Functions of Skeletal System Support- framework that supports body and cradles its soft organs Protection- for delicate organs, heart, lungs, brain Movement- bones act as levers for muscles Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis Types of Bones Long Bones- metacarples, metatarsals, phelangies, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula Short Bones- carpals, tarsals Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial bones Sesamoid- patella

2. • Support- framework that supports body
and cradles its soft organs
Protection- for delicate organs, heart,
lungs, brain
Movement- bones act as levers for muscles
Mineral storage- calcium & phosphate
Blood cell formation- hematopoiesis
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•
•
•

3. • Long Bones- metacarples,
metatarsals, phelangies, humerus,
ulna, radius, tibia, fibula
Short Bones- carpals, tarsals
Flat Bones- rib, scapula, skull, sternum
Irregular Bones- vertebrae, some facial
bones
Sesamoid- patella
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•
•
•

5. Distal
epiphysis
Proximal
epiphysis
diaphysis
yellow marrow
Sharpey’s fibers
epiphyseal line
periosteum
compact bone
spongy bone
Endosteum
hyaline cartilage

10. Posterior View

11. Frontal Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus
Maxillary Sinus

12. The Vertebral Column
Cervical Vertebrae
(7)
Thoracic Vertebrae
(12)
Lumbar Vertberae
(5)
Sacrum
Coccyx

13. Cervical Vertebrae

16. Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (3)
Floating Ribs (2)
The Thoracic Cage

17. Sacrum & Coccyx

18. Bones of the Pectoral Girdle

19. Humerus
Ulna
Radius
8 Carpals
5 Metacarpals
14 Phalanges

24. Ischium
Ilium
Acetabulum
Obturator
foramen
Pubis
Ischium
Pelvis (lateral view)

27. Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
7 Tarsals
5 Metatarsals
14 Phalanges
The Lower Limb
(Legs)

31. phelangies
metatarsals
tarsals
tarsals
metatarsals
phelangies

33. Immovable Joints
(synarthrosis)
suture
pubis symphisis

34. Slightly Movable Joint
(ampharthrosis)

35. ligaments
pelvis
(diarthrosis)-
femur

36. pelvis
hyaline
cartilage synovial
cavity
joint
capsule
femur

38. Abduction
Extension
Rotation
Flexion
Adduction
Synovial Joint Movement

39. 275 bones
12 weeks (6-9
inches long)

40. cartilage
calcified
cartilage
bone
epiphyseal
plate
epiphyseal
line
Endochondral Ossification
2o ossification
center
Fetus: 1st
2 months
AdultChildhood
Just before
birth

41. Osteoblast
Osteocyte
Osteoclast Eats bone
Builds new bone
Mature bone cell

42. Bone Repair:
1. Electrical stimulation of the fracture site:
• Increases speed and completeness of healing
• The e- stimulation inhibits PTH and slow osteoclasts
down from reabsorbing bone
2. Ultrasound treatment:
• Daily treatments reduce healing time of broken bones
by 25-35%
3. Free vascular fibular graft technique:
•
•
Transplant fibula in arm
Gives good blood supply not available in other
treatments
4. Bone substitutes:
• Crushed bone from cadaver- but risk of HIV and
hepatitis
Sea bone- coral
Artificial bone- ceramic
•
•

44. hematoma
callus bony callus
bone
remodeling

45. Diseases of the Skeletal System:
Osteoporosis- bone reabsorption
outpaces bone deposit; bones
become lighter and fracture easier
Factors:
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•
•
•
•
•
age, gender (more in women)
estrogen and testosterone decrease
insufficient exercise (or too much)
diet poor in Ca++ and protein
abnormal vitamin D receptors
smoking

46. Osteoporosis
29 40 84 92

47. Rickets- vitamin D deficiency
Osteomalacia- soft bones, inadequate
mineralization in bones, lack of vitamin D
Pagets Disease- spotty weakening in the
bones, excessive and abnormal bone
remodeling
Rheumatoid arthritis- autoimmune
reaction
Diseases of the Skeletal System: