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS 17
3.5.1 STAKEHOLDERS MAPPING: The Power/Interest Matrix 18
4. INTERNAL ANALYSIS 22
4.1 RESOURCES–BASED VIEW 22
4.2 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS 24
4.3 THE LIFE–CYCLE MODEL 28
5. CONCLUSION 30
6. RECOMMANDATION 31
REFERENCES 33
BIBLIOGRAPHY 33
Websites 33 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report identifies through an analysis, the current strategic ... Show more content on
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Merger and alliances to create new routes from Gatwick.
2.1 BRITISH MERGER AND ALLIANCES
The new group will combine the two companies in the UK and Spain and will enhance their
presence in the international long haul markets while retaining the individual brands and current
positions of each airline. British Airways and Iberia hope their new company International Airlines
Group, International Airlines Group, will position the pair for further consolidation in the global
airline sector as it emerges from a prolonged industry downturn and hope to compete with
multinational rivals Air–France–KLM and Lufthansa.
From a personal analysis it seems that the merger is likely to be more strategic for both companies
as Iberia is more dominant in South American destinations and British Airways flies to only three
South American destinations. The key benefit of the merger to BA would be the access to South
America. Similarly, Iberia will gain from BA's more extensive North American operations, with the

two carriers able to share information on fares, schedules and routes. They have identified Latin
America as a growth market, one where BA is under–represented.
Willie Walsh has drawn a list of 12 possible airlines BA could merge with once the America airlines
and Iberia tie–ups are completed. The choice of merging is positive in a sense that it will increase
the market share and BA has promised cheaper fares and even more jobs as part of a route–sharing
deal with US

What Are The Social Factors Affecting British Airways
1.0 Introduction
British Airways (BA) is the UK's largest international scheduled airline, operating international and
domestic scheduled and charter air services for the carriage of passengers, freight and mail and the
provision of ancillary services. The airline flies to over 550 destinations globally and is considered
to be a leader in the industry.
In order to profitably satisfy customer needs, an organisation must understand its external and
internal situation including the customer, the market and its own capabilities. Furthermore, it needs
to understand and adapt to the dynamic and uncontrollable factors of the environment in which it
operates.
2005 saw a new Chief Executive being appointed in BA; Willie Walsh, former head of ... Show
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In response, the cost of fuel surcharges is always at risk (appendix 2). BA is in the business of
transporting people to and from worldwide destinations for both business and pleasure. If the
international economy slows down, business trades less and fewer business people will use planes.
Equally, people may choose less 'exciting' holidays.
2.2.3 Social Factors
The social and cultural influences on business vary from country to country however it is important
that such factors are considered and include demographic and cultural aspects. These factors affect
customer needs and the size of potential markets. Demographic changes have resulted in the
development of the 'grey' market who are spending more on leisure and travelling. Lifestyles, tastes
and fashions are all changing; customers require opportunities to visit new and interesting, often
long–haul, and destinations.
2.2.4 Technological Factors
Technology is vital for competitive advantage, and is a major driver of globalisation. A key issue
will be the extent to which technological advancements can offset upward pressures on prices and
costs. Online sales are regarded highly important by BA and they are placing considerable faith in
its website presence to boost online–sales which will reduce customer traffic via BA's call centres.
E–Tickets are now the standard ticket format used by BA, making flight ticketing more
straightforward, flexible and secure

Heathrow Terminal 5 Risk Management Essay
Introduction
Work on the London Heathrow terminal 5(T5) began in 2002 after a 4 year public enquiry. It took
six years to build at a cost of £4.3bn. The facility, situated on a 251hectar site had 6000 people
working on site at any one time (Health and Safety Executive, 2005). It boasts of 30,000 square
meters of glass walls, has 60 new aircraft stands and includes 13km of tunnels which were bored for
baggage handling and rail links (BBC, 2007a).
This report will be evaluating the project risk management in the construction of T5 airport. It will
start with a brief background on Heathrow terminal 5. The report will then take a critical look at
some of the British Airport Authority's (BAA) method of risk allocation and identification. It ...
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In getting all parties involved to work as part of an integrated team, the risk identification process
would have involved a larger number of people and increased the identified sources of risk for the
project. This fundamental relationship between project parties played a huge role in the success of
the project with regards to time and cost. (Davies et al, 2009)
Another area that BAA also identified as a major source of risk going into the project was the
Information Technology (IT) systems that would go into T5. The head of systems for BAA, Nick
Gaines stressed that the IT systems represented the largest risk to the entire project ( Illet,
2006).This is further supported by the fact that T5 underwent 6 months of testing prior to it's
opening, most of which was to do with its IT systems integration including the baggage system
(BBC, 2007b)
Risk allocation
As mentioned in the introduction, allocating risk in financial terms to different parties is encouraged
as good practice.BAA however took on an entirely different approach to their allocation of risk by
choosing to take on all the risk. They went against the normal convention of contractual agreements
which are normally reactive in their nature and mostly end up with a focus on each party involved
claiming against the other for any extra

Swot Analysis Of British Airways
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Business environment means the external forces influencing business management and decisions. It
contains two forces, specific and general. Investors, competitors, customers, and suppliers affect
directly in their day–to–day operations are the specific forces. Social, political, legal and
technological conditions affect organisations indirectly are the general forces. Strategy management
and innovation are vital for an organisation's growth and development. Upon understanding the
importance of strategy management and innovation, researchers have formulated theories related to
organisational management. Theories have critically analysed with the case study of British Airways
by comparing strategies with both external ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Threats: Threats are unfavourable changes in the internal and external environment. Examples
include new regulations, not able to manage the new technologies; products are not able to reach the
customer satisfaction level, trade barriers, etc.
By utilizing the SWOT analysis in strategic planning towards the growth, organisations can develop
a matrix which provides an accurate understanding of organisations' strength, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats.
SWOT Matrix Strengths Weaknesses
Opportunities S–O strategies W–O strategies
Threats S–T strategies W–T strategies
Source (http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/SWOT)
In conclusion, SWOT analysis is the most important method in analysing and formulating strategy.
With this, the senior managers can able to assess the internal strengths and weaknesses as well as
external opportunities and threats for overall development of the organisation. (Ricky Griffin, 2007)
Micro & Macro Environment:
Micro environment in business is a specific area of elements which impact the organisation's ability
to serve its customers. Organisational micro environment factors consist of customers, competitors,
suppliers, marketing and the general public. Macro environment is external factors of an
organisation which are uncontrollable that influence in decision making and effects on performance
and strategies. These include political, economic, social, technological and

The Manager Of City Technologies
Introduction
The manager of City Technologies has approached our company to discuss and plan the company's
annual seven day event, which will include a two day Pro–Am golf tournament to an appropriate
location outside of the UK. The trip will be for 16 people, which will be arranged and paid for by
City Technologies, as well as a further 20 golfers from other companies who are making their own
arrangements for the trip. Places previously visited include Spain, Scotland, Ireland and California,
which reduces the number of places they can visit. We must also look at the option of sending a
member of staff as a group leader and the costs involved. I will choose three destinations for the
manager's report, as well as a customer care plan, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The 5 star Wynn Las Vegas hotel is located on the Las Vegas Strip, with each room features two
double pillow–topped beds, a marble bath, separate shower and water closet. Each room has floor to
ceiling windows with views of either the Wynn golf course or the Las Vegas Strip. Wi–Fi, a safe,
temperature control, iPod/iPhone docking stations and video–on–demand are also available for all
rooms.
Price: £350pppn on a bed and breakfast basis
Golf:
The Wynn Golf Course is the only golf course in Las Vegas connected to a resort. The 18–hole, par–
70 course is designed quite differently to the surrounding desert landscape with its lush greens and
water features. Complimentary golfing equipment and shoes are available for those who cannot
bring their own, as well as a caddy to help. As guests of the Wynn Las Vegas hotel, the price of
using the golf course is included in the hotel stay with full use of restaurants and other dining
facilities in the hotel.
Things to see and do:
Las Vegas offers a variety of attractions and tours for the clients to go

Analysis Of Matthew Carter's Works
Letters; they don't just make up the words on a page or a screen. Forms, counterforms and volumes
of shape that interact with other characters and space are important considerations in a character.
Matthew Carter took the in–depth knowledge he gained of the physical forms of letters and
transcribed new and ever–lasting typefaces from it to become one of the most impactful typography
designers of current times.
From the Beginning Born in 1937 in London, Carter grew up with an expanded knowledge of
typography. His father, Harry, worked in the same field, designing books and type. He was also a
type–founding and punchcutting historian. Upon leaving school, he worked in the Netherlands at the
Enschedé type foundry in Haarlem. This was the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This style was not readily available, nor exploited much in Britain. He created several typefaces,
including one used in the Heathrow Airport terminal. Carter moved back to New York after his years
of freelancing in Europe and worked for Mergenthaler Linotype, where he created Snell Roundhand,
"a script that perfectly illustrated the comparative virtues of photosetting (Design Museum 1)," as
well as Helvetica Condensed and various foreign typefaces. By the 1970s, he was back in London,
still working with Linotype but also freelancing. In 1974 he created Bell Centennial (Figure 1) for
AT&T which is still used in telephone directories today. After years of freelance work, Carter
eventually moved back to the United States and established his own company, Bitstream, in
Massachusetts. When traditional typesetting became less profitable and the digital age set it,
Bitstream created a collection of digital typefaces. A decade after its creation, Carter left Bitstream
to pursue more design work.
The Phone Book Bell Centennial was the first digital typeface design that Matthew Carter worked
on in 1974. Originally, AT&T had wanted to use Helvetica. Erik Spiekermann notes that Helvetica is
meant to be consistent and homogeneous. The letters are all similar to one another. In his TED talk,
Carter mentions the constraints a designer has to conform to at times, unlike fine art. This is a
situation that had to be

British Airways And The United Kingdom
INTRODUCTION:
British Airways plc (BA) is the banner transporter carrier of the United Kingdom. BA home office is
situated in Waterside near its significant center at London Heathrow Airport and in light of armada
size, universal flights and worldwide destinations is the biggest carrier in the UK. Its other center is
the London Gatwick Airport. English Airways has ended all straight abroad flights from UK air
terminals except for Heathrow, Gatwick and London City Airport. BA 's UK travelers starting at
non–London airplane terminals would need to unite through London or make utilization of
distinctive aircrafts with direct administrations.
The British Airways Group was shaped on 1 September 1974 because of nationalization because of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On 12 November 2009, British Airways set up that it had touched base at a preparatory consent to
converge with Iberia aircraft. The merger between British Airways and Iberia would achieve the
world 's third–biggest carrier as far as yearly income and the second biggest aircraft bunch in
Europe. The assentation was affirmed on 8 April 2010, and before the year 's over ought to be
finished.
English Airways in no time hold a 13.5% stake in Iberia however will get ownership of 55% of new
joint group, with Iberia 's shareholders getting the enduring 45% of the organization. The
consolidated substance will work 419 air ship, pass on up to 62 million travelers yearly and serve
somewhat more than 200 destinations. It is normal that the merger will make 400 million Euros of
reserve funds every year for the aircrafts. The Headquarters will be in London
PESTLE ANALYSIS:
Political components
This alludes to the impact of laws, charges and political choices in transit a business is run. As of
this current year the political environment in the UK was shaky in view of the coalition government
and the real spending slices that are to be made keeping in mind the end goal to make investment
funds and lessen on the national obligation. This may influence BA in a way that the arranged
extension of Heathrow air terminal which would have gotten more income with expanded number of
flights won 't not proceed because of the monetary allowance cuts.

European

British Airways
Assignment A Magazine Article 'BRITISH AIRWAYS – A Personal View'
Introduction
You will investigate the British Airways and provide a personal, but informed, view of the company.
The assignment will give you the opportunity to apply your understanding of the Business
Environment to the analysis of an international business from a range of different perspectives:
considering how businesses set their objectives, influence their stakeholders, control their costs and
fix their prices within the context of a particular national environment (the UK). The submission
should be suitable for publishing in a specialist 'business' magazine.
Deliverables
The article based on your investigation and analysis should be no longer than 3,000 ... Show more
– To survive and not falling down under the downturn crisis.
– To give new concept about aviation industry.
– Focus on our values
– Focus on cargo industry and give it priority to keep it ahead.
– Improve terminals and make them more comfortable and not tedious.
– Enlarge parking and strengthen security system.
– Pay more care to people in special needs.
– Make people feel themselves at home while they are in the air
– Provide excellent service to people show good hospitality.
– Make client satisfied

– Don't lose any customer or supplier
– Maximize profits to shareholders and owners
– Cooperation among coworkers to reach the target we are pursue .
Value
Everyone working with BA feel responsibility, loyalty towards it to keep it growing up, keep quality
high and everyone give their best to the firm, that appear clearly in the worker reaction toward the
economic crises since 7,000 British Airways employees have volunteered for schemes in support of
the airline's cost reduction programme. Their actions will save the company up to £10 million as BA
website and several media sources said (1)
Market
In order to stay exist BA focus on needs of customers and suppliers as service provider company,
Pay more care of the customer to make

London Aquatics Centre
Table of contents
Introduction 2
Design 3
Construction 6
Green Features 11
Bibliography 12
Introduction Designed by internationally acclaimed architect Zaha Hadid, the breathtaking Aquatics
Centre is one of the permanent venues specially constructed for London 2012.The London Aquatics
Centre is an indoor facility Measuring over 200 metres long with a 22,000 metre squared footprint,
the centre is the second largest main venue after the Olympic Stadium, and will form the 'gateway'
to the Games with two 50–metre (160–foot) swimming pools and a 25–metre (82–foot) diving pool
in Olympic Park at Stratford, London, it was one of the main venues of the 2012 Summer Olympics
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were later added to fit the estimated audience. With a capacity of 17,500, the Aquatics Centre's
spectacular wave–like roof is 160m long and up to 80m wide – giving it a longer single span than
Heathrow Terminal 5.
Construction
On 1 December 2005 Hadid was instructed to revise her designs after a specification change led to a
doubling of the £75 million estimated cost. The revised plans were unveiled on 27 November 2006.
Although the same general design was kept, with capacity for 17,500 spectators, the revised
Aquatics Centre design was much smaller and was expected to cost much less than previously
expected. However, subsequent cost increases were reported to Parliament in 2008.The construction
contract was awarded to Balfour Beatty in April 2008. At the same time, it was reported that the
centre would cost about three times as much as was originally estimated, totalling about £242
million. The cost increases were attributed to construction inflation and VAT increases, and also
included the estimated cost of converting the facility for public use after the Olympic and
Paralympic Games. The Centre was completed in July 2011 at a final cost of £269 million. The

design demonstrates the precast–concrete skills with by exposing the concrete finish rather than
painting or cladding which was provided by Peri. The precast floor terracing was manufactured by
Bell & Webster Concrete in

virgin atlantic csr report
Vishal Balsara A057
Haresh Asrani A019
Abhijeet Kapadia A002
Vinayak Borwankar A055
TABLE OF CONTENT
No.
Topic
Page
1
Introduction
3
2
Introduction – Some more facts
4
3
Introduction – Triple bottom–line
6
4
Triple bottom–line – Virgin Atlantic – Social perspective
9
5
Triple bottom–line – Virgin Atlantic – Environmental perspective
10
6
Triple bottom–line – Virgin Atlantic – Economical perspective
12
7
Sir Richard Branson – Founder of Virgin Atlantic – Introduction and Initiatives
13
"Safety, security and consistent delivery of the basics are the foundations of everything we do."
Mission statement –
To grow a profitable airline, where people love to fly and where people love to ... Show more

CSR is a feature of Virgin Atlantic 's events. For the launch of its Nairobi service last year the airline
took ten frequent flyers – those who had raised the most money for charity – to paint a school in the
Kenyan capital. The programme also restored fresh running water and helped 1,000 villagers.
Naturally, this also provided a great photo opportunity for Richard Branson and media coverage for
the new route.
SMALLER EVENTS
Not all events are expensive trips to far–flung new destinations. On the press side, small road shows
can be just as effective. Linking to the aforementioned Virgin Atlantic adverts currently doing the
rounds, a group of stewardesses has been sent around the country handing out Virgin–branded
diaries to newsrooms and shopping centres. Charles says the firm seeks to mix up its events, keeping
them fresh and, above all, memorable.
"I have never worked in such an imaginative team," he says, having been employed by both the
BBC and Eurostar. "It 's an achievement to produce events that get through the clutter and negativity
around at the moment. You should be careful about being too brash or over the top, but you can be
positive."
Virgin Atlantic puts together up to 100 different events a year, which means variety is important.
Often, small press events or customer–facing events at airports can

British Airways Marketing Report
Contents
* Introduction........................................................................................................................... 2 * Brief
Background of British Airways....................................................................................... 2 * The
Marketing Mix................................................................................................................ 3 * S.W.O.T.
Analysis................................................................................................................... 5 * British Airways
Target Market and Positioning Strategy....................................................... 7 * Marketing ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Marketing Mix
The marketing mix is a combination of 4 P's (product, price, place and promotion) that should be
used in conjunction with each other to ensure a competitive edge over other companies. 'The
marketing mix is designed to produce mutually satisfying exchanges with a target market'.
Product
BA's product in essence relates to the flights offered. However, the product can be drilled down into
specific areas ranging from the airport lounges around the world, the 'extras' that you can buy on
board such as model BA aeroplanes or even package holidays. Each of these has been specifically
tailored to meet customer expectations (which are highlighted in the section of the report titled
'target market'). This part of the marketing mix focuses on how BA's products are managed and in
the Guardian case study article titled 'BA, Iberia and American Airlines tie–up heralds new era of
transatlantic travel' dated 06/10/2010 it shows how BA have made an executive decision to link their
websites with other companies to have the possibility to offer a higher number of routes (products)
to their potential customers.
Price
Price is simply 'the amount of money customers must pay to obtain a product'. BA's price is
generally higher than their competitors although this is because they believe they are offering higher
quality. However, in recent times BA appear to be losing the price war against low cost

How Did British Airways Change
British Airways during the years has changed a lot, they had a lot of improvements and they made
new experiments and growths that made the future of this company to be different. In 1974 British
Airways was created with the combination of two companies the British Overseas Airways
Corporation (BOAC) and British European Airways (BEA).
In 1986 the airlines with long–haul services were moved to the terminal 4 at Heathrow airport and in
1987 with the leadership Chairman Lord King was completed the privatization of British Airways.
In 1988 British Airways was unite with Gatwick Airport based British Caledonian Airways.
In 1997 another companies from around the world made a new fleet of Airbus aircraft for short haul
services. They announced in 1999 about the new association.
In March 2008 terminal 5 at Heathrow Airport was opened by the queen and the new Airbus A380s
and Boeing 787 Dreamliners were make public. The airline introduced the first ... Show more
The two important sources that makes British Airways one step ahead is the alliance with the other
airlines in the industry.
British Airways has a lot and different stakeholders, such as communities (UK and abroad), media,
customers, shareholders, employees, international civil aviation authorities, the travel market,
suppliers, NGOs, partner organizations, other airlines, industry groups and associations,
governments and regulators. They work on the key stakeholders to make to understand and provide
feedback on their projects of their business.
Their work is to make sure to be able to develop the understanding of the economic, environmental
and societal impacts of the business, so they can improve more their sustainability. British Airways
is always in touch with the stakeholders to talk about different problems they have and to sort them

Beyond the ‘Iron Triangle’: Stakeholder Perception of Key...
Beyond the 'iron triangle': Stakeholder perception of key performance indikator (KPIs) in large–
scale public sector development projects
Objectives
This research has objectives to investigate the perception of the key performance indicator (KPIs) in
the context of large construction project in Thailand (Second Bangkok International Airport or
Suvarna bhumi Airport). The research attempted to achieve the following objective:
1. The significance of key performance indicators in perspective of various construction
stakeholders (client, consultants, and contractors).
2. Finding indicate that the traditional measure of the iron triangle (on–time, under budget, and
according to spesifications) are no more applicable to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The differences both of them, in Bangkok Airport Project, the indicator in ranking of KPIs is not
become priority (last position). However in Heathrow Terminal 5 has a conscious effort to reduce
the possibility of any conflicts of disputes by the client. They prevent the conflicts as much as
possible by recognizing and accepting that it took the responsibility for risk. The Heathrow Terminal
Project has a integrated risk management approach to prevent the conflicts.
2. What would you think about the CSF (Critical Succes Factor) instead of KPI if it were used in the
research?
Critical Succes Factor (CSF) are factors which contribute to achieving success on the project such as
effective planning and control, sufficient resources and, clear and detailed written contract, defined
goals and competent project manager. Succes factor are the effort made or strategy adopted to
achieve the success on project. While KPIs are success criteria to measure the success or failure of
the project will be judged, which related to the traditional triangle of completion on time, under
budget and according to specification. KPIs are the compilations of data measure, either by
quantitave or qualitative data, used to access the performance. So we can define, CSF is an effort to
success and the KPI is an indicator of success. If it

British Airways Case Study
Organizational Behavior Final Case Analysis:
Done By:
Table of Contents:
1.Introduction.........................................................................................................................3 What the
company does?.....................................................................................................3 How it was
developed historically?......................................................................................3 SWOT
analysis....................................................................................................................4
Strengths..............................................................................................................................4
Weakness.............................................................................................................................5
Opportunities......................................................................................................................6
Threats.................................................................................................................................6 The
Problem........................................................................................................................6 Why is change
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mistrust and fear from upper management Employee cognitive dissonance and inability to reconcile
with the company's values.
Opportunities
Terminal 4 expanding number of fleets. Strategic alliances. Provides most direct non–stop flights to
London worldwide.
Threats
Economic crises & Terrorism. Competitors (Lufthansa, Air France, and KLM) Natural disasters e.g.
Iceland Volcano eruption.
Strengths:
Brand name: British Airways had a strong, well–recognized brand name that influenced customers
worldwide greatly. Strong management style: the company was characterized by having a very
strong, influential bureaucratic style. It helped shape most of the company's decisions and proved to
be quite beneficial especially through times of economic and world crises. Motivational training

programs: Colin Marshall developed several training programs with different motivational goals to
help improve and shift the paradigm of the employees from being self–centered and arrogant to
being people–oriented and customer friendly. "Putting People First" introduced concepts of setting
personal goals and taking responsibility for getting what they wanted out of life. "Managing people
first" was originally targeted at middle managers, junior managers and supervisory grades {3}. The
program directed the 4

Marketing Communications Planning And Strategy
"The IMC approach to marketing communications planning and strategy is being adopted by both
large and small companies and has become popular among firms marketing consumer products and
services as well as business–to–business marketers." There are a number of reasons why marketers
are adopting the IMC approach.
they understand the value of strategically integrating the various communications functions rather
than having them operate autonomously. By coordinating their marketing communications efforts,
companies can avoid duplication, take advantage of synergy among promotional tools, and develop
more efficient and effective marketing communications programs.
easiest ways for a company to maximize the return on its investment(ROI) in marketing and
promotion.
adaptation bymarketers to a changing environment, particularly with respect to consumers,
technology,and media. Major changes have occurred among consumers with respect to
demographics, lifestyles, media use, and buying and shopping patterns. (D Pickton, A Broderick –
2001)
1.1 MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS: It is one of the important activities of an organization.
It is through marketing the products or services of the company are reaching to the customers.
Marketing is the process by which companies create customer interest in goods or services. It
generates the strategy that underlies sales techniques, business communication, and business
developments. It is an integrated process through which companies

Essay about Business Strategy of Ba (Brisitsh Airways)
Company name: British Airways (BA)
Description:
British Airways is the UK's largest international scheduled airline, flying to over 550 destinations.
Whether customers are in the air or on the ground, British Airways takes pride in providing a full
service experience.
British Airways main operating bases are London Heathrow and London Gatwick. "Our airline
operations comprise mainline passenger and cargo services operated from the London airports and
services operated by our regional subsidiary, British Airways CitiExpress.
British Airways group consists of British Airways Plc and there are also a number of subsidiary
companies such as British Airways Holidays Limited and British Airways Travel Shops Limited.
The cargo service offered ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
from the mid–1960s and expanded upon at the Management Science Institute at Harvard in the early
1970s; since 1975 The Strategic Planning Institute has continued the development and application of
the PIMSresearch.
PIMS today is much more than the research study from which it originated. PIMS is * a database of
business strategies, used to generate benchmarks and identify winning strategies. * a set of data–
derived business strategy principles to guide strategic thinking and strategic measurement. * a
methodology for diagnosing business problems and opportunities, and for measuring the profit
potential of a business. * Stakeholder mapping is a collaborative process of research, debate, and
discussion that draws from multiple perspectives to determine a key list of stakeholders across the
entire stakeholder spectrum. Mapping can be broken down into four phases: 1. Identifying: listing
relevant groups, organizations, and people 2. Analyzing: understanding stakeholder perspectives and
interests 3. Mapping: visualizing relationships to objectives and other stakeholders 4. Prioritizing:
ranking stakeholder relevance and identifying issues
The process of stakeholder mapping is as important as the result, and the quality of the process
depends heavily on the knowledge of the people participating.
TASK 2.
2.1 Select an organisational audit for

Airline Industry Analysis 3
[pic]
The World Airline Industry
A European Perspective
(Case Study)
MCS–M–160
International Strategy
Student Name: Siyuan Li
Student ID: 2800712
Unit Coordinator: Robin John
Question 1
Through PESTEL analysis, identify the major external environmental drives influencing the airline
industry. Since the end of the case (2003), to what extent have these driving force changed?
Question 4
Analysis the business model of the low cost airline, discuss their competitive strategies, and their
future prospect in the Europe airline industry?
Contents
Introduction..................................................4
PESTEL Analysis...........................................5
Future Development on
Airline Industry ............................................8 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People were afraid of flying, which led to a decline in passenger traffic.
Terrorists
The world airline industry was severely shaken by the terrorist events of 11th September 2001, and

this is directly result in a catastrophic fall in personal air travel. After that, the security level was
increased at all the airport, that result in high cost put into airline industry, due to more personnel
and further expensive security applications. More security leads to increase waiting times, makes air
transportation less attractive.
Economical
Economical can be another major factor for the airline industry. Airlines ' profitability is closely tied
to world economic growth and international trade. Due to the rate of war and terrorist event, the
growth rate of economy dramatic slowdown, capacity in Europe outstrips demand, which gains the
low yield to the airline industry. The airline industry is now faced with significant capacity overhang
and high cost platform, especially in the US. The report shows that, two major airlines American
Airline and United airline losses of more than US$ 3billion for 2002, which makes world airlines
get struggle.
Moreover, oil prices increasing also affecting their profits. The price of fuel increasing which lead to
the more money will put into ticket. Therefore the passenger demand will decrease. In recent,
especially for the

Gatwick Improvements
Gatwick has very well established rail services, with excellent links to central London including a
frequent Thames link service through the capital and on to St Albans, Luton and Bedford. It also
enjoys reasonable links to the south coast, although services to the Coastway routes west and east of
Brighton are limited at peak periods as many trains don't stop at Gatwick due to train capacity issues
and/or pathing problems. There is also an hourly service to Guildford and Reading, although this is
not very competitive with road because of its low frequency and slow journey times. Improvements
are on the way. New trains are on order for the Gatwick Express, with two trains an hour to be
extended to Brighton. A new fleet is also on its way as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This extension was discussed for years, and can be one of the projects received more attention from
potential improvements and gains on the ground that it would create. Its construction began in 1990
and was completed in 1999, at a cost of £ 3.5 billion. Hussein, & Hunt, (2007) presented a series of
recommendations for future ferrous projects in London. Transport for London, Metropolitan
transportation Authority, hired two independent studies revise and empirically identify the rise in
land values attributable to the extending line Jubilee to have more information to develop funding
policy for the new generation railway projects. Öhrström, Andersson, & Ängerheim, (2007) found it
very difficult to use capital gains to finance these projects. The first study concluded that it is
impossible to estimate the additional values soil generated from the information available.
Sergienko, & Bukharov, (2014) also found that highly uncertain, and that the benefits of gains in the
area Canary Wharf (the area which benefited from extension) could be between £ 300 million and £
2.7 billion. A third independent study, under the auspices of the Lincoln Institute for Land Policy,
estimated that the gains for the Canary Wharf would be around £ 40

The Rationale For Undertaking The Research
The rationale for undertaking the research:
The topic of expansion has always resulted in competitiveness between various airports, but
different approaches are taken towards those airports requesting for more runway expansion.
Heathrow Airport is facing constant debates with nearby residents for a third runway appeal. The
main concern with Heathrow's third runway relates to the environmental and social concerns
residents will face if the expansion proposal is approved. Undertaking this particular research would
provide a better understanding about the local residents' opinions, whose daily activities may change
and residential houses which may be affected; contributing to sustainability concerns. These
opinions are important as residents deserve to express their interpretations about the runway
expansion. Subsequently, the research will add significant value to the airport industry and add
further theory to the current updates they have on Heathrow's third runway expansion.
The context of your study:
In the vast and developing aviation industry, expansion has become a key priority for many UK
airport businesses. Airports in general are looking for chances to grow and provide excellent
services, in order to fulfil passenger needs. Secretary of State for Transport (2013) mentions how the
Airport Consultative Committees allow new opportunities such as airport infrastructure and growth
strategies to be discussed. Although the consideration of airport expansion may be

Pan Am 103 By Max Gaines
Pan Am 103
Max Gaines
Middle Tennessee State University
Abstract
Pan Am flight 103 was just a normal routine transatlantic flight that took off from San Francisco and
was en–route to London for its first layover. The flight took place on December 21st, 1988. Pan Am
flight 103 was on its transatlantic leg when it was blown into pieces by a bomb. The explosion killed
all 259 passengers on board and took 11 lives on the ground in Lockerbie, Scotland. Right after the
crash everyone believed it to be a terrorist attack. It took a three–year investigation from the FBI
until they found the link to two Liberian nationalists. In 1999, Gaddafi finally handed over the two
men for trial. One of the men was sentenced to life in prison. He ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The airport only had one NOTAM that the crew needed to worry about– there was some
construction going on the outer taxiway. This had no factor at all on the crew or the accident. The
departure was just like any other departure. Everything was routine and nothing seemed out of the
ordinary. (NTSB, 1988)
The Boeing 747 took runaway 27R and began its route to New York Kennedy at 1825 hours Zulu,
just 21 minutes after being pushed back from gate Kilo–14. When flight 103 took off they were
tracking the Burnham VOR. As they started to approach the Burnham VOR, the Boeing 747
changed to a heading of 350 degrees. They were then cleared up to FL 120 and then to their cruising
altitude of FL 310. Once the Boeing 747 obtained their cruising altitude of FL 310, they were
North–West of the Pole Hill VOR about 26 minutes after takeoff. "Approximately 7 minutes later,
Shanwick Oceanic Control transmitted the aircraft's oceanic clearance but this transmission was not
acknowledged" (NTSB, 1988). During the second transmission, flight 103 disappeared from the
radar. The radar then picked up two different trails of debris from the aircraft explosion. Some
debris went as far as the east coast of England. When the explosion occurred, the winds were
between 250 degrees and 260 degrees and were around 115 kts at FL 310. As the altitude decreased
so did the wind strength. At FL 100 the

Generic Strategies of Ba
1
Executive Summary Background and Introduction External Analysis .1 Macro Environmental
analysis .1.1 .1.2 .1.3 .1.4 .1.5 .2 Political and Legal Factors Economic Factors Social Factors
Technological Factors Environmental Factors
Micro Environmental Analysis .2.1 .2.2 .2.3 .2.4 .2.5 Industry Analysis Market Analysis Competitor
Analysis Customer Analysis Stakeholder Analysis
4.0 4.1 4.2
4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5
Internal Analysis Resource Analysis Marketing Audit Marketing Strategies Audit Marketing
Structure Audit Marketing Systems Audit Marketing Function Audit Marketing Productivity Audit
4.3 4.4 4.5 5.0
6.0 7.0
Innovation Audit Other Auditing Tools SWOT Analysis
Conclusion Bibliography Appendices
2
This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
BA has already started to react to this by collecting required information on the 'manage my
booking' section of its website. 2 It may be necessary to change the specification of a product
quickly, if a competitor offers customers better value–for–money. 4
The demand for air travel is characterised by a very high income elasticity. Therefore, as the world
economy grows, so the demand for air travel can be expected to increase too. The political situation
in Iraq has helped to drive oil prices to a record high and for BA, the oil price rise might add £100
million to their costs. In response, the cost of fuel surcharges is always at risk (appendix 2). BA is in
the business of transporting people to and from worldwide destinations for both business and
pleasure. If the international economy slows down, business trades less and fewer business people
will use planes. Equally, people may choose less 'exciting ' holidays. 3.1.3 Social Factors

The social and cultural influences on business vary from country to country however it is important
that such factors are considered and include demographic and cultural aspects. These factors affect
customer needs and the size of potential markets. Demographic changes have resulted in the
development of the 'grey' market3

China 's Economic Development Of China
With the economic development of China rapidly increasing, China has gradually attracted the
attention from the worldwide publicity, state media reports, and it has become one of the important
players in the international sphere. In general, economic development and growth has become one
of the most significant factors for China's successes. Historically, there are three main periods since
the founding of China, which are after the establishment of the country, the period of the opening
policy, and the contemporary period. Each historical period has significant influences for China's
development. Hence, I will illustrate how China's economics developed so fast from the past to
modern, and how its economics affected Chinese society and its own market. Although China has
made a lot of great achievements today, China also has undergone internal conflicts, foreign
invasion and civil war about forty years before World War II (1939–1945). In 1949, "New China"
was established by the Communist revolution, and its adopted socialism economy system, which is a
national financial system based on state ownership of capital. After the founding of China, there was
a period of economic recovery until 1952. China implemented the First Five–Year Plan from 1953
to 1956, which is an outline for China's economic goals in the future next five years. The first five
Five–Year Plans advocated the Soviet economic model such as state ownership, collective farming,
and national economic planning. In

British Airlines and Air India
India and the UK have a great deal in common. Right from our Parliamentary system of democracy
to our judicial system, our bureaucracy to now, the common travails of our flag carriers, British
Airways (BA) and Air India (AI).
BA, according to its chief executive, Willie Walsh, is in a 'fight for survival' much like our own AI.
As with the latter, BA has a bloated workforce, awful finances, a huge debt, all problems that
characterize AI as well. And, in an uncanny parallel, AI's latest offer of unpaid leave to its staff
mirrors a similar offer made earlier by BA.
But there the comparison ends. BA is no longer state–owned, having been privatised back in 1987.
AI, in contrast, is 100% state–owned. And that says it all
British Airways (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom and its biggest airline based
on fleet size, international flights and international destinations. When measured by passengers
carried it is second–largest, behind easy Jet. The airline is based in Waterside near its main hub at
London Heathrow Airport.
A British Airways Board was established by the United Kingdom government in 1972 to manage the
two nationalized airline corporations, British Overseas Airways Corporation and British European
Airways, and two smaller, regional airlines, Cambrian Airways, from Cardiff, and Northeast
Airlines, from Newcastle upon Tyne. On 31 March 1974, all four companies were combined to form
British Airways. After almost 13 years as a state company, British

Travelodge
Travelodge
Travelodge is private hospitality industry. The Travelodge brand was founded by Scott King
(Travelodge Corporation Founder) from America. And the first Travelodge was established in San
Diego in 1940. Travelodge has several hotel chains around the world and many of them are operated
under independent companies without having connection with brand operating in other countries.
Travelodge in UK
Travelodge in UK was founded in 1985 which brand was bought in 1980 by the same person Lord
Forte. It is the first budget hotel brand and now the fastest growing hotel company. Currently
Travelodge is serving all over the UK and in Republic of Ireland and Spain. Travelodge has become
second largest budget hotel brand and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sometimes there is shortage of workers. And there is problem in personal development of junior
staffs. Travelodge also lacks party place. Some workers might be good in work but lack the
communication skills. Though the hotel is growing faster, its facilities are stable still. There are no
any new promotions. Due to the increasing number of Travelodge there seems to be lacking of
marketing expert.
Opportunities
Travelodge should must make some party place and function rooms. More permanent workers
should be collected and hire more marketing experts. With various offers the promotion and
advertising is needed. And as being responsible of their workers, Travelodge must fight against the
changing rules and regulation. And being in Growth stage, the right place must be filled with
Travelodge with proper plan.
Threats
The changing rules and regulation of UKBA is making hard for more than half of workers in
Travelodge as many of them are not going to get the work permit from this coming 2012. And
maximum numbers of workers in Travelodge are par time workers including those international
students. Premier Inn has more number of hotels and rooms than the Travelodge and it's only the
one which has largest budget hotel brand even being founded after Travelodge. And right now
Premier Inn has made the Travelodge second in budget hotel brand.
Seasonality

Travelodge in

Virgin Atlantic Airline Current Status
Virgin Atlantic Airline Current Status Today Virgin Atlantic finds itself in a year of change. With a
new CEO at the helm, new aircraft arriving in the fall of 2014, and a new partnership, major
changes are underway. 2013 saw pay freezes for personnel, eliminating a layer of management,
redesign of food trays, and other cost cutting measures. The trend for 2014 has been to keep
tightening the financial belt and reign in the high cost draining the company's revenue. The
implementation of the new routes with Delta should support the financial turnaround and help make
Virgin Atlantic profitable again. Changes in Virgin Atlantic's operations are already starting.
Preparations for the new flight schedule is in the works. Delta has collocated its Heathrow
operations with Virgin Atlantic in Terminal 3 for all flights to Boston, New York, and Seattle to
facilitate transfers between the two airlines (Virgin Atlantic, 2014). Virgin Atlantic has opened up its
Upper Class offering at Heathrow, to Delta's Business Elite, SkyMiles Diamond and Platinum
Medallion members. This also includes access to the Private Security Channel, London Heathrow
Clubhouse and Revivals lounge (Virgin Atlantic, 2014). October 26, 2014 will be the launch of
Virgin Atlantic flights from Heathrow airport in London to Hartsfield–Jackson International Airport
in Atlanta. The airline will take over one of three Delta flights and in return, Delta will operate one
of two Virgin Atlantic flights from

British Airways: Largest Airline in the UK
British Airways (BA) is the flag carrier airline of the United Kingdom, based in Waterside, near its
main hub at London Heathrow Airport. It is the largest airline in the UK based on fleet size,
international flights and international destinations and second largest measured by passengers
carried, behind easyJet.
The British Airways Board was established in 1971 to control the two nationalised airline
corporations, BOAC and BEA, and two smaller, regional airlines, Cambrian Airways, from Cardiff,
and Northeast Airlines, from Newcastle upon Tyne. On 31 March 1974, all four companies were
merged to form British Airways. After almost 13 years as a state company, that was sold in February
1987 as part of a privatisation plan by the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1981, the airline was instructed to prepare for privatisation by the Conservative government. Sir
John King, later Lord King, was appointed Chairman, charged with bringing the airline back into
profitability. King was credited with transforming the loss–making giant into one of the most
profitable air carriers in the world, while many other large airlines struggled.[9] The flag carrier was
privatised and was floated on the London Stock Exchange in February 1987.[10] In July 1987,
British Airways effected the takeover of Britain 's "second" airline, British Caledonian.[11]
The formation of Richard Branson 's Virgin Atlantic Airways in 1984 created a strong competitor for
BA. In 1993, the intense rivalry between British Airways and Virgin Atlantic culminated in the
former being sued for libel arising from claims and counter claims over a "dirty tricks" campaign by
BA against Virgin. British Airways ' campaign against Virgin included poaching Virgin Atlantic
customers, tampering with private files belonging to Virgin and PR undermining the reputation in
the City. Following a libel case, British Airways agreed to pay £110,000 damages to Virgin (and
£500,000 to Branson) and £3 million legal costs causing BA management to apologise
"unreservedly" for the alleged "dirty tricks" campaign. An action filed in the US in 1993 by Virgin
against BA over domination of the trans–Atlantic routes was

British Airways: Strategic Plan
Table of ContentExecutive Summary1I. Introduction2II. Main Body1. History of British Airways22.
Current strategic situation....42.1 Internal analysis42.2 External Analysis52.3 SWOT82.4. Current
strategy93. Potential Strategic options124. Recommended strategic direction with rationale164.2
Strategy Evaluation175. Identification of critical success factors186. Performance measurement
criteria197. Conclusion218. Bilbliography249. References24Executive SummaryThe main aim of
this report is to undertake a review and analysis of British Airways. It is UK's leading airlines both
at international and domestic level, with its operations spread over 300 destinations across the
world. The report starts with a brief description of the company. Then the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Same year British Airways Holidays introduced its first program after re–integrating with British
Airways. In 2004, to clear their debt, British Airways sold their 18.6% of stake in Australian airline
Qantas for £1.1billion and also sold their London Eye to Tussauds £95 million.
In 2006, British Airways CitiExpress was renamed as BA Connect and the same year, they sold
14.6% stake in an Indian based business services Provider VVNS Holdings. British Airways also
sold its Travel Clinic business to MASTA (Medical Advisory Services for Travellers
Abroad).Meanwhile British Airways came to an agreement with Maley Hungarian Airlines for code
sharing on each other's flights. They also started a flight from London to Calgary, Canada. At the
same time they acquired American Airline's Stake in Iberia Airlines.
In 2007, British Airways started flights from London to New quay in UK and also they announced
their intention of their investment in 777–200 ERs which were scheduled for delivery in 2009.In
2006 they also sold their regional operations of BA connect to an European regional airlines Flybe.
At the same time, British Airways launched its new subsidiary, BA CityFlyer in Lodon city Airport.
BA CityFlyer was expected to operate 250 flights a week from the Docklands airport to six UK and
European destinations. In May 2007, British Airways placed an order for eight airbus A320 family
aircraft which were scheduled to be delivered between 2008 and

Business Plan for a New Entrant Airline
ATRN701 Airline Economics Business Plan for a new–
‐entrant airline by Cem Ersöz w14191741
March 2013 Company Profile FlyLikeUs is a new entrant airline financed by a team of businessmen
from the UK and Finland. Its headquarters and main facilities are in Helsinki. London City Airport –
where business travel is highly common but the demand for leisure travel continuously increases– is
considered as our future hub as soon as required maintenance facilities are employed at the airport.
FlyLikeUs wants to bring an innovative approach to regional market in Europe by operating a fleet
of brand new high–tech Embraer E–Jets. Mission ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(source: skyscanner.com) 1.4 In–
‐flight Services BA&AY Economy class seat pitch length is
between 31–34 inches and Business class seat pitch is fixed at 34 inches. A variety of
complimentary food and beverages are offered, based on the time of day and departure location.
Business class passengers take advantage of an enhanced meal service. Short TV programs are
shown on some flights. Norwegian offers a 29–inch seat pitch for all passengers. It accepts one hand
baggage for low fare and check in baggage and seat reservation are available for purchase. Flexible
fare includes check in baggage and seat reservation. Free Wi–Fi is offered on all Norwegian flights
for the use of passengers but no complimentary food or meal is available. (source:
www.seatguru.com, www.norwegian.com/) 1.5 Background to the market London, the capital of
United Kingdom, is a huge metropolis, which consists of diverse range of cultures, with a
population of 15 million people. It is located in South East England along the River Thames. It
attracts leisure travellers from all parts off the world for its sightseeing, nightlife, restaurants,
museums, hotels etc. Being the centre of culture, music, education, finance and trade, London is a
leading destination for business travellers, students, artists and so on. It is

Business Analysis: British Airways
Introduction
British Airways is the one of the largest airline companies, and the passengers carry overall in the
fifth largest in the world. Most of plans are stay in Heathrow Airport which is the highest of main
international airport. The British Airways has a long history and airlines cover 133 countries;
include 373 airplanes. The BA Company includes 50,086 workers to be in the service, which is one
of the largest employers and employees in the United Kingdom.
British Airways (BA) is based on the British flag carrier airline, based near London Heathrow
Airport, the main center is near the Gulf. British Airways operate with Gatwick Airport which is the
second or third center, a dedicated British Airways at London City Airport Express ... Show more
Reliable electronic book in the new schedule, more comfortable seats, new customer loyalty
programs and new services in the lounge in the near future innovation may be more realistic
expectations. Short–term objectives will include diversification.
This is suggested Bob Arlen, president of British Airways: We cannot stand still. Greater innovation
we must maintain our lead, we provide excellent products and quality services, people will change
their travel plans and enjoy.
From the perspective of investor relations, the new tasks of the new confidence in the BA can only
be beneficial. In addition, its signal is BA's business from last September, the recent studies about
the efficiency of world tourism program of the future is not a one–off, but a new millennium as part
of a larger plan. (Morrell, 1999)
Therefore, the new position and indentify of British Airways are established. Meanwhile, using
business models might more helpful to find out the new position and future to the BA. Wilson and
Gilligan (2005) claim that one of the most important business models is SWOT. They give the
definition and what kinds of questions include SWOT. SWOT is an abbreviation of strength,
weakness, opportunity and threat. Wilson and Gilligan also mention that when SWOT key issues are
decided to use, it could determine the goals of marketing. Also, when using SWOT model to
analysis a

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