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The state diagram shown up corresponds to a circuit implementation that has two inputs: clock and F and uses four flip-flops with outputs D, C, B, A. The circuit implemented may well corresponds to a: Four bits right/left shift register Solution Answer is Modulo 16 UP/DOWN Counter It counts from 0 to 15 in both UP and DOWN. if F=0 , It counts from 0 to 15 if F=1 , It counts from 15 to 0.

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uì//dyov fotect peaga e (or ways co profecé /se p? protect e? /. Haa Solution PREVENTION AND MITIGATION OF VOLCANIC HAZARDS AS A CIVIL ENGINNER A volcanic eruption can not practically influenced by man.There are, however, limited possibilities to controlling several of its effects, such as barriers against lava flows or cooling lava with sea water. Smaller lahars can be channeled by artificial sabo dams. Another possibility to prevent the generation of lahars is artificial draining of crater lakes. Long-term regional planning can significantly reduce the hazard potential. Disaster reduction measures can contribute to mitigate the impact of the volcanic eruptions. Fatalities and economic losses can be reduced if, associated with a well monitoring system, including Early Warning and land use planning, a culture of prevention is introduced within all levels of the society..

uìdyov fotect peaga e (or ways co profecé se p protect e . Haa .pdf

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Use the Java Thread class to demonstrate the following functionalities: (1) Create five threads; show the id for each thread – getId() (2) Show the use of the following methods (be creative in your code): start(), sleep(), yield(), getState(), setName(), getName(), setPriority(), getPriority() -- Make sure to show threads are processed with different priority (be creative) * As a minimum, discuss the conditions resulted from exceptions – examine the Throws section of each method, to base your code discussions. Solution //start(), sleep(), yield(), setName(), setPriority(), class Demo implements Runnable { public void run() { //Thread State Thread.State state = Thread.currentThread().getState(); //Thread ID System.out.println(\"Thread Id = \" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); //Thread Name System.out.println(\"Thread Name = \" + Thread.currentThread().getName()); //Thread Priority System.out.println(\"Thread Priority = \" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority()); //Thread State Display System.out.println(\"Thread State = \" + state); //Yields the current thread Thread.yield(); //Exception handling try { //Takes the thread to sleep Thread.sleep(2000); } catch(InterruptedException ie) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread()); } } } public class threadDemo { public static void main(String ss[]) { //Creates 5 objects Demo td1 = new Demo(); Demo td2 = new Demo(); Demo td3 = new Demo(); Demo td4 = new Demo(); Demo td5 = new Demo(); //Creates 5 threads and assigns object to it Thread t1 = new Thread(td1); Thread t2 = new Thread(td2); Thread t3 = new Thread(td3); Thread t4 = new Thread(td4); Thread t5 = new Thread(td5); //Sets the name and priority of each thread t1.setName(\"First\"); t1.setPriority(3); t2.setName(\"Second\"); t2.setPriority(6); t3.setName(\"Third\"); t3.setPriority(8); t4.setName(\"Fourth\"); t4.setPriority(1); t5.setName(\"Fifth\"); t4.setPriority(2); //Stats each thread t1.start(); t2.start(); t3.start(); t4.start(); t5.start(); } } Output Thread Id = 12 Thread Name = Third Thread Priority = 8 Thread State = RUNNABLE Thread Id = 14 Thread Id = 11 Thread Name = Fifth Thread Name = Second Thread Priority = 5 Thread Id = 13 Thread Id = 10 Thread Priority = 6 Thread State = RUNNABLE Thread Name = First Thread Priority = 3 Thread State = RUNNABLE Thread Name = Fourth Thread State = RUNNABLE Thread Priority = 2 Thread State = RUNNABLE.

Use the Java Thread class to demonstrate the following functionaliti.pdf

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Turner suppressor genes.... prevent gene expression of oncogenes. prevent release of growth factors. slow down unchecked call growth, diffraction, division, of produce proto-oncogenes. simulate metastasis. Select one: Cause mutations in coils prevent mutations in cell DNA. slow down cell growth, diffraction, division, or Eliminate cancer by simulating the system. None of the above Solution the affect of tumor cells is that, it slows down the cell growth, differentiation , division or adhesion.

Turner suppressor genes.... prevent gene expression of oncogenes. pre.pdf

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This image is a reminder that statistical significant is often set at.pdf

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The lineage that produced chimpanzees and humans split from other primates roughly 30 million years ago Chimpanzees\' skulls have the fossils as old as 10 to 12 million years, is molars with thick enamel Trait B found in fossils as old as 55 million following features: Trait A found in postorbital wall that ventrally separates the orbit from the temporal fossa. Which of the following statements is TRUE? Trait A is more beneficial for chimpanzee survival because it is newer. Trait B is more beneficial for chimpanzee survival because it is older. Trait A is more likely to be widespread among other primate species because it is newer. Trait B is more likely to be widespread among other primate species because it is older. Your classmate shows you the two groups of lizards shown below-each made within the Evolutionary Evidence lab and asks if you can figure out how she made them. Which of the following is most likely? The lizards in Group A were independently designed, in the lizards in Group B were produced by descent with modification from a common ancestor. The lizards in Group A were produced by descent with modification from a common ancestor the lizards in Group B were independently designed. The lizards in both Group A and Group B were produced by descent with modification them common ancestor. It\'s impossible make any inferences on how these lizards were made from the information given. Each of the following graphs shows a hypothetical relationship between the predicted order of trait appearance based on trait nesting (y-axis) and the actual order of the appearance in the fossil record (x axis), for a number of traits among a group of species. Which graph would provide the best evidence that these species arose by descent with modification from a common ancestor? Solution We shall first summarize the given data - 1) Chimpanzees evolved 30 million years ago. 2) Trait A is seen in fossils as old as 10 to 12 million years old. 3) Trait B is seen in fossils as old as 55 million years old. Let us look at each option one by one- A) Trait A is more beneficial to the chimpanzees because it is newer. Although the trait is newr, there is no information in the data to support the claim that the trait is beneficial. Evolution of a new trait need not be always beneficial. Therefore, we cannot accept this statement. B) Trait B is more beneficial for chipanzee survival because it is older This statement could be true, but for the fact that it was found in fossils as old as 55 million years ago. Chimpanzees evolved 30 million years ago. It could very well be possible that the chimpanzees outgrew this trait. Hence we cannot accept this statement. C) Trait A is more likely to be widespread among the primate species because it is newer. This is an incorrect statement. Trait A evolved only 12 million years back. By this time, the lineage of chimpanzees had already separated from the earlier primate species. Therefore, the trait will not be present among oth.

The lineage that produced chimpanzees and humans split from other pri.pdf

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production deviance postconventional level primary stakeholders perso.pdf

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Question 19 (1 point) The DuPont identity breaks down return on equity (ROE) into the following components: profit margin, total asset turnover, and equity multiplier profit margin, total debt ratio, and equity multiplier return on assets (ROA), profit margin, and equity multiplier profit margin, total asset turnover, and total debt ratio current ratio, total asset turnover, and equity multiplier Solution ROE=Net income/Total equity Profit margin=Net income/Sales Total asset turnover=Sales/Total assets Equirty multiplier=Total assets/Total equity Hence ROE=Profit margin*Total asset turnover*Equity multiplier Hence the correct option is A..

Question 19 (1 point) The DuPont identity breaks down return on equit.pdf

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Prepare a 3-4 page, double-spaced paper (cite 3-4 reliable sources) that addresses the following scenario: You are the Director of Continuing Care Services for St. Timothy’s Health Care System, a multilevel system consisting of an array of acute and long-term services. You have been given the task of developing an information system that will track clients over time and place. The system will be used for clinical, financial, and management purposes. • What basic components are essential to the system? • What challenges and barriers do you anticipate will be encountered in planning and implementing the system? • What are the first steps you will take to design the system? • What recent external developments enhance and impede your project? Solution Information System for Health Care System is very complex because it involves three important factors like clinical ,financial and management purpose 1)Clinical Purpose like-It include results of blood lead screening of children under 5 years of age,immunization status and encounter data recording the results of patients visiting for the test of tuberculosis some have negative report others have positive ,if patient with positive report then maintaining there data to monitor and record patient history and sexually transmitted diseases 2)Financial Purpose- I)Payroll: Handles all the recurring and non-recurring payments and deductions for employees. All recurring transactions can be automatically generated each payroll period with non-recurring transactions such as overtime added to the payroll upon approval. It is also possible to maintain employee pay rates, entitlements, full salary movements and payroll histories. II)Patient Accounting: This concentrates on financial transactions generated during a patient’s visit to the hospital. These include inpatient and outpatient charges, doctors’ fees generated across the hospital, the cost of procedures, operations and medications. III)Accounts Payable: Handles the processing of invoices and payments within the hospital. IV)Accounts Receivable: This provides support for and the maintenance of the records of all clients, invoices and payments 3)Management Purpose- c. Resource planning and control – i. An online query facility for answering the number of queries on the availability, scheduling and re – scheduling of the resources and the facilities. ii. For judging the usage of the facilities and to put them in the proper use. d. Medical case history database – i. Knowledge database on the case history for the guidance and the research. ii. Monitoring the effect of the drugs to judge the efficacy in terms of the patient’s response. iii. Analyze the health care demand The 5 components that must come together in order to produce a Information system are: 1.Hardware:The term hardware refers to machinery.This category includes the computer itself, which is often referred to as the central processing unit (CPU), and all of its support equipments. Among the suppor.

Prepare a 3-4 page, double-spaced paper (cite 3-4 reliable sources) .pdf

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need help with this java lab: please read below and follow the steps! Copy and paste the code at the bottom into your ide and go from there, please do not write a whole new program! The purpose of this lab is to give you an opportunity to make use of a stack in the implementation of a backtracking algorithm. This problem is generally referred to as the N Queens problem. The gist of the problem is to create an algorithm which can position N queens on a chess board so none of the queens can attack any other queen. For those of you who may not be familiar with chess, the queen can move horizontally, vertically, and diagonally. In the generalized N Queens problem, N represents the number of rows and columns of the game board and the number of queens that must be placed on the board in safe positions. we will NOT be using recursion in any way to solve this problem. The basic strategy that we will employ to solve this problem is to use backtracking. In this particular case, what backtracking means is that we will make a move that is safe for a queen at the time we make the move, but later on, we may discover that we are stuck and there is no safe move available for the next queen we are trying to place on the board, so we must backtrack. That means we will go back to the previous queen’s move, undo that move, and continue searching for another safe place to put that queen. We will use the stack to remember where we have placed queens on the board and when we need to back up, the queen at the top of the stack will be popped and we will use that queen’s position to resume the search for the next safe location.Stradegy below: There are N rows. When a queen is placed into a row, that row cannot be used by other queens. There are N columns. When a queen is placed into a column, that column cannot be used by other queens. There are 2 sets of diagonals to be concerned with, diagonals running upper left to lower right and diagonals running upper right to lower left. There is a simple mathematical relationship between N and the number of diagonals in each direction. When a queen is placed onto the board, one left to right diagonal is no longer safe for other queens, and one right to left diagonal is no longer safe for other queens. Our approach to placing the queens on the board will be to use nested loops. As an example the outer loop will be in control of which column we are currently searching for a spot to place a queen. So, the first queen we place will be in column 0, and when the outer loop has completed we will have placed N queens on the board, one in each column. The inner loop will iterate through the rows, from 0 to N-1 until it finds a row R such that row R is not taken by another queen, AND the 2 diagonals which intersect row R and the current column are not taken by another queen. IF we find such a safe location, we push the current row, column value onto a stack. Note: we can use the Java Point class to store the row and column numbers in th.

need help with this java lab please read below and follow the steps.pdf

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Place all the characteristics of living organisms the answer box. Characteristics shared by all living organisms Some machines and computers accomplish tasks that make them seem somewhat like living organisms, yet it is clear that these things are not living organisms. What characteristics do living organisms have that make them alive? Solution Living organism have the following charecteristics. Q.2 computers or rather robots imitate organism like behaviour but there are few things which keeps living organism apart like the capacity to reproduce,feel, think (not the preloaded program)..

Place all the characteristics of living organisms the answer box. Ch.pdf

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LABELING ACTIVITY 2 (Rs 1-10) 10 10. 12. 13 14, 15 16 62 circulatory system: Blood vessels l Laboratory 4 12 11-16 Solution 1.Celiac artery. 2.Common hepatic artery. 3.Right renal artery. 4.Abdominal aorta. 5.Renal artery. 6.Common iliac artery. 7.Internal iliac artery. 8.External iliac artery. 9.Deep femoral artery. 10.Popliteal artery. 11.Hepatic vein. 12.Renal vein. 13.Common iliac vein. 14.Internal iliac vein. 15.External iliac vein. 16.Femoral vein.

LABELING ACTIVITY 2 (Rs 1-10) 10 10. 12. 13 14, 15 16 62 circulatory .pdf

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Of 10 fish in a pond 4 are tagged. If three fish are caught and not thrown back into the pond what is the probability that fewer than two of them are tagged? Solution Binomial Distribution PMF of B.D is = f ( k ) = ( n k ) p^k * ( 1- p) ^ n-k Where k = number of successes in trials n = is the number of independent trials p = probability of success on each trial tagged (p) = 4/10 = 0.4 P( X < 2) = P(X=1) + P(X=0) = ( 3 1 ) * 0.4^1 * ( 1- 0.4 ) ^2 + ( 3 0 ) * 0.4^0 * ( 1- 0.4 ) ^3 = 0.648.

Of 10 fish in a pond 4 are tagged. If three fish are caught and not .pdf

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package buttongui; import static com.sun.deploy.config.JREInfo.clear; import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.event.ActionEvent; import javafx.event.EventHandler; import javafx.scene.Scene; import javafx.scene.control.Button; import javafx.scene.control.Menu; import javafx.scene.control.MenuBar; import javafx.scene.control.MenuItem; import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane; import javafx.scene.layout.FlowPane; import javafx.scene.layout.StackPane; import javafx.stage.Stage; public class ButtonGUI extends Application implements EventHandler { @Override public void start(Stage primaryStage) { btn.setText(\"Find\"); btn.setOnAction(this); btn1.setText(\"Clear\"); btn1.setOnAction(this); btn2.setText(\"Exit\"); btn2.setOnAction(this); FlowPane flow = new FlowPane(); flow.getChildren().addAll(btn,btn1,btn2); BorderPane border = new BorderPane(); border.setCenter(flow); Scene scene = new Scene(border, 300,250); primaryStage.setTitle(\"ButtonGUI\"); primaryStage.setScene(scene); primaryStage.show(); } @Override public void handle(ActionEvent event) { String tx =\"Hello world\"; System.out.println(tx); if(btn2 == event.getSource()){ System.out.println(\"Exit Pressed\"); System.exit(0); } } public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { launch(args); } } Simple Exit & Clear Events) Add the Exit Event to your ButtonsGUI. Make it so that when the user clicks on the Exit button, the application ends. Add the Clear Event to your ButtonsGUI. Make it so that when the user clicks on the Clear button, the Text on all the Buttons is cleared. please solve the clear button so that when the user clicks on the Clear button, the Text on all the Buttons is cleared. thanks Solution Follow below steps to Add the Exit Event to your Buttons GUI: 1. Right Click on the Exit button and choose Events --> Action --> ActionPerformed. 2. The IDE will automatically add an ActionListener to the Exit button and generate a handler method for handling the listener\'s actionPerformed method. 3. The IDE will open up the Source Code window and scroll to where you implement the action you want the button to do when the button is pressed. 4. Add code for what we want the Exit Button to do. You will have to type System.exit(0); 5. Your final Exit button code should look like this: private void jButton3ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { System.exit(0); } Follow below steps to Add the Clear Event to your Buttons GUI: In below example the text in two of our jTextFields will clear, it is overwriting the existing Text with a blank. 1. Click on the Design tab at the top of your work area to go back to the Form Design 2. Right Click on the Clear button (jButton1). From the pop-up menu select Events --> Action -- > ActionPerformed. 3. Your final source code will be: private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) { jTextField1.setText(\"\"); jTextField2.setText(\"\"); } Note: You can add as many jTextField depending upon number of buttons y.

package buttongui; import static com.sun.deploy.config.JREInf.pdf

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Mr. Jones is admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of heart failure. He has +3 peripheral edema of the lower extremities. What are the possible causes of his peripheral edema? Solution Peripheral edema is edema in tissue perfused by the peripheral vascular system usually in the lower limbs. In the most dependent parts of the body, it may be called dependent edema. The condition is commonly associated with aging, but can be caused by many other conditions including congestive heart failure trauma alcohlism altitude sickness pregnancy hypertension sickle cell anemia compromised lymphatic system or merely long periods of time sitting or standing without moving. Some medicines may also cause or worsen the condition. Successful treatment depends on control of the underlying cause. Service swelling can cause permanent damage to nerves resulting in peripheral neuropathy. Many cases from temporary or minor cause resolve on their on, with no lasting damage..

Mr. Jones is admitted to the hospital with an exacerbation of heart .pdf

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How was the Declaration of Independence organized? What practical purpose did the organization serve? What did each part seek to accomplish? Solution 1.How organization independence works and how each part seek to accomplish The Declaration of Independence is organized into several sections, each serving a different purpose. There are generally considered to be five parts of the Declaration of Independence, according to the National Archives\' description on its website. But many persons have critiqued the document and some feel that there are any number of different parts. In view of the discrepancy on what, in one sense, is just a matter of opinion depending on the person giving it, I will go with the National Archives\' opinion and leave it to readers to form their own opinions. The parts are: 1. The Introduction . This is the opening paragraph; a single sentence beginning with \"We the People...\" It is sometime erroneously referred to as the Preamble, probably because the opening paragraph of the US Constitution is referred to as the Preamble to the Constitution. 2. The Preamble . The second paragraph, which begins with \"We hold theses truths to be self- evident. The Preamble sets the logic al argument that people have rights, that people form governments to secure those rights and when a government becomes destructive of those rights, the people have a right and a duty to throw off that government. 3. The Indictment of King George III . The list of wrongs the King has done to show the ways in which the King has abused the rights of the colonists. 4. The Denunciation of the British people . A statement announcing not only the separation of colonial government from British government, but colonial people from British people. 5. Conclusion . The Declaration of Independence from the King and his British peoples is the only logical conclusion to be taken from the above. 2.Purpose of the organization independence The main purpose of America\'s Declaration of Independence was to explain to foreign nations why the colonies had chosen to separate themselves from Great Britain. The Revolutionary War had already begun, and several major battles had already taken place. The American colonies had already cut most major ties to England, and had established their own congress, currency, army, and post office. On June 7, 1776, at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Richard Henry Lee voiced a resolution that the United States should be completely free of England\'s influence, and that all political ties between the two countries should be dissolved. Congress agreed and began plans to publish a formal declaration of independence and appointed a committee of five members to draft the declaration..

How was the Declaration of Independence organized What practical pu.pdf

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For countless generations the Cornpone\'s have been known for their extraordinarily flamboyant behavior. When Reverend Eustis Cornpone (who is 90 years old) shows up, expect to see him doing a dozen handstands, one right after the other.” (Name the fallacy) Solution Cherry picking (suppressed evidence, incomplete evidence) – act of pointing at individual cases or data that seem to confirm a particular position, while ignoring a significant portion of related cases or data that may contradict that position Cherry picking fallacy under faulty generalization.

For countless generations the Cornpones have been known for their .pdf

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Find the indicated area under the standard normal curve. Between z = 0.12 and z =0.12 Solution Normal Distribution Mean ( u ) =0 Standard Deviation ( sd )=1 Normal Distribution = Z= X- u / sd ~ N(0,1) To find P(a < = Z < = b) = F(b) - F(a) P(X < -0.12) = (-0.12-0)/1 = -0.12/1 = -0.12 = P ( Z <-0.12) From Standard Normal Table = 0.45224 P(X < 0.12) = (0.12-0)/1 = 0.12/1 = 0.12 = P ( Z <0.12) From Standard Normal Table = 0.54776 P(-0.12 < X < 0.12) = 0.54776-0.45224 = 0.0955.

Find the indicated area under the standard normal curve. Between z =.pdf

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errno is an integer variable, defined in errno.h, that is set by system calls and some library functions in the event of an error to indicate what went wrong. There are symbolic error names with distinct values that are defined on Linux. Each of which corresponds to a type of error. The string description of any of these error names can be retrieved by strerror defined in string.h. For example, the error name “ENFILE” has the string description “Too many open files in system”, and “ENOEXEC” has the string description “Exec format error”,and so. In addition, perror defined in stdio.h prints the description of a system error on the standard error device preceded by any string that you provide and colons. Answer the following questions using a table format. a. What are the error names and descriptions of the fork system call. b. List all error names and descriptions specifically related to file I/O. Solution a) b) In some Unix systems, many system calls can also return EFAULT if given as an argument a pointer into the stack, and the kernel for some obscure reason fails in its attempt to extend the stack. If this ever happens, you should probably try using statically or dynamically allocated memory instead of stack memory on that system. Error Codes The error code macros are defined in the header file `errno.h\'. All of them expand into integer constant values. Some of these error codes can\'t occur on the GNU system, but they can occur using the GNU library on other systems. Macro: int EPERM Operation not permitted; only the owner of the file (or other resource) or processes with special privileges can perform the operation. Macro: int ENOENT No such file or directory. This is a \"file doesn\'t exist\" error for ordinary files that are referenced in contexts where they are expected to already exist. Macro: int ESRCH No process matches the specified process ID. Macro: int EINTR Interrupted function call; an asynchronous signal occurred and prevented completion of the call. When this happens, you should try the call again. You can choose to have functions resume after a signal that is handled, rather than failing with EINTR; see section Primitives Interrupted by Signals. Macro: int EIO Input/output error; usually used for physical read or write errors. Macro: int ENXIO No such device or address. The system tried to use the device represented by a file you specified, and it couldn\'t find the device. This can mean that the device file was installed incorrectly, or that the physical device is missing or not correctly attached to the computer. Macro: int E2BIG Argument list too long; used when the arguments passed to a new program being executed with one of the exec functions (see section Executing a File) occupy too much memory space. This condition never arises in the GNU system. Macro: int ENOEXEC Invalid executable file format. This condition is detected by the exec functions; see section Executing a File. Macro: int EBADF Bad file descriptor; fo.

errno is an integer variable, defined in errno.h, that is set by sys.pdf

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During hibernation the ground squirrel has periodic arousals and normothermia. Mechanistically, what is happening during those periods, and why do you think they happen? Solution Hibernating mammal is conscious in the spring and summer its brain remains resilient to the sort of air deprivation and neuronal damage that frequently result from heart attacks and stroke. When little mammals first developed hibernation, their energy-hungry heads were put in an impossible condition: survive half the season with minimal air or nutrition and arise from the complete experience unscathed. Plainly, hibernation didn\'t destroy the brain—it just managed to get stronger. Environmental heat that does not trigger increased or frustrated task of body cells. Surface squirrels don\'t drop in body heat significantly throughout hibernation or do they enter periodic bouts of arousal. Rather, they stay in gentle continuous hibernation in every winter. Without sporadic arousals to clear hyperphosphorylated tau from their heads, hibernating squirrels tiptoe perilously shut to neurodegeneration, but somehow control to reverse the damage when they awaken in the spring..

During hibernation the ground squirrel has periodic arousals and nor.pdf

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Distinguish between cellular and acellular. Give examples of microorganisms in each category. Describe the distinguishing features of each type of cell. What are the three domains of life? Describe features of each domain. Escherichia coli is a bacterial species. Identify the genus and the species. Escherichia coli has different strains. What is the significance of the strain designation? What contributes to the emergence and/or re-emergence of infectious diseases? Define the divisions of microbiology: bacteriology, mycology, virology, parasitology, serology, molecular biology. The following made significant contributions to the field of microbiology, identify the contribution of each: Leeuwenhoek, Holmes, Semmelweis, Lister, Pasteur, Koch, Jenner Solution 2.Unicellular organism is made up of one cell, a being with a cell wall, that gets along fine on its own (like amoebas, protozoa or bacteria that usually move about all on their own) or which could get along fine on its own (like yeasts or algae, which usually grow in bunches or strings).Acellular organisms do not divide into discrete cells following the division of the nucleus - they just carry on growing and producing more nuclei.Eg:Viruses, viroids, satellites, plasmids, phagemids, cosmids, transposons and prions. 3. please specify the cells,in human or microbes? 4.The three domains of life are: (a)EUKARYOTA The Eukaryota include the organisms that most people are most familiar with - all animals, plants, fungi, and protists. They also include the vast majority of the organisms that paleontologists work with. Although they show unbelievable diversity in form, they share fundamental characteristics of cellular organization, biochemistry, and molecular biology. Eg: dinoflagellate,single-celled photosynthetic protist; plants; animals; and fungi. (b)BACTERIA Bacteria are often maligned as the causes of human and animal disease (like this one, Leptospira, which causes serious disease in livestock). However, certain bacteria, the actinomycetes, produce antibiotics such as streptomycin and nocardicin; others live symbiotically in the guts of animals (including humans) or elsewhere in their bodies, or on the roots of certain plants, converting nitrogen into a usable form. Bacteria put the tang in yogurt and the sour in sourdough bread; bacteria help to break down dead organic matter; bacteria make up the base of the food web in many environments. Bacteria are of such immense importance because of their extreme flexibility, capacity for rapid growth and reproduction, and great age - the oldest fossils known, nearly 3.5 billion years old, are fossils of bacteria-like organisms. (c)ARCHEA Archaeans include inhabitants of some of the most extreme environments on the planet. Some live near rift vents in the deep sea at temperatures well over 100 degrees Centigrade. Others live in hot springs, or in extremely alkaline or acid waters. They have been found thriving inside the digestive tracts of cows, t.

Distinguish between cellular and acellular. Give examples of microorg.pdf

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