project ppt

1. ARCHA ANIL
M.Sc Botany
Reg. No.140011004792
Catholicate college Pathanamthitta

2. Medicinal plants
 Medicinal plants constitute an important natural wealth of a
country.
 90% of the world's population use medicinal plants as
medicines
 Plants have been used in treating human diseases for
thousands of years.
 25% of modern pharmaceutical drugs contain plant
ingredients

3.  CLASS -:Dicotyledonae
 Subclass -:polypetalae
 Series -:Bicarpellatae
 Order -:personales
 Family -:Acanthaceae
 Genus -:Andrographis
 Species -:paniculata

4.  Hindi :Kiryat , Kirayat
 English :Chiretta plant
 Malayalam: Kiriyath , Nilavepp
 Sanskrit:kiratatikta,Kandatikta,Bhoonimba

5.  Is an important medicinal plant and widely used around the
world .this is an annual erect plant reaches height 60-
125cm,branching ,cylindrical belw and four angled upwards,
ovate leave greenish yellow ,tingled purple in large leafy plant
 It is known by different names such as kiratatikta , kandatikta
, bhoonimba , Tiktaka , Nilavepp.
 it is an excellent the stomach and promoting the Action
remedy for strengthening
 .It is used in the treatment of dyspepsia and diarrhea. It
stimulate the digestion and helps to normalize blood suger ,
which makes it useful for diabetics.
 This herb reduce the sugar levels only when they are high,
Which lowers the risk of hypoglycemia. The bitterness of the
herb stimulates the saliva and gastric juices which help stop
nausea, bloating indigestion and hiccups.
About the plant

6. There are substances that can reduce the activity of
genotoxins. These are Antigenotoxins
Genotoxins are substances that alter the structure of DNA.

7. 1. Evaluation of anti- genotoxic effect of leaf extract of
Andrographis paniculata
2. Evaluation of anti- genotoxic effect of Stem extract of
Andrographis paniculata
3. Evaluation of anti- genotoxic effect of root extract of
Andrographis paniculata

8.  Plant collection: Plants were shade dried and powdered (leaf
,stem , root separately)
 Onion bulbs
 positive control (C+ve)-onion root in 7% H2O2 (1h)
 negative control (C-ve)-germinated in distilled water (72 h)
 onion bulb germinate in distilled water-24h
 onion bulbs were placed on different concentrations of (leaf,
stem,root) extracts (Ex1-Ex4)-24h
 washed and the onion bulbs were placed on distilled water-
24h

9.  Onion bulbs germinated in distilled water- 24 hours.
 After 24 hours, onion bulbs were treated with 7% H2O2 -1 hour.
 Onion bulbs were treated with seven different concentrations of
(leaf,stem,root) extracts (Hex1, Hex2, Hex3, Hex4, ) - 24 hours
 Onion bulbs were placed in distilled water -24 hours.
 The roots fixed-carnoy’s fluid
 Mitotic slides are prepered using acetocarmine

11.  There was significant difference in
root number and root length between the
control groups and treatment groups.
 The average root length in treatment groups
were significantly lower than the negative and
positive controls.
 The negative control showed normal mitotic
divisions

12. Sl no concentration No of roots Average length of roots
1 C-ve(D.H2O) 34 1.61
2 C+ve(H2O2 29 1.50
3 Ex1 19 0.93
4 EX2 17 1.38
5 Ex3 19 1.43
6 Ex4 30 1.46
7 HEx1 23 1.49
8 HEx2 24 1.56
9 HEx3 24 1.58
10 HEx4 22 0.92

13. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
MITOTICINDEX

14. sl.n0 concentration No of roots Average lengh of roots
1 c-ve(D.H 20 1.5
2 c+ve 19 1.42
3 EX1 16 0.9
4 Ex2 24 0.63
5 Ex3 26 1.31
6 EX4 29 1.4
7 HEX1 30 1.8
8 HEX2 20 1.23
9 HEX3 18 1.8
10 HEX4 16 sss

15. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Mitotic index

16. Sl no Concentration No of roots Average length ot the roots
1 C-ve(D.H2O) 21 1.43
2 C+ve(H2o2) 16 1.32
3 Ex1 11 0.43
4 EX2 14 0.45
5 EX3 14 1.32
6 EX4 11 1.34
7 HEX1 13 1.21
8 HEX2 14 1.18
9 HEX3 13 0.69
10 HEX4 11 0.76

17. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Mtoticindex

18.  Different stages
in mitosis
observed in roots
grown in distilled
water

19. concentration Total no cells No.of
dividing cells
% of aberration
Interphase prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
C+ve 96 65 40 24 3 4 0
c-ve 78 54 38 20 2 3 0
Ex1 64 54 39 17 4 2 0
EX2 61 48 29 14 3 0 0
EX3 70 55 39 19 1 0 0
EX4 77 58 33 11 0 3 0
HEX1 88 64 44 12 2 0 0
HEX2 98 73 52 15 1 1 0
HEX3 76 65 48 18 0 1 0
HEX4 84 69 46 11 0 3 0

20. concentrat
ion
Total no of
cells
Noof
dividing
cells
% of aberration
Interphase prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
C+ve(D.
H2O)
85 66 32 3 4 0 0
C-
ve(H2O2
)
74 43 18 10 2 1 0
Ex1 82 44 24 14 2 0 0
Ex2 77 41 16 11 1 0 0
Ex3 66 44 14 8 0 0 0
Ex4 90 60 24 11 0 1 0
HEx1 82 63 32 14 3 0 0
HEx2 70 43 19 11 2 0 0
HEx3 82 53 24 14 4 0 0
HEx4 75 45 23 9 3 0 0

21. Concentrati
on
Total no of
cells
No of
dividing
cells
% of aberration
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
C+ve(D.
H2O)
96 75 45 2 3 3 0
C-
ve(H2O2
)
110 90 53 8 7 0 0
Ex1 80 65 32 2 2 0 0
Ex2 65 38 18 3 1 1 0
Ex3 77 46 14 0 0 1 0
Ex4 87 62 11 0 0 0 0
HEx1 98 72 8 0 1 0 0
HEx2 86 69 7 1 0 0 0
HEx3 77 58 8 2 0 0 0
HEx4 85 53 22 2 1 0 0

23.  In leaf treatment groups, Interphase lowest percentage of
aberration was observed with Ex2
 various concentrations of HEx(Extract treatment after H2O2
treatment),Highest percentage of aberration, was noticed with
HEx2 and lowest in HEX1
 lowest percentage of aberration among extract treatment
group was noticed in EX4 and it was increased with EX1 and
EX3
 in various HEx groups highest percentage of In metaphase
and Anaphase are very low percentage of aberration.
Telophase, which do not show aberration.aberration was
noticed with HEx3 and lowest was found with HEx4. ,

24.  In interphase among stem treatment groups lowest
percentage of aberration was observed with Ex3, highest
percentage of aberration was observed with Ex1
 various concentrations of HEx(extract treatment after
H2O2treatment),highest percentage of aberration ,was noticed
with HEx1 . In various HEx groups highest percentage of
aberration was noticed with HEx4.
 In prophase the lowest percentage of aberration among
extract treatment was noticed in Ex3 and it was increased
with Ex1. In various HEx groups highest percentage of
aberration was noticed with HEx4
 In metaphase and anaphase are very low percentage of
aberration. Telophase , which do not show aberration
and lowest with HEx2.

25.  In root treatment groups, interphase lowest percentage of
aberration was observed with Ex4, highest percentage of
aberration was observed with concentration of Ex1
 various concentration HEx highest percentage of
aberration,was noticed with HEx4.
 In prophase, the lowest percentage aberration among extract
treatment group was noticed in Ex3 and Ex4 and lowest with
HEx2.
 In various HEx groups highest percentage in HEx3 and HEx4
and lowest was found with.
 In metaphase and anaphase are very low percentage of
aberration. Telophase which do not show the aberration.
HEx1 and HEx2

26.  The anti-mitotic and anti genotoxic effects
of Andrographis paniculata plant extracts
were evaluated
 The effects of plant extracts(of varying
concentrations) were observed.
 Chromosomal aberrations like lesion ,Double
lesion ,giant cells, and polar nuclei were
noticed in various treatment groups and
control.

27. THANK YOU