1. In your own words, explain why foraging on wild cherry flowers is.pdf

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1. In your own words, explain why foraging on wild cherry flowers is beneficial for bumblebees in warm weather but not in cold weather. 2. Mammals have brains that are more complex than those of fish and amphibians, particularly in terms of expansion of the cerebral cortex. Does this increased complexity make mammals more advanced and fish and amphibians more primitive? Why or why not? Solution Foraging on wild cherry flowers is beneficial for bumblebees in warm weather but not in cold weather. Cherries require bees to move pollen within and between flowers to achieve pollination. Bumblebees are vegetarian and get their food from flowers. They would die of starvation without flowers. They collect pollen and nectar in warm and store relatively small quantities of honey. Mammals have brains that are more complex than those of fish and amphibians, particularly in terms of expansion of the cerebral cortex. The main part of a mammal’s brain is the cerebrum, which allows for very efficient processing and complex sensory functions.In a human, the cerebral cortex contains approximately 15–33 billion neurons,each connected by synapses to several thousand other neurons. These neurons communicate with one another by means of long protoplasmic fibers called axons, which carry trains of signal pulses called action potentials to distant parts of the brain or body targeting specific recipient cells. increased complexity make mammals more advanced and fish and amphibians more primitive as Mammals have the highest brain to body size ratio, meaning that they can have very complex interactions with the environment..

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how do mutations in the DNA sequence affect this type of restriction enzyme analysis how do mutations in the DNA sequence affect this type of restriction enzyme analysis how do mutations in the DNA sequence affect this type of restriction enzyme analysis Solution A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotides sequences known as restriction sites. These enzymes are routinely used for DNA modification in Laboratories and or a vital tool in molecular cloning. Restriction enzymes are used to digest genomic DNA gene analysis by southern blot this technique allows researchers to identify how many copies of a gene are present in the genome of one individual or how many gene mutations have occured within a population. Restriction enzyme digestion has played and continuous to play a major role in analysing the genetic changes in Cancer the availability of 200 different restriction enzymes is recognising different sequences in DNA has been invaluable in studying cancer genetics.Due to mutations in the DNA sequence the chances of these studies are minimised definitely..

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Fill out the following table, using examples were appropriate. Solution CharacteristicLiverwortsMossesHorsetailsFernsBody formFlattened thallusUprightUpright Above ground, flat/uprightPresence of Roots, Stems and leavesYes, stems and leaves not clearly differentiated Yes, allYes, Leaves reduced, usually non-photosyntheticYes, allMethod of asexual reproductionGemmae and tips of forked thalli give rise to progenyGemmaevegetative, via rhizomessporophyte, diploidMethod of sexual reproductionMale organs: Antheridia Female organs: Archegonia, Production of male and female gametes; male sperms swim towards female eggs for fertilizationMale organs: Antheridia Female organs: Archegonia, Production of male and female gametes; male sperms swim towards female eggs for fertilization, formation of sporophyte after fertilizationspores germinate to form male and female prothallifree-living gametophyte, haploid. Union of gametes to produce offspring.

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Does human DNA possess operons? Solution Answer: Operons (clusters of co-regulated genes with related functions) are a well-known feature of prokaryotic genomes. Polycistronic transcription is a characteristic of bacteria and archaea, where many of the genes are clustered in operons composed of two to more genes. The genes of eukaryotes (including humans) are generally considered to be monocistronic, each with its own promoter at the 5\' end and a transcription terminator at the 3\' end. However, it has recently become clear that not all eukaryotic genes are transcribed monocistronically. Functional gene clustering also occurs in eukaryotes, from yeasts to filamentous fungi, mammals, nematodes, and plants. These gene clusters therefore represent functional gene organizations with operon-like features, although the genes are not usually transcribed as a single mRNA as is the case in prokaryotes. Like bacterial operons, eukaryotic operons often result in co-expression of functionally related proteins. Thus, human DNA possess operon like properties but not the ideal operon system present in prokaryotes..

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