2. Basics of Rec DNA Technology
Steps involved in Rec DNA Technology
Tools required for it
Advantages
3. Gene cloning molecular cloning DNA cloning
Mutliplicaton of same copies of DNA again and again
4. Prokaryotes system – smaller protein
Eukaryotes system – larger protein
(To fulfill the smaller protein requirements)
yeasts bacteria
Sacchromyces cerevisiae
Pichia pastoris
Hansenula polymorpha
High yield , low cost , >50KDa
Thermal tolerant ,uptake of unusual
carbon source
E coli
Provide s-s proteins ,easier in PTM
5. 1) Selection and isolation of DNA
2) Selection of suitable vector
3) Introduction of Gene of interest to vector
4) Selection and Insertion in host cells
5) Expression and multiplication of recDNA
6. Selection : To find a part of DNA which responsible
for expression of protein system
For Insulin human insulin gene is taken
Isolation : To isolate the expression system by
enzymatically (Restriction endonuclease )
They are also termed as DNA insert , foreign DNA
,target DNA ,clone DNA
It can be done by Gel electrophoresis
7. They are vehicle of the rec DNA technology which
carry the information of DNA over a generation
They are self replicating in nature
Commonly Plasmids and rarely bacteriophage are
used
Vector cannot be created
8. To join the gene of interest and vector DNA by
enzymatically
Ligase is a most commonly used enzyme in rec
DNA
9. Slight distruption of
cell wall and the
recombinant molecule
was inserted into a
suitable host by
enzymatically
Diferent host system
were used
10.
11.
12. I. Enzymes
II. Cloning vector
III. Foreign DNA
IV. Host organisms
V. Linker and adapter sequences
13. Necessary tools in RDNA
Commonly used enzymes are
Endonuclease
Exonuclease
Ligase
ENDONUCLEASE
To cut DNA at a specific site (recognition site
/recognition sequence /restriction site /target
site )
In 1962 W.ARBER
Found that some of
enzyme present in
Bacteria which can
degrade DNA
By inserting phage
into a E.coli , found
the restricting the
growth of PHAGE
In 1970 MESELSON
&YUAN were isolate
true endonuclease
14. Types
i) Type I
ii) Type II
iii) Type III
TYPE I RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASE
cleave one strand of DNA at a specific site
Requires Mg2+ ions & ATP for functioning
15. Most stable
cleave both strand at a definite length
requires Mg2+ ions & not ATP
So, advantageous over a TYPE I
Cuts between a palindrome sequence
with rotational symmentry
16. Not used in a gene cloning / rec DNA Technology
Its an intermediate between TYPE I & TYPE II
17. By Two ways
Blunt cut
i)Cleave both double strand at the same point
Staggered cut
ii) cleave the double strand at different point
protruding ends , formation of sticky ends /
cohesive ends ( to pair easily )
18. Removes a part of a
nucleotide
Can remove either
ends(5’ /3’ ) of a DNA
Never produce internal
cuts
Join two fragments
By synthesizing the
phosphodiester bonds
Called as a molecular
glue
19. Capable to replicate in host organism
Called as a cloning vehicle / Earner DNA
Developed from Bacillus ,Pseudomonas ,Agrobacterium ,Yeast &
Fungi
Diff. vector system were used
Plasmids , bacteriophage , cosmids , Phasmids
For a good cloning vector have single site for cutting
They should perform glycosylation
Express more quantity of protein in terms of quality & quantity
Should have a ori of replication
20. Lack of post translational modifications
Mutations may arise whenever improper addition of
segments
In wwPDP E.coli is used as vector for 23,462
processing
21. They carries the recDNA and multiplies within a cell and
involves the cell division
As a result of cell division large number of recombinated cell
are produced
which inturn results in the expression of proteins
They are easy to transform
Easy to replicate
Should interfere against replication of recDNA in host cells
22. DNA which have to be cloned is called DNA interest or foreign DNA or target DNA
They are responsible for the expression of protein in recDNA technology
They are made up of certain sequence of nucleotides which are responsible
They may be viral /plant /animal /bacterial DNA part