Introduction to Microcontroller

1. A Presentation
on
Microcontroller
Presented BY:
Name: Rajib Kumar Roy
ID No:1302002
Reg No:04176
Session:2013-14

2. CONTENTS
 Introduction.
 Components.
 Microprocessor vs Microcontroller.
 Microcontroller Programming.
 Advantagesof Microcontroller.
 Why Choose Microcontroller.
 Real-Life Applications.
 Popular Microcontrollers.
 Major Market players.
2

3. WHAT ARE MICROCONTROLLERS ?
A micro-controller is a functional computer system-on-a-
chip. It contains a processor core, memory and programmable input/output
peripherals.
Micro suggests that the device is small and controller tells you that the device
might be used to control objects, processes or events.
Another term to describe a microcontroller is embeddedcontroller because
the microcontroller andits support circuits are often built into or embedded
in the devices they control.

4. Microcontrollers
 Microcontrollers are small computing systems on a single chip.
 A microcontroller will also be referred to as an MCU.
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Program memory
 Random Access Memory (RAM)
 EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory
 USARTs, Timer/Counters, ADC, DAC, I/O Ports, CANs, SPIs,
etc.
Examples : Motorola’s 6811,Intel’s 8051,Zilog’s Z8 and PIC 16X.
4
Serial
Port
CPU RAM ROM
I/O
Port
Timer
A single chip

5. Components.
A Microcontroller has seven main components:
1-Central processing unit (CPU)
2-ROM
3-RAM
4-Input and Output
5-Timer
6-Interrupt circuitry
7-Buses
8-Oscillatory circuits

6. General-purpose microprocessor: 6
 CPU for Computers
 Commonly no RAM, ROM, I/O on CPU chip itself
CPU
General-
Purpose
Micro-
processor
RAM ROM I/O
Port
Timer
Serial
COM
Port
Data Bus
Address Bus
Many chips on motherboard

7. Microprocessor vs Microcontroller
Microprocessor
 CPU is stand-alone,
RAM,
ROM, I/O, timer are
separate
 designer can decide on
the
amount of ROM, RAM
and
I/O ports.
 Expansive
 versatility
 general-purpose
7
Microcontroller
• CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O
and
timerare all on a
single
chip
• fix amount of on-chip
ROM, RAM, I/O ports
• Highly bit addressable
• for applications in
which cost, power
and space are critical
• single-purpose

8. Microcontroller programming
Microcontroller
programming is
very much similar to
the programming
language ‘C’.

9. Microcontroller programming
Microcontroller
program
C
program

10. Advantages of Microcontroller
 As the peripherals are integrated into a single chip, the overall
system cost is very less
 The product is of small size compared to micro processor based
system
 The system design now requires very little efforts
 As the peripherals are integrated witha microprocessor the system is
more reliable
 Though microcontrollermay have on chip ROM,RAM and I/O ports,
addition ROM, RAM I/O ports may be interfaced externally if
required
 On chip ROM providea software security

11. Three criteria in Choosing a
Microcontroller
 meeting the computing needs of the task efficiently
and cost effectively
 speed, the amount of ROM and RAM, the number of I/O
ports and timers, size, packaging, powerconsumption
 easy to upgrade
 cost per unit
 Noise of environment
 availability of software development tools
 assemblers, debuggers, C compilers, emulator,simulator,
technical support
 wide availability and reliable sources of the
microcontrollers

12. Applications of microcontrollers
 Cell phone
 Pager
 Watch
 Calculator
 video games
 Alarm clock
 Air conditioner
 TV remote
 Microwave oven
 Washing machines
 An electronicsmart weight display system
 Robotic system
 An anti-lock braking system monitor
12

13. Popular Microcontrollers
 8051 (Intel and others)
 80386 EX (Intel)
 PIC (Microchip)
 68HC05 (Motorola)
 Z8 (Zilog)

14. Major market players
1. Texas Instruments.
2. Atmel Corporation.
3. Microchip.
4. Renesas Technology Corp.
5. Intel Corporation.
6. STMicroelectronics.
7. Freescale Semiconductor.

15. Thank you all