The Establishment Of The Maastricht Treaty

The Establishment Of The Maastricht Treaty
Introduction: The Establishment of the Maastricht Treaty The Maastricht Treaty was a complex 1993 agreement that
transformed the European Economic Community into the European Union so as to increase political and economic
cooperation in Europe. Political objectives were given far greater consideration in the agreement than in any preceding
agreement among the member states. Goals included improving the democratic legitimacy and efficacy of insitutions,
furthering the economic and monetary union of states, and facilitating the development of a common foreign and security
policy as well as broadening the social sphere of the existing European Community. The first pillar of the agreement
established the European Community and Parliament, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In theory, the establishment of the Union was to enable member states to collectively address issues that affected all parts
of the continent and to increase integration (CITE). This would allow the union to be seen as a unified international
competitor on the global scale, rather a loose collection of less–powerful states attempting to cooperate only on certain
matters. In this paper, it will be shown that the process of the creation and ratification of the Maastricht Treaty can be
most effectively examined in terms of the state level of analysis, because it best explains the two–level games and
challenges that each state had to overcome in order to ratify the treaty, the cooperation of member states in a means that
privileged intergovernmental interactions, and state support for the creation of European Union resulting in the further
development of complex interdependence, with states delegating some measure of sovereignty to the European
supranational order as a means to assist them in realizing their interests through both the immediate benefits and long–
term credibility provided by membership in European institutions. A review of the literature pertaining to when the issue
of greater political unity was raised in 1988, and culminating in examinations of the 1993 Maastricht ratification, will be
conducted in order to better understand the process and motivations of the states involved.
The Liberal Lens
The liberal lens best explains the
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Disaster Recovery Business Continuity Plan
Introduction
Upon reading the case studying in regards to the Bank Solutions organization, it is clear that there are a few gaps within
the organization that are hindering the organization from operating at the maximum potential. When it comes to ensuring
the organization's ability, it is imperative that these three categories are identified, implemented, and maintained.
Security – the status of minimizing factors in reducing the chances of being affected by a threat, breach, or any mitigated
circumstances that may disrupt the integrity, availability, and confidentiality of the organizations assets.
Interoperability – the ability to collaborate systems to work together without the added support or participation from the
consumer.
Operations ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within the findings, there are power users who have access to change or modify the logs that document evens into the
logs on the users themselves.
5) Hot sites are sister locations. Each location cannot be each other's hot sites. Specific responsibilities outlining the
backup facilities must be documented for guidance and procedural compliance.
6) Backup jobs failing due to unknown causes. The Chief Information Officer (CIO) must ensure that backups are being
completed successfully and without interruption.
7) Backup tapes secured unauthorized locations. Business backup tapes should be stored at one's residence but at a
secured location to minimize theft.
8) Event logging performed on specific administrative back office systems. Event logging should be performed on all
servers and systems to be able to monitor activity properly.
9) Key personnel do not have a hard copy of the plan. It is imperative that all key personnel be given a copy of the
DRBCP in case the plan needs to be implemented.
10) Disaster Recovery Business Continuity Plan stored on network. In case of a breach, the intruder will have access to
everything needed in order to disrupt the attempts of the organization gaining restoration of operations.
Prioritizing Requirements Based on

The Legal System Of Law
Marquez Martinez English 12 Mrs. Wallace 2/8/15 Law Many people know their own legal rights as citizens, but how
many actually know what the law is and what it means to us? What is its importance to our well being? What kind of
impacts does it have on society and what impacts does society have on the law? All these questions add up to the most
important and broad question, what is the law? The legal system is a system that interprets and enforces the law; a system
of rules that a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and may be enforced
by the imposition of penalties. It is what keeps the peace among societies, nations, and individuals concerning matters
such as fairness, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although there are countless subjects pertaining to the law, its separated into the two most common areas: civil and
criminal. Criminal law is when an individual or group of individuals that has committed an act that can be considered
harmful to society and/or individuals. If proven guilty of a said act, they can be imprisoned or fined depending on its
severity. Common cases involving criminal law are theft, vandalism, white collar crime or cases with more severity such
as murder and assault. For example, if one is convicted for selling illegal drugs on the street or stealing a car and that
individual is found guilty for that crime, they will be punished accordingly. The initial fine amount or sentencing is
predetermined accordingly by the state or federal laws and constitution, then decided by the grand just, then enforced and
solidified by the judge. Civil law usually deals with money and the settling of lawsuits between organizations or
individuals seeking compensation and satisfaction to the winning party. Subject matters that often deal with civil law are
entitlement of real and personal property, financial security, compensation if ones property is harmed in any way and
enforcing regulations on businesses and corporations. For example, if an insurance company refuses to pay for damages
on an insurer's vehicle, the insurer could file a lawsuit against the company

American Opportunity Tax Credit For Higher Education Essay
Introduction American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) was part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
(ARRA: P.L. 111–5), enacted by Congress to give financial assistance to low income families and students and to
promote higher education in the United States. Cost of Colleges and University are in constant increase year to year and
the need for a postsecondary education as a mean to achieve personal growth, community and industry development in
the present globalization of the economies make its necessary for government and lawmaker and families to understand
the impact of the American Opportunity Tax Credit and how to extend it to more families and beyond the 2017 actual
limitation. How can students and families make the best use of this important education program and avoid common tax
return mistakes when claiming tax credit under the American Opportunity Tax Credit as outline by the Tax Code. This
research is intended to review relevant sources including the IRC. Tax Foundation Reports, US Treasury Reports and Tax
Bills submitted to Congress and investigate the history of the tax credit for higher education, the current state of the
American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) and evaluate some of the benefits and limitations of this law. Then review
several Tax Bills introduced to Congress given the fact the American Opportunity Tax Credit, is in its final stage and need
to be extended , including a revision of the scope to achieve the goal of promoting higher

How Financial Aid Awareness Affects College Access and...
Paving the Way: How Financial Aid Awareness Affects College Access and Success
Literature Review
October 2008 In a time of ever–rising college costs, financial aid is critical to increase college access and success.
Federal, state, and institutional aid programs help to ensure that students can afford higher education regardless of
economic background. Financial aid is most effective when students and families learn about it early enough to make the
right choices and plans about high school coursework, family savings, work and earnings, and college options. This
literature review explores the questions of how and when students and families learn about college costs and financial
aid, and how the timing and substance of that information ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ii) Three out of four African–American parents do not identify scholarships as a source of aid, compared to half of White
parents. Similarly, 83 percent of Latino parents do not mention grants as a source of aid versus 58 percent of White
parents (Sallie Mae Fund and Harris Interactive 2003). Most Latino non–college–going youths can not name one source
of financial aid (Zarate and Pachon 2006). iii) Two–thirds of African–American parents and 62 percent of Latino parents
say they need more information about how to pay for college, compared to only 44 percent of White parents (Sallie Mae
Fund and Harris Interactive 2003). d) Some students have inaccurate perceptions of their eligibility for financial aid. i)
Many current and former community college students, especially those from two–parent households, assume that their
household income is too high to make them eligible for federal financial aid (Matus–Grossman and Gooden 2002). ii) In
California, far fewer Latino students than are eligible actually apply for Cal Grants because they erroneously believe that
high grades are required (Zarate and Pachon 2006). iii) Many low–income students who do not apply for financial aid
believe that they do not need financial aid. Twenty–nine percent of low–income dependent students and 39 percent of
low–income independent students say they did not file a Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA)

Sec ( Securities And Exchange Commission
A. The Nature, Structure and Objective of Each of These Institutions SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission): The
SEC is created in the 1934 Act by Congress, primarily to enforce the newly–passed security laws, to promote overall
market stability and to protect investors. Currently, the general mission of SEC is to protect investors, to facilitate capital
formation, and to maintain the fair, orderly and efficient markets. SEC has the authority to set accounting and reporting
standards for companies, who public trade their securities. It requires all the public companies to disclose financial and
other information to the public, so that ensure all the investors have access to basic facts related to the investment before
and after buying the investment. SEC oversees and regulated the U.S. security market as well as works closely with many
other institutions, including federal departments, self–regulatory organization, state securities regulator and private sector
organizations. SEC has five main divisions, which includes corporation finance, investment finance, enforcement, trading
and marketing and economic and risk analysis. The corporation finance division regulates and ensures the public
companies to offer their basic financial information to all the investors. The division also provides assistance and
recommendations to the public companies related to the new and exiting rules. The division of investment management
provides guidance, disclosure, rulemaking and risk

High Stakes Testing Research Paper
High Stakes Testing in the United States
Ghadeer Alsobahi
Indiana State University
High Stakes Testing in the United States
High stakes testing is a type of test that has significant consequences. For example, if a student passes this test, she/he
will be able to practice a certain profession, go to college, or be qualified for a higher degree. However, if the student fails
to pass this test, she/he will have to retake the course until they pass the test. Usually, it is used to take important
decisions in one's life. An example of a high stakes testing is the No Child Left Behind tests (Miller, Linn & Gronlund,
2013).
A high–stakes test is usually used to create important decisions about teachers, students, and schools mainly for the
purpose of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Test scores as administrative mechanisms in educational policy. Phi Delta Kappan, 66(9), 611–617.
www.Aera.net/AboutAERA/AERAulesPolicyStatements/PositionStatementonHighStakesTesting/tabid/11083/Default.aspx
Handbook of Test Development
Downing, S., & Haladyna, T. (2006). Handbook of test development. Lawrence Erlbaum: NJ.
Downing, S., & Haladyna, T. (1996). A model for evaluation of high–stakes testing programs: Why the fox should not
guard the chicken coop. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 5(1), 5–12.
www.education.com/magazine/article/high–stakes–testing–pros–cons/ Hammond, L., D., Ball, D., L. (1997). Teaching
for high standards: what policymakers need to know and be able to do. Prepared for the National Education Goals Panel.
Retrieved from: http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/negp/reports/highstds.htm/
Dr. Maria G. J. (2010) Broad–Trained Superintendent www.seattleducation2010.wordpress.com/2011/08/20/broad–
trained–superintendent–shows–up–again–in–broward–country–florida/
International Reading Association. (2008). Reading assessment in practice. Newark, DE: Author

American Association of Medical Assistants
American Association of Medical Assistants 1959 Mission Statement The mission of the American Association of
Medical Assistants is to enable medical assisting professionals to enhance and demonstrate the knowledge, skills and
professionalism required by employers and patients; protect medical assistants' right to practice; and promote effective,
efficient health care delivery through optimal use of the multiskilled CMA (AAMA). AAMA was incorporated in the
State of Illinois as a not–for–profit professional organization. The national headquarters was opened in Chicago, Ill. The
Scholarship Fund was started with a $200 contribution from Maxine Williams. It was later named the Maxine Williams
Scholarship Fund. A Certification Committee was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1977 Active membership was opened to any practicing medical assistant who achieved AAMA certification. The National
Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) was engaged as the test consultant for the AAMA certification examinations.
Responsibility for the accreditation of one– and two–year medical assisting programs was transferred from the AMA's
Council on Medical Education to the AMA–sponsored but independently operated Committee on Allied Health Education
and Accreditation (CAHEA). The AAMA Endowment's Curriculum Review Board remained the recommending body.
Revised Essentials of an Accredited Educational Program for the Medical Assistant were accepted by the AMA Council
on Medical Education. 1972 A committee was formed to begin work on a guided home study course. AMA/AAMA filed
a petition with the U.S. Office of Education seeking recognition as the official accrediting agency for medical assisting
programs. 1973 The Curriculum Review Committee became the Curriculum Review Board. 1974 The U.S. Office of
Education recognized AMA/AAMA as an official accrediting agency for medical assisting programs in public and private
institutions. 1978 The Continuing Education Board (CEB) was formed. For the first time, the AAMA basic Certification
Examination was given twice yearly (in January and June) at test centers nationwide. 1975 The revised certification
program, consisting of a basic test plus three

The Purpose of the Federal Reserve System Essay
Over the past few years we have realized the impact that the Federal Government has on our economy, yet we never
knew enough about the subject to understand why. While taking this Economics course it has brought so many things to
our attention, especially since we see inflation, gas prices, unemployment and interest rates on the rise. It has given us a
better understanding of the effect of the Government on the economy, the stock market, the interest rates, etc. Since the
Federal Government has such a control over our Economy, we decided to tackle the subject of the Federal Reserve
System and try to get a better understanding of the history, the structure, and the monetary policy of the power that it
holds.
The Federal Reserve System ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One form of direct control can be exercised by adjusting the legal reserve ratio (the proportion of its deposits that a
member bank must hold in its reserve account), and as a result, increasing or decreasing the amount of new loans that the
commercial banks can make. Because loans give rise to new deposits, the possible money supply is, in this way,
expanded or reduced. This policy tool has not been used too much in recent years. The money supply may also be
influenced through manipulation of the discount rate, which is the rate if interest charged by the Federal Reserve banks
on short–term secured loans to member banks. Since these loans are typically sought to maintain reserves at their
required level, an increase in the cost of such loans has an effect similar to that of increasing the reserve requirement. The
classic method of indirect control is through open–market operations, first widely used in the 1920s and now used daily
to make some adjustment to the market. Federal Reserve bank sales or purchases of securities on the open market tend to
reduce or increase the size of commercial bank reserves. When the Federal Reserve sells securities, the purchasers pay for
them with checks drawn on their deposits, thereby reducing the reserves of the banks on which the checks are drawn. The
three instruments of control explained above have been conceded to be more effective in preventing inflation in times of
high economic activity than in bringing about revival from a

Questions and Problem Set 5 Essay
Quinnipiac University
School of Business
FIN350 Global Financial Markets & Institutions
Questions & Problems Set 5
Spring 2013
1. Explain why commercial banks are regulated and describe the major pieces of legislation enacted to prevent bank
failures.
Financial institutions are regulated because they provide products and services that the economy needs to function
efficiently. Also they function in an environment where there is a great deal of asymmetric information, so they help in
the screening process. Another reason why banks are regulated is to limit predatory lending practices, for example
charging excessively high interest rates or imposing unreasonable conditions and penalties. A final reason why financial
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The greater proportion of capital to total funds, the greater the protection to depositors. Banks maintain much lower
capital levels than other businesses; currently bank capital accounts for 10% of total funds. Bankers prefer to use high
amounts of leverage because they understand the role of leverage in increasing ROE. Banks believe that long term profit
maximization can be best achieved if their banks are highly leveraged. Regulators are more concerned about the risk of
bank failure, rather than the profits of the individual banks; their concern is protecting the economy from widespread
bank distress.
4. What are the major benefits to banks of securitization?
There are many different benefits of securitization; first by selling rather than holding loans, banks reduce the amount of
assets and liabilities. By reducing assets and liabilities it reduces reserve requirements, capital requirements, and deposit
insurance premiums. Second securitization provides a source of funding loans that is less expensive than other sources.
Finally, banks are able to generate fees from the securitization process; these include origination, loan–servicing, and
underwriting fees.
5. List and define the various off–balance–sheet activities of banks.
Off–balance–sheet activities generate fee income for banks, however they differ from other fee based activities because
they are representing either contingent assets or contingent liabilities. Contingent assets

Study Unit 2 Questions
UNIT 2– Professional Responsibilities
Multiple Choice Quiz 1 A CPA's retention of client–provided records as a means of enforcing payment of an overdue
audit fee is an action that is | | | Prohibited under the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct. | | A violation of GAAS. | | Not
addressed by the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct. | | Acceptable if sanctioned by state law. | |
Smith, CPA, is a partner of Johnson Accounting Firm. Johnson audited the books of Hometown Bank. Smith's
independence would be impaired under which of the following circumstances? | | | Smith had an account with Hometown
Bank 2 years ago. | | Smith has a collateralized automobile loan with Hometown Bank. | | Smith is a director ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| | The firm's audit professional implemented the client's internal control over financial reporting. | | The firm
recommended an aggressive tax position to the client that is more likely than not to be legally allowed. | | The firm's audit
professional is responsible for internal control over financial reporting. |
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding a CPA employee of a CPA firm taking copies of information
contained in client files when the CPA leaves the firm? I. A CPA leaving a firm may take copies of information contained
in client files to assist another firm in serving that client. II. A CPA leaving a firm may take copies of information
contained in client files as a method of gaining technical expertise. | Both I and II. | | Neither I nor II. | | I only. | | II only. |
A member of the AICPA owns an interest in a separate business that performs tax services. If the member does not
control the business, who must comply with the Code of Professional Conduct? | | | The other owners. | | The entity's
employees. | | The entity and the member. | | The member only. | |
Competence as an independent auditor includes all of the following except | | | Warranting the infallibility of the work
performed. | | Consulting others if additional technical information is needed. | | Having the technical qualifications to
perform an engagement. | | Possessing the

Student Loan Debt
Student Loan Case
1) Summarize the student loan industry. Answer with respect to both public and private loans and be clear as to which
you are referring to.
a) What led to the inception of the student loan market?
The inception of the student loan market started like any other loan market, there were a large amount of borrowers who
needed money now to invest in college to make more later that were matched with lenders who had excess funds and
wanted return on the funds. The National Defense Education Act of 1958 which provided loans to students in higher
education institutions started the student loan market. This was supposed to help train students to get jobs that will help
them succeed and in turn help our nation succeed.
b) What ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Market size of student loans is $1.2 Trillion, private accounting for $0.2 Trillion and federal accounting for $1
Trillion. Student Loans taken out have been increasing, student loan debt outstanding has been increasing and average
student loan debt per borrower has been increasing. Some believe that these may cause problems and increase
outstanding debt and defaults which taxpayers have to pay. While government professionals may believe that taking a hit
now to help consumers get higher paying jobs may be worth it in the long run so they can start consuming.
2) How have student loans been treated in bankruptcy historically and today?
a) Include in your answer information about how the treatment impacts lending
b) Include in your answer information about how the treatments impacts the economy
c) There is some controversy here why does that arise?
d) What might happen if the laws changed?
Before 1976 student loans were dischargeable in bankruptcy; this policy did have some loopholes though and when it
comes to loopholes in money you do not want to leave many. Student loans stopped becoming dischargeable because they
were afraid that the students would take advantage of the opportunity to file bankruptcy and rid themselves of student
loan debt and drain the system. Disallowing the discharge of student loan debt helps to increase incentives for lending
since borrowers are stuck

Essay on The Federal Reserve System
The Federal Reserve System
Why do a research paper on the Federal Reserve System? This is a question we went over in our heads while making a
decision on the type of research paper to do, what we wanted to learn more about and why. Over the past few years we
have realized the impact that the Federal Government has on our economy, yet we never knew enough about the subject
to understand why. While taking this Economics course it has brought so many things to our attention, especially since
we see inflation, gas prices, unemployment and interest rates on the rise. It has given us a better understanding of the
effect of the Government on the economy, the stock market, the interest rates, etc. Since the Federal Government has such
a control ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another control occasionally used by the Federal Reserve Board is that of changing the margin requirements involved in
the purchase of securities. The Federal Reserve System was founded by Congress in 1913 to provide the nation with a
safer, more flexible and more stable monetary and financial system. Over the years its role in banking and the economy
has expanded. Today the Federal Reserve's Duties fall into four general areas:
$ Conducting the nation's monetary policy by influencing the money and credit conditions in the economy in pursuit of
full employment and stable prices.
$ Supervising and regulating banking institutions to ensure the safety and soundness of the nation's banking and financial
system to protect the credit rights of consumers.
$ Maintaining the stability of the financial system and containing systemic risk that may arise in financial markets.
$ Providing certain financial services to the United States government, the public, financial institutions, and to foreign
official institutions, including playing a major role in operating the nation's payments system.
Before Congress created the Federal Reserve System, periodic financial panics had plagued the nation. These panics had
contributed to many bank failures, business bankruptcies, and general economic downturns. A severe crisis in 1907
prompted

The Success Of A Successful Middle And Upper Classes Essay
Introduction The city of Compton, CA has long been associated with negativity. The 1980s and 1990s gave Compton its
reputation as being a gang–infested, high–crime city, promulgated by film and music. While violent crime and property
crime rates have plummeted in the past decade, the reputation stands. The 2000s and The Great Recession, brought about
new problems to further tarnish Compton's reputation. This paper will identify and detail three current fiscal issues that
have prevented the emergence of a successful middle and upper classes, the improvement of city–wide infrastructure and
programs and issues explaining recent scandals involving city funds. The first issue that will be explained in detail is the
high unemployment rate found in the city of Compton, which is higher than the California average. This has a lot to do
with the type of jobs and education present in the city. The second fiscal issue covered is the mismanagement of city
funds by the Compton city council. This has had a major impact on Compton's finances, even causing a downgrade in the
city's financial rating. Third, there has been a stagnation, and even drop, in property tax revenue in the city of Compton.
Compton does not generate sizable revenue from property taxes, especially when compared to cities with similar
demographics (United States Census Bureau). While all are critical, low revenue from property tax is an extremely
important issue, as this tax serves as the foundation of all revenues

A Report On The Phishing Scams
Phishing scams are among the most prevalent forms of cybercrime, especially in the UK.3 Connect Group should ensure
all employees are: Wary of emails asking for confidential information, especially financial in nature. Don't feel pressured
into providing sensitive information. Familiarize yourself with Web site's privacy policies. Watch out for generic–looking
request for information. Never submitted sensitive information via forms embedded within email messages. Never use
links in an email to connect to a website. Instead, open a new browser window and type the URL directly into the address
bar. Connect Group should also ensure they are currently with the latest and most effective software to combat phishing
and automatically block fake websites. DDOS Attacks Imagine 3: Symantec – Top 10 DDoS Attacks, Q2 2015 Due to
reliance on the Internet to conduct business, DDoS present a concern for Connect Groups networks. Stats show UK is
second after the US in DDoS attacks at 10.21%. DDoS attacks are an attempt to make an online unavailable by
overwhelming it with traffic from multiple sources. They target a wide industry from banks to news websites, and present
a major challenge to make sure people can publish and access important information. According to a Neuster survey
conducted in 2015, suggest 40% of businesses in the UK will lose an estimated £100,000 at peak times during DDoS–
based outages, which is a 470% rise from

Public Private Partnerships And Higher Education
Public and Private Partnerships in Higher Education By LaToya Robertson ELP 563 K. Saltman Fall 2016 Public and
Private Partnerships in Higher Education By LaToya Robertson ELP 563 K. Saltman Fall 2016 Public–private
partnerships are on the rise in higher education in the United States of America. What appears to be a viable solution
might be a practice that is predatory in nature. An exploration of the concept of public private partnerships will critically
evaluate the practice. A public–private partnership is a cooperative arrangement between one or more public and private
sectors, typically of a long term nature. (Alexander, Salmon, & Alexander, 2015) (Partnerships, 2016) Public–private
partnership is also commonly referred to as P3. The concept is closely related to privatization and the contracting out of
government services. P3 is most know for government infrastructure development but in recent year has increased in
popularity in higher education. A public–private partnership in higher education is when a private company invests in real
estate of a public institution. The private company builds a structure that is mutually agreed upon by the investor and the
university, the public entity provides tenants/clients/customers to the private occupy the space and pay the rent or fees,
and the public institution gets a brand new state of the art building at no upfront cost. The private entity owns the building
for 15 to 30 and collects the profits yielded

Higher Education in India
Abstract
Higher Education in India – Issues and Challenges
Higher Education in India is improving gradually after Independence. It is in the second place in the world after United
States. Some institutions of India, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Management
(IIMs), National Institute of Technology (NITs) and Jawaharlal Nehru University have been globally acclaimed for their
standard of education. University Grants Commission (UGC) and the All India Council for Technical Education
(AICTE), are two apex organisations that cater for the higher education in India. The solutions for the below mentioned
Issues, Challenges and Concerns of Higher Education in India discussed in this paper would improve ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The separation between teaching and research which started in British India now became a permanent feature of the
academic landscape of India.
List of IIT's (Indian Institute of Technology) in India
Entrance examinations
The Indian Institute of Technology Joint Entrance Examination (IIT–JEE) is an annual college entrance examination in
India, used as the sole admission criterion by the IITs. The examination is organised each year by one of the various IITs,
using a round robin rotation pattern. It has a very low admission rate (about 1 in 50 in 2011). A proposal for replacing
(IIT–JEE) with a common engineering entrance examination was made in 2010 and but due to resistance from many IIT's
this proposel is still under consideration. For Post Graduate studies, the entrance is conducted on the basis of the Gate
score card which is organised by IISC, Bangalore and IIT's followed by written tests and interviews by the respective
IIT's.
New Admission Policy of IITs
Joint Admission Board (JAB) of IIT Joint Entrance Examination (Advanced)–2013 met on August 27, 2012 at IIT Delhi
to discuss the forthcoming admission. The admission to the undergraduate programmes at the 16 IITs and ISMU,
Dhanbad for the year 2013 will be based on a two–tier test. The first test called the JEE (Main), will be held during the
month of April, 2013 (both offline and online). This test will be conducted by CBSE. The second test, called the

Camel Rating in Banking
THE CAMEL RATING SYSTEM IN BANKING SUPERVISION A CASE STUDY
Uyen Dang
Arcada University of Applied Sciences International Business 2011
DEGREE THESIS Arcada Degree Programme: Identification number: Author: Title: Supervisor (Arcada):
Commissioned by: Abstract:
International Business 10312 Uyen Dang The CAMEL rating system in banking supervision. A case study Andreas
Stenius
Banking supervision has been increasingly concerned due to significant loan losses and bank failures from the 1980s till
now. In the light of the banking crisis in recent years worldwide, CAMEL is a useful tool to examine the safety and
soundness of banks, and help mitigate the potential risks which may lead to bank failures. The research has been ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
21 2.3.5 Earning ability ............................................................................................. 22 2.3.6 Liquidity
....................................................................................................... 23 2.4 2.5 3 Composite rating and exposure limit
............................................................... 25 The significance of CAMEL rating framework in banking supervision .........
26
CASE STUDY– APPLYING THE CAMEL FRAMEWORK IN ANALYZING
BANK X AT AMERICAN INTERNATIONAL ASSURANCE (AIA) VIETNAM ...
................................................................................................................................. 28 3.1 3.2 AIA Vietnam profile
........................................................................................ 28 The CAMEL approach to bank analysis on Bank
X........................................ 28
3.2.1 Bank X's Capital Adequacy ......................................................................... 29 3.2.2 Bank X's Asset Quality
................................................................................. 30 3.2.3 Bank X's Management
................................................................................. 31 3.2.4 Bank X's Earning
......................................................................................... 32 3.2.5 Bank X's Liquidity

United States Constitution and Points Question Essay
http://quizlet.com/15035841/test–1–bl–flash–cards/ http://www–
rohan.sdsu.edu/faculty/dunnweb/rprnts.friedman.dunn.pdf Question 1
1.
In his article "Is business bluffing ethical?," Albert Carr makes a distinction between an "unethical" poker player and a
"crook."
Answer
True
False
1 points
Question 2
1.
According to Milton Friedman, all of the following are reasons not to use corporate funds to serve social causes
EXCEPT:
Answer
| | It's a form of taxation without representation | | | It's shortsighted and doesn't consider the long–term impacts of such
spending | | | It undermines the market system | | | It avoids the coercion of non–voluntary parties |
1 points
Question 3
1.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
| | | the International Chamber of Commerce. | | | the United Nations. | | | any third party. |
1 points
Question 15
1.
In most states, the courts no longer grant "equitable" remedies.
Answer
True
False
1 points
Question 16
1.
In a suit against Corbin, Donatella obtains damages. This is
Answer
| | an order to do or to refrain from doing a particular act. | | | an order to perform what was promised. | | | a payment of
money or property as compensation. | | | the cancellation of a contract. |
1 points
Question 17
1.
In Ben v. City Car Dealership, a state supreme court held that a minor could cancel a contract for the sale of a car. Now a

trial court in the same state is deciding Daphne v. Even Steven Auto Deals, Inc., a case with similar facts. Under the
doctrine of stare decisis, the trial court is likely to
Answer
| | allow the minor to cancel the contract. | | | disregard the previous case. | | | order the minor to cancel the contract. | | |
require the minor to fulfill the contract. |
1 points
Question 18
1.
A reference to "28 U.S.C. Section 1332" means that a statute can be found in section 1332 of title 28 of the United States
Code.
Answer
True
False
1 points
Question 19
1.
Most state trial court decisions are not published.
Answer
True
False
1 points
Question 20
1.
Hawaii

A Report On Financial Institutions
Overview:
Financial institutions continues to be challenged by the inherent risks that are associated to the loss of customer data
through the compromise of security controls. As Information Security continues to grow, the lack of effective security
controls such as authentication continues to one of the key components leading to data breaches across all industries.
For this purpose, SecureKey contracted with a leading independent security governance, risk management and
compliance (GRC) firm Coalfire Systems, Inc., to provide a security review of their SecureKey briidge.net Connect
solution.
Given that, in the age of Internet banking, recent data breaches continue to raise security awareness. Consequently, many
financial institutions are relying on guidance provided by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
("FFIEC"), in effort to prevent the risk of identity theft and fraudulent transactions.
Our assessment of the SecureKey briidge.net Connect solution considered FFIEC requirements for authentication in an
Internet Banking Environment. The objectives of our security review included:
1. An assessment of the overall design and architecture of the SecureKey briidge.net Connect solution;
2. Technical evaluations of SecureKey's mobile and web applications' authentication capabilities; and
3. Monitoring network traffic to confirm that fields which are configured for encryption do not appear to be transmitting
clear text data.
Target Audience:
The

Jp Morgan
Brian Tabb, Duc Nguyen, Haojun Chen, Jingyi Chen, Dan Ning
12/12/2014
Brian Tabb, Duc Nguyen, Haojun Chen, Jingyi Chen, Dan Ning
12/12/2014
FI730 Group Report
Financial Institution Analysis
FI730 Group Report
Financial Institution Analysis
1. Introduction
1.1 JP Morgan & Chase, Co.
JP Morgan & Chase, Co., incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is now one of the oldest and most influential
financial institutions in the world. As of December 31, 2013, the firm's net assets and stockholders' equity amounted $2.4
trillion and $211.2 billion, respectively. Currently, the firm is the leading banking institution in various business segments
that include investment banking, commercial banking, asset ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, AM offers retirement products, brokerage and investing services that include trusts and estates, loans, and
mortgages to its high–net–worth customers.
The Corporate/ Private Equity segment mainly serves business activities within the corporation. Its primary purpose is to
manage, measure, monitor, and report the Firm's liquidity, funding, and structural interest rate and exposure to foreign
exchange risks. 1.2 The First National Bank of Central Texas
The First National Bank of Central Texas (hereinafter referred as FNBCT), founded in 1901 in Mart, Texas, was
originally the first national bank to serve the agricultural community and consumers and small business owners in Mart.
Quick growth followed after the bank changed its leadership and ownership in 1995. Under the leadership of a seasoned
management team and CEO, Monte Hulse, the bank expanded rapidly, from a single branch to multiple branches in the
area. FNBCT acquired multiple branch locations along its rapid expansion periods, and by the end of 2010 and early
2011, FNBCT amounted a net asset size of $700 million, with only five banking centers. The five branches are located in
Waco, Woodway–Hewitt, China Spring, Mart, and Hillsboro, Texas. FNBCT offers traditional banking services such as
Personal Banking, Commercial Banking, Farm & Ranch Lending, Loan Products, and Retirement Planning.
Personal Banking offers consumers the opportunities to

Comparing British Welfare Systems with 2 Other Countries...
A 2000 word comparative review of the ways different countries approach welfare, as discussed on the unit.
The aim of this essay is to discuss and compare the British Welfare system with Germany and Sweden's welfare systems.
A welfare system is the structure of welfare provisions and services that provide a specific social need, but it is not only
provided or organised solely by the government (Blakemore, 2001). It is a view that is rooted in individual exchanges
between five organisations (State/Government, Market/Private Sector, Family/Kin networks, Local Communities and
Civil Society). It reflects the history and cultures of different countries around the world (Haralambos, 2012). It is these
providers that assume principal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
DLA is a tax–free benefit to help with extra costs you may have because your're disabled, this is given to all claimants
whether they are working or not (Directgov). Some people who make a claim for DLA may be asked to have a medical
examination.
Working tax credits was introduced in 2003 along with disability element to help people stay in work or to return to work
(Mitra, 2009). Then the 2005 Disability Discrimination Act came into force (Haralambos & Holborn, 2009). (Burchardt,
2000) cited that according to the European Commission (1998), people with disabilities have low levels of participation
in society and the employment rate for people with disabilities is 20–30% lower than people without disabilities (Huang,
2009). From 2013 Disability Living Allowance for disabled people aged 16 to 64 will be replaced by a new Personal
Independence Payment programme (Directgov). This is a non–means tested, tax free benefit. The DWP is to run a pilot
scheme to help assist and reintroduce claimants back into the job market (Mitra, 2009), this will lead to employers paying
short term benefits rather than the state.
In Sweden it is the Local government responsibility for welfare services. It was from the 13th century that the first local
legislation was seen as the responsibility of the local parish to take care of the poor (Bergmark & Minas, 2006, p.15). The
Swedish health system for

Takeaways From The Ocie Cybersecurity Initiative Risk...
Takeaways from the OCIE Cybersecurity Initiative Risk Alert and Sweep Exams
July 15, 2015 Todd P. Ehret
Cybersecurity is finally now top priority at the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") as it was included in the
2014 National Exam Priorities. After the release of the annual priority list, the SEC promptly held a Roundtable in March
of 2014 where SEC Chairman Mary Jo White highlighted that cybersecurity threats are global and pose a grave risk to
our economy, critical infrastructures, financial markets, and the private data of the American consumer. She noted that the
risks are "first on the Division of Intelligence's list of global threats, even surpassing terrorism." Less than a month later
on April 15, 2014 the SEC's Office of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Clearly though, FINRA was years ahead of the White House and the SEC. Lastly, in 2015 the U.S. Commodity Futures
Trading Commission ("CFTC") has also made similar announcements indicating that cybersecurity is definitely now a
serious concern everywhere in Washington.
The SEC Risk Alert highlighted the importance of cybersecurity preparedness and set the groundwork to assess
cybersecurity preparedness in the securities industry. SEC Chair Mary Jo White and SEC Commissioner Louis Aguilar
have made clear that financial institutions and regulated firms must be proactive and develop and maintain effective
information security programs. The results of the OCIE Cybersecurity Exam Summary were released on Feb 3, 2015 after
examining 57 registered broker–dealers and 49 registered investment advisers. The firms selected were intended to
provide a cross–section of the industry. The staff focused on identifying risks related to cybersecurity, cybersecurity
governance, policies and procedures, oversight processes, vendor and third party risk, detecting unauthorized activity, and
protecting firm networks.
Key Observations from the Exam Sweep:
93% of the broker–dealers and 83% of the investment advisers have adopted security policies and procedures, and also
conduct periodic audits to assess compliance with such policies and procedures;
Business continuity and disaster recovery plans are the area that most often address the impact of cyber–attacks or
intrusions and outline

Online Banking And Its Impact On The United States
Introduction:
Since the 1980's, online banking has made the lives of everyday people more convenient. With the new innovations and
creations to computers, online banking has grown to become the most used form of banking in the US (5). From the first
ATM to mobile banking technology has helped shape One of the first computerized innovations to online banking, the
credit card, revolutionized how cash was money was used in society.
1950 – 1960's:
During the 1950 a man named Frank X. McNamara, was sitting at dinner when he realized he had left the house without
cash. After having to call his wife to bring him some, he vowed to create something to solve this problem. That same year
McNamara and his friends started the first credit company ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1970's – 1980's:
About 20 years later in 1981, a few New York City banks including, Citibank and Chase Manhattan, introduced the first
form of online banking to the US. The first service allowed customers to send transfers and bills by connecting the TV set
and telephone line (7). While this is different than what we think of as traditional online banking, this was the cornerstone
to what online banking has become today.
1990 – 1995:
After a long absence of innovations to online banking, Stanford Credit Union was the first financial institution to offer
online banking to all of its customers in 1994(7). This was important for online banking because it set a standard that
helped get more financial institutions on board with online banking. That same year, online banking was built into
Microsoft's money personal finance sloppy disc software. Over 100,000 began accessing online banking using this device
(5).
1996 – 2000:
By the mid 1990's most of the major banks now offered online Bill Pay to all of its customers for a small monthly fee (6).
By this time, online banking has begun to grow rapidly, along with the concerns for customer security. Like with many
changing technologies, many customers of online banking become skeptical of how well the technology could protect
them. With growing concerns from customers, banks began increasing their security with online accounts (7).
2001 – 2005:
In 2001, it was reported that eight US banks now have at least one

Assessment And Recommendations For U.s. Banking System And...
BA526 Assessment and Recommendations for the U.S. Banking System and Global Economy 7/18/2015 ASSESSMENT
OF THE U.S. BANKING SYSTEM AND GLOBAL ECONOMY 2 Table of Contents Part 1: Assessment of Current
State of U.S. Banking System and Global Economy ................. 3 Functions and Roles of U.S. Financial Institutions
.......................................................................... 3 Impact of Monetary Tools Used by the Federal Reserve
............................................................... 6 How the Banking System Impacts Supply and Demand within Business
.................................... 9 Role of Money Markets, Stock Markets, and Over–the–Counter Markets ...................................
11 Part 2: Recommendations for How U.S. Can Improve Banking Regulations ............................ 14 Current Banking
Regulations and the History of How They Came to Be ................................... 14 Improving Regulatory Practices
....................................................................................................... 18 The Future of Domestic and International Central
Banking ......................................................... 21 References
.......................................................................................................................................... 23 ASSESSMENT OF THE U.S.
BANKING SYSTEM AND GLOBAL ECONOMY 3 Part 1: Assessment of Current State of U.S. Banking System and
Global Economy Functions and Roles

The Internet And Other Electronic Media
The internet and other electronic media have had a positive impact on the lives of individuals and businesses all over the
world. Online banking is a phenomena that was established to make the banking services easier and accessible for the
customers. In Saudi Arabia, many people prefer wait in the bank to pay their bills rather than doing it online. This
research investigate the extent of using online banking in Saudi Arabia, the associated problems of not using online
banking and suggest a solutions for the financial industry in order to enhance it is online services.
Introduction:
The banking arena during the last decade has seen a significant expansion in banking technology. The most prominent
aspects of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council,2003). The usual E–banking services provided by banks are account
management; bill payment and presentment; new account opening; consumer wire transfers; investment/brokerage
services; loan application and approval; account aggregation; cash management ; small business loan applications,
approvals, or advances; commercial wire transfers; business–to–business payments; employee benefits/pension
administration etc. Online banking or E–banking has spread around the world and has become common these days. In
general, banking services have changed over the past three decades to meet the consumers' needs (McKinsey &
Company, 2012); at that time, when the consumer needed money for purchases or to make a transaction, he needed to go
to the bank by himself during the bank hours and perhaps waited in a long line to meet a human teller to implement his
transaction. Nowadays, due to the E–channels that surfaced with the development of technology and the Internet, the
processes of banking have changed. The consumer can make a transaction from one account to another while sitting in
his couch anytime and anywhere.
The emergence and evolution of online banking:
Since the early 1980s, innovations in online banking have been varied in the finance world. At the time they called it

Financial Markets And Institutions Essay
Financial Markets and Institutions
SEVENTH EDITION
The Prentice Hall Series in Finance
Alexander/Sharpe/Bailey
Geisst
Fundamentals of Investments
Megginson
Investment Banking in the Financial
System
Andersen
Corporate Finance Theory
Melvin
Global Derivatives: A Strategic Risk
Management Perspective
Bear/Moldonado–Bear
Gitman
International Money and Finance
Principles of Managerial Finance*
Principles of Managerial Finance––
Brief Edition*
Mishkin/Eakins
Financial Markets and Institutions
Free Markets, Finance, Ethics, and Law
Moffett
Gitman/Joehnk
Berk/DeMarzo
Fundamentals of Investing*

Corporate Finance*
Corporate Finance: The Core*
Cases in International Finance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mishkin
Graduate School of Business, Columbia University
Stanley G. Eakins
East Carolina University
Prentice Hall
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
Editorial Director: Sally Yagan
Editor in Chief: Donna Battista
Acquisitions Editor: Noel Kamm Seibert
Editorial Project Manager: Melissa Pellerano
Director of Marketing: Patrice Jones
Full–Service Project Management/Composition:
GEX Publishing Services
Managing Editor: Nancy Fenton
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Images; Tupungato/Shutterstock Images;
HenryHo/Shutterstock Images
Media Producer: Nicole Sackin
Supplements Editor: Alison Eudsen
Printer/Binder: R.R. Donnelley, Willard
Cover

Online Banking Essays
Online Banking
Introduction
The World Wide Web has changed our culture in so many ways. People are able to do so many activities over the World
Wide Web, it is unbelievable. You can pursue a degree through online universities, communicate with users around the
world, purchase goods and services online, and yes, you can bank and pay your bills online. This new technology has
enabled us to make payments, maintain a checking/debit card account, balance transfers, all via the web. You can
maintain your entire financial portfolio through online banks that provide this feature. There are online banks that can
provide interactivity between popular financial management software programs, such as Quicken and Microsoft Money.
When using ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These services used to range from free to fifteen dollars per month.
Disadvantages of online banking include the amount of time it takes to create and authorize your account. In most cases,
you will be required to visit the local branch to sign verification papers and provide authentic identification. I must say I
disagree with the article calling this a disadvantage. It is certainly not convenient, but I would not call it a disadvantage.
The learning curve is listed as a disadvantage. Online banking sites can be very difficult to navigate, especially for new
users.
Finally, and probably the most obvious, is the issue of trust you have in your online banking facility. How secure is the
transmission of my private information? How can I be sure the transaction went through? Who else will have access to
my information? This trust issue and skepticism of security is by far the biggest concern of potential online banking
consumers. The Ponemon Institute is dedicated to studying ethical information management practices and research. The
institute conducted a survey this year entitled Privacy Trust Survey for Online Banking with 2,300 participants. In the
institute's research, it is found that eighty two percent of banking consumers say identity theft is their main concern. The
next two biggest concerns are telemarketing abuse and unauthorized

Risks of a Dos Attack
The security perspective of an e–commerce company varies based on its business model. iPremier follows a Business–to–
consumer (B2C) model and the entire sales come directly through web sales i.e. online B2C transactions. Hence the IT
security of iPremier should center on the protection of the customer information and needs. The Federal Reserve includes
six types of risks a company could face because of an Information Technology (IT) breach, which are credit, market,
liquidity, operational, legal, and reputational in nature (FFIEC, 2006). iPremier faces operational, reputational, legal and
market risks in the current situation following the Denial of Service (DoS) attack.
COSTS OF A BREACH
No customer will buy a product from a website ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cyber attacks of a nature similar to the DoS attack are a real threat to the operations of any networked system. Prudent
planning and preparation can help the organization to minimize the impact of these potentially damaging attacks. The
following recommendations can help the company transform from a level where such attacks could cause a total system
shutdown to a level where such attacks could cause a slight inconvenience:
DETECT
iPremier should analyze the root cause of the attack with priority. This involves tracking back and analyzing each file to
identify which files should not be on the production system. The current logging system is not efficient and the
company's "fingerprints" on the files are not up–to–date. As a result, examination of each file is the only possible way to
identify the source of the attack. Risk management groups should be formed to assess the security incident and its effects.
A co–operative involvement from the senior management of the company to categorize these threats, identify assets and
prioritize the impact of the attacks will assist the risk management group to customize their approach. The risk
management group should also enlist the measures needed to take care of the aftermaths of the security breach.
Deploying intrusion detection systems and monitoring and logging mechanisms can aid in attack detection. After the
postmortem of the attack, the team should start identifying other possible issues with the

State Policy Case Study
State Policy There are various policies that has been adopted in different states and the identified policies varies from the
establishment of evidence–based fall prevention programs; education and training of healthcare professionals;
incorporation of fall prevention guideline into state and local planning that affect housing, transportation, parks,
recreational facilities and other public facilities; and change of home modification policies. The two policies that were
unique and aiming the different dimension of issues to prevent falls are discussed below: California Welfare and
Institutions Code 9450. Under the California Welfare and Institutions Code 9450, it is required to develop the "aging in
place" concept so that the state can recognized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, if someone within the House of Senate or Representative would oppose to the bills related to falls and make
argument on the basis of the financial crisis. Like other policy, one of main concern of the opponent of the legislation
related to falls prevention would be the inadequate funding. In the U.S., majority of policies are developed around two
spectrum of life i.e. children and old people. There are several other policies such as the Social Security Act, and
Medicare, which are unable to provide services to all older adults due to lack of funding. The opponent will argue that it
will be challenging to coordinate, expand, and provide stable funding to establish effective programs that can be
replicated and sustained throughout the

Advertising through Social Media
Due to technological advancements and the mainstream culture of the United States, businesses are looking for more
proficient ways to advertise and sell their goods to consumers.
Since the internet and social media have taken off in popularity, consumers are noticing that social media can lead them
to better sources for purchasing goods. Just as consumers are realizing the importance of social media, businesses have
turned to using social media as a filter to reach their business and marketing goals. As the business environment changes,
businesses are focusing on legal astuteness, alternative dispute resolutions and government regulation. Social media
market managers recognize the importance of legal astuteness. "Legal astuteness [...] is a valuable managerial capability
that enables firms to increase realizable value in four [...] components" (Bagley, 2008, p. 387). These four components
are: a set of value– laden attitudes, context specific knowledge of the relevant law and the appropriate application of legal
tools, the ability to exercise informed judgment, and a proactive approach. Ensuring a set of value–laden attitudes ensures
company growth and attainment. Within these attitudes, social media market managers understand that law is
fundamental to a business's success. Managers comprehend that law creates the rules as well as heavily influences the
societal consensus on moral expectations and moral values, as well as their development through time. The law doesn't
allow

The University Of Mississippi State University Essay
Mississippi State University
Mississippi State University was founded in the 1870's as a land–grant college. Today, the university is comprised of
eight different colleges that offer over 160 degrees. These include many master and doctoral degree programs. Some of
the most popular programs include nursing, business, counseling and psychology. Over 70 percent of students are
Mississippi residents. Every year, over 20,000 students attend the university. The six–year graduation rate is around 60
percent and the annual retention rate is around 80 percent. The Shackouls Honors College helps over 1,300 academically
impressive students take small, exclusive classes. There are around 1,200 faculty members and a total of 4,300 staff. The
student to faculty ratio is 20 to one. The main campus has over 730 buildings spread over 4,200 acres. The main campus
library boasts over two million volumes. Alumni include Josh Grisham, popular writer of thriller novels, William
Faulkner, Nobel laureate author, and James Meredith, who was a leader in the American civil rights movement.
Mississippi State University Accreditation Details
– Southern Association of Colleges and Schools' Commission on Colleges.
–Psychology programs are accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) and the Council for
Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs.
Mississippi State University Application Requirements
Admission to Mississippi State University is only granted to high

Single vs Multiple Financial Regulators
SINGLE Vs. MULTIPLE FINANCIAL REGULATORS
An analysis of the financial regulatory systems followed around the world
By: Sudharsan S Sandeep Kumar Natharali Razvi Vijay PJ Natarajan P Neeraj Kannoth (118) (110) (32) (59) (31) (106)
INTRODUCTION
Financial systems and financial regulators are entities setup by the government of a country to ensure the availability and
flow of financial resources in a fair and lawful manner without exploitation or monopolization of the resource by
individuals or organizations. The task of ensuring the availability of finance and its transference is taken up by the
financial systems of a country while the task of monitoring and regulating is taken up by the financial regulator.
Financial System
A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the same time, the regulators should be as transparent as possible and fully accountable. The accountability and
transparency of the regulator will increase the credibility of the regulator and in–turn benefit the regulated entity. Types of
Financial Regulation Financial regulation in a country can be done either by a single body called a single regulator or
multiple bodies co–existing and working together or in a hierarchy of entities known as multiple regulators. A regulator
whether single or multiple does not determine the economic standing of a country or its financial strength. Many
developed countries of the world follow either the system of single regulation or multiple regulations. Often in times of
economic crisis or financial boom in the country's economy the government of the nation will review its regulatory
system and choose to expand or close down some of its regulatory bodies.
Single Regulators: are entities empowered by the governments of a country to regulate the entire financial system
framework of a country by itself. Some of the countries which follow single regulatory system are:     Financial
Services Agency (FSA), Japan Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin), Germany Autorité des marchés
financiers (France) (AMF), France Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), Singapore
Multiple regulators: are

Community Reinvestment Act
According to Bates & Robb (2015), the history of subprime mortgage lending dates back to the early 1970's when the
Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) passed. The CRA change the way federally chartered banks loan money in inner–
city communities to primarily low income and minority consumers (Schuchter, & Jutte, 2014). The intent of the CRA was
not to prevent the financial crisis; however, it did play a role in the mortgage crisis. The original indictment of the statute,
however, it failed to insulate low– and moderate–income communities from the harshest impacts of the crisis (Brescia,
2014). The CRA legislation purpose is to generate a response to lending activities that occurred primarily in urban
communities, but it also applies to depository ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The financial crisis emerged because of an excessive deregulation of business operation of financial institutions and of
abusing the securitization mechanism in the absence of clearly defined rules to regulate this area in the American
mortgage market (Krstić, Jemović, & Radojičić, 2013). Deregulation gives larger banks the opportunity to loosen
underwriting lender guidelines and generate increase opportunity for homeownership (Kroszner & Strahan, 2013). After
deregulation, banks utilized many versions of mortgage loans. Mortgage loans such as subprime and Alternative–A paper
loans became available for borrowers challenged to find mortgage lenders before deregulation (Elbarouki, 2016; Palmer,
2015). The housing market has been severely affected by fluctuating interest rates and the requirement of large down
payment (Follain, & Giertz, 2013). The subprime lending crisis has taken a toll on the nation's economy since 2007.
Individuals who lacked sufficient credit ratings or down payments resorted to subprime mortgages to finance their homes
Defaults on subprime and other mortgages precipitated the foreclosure crisis, which contributed to the recent recession
and national financial crisis (Odetunde, 2015). Subprime mortgages were appropriate for borrowers with substandard
credit and Alternate–A paper loans were

TEACHER EDUCATION IN NIGERIA IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF...
Northeast Normal University
MASTERS PROGRAM
FACAULTY OF EDUCATION
RESEARCH ON TEACHER EDUCATION
TOPIC: TEACHER EDUCATION IN NIGERIA IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LIFE–LONG EDUCATION
LECTURER: PROF. RAO CONG–MAN et al
PRESENTER: DIDAM BANENAT
DATE: JUNE, 2013.
CONTENTS
An overview of Nigeria
Introduction
Educational Structure of Nigeria
Management of the Educational System
Genesis of Teacher Education in Nigeria
Colleges of Education in Nigeria
The National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE)
The National Teachers' Institution (NTI) Kaduna
Lifelong Education
Policy and Practice vis–à–vis Lifelong Education
Lifelong Teacher Education Model
The Challenges to Teacher Education
Suggestions for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Management of the Educational System
Education in Nigeria is the shared responsibility of the federal, state and local governments. The Federal Ministry of
Education plays a dominant role in regulating the education sector, engaging in policy formation and ensuring quality
control. However, the federal government is more directly involved with tertiary education than it is with school
education, which is largely the responsibility of state (secondary) and local (primary) governments. The education sector
is divided into three sub–sectors: basic (nine years), post–basic/senior secondary (three years), and tertiary (four to seven
years, depending on the major or course of study). Education in Nigeria is provided by public and private institutions.
Education is placed on the concurrent legislative list in the 1999 constitution that provides the legal framework for
educational management in Nigeria. This implies that both Federal and State governments have legislative jurisdiction
and corresponding functional responsibilities with respect to education. By this arrangement, a few functions are
exclusively assigned to the Federal or State government, most of the functions and responsibilities are in fact shared by
the three tiers of government. Statutorily, the Federal Ministry of Education (FME) is at the apex of the regulation and
management of education in the country and to discharge this mandate, the ministry is

Recovery Options : Disaster Recovery Plan
RECOVERY OPTIONS Disaster recovery plan consists of protecting and recovering information systems to resume
normal business operations in the most cost–effective manner. A disaster recovery plan ensures that all business processes
and systems can be restored to its original state. Personnel are critical to the recovery of the restoration of business
processes; therefore it is essential to have well–trained staff that will remain calm during an emergency, realize the
potential threats that may affect the normal business operations (Snedaker, 2007). Recovery staff must develop a plan
with step–by–step procedures that can be safely implemented without jeopardizing their lives or the lives of others.
Furthermore, a wide–ranging annual training program must be developed for all employees; documentation of all annual
training will be maintained to ensure that everyone understands their respective roles in the recovery process. In addition,
an audit trail should be maintained to document management 's training efforts (Snedaker, 2007). During the BIA a threat
assessment should be conducted to determine the impact a disastrous event would have on the organization. According to
Bosworth, disaster recovery scenarios are lists of specific threats that cause specific damage which is then categorized by
the scope of damage it is known for. Once the characteristics of specific threats are known, then mitigation measures can
be applied (Bosworth, Kabay, & Whyne, 2014). After reviewing

The State Of California Governing Bodies Essay
The State of California Governing Bodies The California Postsecondary Education Commission was granted puissant
duties and powers in 1974, after replacing the Coordinating Council for Higher Education (Education Commission of the
States, 2016). The commission does not serve as a governing board but as an advisory committee to the House of
Representatives, governor, and higher education institutions, with matters paramount to education policies (Education
Commission of States, 2016). The commission holds the authority to review state public and private higher education
institutions financial records, budgets, academic programs and provide recommendations for campus expansions.
However, the primary function of the commission is to coordinate practices that prevent redundancy within the education
divisions (Education Commission of States, 2016). The focus of the commission is driven by the state's strategic work
plan, for which goals are established targeting institutional areas of concern. Members of the commission constitutes 16
people, 9 in which are selected by the public, 3 appointed by the governor, 3 by the Senate Rules Committee and 3 by the
California Assembly speaker (Education Commission of States, 2016). A representative from the University of California
Boards of Regents, California State University Board of Trustees, California's Community College, State Board of
Education and California Independent colleges and universities represent the five

Dodd Frank As An Effective Measure Against
After more than seven years after the financial crisis, there is a great debate among
politicians and economists as to what the best policies are to prevent such a catastrophe from
happening again. So in the aftermath of the financial meltdown, Congress passed the Dodd–
Frank Act which brought in multitude of financial stipulations and rules that were aimed at
avoiding another disaster. There are some who see Dodd–Frank as an effective measure against
the causes that led to the 2008 crisis. They view Dodd–Frank as a comprehensive and powerful
tool to curtail systemic risk. On the other hand, there are critics who see Dodd–Frank as a
symbolic piece of legislation that does nothing more than give lip service to those who demand
more stringent regulations. After a careful examination of the Dodd–Frank, it can be shown that
Dodd–Frank is not a symbolic piece of legislation, but a law that will give the government the
ability to mitigate the chances of systemic risk from tanking the financial system.
When discussing symbolic pieces of legislation, one must clearly mark the line that
differentiates symbolic laws from effective ones. Symbolic laws can be described as those that
"are enacted with much publicity, but that are not truly designed to accomplish their purported
goals" (Suarez 5). Essentially, when laws are passed they should do more than talk about the
problems but must actually give the ways in which the laws will deal with the problems. Now,
the issue

The Establishment Of The Maastricht Treaty

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