This document summarizes common physiological and nutritional disorders in rose, lily, and chrysanthemum flowers. For roses, it describes blind shoots, bent necks, bull heads, and balling as physiological disorders, and iron and boron deficiencies as nutritional disorders. For lilies, it discusses bud blasting, leaf scorch, and folder ears physiologically, and nitrogen and calcium deficiencies nutritionally. Chrysanthemum disorders covered are leaf spots, powdery mildew, and gray mould physiologically, and iron and copper deficiencies nutritionally. The causes, symptoms, and impacts of each disorder are described.

1. PHYSIOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL
DISORDERS IN FLOWER CROPS
BY SAKTHIVEL.P
SUBJECT CODE : FSC 101
COURE NAME : PRINCIPLES OF
HORTICULTURE

2. ROSE
PHYSIOLOGICALDISORDER
NUTRITIONALDISORDER
1.Iron
2.Boron
1.Blind shoots
2.Bent necks
3.Bull head
4.Balling

3. Blind shoot
Blind shoot may be defined as a stem that fails to
develop a bud. It is a non flowering growth that
must be removed to enable the plant to expend
its energy on creating flowersrather than foliage
It was found that temperature lower than 15
degree Celsius increased number of blind shoots.
Bent neck
Bent neck is a physiological disorder characterized by the
bending of stems of cut rose flowers after harvesting .

4. Bent neck results from a variety of reasons like, too
soft growth, premature bud harvest and excessive
water loss during handling.
Bull head
Bull head is also a common physiological disorder in
roses observed mainly in low temperature during
night. It occurs due to abnormal production of
cytokinins and gibberellins, the hormones responsible
for
cell elongation and stem elongation.

5. Balling
The inability of a bud to open into a bloom due to excess
moisture causing the petals to stick together is called
balling. It usually occurs in areas with cool, damp
nights. Roses with many petals are more susceptible
to balling.

6. NUTRITIONAL DISORDER
IRON
SYMPTOMS
Slow growth and wilting of
plants
Necrosis at leaf margins
Thin leaves and stunted growth
BORON
SYMPTOMS
Decrease in flowers
Malformed buds and petals
Excessively branched

7. LILLY
PHYSIOLOGICALDISORDER
NUTRITIONALDISORDER
1.Nitrogen
2.Calcium
1.Bud blasting and abscission
2.Leaf scorch
3.Folder ears

8. Bud blasting
This may occur at any stage of bud development. Bud
abortion also occurs in the late spring and the early
summer due to high temperature.
Bud blasting is characterized by a weathering and bleaching
of the flower bud, followed by necrosis and bud drop.
It is also known as leaf burn and tip burn.
Scorch is noticed at the critical visible bud stage and will
produce white bands across the leaves that eventually
become necrotic.
Leaf Scorch

9. This necrotic tissue can serve as starting point for
disease development, such as botrytis.
Folder ears
The basal lobes of the flowers are not fully unfolded in
this disorder. The problem probably occurs during
the early stage. There is no known solution

10. NUTRITIONAL DISORDER
CALCIUM
NITROGEN
As symptoms progressed, the lower leaves were yellow, leaf
loss occurred, and overall the leaf size was smaller
Plants grown under nitrogen (N) deficient conditions were 40%
less in dry weight than the control plants. C
Calcium deficiency manifested as brown spots on
the distal tips of the upper leaves.
As the disorder progressed, the spots grew larger.
Also, some young flowerbuds become brown and aborted
and large flower buds abscised

11. PHYSIOLOGICALDISORDER
NUTRITIONALDISORDER
1.Iron
2.Copper
1.Leaf spots
2.Powdery mildew
3.Gray mould

12. Leaf spots
Symptoms first appear as yellow spots which turn brown to black.
Spots often occur on lower leaves first and can coalesce into
large necrotic areas and finally death of the entire leaf.
Powdery mildew
It is characterized by a white to ash-gray powdery growth on
leaves and occasionally stems. Leaves may become distorted;
severely infected leaves will shrivel and die. The disease is most
serious during hot, humid weather

13. It may occur on petals, leaves, or stem cankers
as brown, water-soaked spots.
Infected plant parts may be covered with gray to brown,
powdery masses of spores. Infected buds fail to open.
Gray mold is favored by extended periods of
cloudy, humid, wet weather.
The pathogen gains a foothold in small wounds, then
progresses to cause disease in healthy tissues.
GRAY MOULD

14. NUTRITIONAL DISORDER
IRON
COPPER
The leaves become small and thin
Interveinal chlorosis in young leaves during early
stages and are yellowish.
Petal curve upwards
Few flower buds opened completely
Loss of turgidity

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