The Presidency and The Evolving of America

The Presidency and The
Evolving of America

Slide Colors:
 Blue
 Red
 Green
 Democratic
 Republican
 Whig

Before George Washington
 1787-1789

Constitution
Legislative Powers
Vested In Congress-
Congress Makes the
Laws

Constitution
Article One-The House
House of Representatives:
Must be 25 years old
Number of them apportioned by the
Census according to the latest count
Every state has at least 1
Representative
Vacancies Filled by Special Elections
called by Governors

Constitution
Article One
2 Senators Per State
• Must be at least 30
years old
• Vacancies can be filled
by Gubernatorial
Appointment

Constitution-
The Presidency
 Article II
 A four year term
 Must be a Natural Born Citizen
 President gets paid by salary only
 The “Emoluments Clause-no profiting
off the office of the Presidency while
President
 Includes the Oath of Office

Constitution-
The Judiciary
 Article III
 Judicial Power (The Supreme Courts
and any Inferior Courts Established by
Congr3ess
 Covers cases in both law and equity
 Covers Treaties and Ambassadors
 Controversies Between Two States
 Admiralty Cases

Constitution-
Full Faith and Credit Clause
 Article Six
 Each state recognizes the legal acts of
other states
 Also every state recognizes the citizens
rights from other states
 No new states can be created out of other
states without the consent of the
legislatures involved
 Congress admits new states

Constitution-
Full Faith and Credit Clause
 Article 4
 Congress can make laws regarding
territories
 All states are to be a republican form of
government
 Also every state recognizes the citizens
rights from other states
 No new states can be created out of
other states without the consent of the
legislatures involved
 Congress admits new states

Constitution
 Article 5-Amending The Constitution
 Congress can propose an Amendment with
2/3rds of both houses
 2/3rd of States can propose a Constitutional
Amendment, and Amendments from which
can be ratified with 3/4ths of the state
legislatures
 No state can be deprived of Equal Suffrage
without its consent

Constitution
 Article 6
 All Revolutionary Debts entered prior
to ratification are considered valid
 Constitution considered Supreme Law
of the land, and Judges are bound by
it.
 No religious Test for Public Office

Constitution
 After 9 of the Original Colonies voted
for the Constitution, it became the
Supreme Law of the Land.

1787
 1 (1787)
 Delaware
 (Dover)
 Original Colony
 1 Representative (2010)
 Eastern Time Zone

1787
 2 )1787
 Pennsylvania
 (Harrisburg)
 Original Colony
 18 Representatives (2010)

1787
 3 New Jersey
 (Trenton)
 Original Colony

1788
 4 Georgia
 (Atlanta)
 Original Colony
 Confederate State

1788
 5 Connecticut
 (Hartford)
 Original Colony

1788
 6 Massachusetts
 (Boston)
 Original Colony

1788
 7 Maryland
 (Annapolis)
 Original Colony

1788
 8 South Carolina
 (Columbia)
 Original Colony

1788
 9. New Hampshire
 (Concord)
 Original Colony

1788
 10. Virginia
 (Richmond)
 Original Colony

1788
 11. (1788)
 New York
 (Albany)
 Original Colony

George Washington (No
Party)
• 1789-1797
• VP: John Adams
• Military: General of the Colonial Army
• First Lady: Martha Washington
•

1789-1797
 12. (1789)
 North Carolina
 (Raleigh)
 Original Colony

1789-1797
 13. (1790)
 Rhode Island
 (Providence)
 Original Colony

1789-1797
 14. (1791)
 Vermont
 (Montpelier)
 1 Representative (2010)

1789-1797
 15. (1796)
 Kentucky
 (Frankfort)
 Eastern Time Zone & Central Time
Zone

1789-1797
 16. (1796)
 Tennessee
 (Nashville)
 Confederate State (1861-1865)
 Central Time Zone

1789-1797
 First Amendment (1791)
Freedom of the Press, of Religion, of
Assembly
Government cannot make laws that
establish religion or prohibit the free
expression thereof
Right to petition government peacefully
Bill of Rights

1789-1797
 Second Amendment (1791)
Militia and the Right to Bear Arms-
interpreted as the right of
Bill of Rights

1789-1797
 Third Amendment (1791)
 No Quartering of Troops
In Private Homes Without Permission in
Times of Peace
Bill of Rights

1789-1797
 Fourth Amendment(1791)
 Defense Against Unreasonable
Searches and Seizures
 Warrant of probable cause needed for
a search
 Evidence received illegally can be
excluded.
Bill of Rights

1789-1797
 Fifth Amendment (1791)
No Person to be held without indictment
for a capital crime
No double jeopardy
Cannot be forced to testify against oneself
Cannot be deprived of liberty or money
without due process
Government cannot take property for use
without compensation
 Bill of Rights

1789-1797
 Sixth Amendment (1791)
Right to a speedy and public trial in the
place where the crime was committed
and to be informed of the charge and to
confront witnesses against one.
 Bill of Rights

1789-1797
 Seventh Amendment(1791)
Suits in Common Law-Right of Trial By
Jury
Courts cannot overturn a jury’s finding
of fact
 Bill of Rights

1789-1797
 Eighth Amendment(1791)
No Excessive Bail
 Bill of Rights

1789-1797
 Ninth Amendment(1791)
Preservation of Unremunerated Rights
 Bill of Rights

1789-1797
 Tenth Amendment(1791)
Federal Government has only rights
delegated to it by the Constitution
 Bill of Rights

1789-1797
 Eleventh Amendment(1795)
States Immune from Lawsuits from out
of state citizens and foreigners not living
in state

2. John Adams (Democratic
Republican)
 1797-1801
 VP; Thomas Jefferson
 MI: No Military
 FL: Abigail Adams

3. Thomas Jefferson(Democratic
Republican)
 1801-1809
 VP; Aaron Burr (1801-1805)
 George Clinton (1805-1809)
 MI: No Military
 FL: No First Lady

1801-1809
 12th Amendment: 1804
 President and Vice President Run and
Are Elected as a Ticket
 Prior to this Amendment, President and
Vice President were first and second
place-
 Both members of the ticket cannot be
from the same state or they forfeit that
states electoral votes
 Specifies procedures for electing
President and Vice President when no
one has a majority of electoral votes.

1801-1809
 17.(1803)
 Ohio
 (Columbus)
 16 Representatives

4. James Madison(Democratic
Republican)
 1809-1817
 VP: George Clinton (1809-1812)
 MI: Committee of Public Safety-
Orange City Militia
 FL: Dolley Madison

1809-1817
 18)
 (1812)
 Louisiana
 (Baton Rouge)
 6 Representative
 Central Time Zone

1809-1817
 19)
 (1816)
 Indiana
 (Indianapolis)
 Eastern and Central Standard Time

1817-1825
20)
(1817)
Mississippi
(Jackson)
 Central Standard Time

1817-1825
21.(1818)
Illinois
(Springfield)

1817-1825
22. (1819)
Alabama
(Montgomery)

1817-1825
23. (1820)
Maine
(Augusta)

1817-1825
24. (1821)
Missouri
(Jefferson City)

6. John Quincy Adams
(Democratic Republican)
 1825-1829
 VP; John C Calhoun
 MI: No Military
 FL: Louisa Adams

7. Andrew Jackson
 1829-1837
 VP: John C. Calhoun (1829-1832)
 (1832-1837)Martin Van Buren
 MI: General, U.S. Army

1829-1837
25. (1836)
Arkansas
(Little Rock)

Martin Van Buren
 1837-1841

8. Martin Van Buren
 1837-1841
 VP :Richard Mentor
 MI: No Military
 * First President Born U.S. Citizen*

1837-1841
26.(1837)
Michigan
(Lansing)

William Henry Harrison
 Whig
 1841

9. William Henry Harrison
 1841
 VP: John Tyler
 Mil: Major General, War of 1812
 FL: Anna Symmes Harrison

10. John Tyler(Whig)
 1841-1845
 VP: No VP
 Mil: Self-Organized Militia
 FL: Letitia Christian (1842)
 Julia Tyler (1843-1844)

11. James K Polk
 1845-1849
 VP: George M Dallas
 M: No Military
 FL: Sarah Polk

1845-1849
27. (1845)
Florida
(Tallahassee)

1845-1849
28. (1845)
Texas
(Austin)
 Central and Mountain Standard Time

1845-1849
29. (1846)
Iowa
(Des Moines)

1845-1849
30 (1848)
Wisconsin
(Madison)

12 Zachary Taylor (Whig)
1849-1850

12 Zachary Taylor (Whig)
 1849-1850
 VP: Millard Fillmore
 Mil: Major General
 FL: Margaret Smith

Millard Fillmore
Whig
1850-1853

13 Millard Fillmore
 1850-1853
 VP: No VP
 Mil: Guard and Militia
 FL: Abagail Fillmore

1850-1853
31. (1850)
California
(Sacramento)
 Pacific Standard Time

14. Franklin Pierce
 1853-1857
 VP; William R. King (1853)
 MI: Brigadier General Mexican-
American War
 First Lady: Jane Pierce

15. James Buchanan
 1857-1861
 VP: John C. Breckenridge
 MI: No Military

1857-1861
32 . (1858)
Minnesota
(St. Paul)

1857-1861
33. (1859)
Oregon
(Salem)
 Pacific Standard Time ex: Malheur
County (Mountain)

16. Abraham Lincoln
 1861-1865
 VP: Hannibal Hamlin (1861-1865)
 Andrew Johnson (1865)
 MI: Volunteer, Black Hawk War
 FL: Mary Todd Lincoln

1861-1865
34 (1861)
Kansas
(Topeka)

1861-1865
35. (1863)
West Virginia
(Charleston)
 Eastern Standard Time
 *Separated from Virginia due to the
Civil War*

1861-1865
36. (1864)
Nevada
(Carson City)

(Constitution)
 13) (1865) Slavery will no longer exist
within the United States except as a
punishment for crime.
 Only Ratified Amendment signed by a
President (Abraham Lincoln)

17. Andrew Johnson
 1865-1869
 VP: No Vice President
 MI: Brigadier General 1830’s
 Eliza Johnson

1865-1869
37. (1867)
Nebraska
(Lincoln)

Constitution
 14)(1868) Natural Born Citizenship-Bill
of Rights Extends to the States.
 Natural Born Citizenship defined

18. Ulysses S. Grant
 1869-1877
 VP: Schuyler Colfax (1869-1873)
 MI: General of the Armies, (Civil War)
 FL: Julia Dent Grant

Constitution
 15. (1870)
 Universal Male Suffrage regardless of
Race or previous condition of
servitude-applies to states as well as
the federal Government
 Thomas Mundy Peterson (10/6/1824-
2/4/1904 of New Jersey First Af-Am
male to vote under the 15th
Amendment.

1869-1877
38. (1876)
Colorado
(Denver)
 Mountain Standard Time

19. Rutherford B. Hayes
 1877-1881
 VP: William Wheeler
 MI: Major General, U.S. Civil War
 FL: Lucy Hayes

20. James A. Garfield
 1881
 VP; William Wheeler
 MI: Major General, Civil War
 FL: Lucretia Garfield

21. Chester A. Arthur
 1881-1885
 VP; No VP
 MI: Quartermaster, NY State, Civil War

22. Grover Cleveland
 1885-1889
 VP: Thomas Attendricks
 MI: None: Hired Substitute
 FL: Frances Cleveland (1886)

23. Benjamin Harrison
 VP; Levi P. Morton
 MI: Colonel-Union Army
 FL: Caroline Harrison (1892)
1889-1893

1889-1893
39. (1889)
North Dakota
(Bismarck)

1889-1893
40. (1889)
South Dakota
(Pierre)

41. (1889)
Montana
(Helena)

1889-1893
42. (1889) Washington
(Olympia)

1889-1893
43. (1890)
Idaho
(Boise)
 Mountain and Pacific Standard Time

1889-1893
43. (1890)
Wyoming
(Cheyenne)

24. Grover Cleveland
 1893-1897
 VP: Adlai Stevenson I
 MI: None: Hired Substitute
 FL: Frances Cleveland (1886)

1893-1897
45.(1896)
Utah
(Salt Lake City)

25. William McKinley
 1897-1901
 VP; Theodore Roosevelt (1901)
Garrett Hobart (1897-1901)
 MI: Union Army
 FL: Ida McKinley

26. Theodore Roosevelt
 1901-1909
 VP: James Sherman
 MI: Secretary of War
 FL: Edith C Roosevelt


1901-1909
46 (1907)
Oklahoma
(Oklahoma City)

27. William Howard Taft
 1909-1913
 VP: James Sherman
 MI: Secretary of War
 FL: Helen Taft

1909-1913
47 (1912)
New Mexico
(Santa Fe)

1909-1913
48.(1912)
Arizona
(Phoenix)

28. Woodrow Wilson
 1913-1921
 VP: Thomas R. Marshall
 MI: No Military
 FL: Ellen Wilson (1913-1914)
 Edith B. Galt (1915-1924)

(Constitution)
 16)(1913) Income Tax Becomes
permanent-no more need for
apportionment according to the
census-before Fed Govt financed by
tariffs and excise-but those were no
longer enough for an industrial world.

(Constitution)
 17)(1913) Direct Election of Senators-
once Senators were chosen by State
Legislatures

(Constitution)
 18)(1919)The Prohibition Amendment
 (Overturned by the 21st-Prohibited the
sale, manufacture, export and import
of alcohol)

(Constitution)
 19) (1920) Women’s Suffrage-the right
to vote shall not be denied by the
Federal Government or the States by
reason of sex.

29. Warren G. Harding
 1921-1923
 VP: Calvin Coolidge
 MI: No Military Service
 FL: Florence Harding

30. Calvin Coolidge
 1923-1929
 VP: Charles Dawes
 MI: No Military Service
 FL: Grace Coolidge

31. Herbert Hoover
 1929-1933
 VP: Charles Curtis
 MI: Tianjin City Uprising (1890)
 FL: Lou Henry Hoover

Franklin Delano Roosevelt
1933-1945

32. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
 1933-1945
 VP: John Garner Nance (1933-1941),
Henry Wallace (1941-1945), Harry S.
Truman (1945)
 MI: Assistant Secretary of the Navy
 FL: Eleanor Roosevelt

(Constitution)
 20)(1933) Presidential Start of Term
Moved from March 4th to January 20th
at Noon
 Congress must now start on January
3rd, and must now meet every year.
 Provisions made for succession if
President dies before inauguration

Constitution
 21) (1933) Repeal of Prohibition (18th
Amendment)
 State level Prohibition could continue

33. Harry S. Truman
 1945-1953
 VP: Alben Barkley (1949-1953)
 MI: Army World War I & Army Reserve
 FL: Bess Truman

Constitution
 22) Presidential Term Limits
 No Person can be elected President
more than twice and only once if they
have served more than 2 years of
someone else’s term. Restriction only
applies to this position and no other
Federal Post

Dwight D. Eisenhower
1953-1961

34. Dwight D. Eisenhower
 1953-1961
 VP: Richard Nixon
 MI: General of the Armies, World War
2
 FL: Mamie Eisenhower

1953-1961
49.(1959)
Alaska
 Alaska Standard Time (except
 The Aleutians)

1953-1961
50. (1959)
Hawaii
(Honolulu)
 Hawaii-Aleutian Standard Time

35. John F Kennedy
 1961-1963
 VP: Lyndon Baines Johnson
 MI: Navy, World War II
 FL: Jaqueline Kennedy

Constitution
 23. (1961)
 DC Gets Electoral Votes
 Washington DC can now vote in
Presidential Elections-but can have no
more electoral votes than the least
populous state.

Lyndon Baines Johnson
1963-1969

36. Lyndon Baines Johnson
 1963-1969
 VP :Hubert H. Humphrey (1964-1969)
 MI: Lt. Commander, Naval Reserve,
Observer of Bomber Missions
 FL: Lady Bird Johnson

Constitution
 24) (1964)
 End of Poll Tax-No denial of the right
to vote due to not paying a poll tax

Constitution
 25) (1967)
 Codifies That The VP will succeed the
President in case of death or disability

37. Richard Nixon
 1969-1974
 VP: Spiro Agnew (1969-1973)
 Gerald Ford (1973-1974)
 MI: U.S. Navy Reserve (World War II)
 FL: Patricia Nixon

Constitution
 26. (1971) 18 year olds can vote

38. Gerald Ford
 1974-1977
 VP: Nelson Rockefeller
 MI: U.S. Navy Reserve (World War II)
 FL: Betty Ford

39. Jimmy Carter
 1977-1981
 VP: Walter Mondale
 MI: US. Navy Lieutenant
 FL: Roslyn Carter

40. Ronald Reagan
 1981-1989
 VP: George H. W. Bush
 MI: 1937-Army Enlisted Reserve
(1942-Active Duty)
 FL: Nancy Reagan

41. George H. W. Bush
 1989-1993
 1924-2018
 VP: Daniel Quayle
 MI: United States Navy, World War 2
 FL: Barbara Bush

Constitution
 27) (1992)Congress can’t give itself
pay raises for the current session-pay
raises take effect the next Session of
Congress

42. Bill Clinton
 1993-2001
 VP; Albert Gore
 MI: No Military
 FL: Hillary Clinton

43. George W. Bush
 2001-2009
 VP: Richard Cheney
 MI: Fighter Interceptor Grp (1968-
1974)
 FL: Laura Bush

44. Barack H. Obama
 2009-2017
 VP; Joseph Biden
 MI: No Military
 FL: Michelle Obama

45. Donald J Trump
 2017-
 VP: Michael Pence
 MI: No Military
 FL: Melania Trump

The End For Now…
A Republic If You Can Keep It..
 CarolDuhart’s
Coffeehouse and
Multi Blog

The Presidency and The Evolving of America

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