The Importance Of The Business Climate Of New Zealand

The Importance Of The Business Climate Of New Zealand
New Zealand's business climate reflects their overall culture; entrepreneurs are highly encouraged to visit before deciding to start a business, to
ensure they can assimilate to the lifestyle. New Zealand (NZ) is very tightly networked, natives may seem reserved to expats but after a relationship
is established natives are very friendly, outgoing and social. Opposed to countries with corruption, New Zealanders trust everyone until it is no longer
deserved, making it imperative to be honest, direct, and demonstrate a sense of humor. Rated as the easiest place in the world to start a business, NZ
welcomes entrepreneurs who desire establishing, owning and operating a business in NZ with few restrictions. Portions of the process are... Show more
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Understanding NZ's governmental framework is acute to discussing these effects. New Zealand's governing body advises the head of State, consistent
with a constitutional monarchy. New Zealand's head of State is the Sovereign, Queen Elizabeth II of NZ. The Governor–General, Patsy Reddy, who's
the Queen's representative in NZ. New Zealand's government is composed of three branches; the Executive, the Judiciary, and the Parliament, who are
democratically elected to a unicameral parliament; the House of Representatives. The Sovereign's role in Parliament includes opening and dissolving
Parliament, and giving the Royal assent to bills passed in the House of Representatives. New Zealand is considered a responsible government due to
the fact the government is formed by appointing Ministers who must first be elected members of Parliament. Ministers are responsible to Parliament,
both collectively for the overall performance of the government, and individually for the performance of their portfolios. New Zealand's House of
Representatives is elected using the mixed member proportional representation (MMP) voting system. Each elector has two votes – one for a local
member of Parliament and one for a preferred political party. Political parties are represented in Parliament in proportion to the share of votes each
party won in the party vote in the
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The Role Of Education In The New Zealand Government
Assignment 1 – Three related pieces of writing
With the New Zealand election looming in just under six weeks, politics has dominated national news, sparking interest for even a twenty–year–old
university student like myself. Having never voted in an election, my knowledge of the political system, and the terminology for that matter is far
from adequate. Stepping into the shoes of a politician, this paper has allowed me to examine the two key ideologies that have shaped the radical
reforms in New Zealand politics and more specifically, how these have influenced the role of education.
An account of social democracy, showing your understanding of its strengths and/ or limitations in Aotearoa/New Zealand. вЂЁ
After the Great Depression, New ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
124, Beeby, 1992).
Throughout this period, it is arguably mentioned that this was the closest New Zealand had reached to a fair system. Carpenter (date) manifested this,
indicating that for low socioeconomic households, this was the time theoretically, that they could achieve, as there was well–managed equality to the
access of resources across the social strata. Unfortunately, what comes up must always come down, and what was once a stable society, fell in the
wake of the 1940s, forcing tight economic controls and further weakening the government after several global economic crises (Rashburge, 2013). This
was the downfall of social democracy, resulting in the uprise of the National Party.
One of the most prominent eВ¬xamples of social democracy was the New Zealand Milk in Schools Schemes, which was inaugurated by the Labour
Government in 1936. The purpose was to provide school children with free milk to improve the health of young New Zealanders and make use of the
surplus milk (Ministry for Culture and Heritage, 2017). Up until 1967, thousands of children gulped down their daily ration of milk. Ministry for
Culture and Heritage (2017) added that this scheme arose not from financial inability, but rather from the lack of knowledge of the necessary dietary
needs

The Electoral System Of New Zealand Essay
The government in New Zealand is chosen via an electoral system, which currently is the Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) system. In simple
terms, an electoral system is a key component in making a government. Prime Ministers are only successful under the MMP system if they have the
required qualities that are needed. This essay will talk about one such Prime Minister namely Helen Clark. Further, it will provide an insight to the
MMP electoral system as opposed to the First–Past–the–Post (FPP) electoral system. The essay will then differentiate between the required leadership
qualities under MMP and FPP electoral systems. The essay will also shower some light on Helen Clark's leadership under the MMP electoral system.
It will then conclude by determining whether Helen Clark was successful under MMP or not and whether she possessed the required qualities of
successful prime ministerial leadership under MMP system.
To start with, Mixed Member Proportional electoral system was chosen by the legal voters of New Zealand in a binding referendum that was initially
started in 1992, where it obtained an astonishing 85% support. The second electoral referendum was carried out in 1993 and MMP got 54% support.
Upon this referendum, New Zealand's new electoral system was embraced. (The Road to MMP 2012, p. 3) Prior to 1993, the predominantly used
electoral system was the First–Past–the–Post system. "Under the FPP system, each voter has one vote and the candidate who receives the most votes

Essay The Role And Functions Of New Zealand Government
The New Zealand Government has made significant changes to the economy throughout the last 15 years. The operation and organisation of business
activity in New Zealand has been affected by this changing economy. All aspects of the New Zealand Government have been altered. The reason for
this change was to improve the performance by being more efficient. The key reforms are privatisation and corporatisation of State Owned Enterprises
(SOEs) and restructuring government agencies.
The most significant change was the election of the Labour Party in 1984, which ended the Muldoon Administration. At this time,New Zealand was in a
rut because of poor economic management by the previous Government. Unemployment was high in 1983 and still ... Show more content on
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Some restructuring and reforms affected these sectors.
The New Zealand Government owned many enterprises such as State Insurance, Air New Zealand, New Zealand Rail, The Bank of New Zealand,
and Telecom. In 1987 most of these assets were sold. By doing this it meant the Government could pay off large accumulated debts and allow these
companies to become more efficient. After the sale of these SOEs that the New Zealand Government has become more efficient too, they can focus on
their primary task by providing essential services. Some of these services include public hospitals, education, benefits, and emergency relief.
From the reforms came a radical change in New Zealand trade. In 1984 the Government devalued the New Zealand Dollar by 20%, then in 1985
introduced a floating exchange rate. Along with that, the removal of agricultural subsidies and import tariffs. It allowed New Zealand to be a fairer
country to trade with. As a direct result, the trade competitive index jumped from 0.72 on 1985 to 0.98 in 1987. Foreign investment increased as the
New Zealand Dollar strengthened against the 'green back' and the pound. Consequently, importing and exporting firms benefited from the change in
policies.
The services that the New Zealand Government provides have ongoing restructuring (which means altering an already established department) in the
State Sector. The State Sector Act 1988, "which departmental Chief Executive is fully

Women 's Rights Of The New Zealand
New Zealand Women have had the completely equal rights with men before the rest of the world since 1840. In 1840 was the first organized British
immigration started to move to New Zealand. Theoretically, these rights would be a vague rules as long as it not applied so Women's right in New
Zealand was changing until a female Prime Minister was chosen in 1997 which is a milestone of the women's rights attaining equality. Some females
active in politics mainly affected the New Zealand society to formulate women's basic rights, resulted that women have become more independent and
brave to stand for their freedom instead of blind marriage for example . this essay will demonstrate how women have moved from being trapped as
accessories to males to being independent individuals in their own rights.
One of the significant women life story is Barbara Weldon . A woman represented by the low–educated women in New Zealand. She was born in 1829,
Country Limerick, Ireland. In 1861, she "made a number of court appearance for drink related offenses and also known as 'a notorious character ' in
Melbourne, Australia." (Hutchison, 1990). She moved to Dunedin, New Zealand by early 1863 when gold was discovered in the West Coast and
work as a prostitute for her living. By the time in 19th centuries, prostitution was not in itself a criminal offense. However, She finally received a
one–way ticket to Hokitika from Dunedin Resident Magistrate 's Court on charges of drunkenness and disorderly

Analyse the main advantages and disadvantages of European...
Topic: Analyse the main advantages and disadvantages of European Union enlargement for a) existing members and b) for applicant countries.
In 2004 we will see the biggest enlargement in the history of the EU. All previous enlargements have significantly impacted on the regional focus of
the EU's external policies. The countries joining the EU in 2004 are Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland,
Slovakia and Slovenia and will expand the European Union from currently 15 members to 25.
The question is, whether this enlargement will be beneficial or not. Let us analyse what the main advantages and disadvantages of the EU enlargement
could be.
Supporters of enlargement say the process represents a historic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This occurs when consumption shifts from a lower cost producer outside the trading bloc a higher cost one within it. Assume the most efficient
producer of lamb in the world is New Zealand – a country outside of the EU. Assume that before membership Russia for example an identical tariff on
lamb from any country, it would therefore import lamb from New Zealand rather than the EU. After joining the EU the removal of the tariff made the
EU lamb cheaper as the tariff remains on the New Zealand lamb. The consumption is therefore switched to the higher cost EU lamb.
In the diagram above, before joining the EC the UK was importing lamb from New Zealand at price P1 (the New Zealand price the tariff). At this
price the UK consumed Q1, produced Q2 domestically and therefore imported the remainder Q1 – Q2. On joining the EC it is now possible to consume
the EC tariff free price of P2 (this is above the New Zealand tariff free price of P3).
It is also questionable whether the joining countries will be able to maintain competitiveness against the more powerful Western EU–countries. If this
fails there will be a risk of higher unemployment.
There too, is the fear of richer countries buying the east European countries land to cheap prices and merge inlands companies. Furthermore there is the
fear that qualified labour will migrate to Western European countries, where they can earn much more money.
Now you have seen the advantages and disadvantages for the joining counties. Let us

The Bombing Of The Rainbow Warrior
Introduction
The bombing of the Rainbow Warrior was a significant event in the history of New Zealand. It was the first ever act of terrorism in New Zealand.
On July the 10th 1985 two French spies planted 2 bombs on Greenpeace's the Rainbow Warrior. At 11:38pm the first bomb went off blasting a hole
about the size of a car. Then at 11:45pm the second bomb went off. Photographer Fernando Pereira drowned when the vessel sunk as after the first
blast went off he went a tried to retrieve his camera equipment. This tragic event had a lot of consequences as not only did it kill Fernando it also put
fear in the minds of New Zealanders because it was the first ever act of terrorism in the country. This report will describe what was happening leading
up to the event with the nuclear free legislation starting to take effect in New Zealand at the time and also the cold war was starting to heat up again. It
will also describe what the Rainbow Warrior was used for before the sinking of it when it was with Greenpeace and when it was with UK ministry of
Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. The report will also explain what happen on the day of the bombing and the trial of the two French spies. It will also
describes in the report the consequences of this act of terrorism to the relationship of ANZUS and the nuclear free legislation. The report will also
analyse the significance of the bombing to New Zealand with the many people affected by this act of terrorism.
What was happening in the

Women And Women 's Political Status
Traditionally, politics has been a gendered occupation. Men and women have been socially constructed to believe only men are capable of political
representation. The problem lies within an institutional bias, where unnatural distinctions have been put in place from a young age. In New Zealand,
the presence and contribution of women have been pivotal to the make up of contemporary party politics. Achieving parliamentary recognition and
political representation peaked during the 1970s when the country was experiencing large changes in its economic and social environment. Through
activism and pressure groups, women were able to seek recognition in New Zealand's political domain. The change to Mixed Member Proportional
(MMP) eased the access of different political groups to parliament, improving the representation of minority groups such as women that have been
under–represented in politics. Proportional representation offered new opportunities in terms of policy change through women's political participation.
It has, however, been argued that the structure of proportional representation has been a hindrance toward a significant step forward for women's
political participation. This essay will discuss to what extent the contribution of women through time, coupled with the shift to a new electoral system
in a changing social environment, has been a step forward for women's political participation in New Zealand party politics.
Kate Sheppard and other suffrage campaigners

New Zealand Involvement During The Afghanistan War
New Zealand involvement in the Afghanistan War, related to the war in Afghanistan which has occurred from 1978– referred to as the second Afghan
Civil War ("Afghanistan Key facts and figures,"). Afghanistan is very complex place, with many different ethnic groups and languages, this is due to
the geographical location of Afghanistan, a bit of a intersection of sorts culturally, the conflict that mostly influenced the beginning of what would
eventually get New Zealand involved in the Afghanistan war was when Russia was pushing for more control and bordering on Afghanistan–this lead
to communism with the Soviet Union, then the communism movement collapsed, and the eventual taking over of control of Afghanistan occurred by the
Taliban– The Taliban were in control from around 1992 . But from 1996 to 2001 was the period commonly referred to as the "Taliban period"
("Taliban Facts, information, pictures,")– when the Taliban were most dominant. The Taliban originated from northern Pakistan, and were resistance
fighters known as Mujahideen, who fought against the Russian Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan ("Taliban Regime,"). The Taliban are a Islamic
fundamentalist political organisation that formed a government, and ruled the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001, initially looking like
saviours to the people as they fought and won against a Russians, but once they took over they inflicted strict and harsh policies upon the people of
Afghanistan, and were well

The Nuclear Ship Issue Of New Zealand Essay
1)What exactly is the 'the nuclear ships issue', to what extent has it impaired the NZ–US diplomatic relationship, and how has this impairment now
been minimised?
NZ and US relations
Daniel Graham
8486535
Politics 240
09/09/2015
What exactly is the nuclear ships issue? The simple answer would be suggesting that it was the visitation of US nuclear ships into New Zealand waters
throughout the 1980's, however the nuclear ships issue was more sophisticated event. For New Zealand, the nuclear ships issue was more about
national identity, enacting policy and patriotism. As a nation, the New Zealand public had influenced its desire to change what the country was to
stand for. Being one of the most major diplomatic struggles for New Zealand, the nuclear ships issue was significant in demonstrating a clash between
the United States and New Zealand's foreign policies. Overall, the nuclear ships issue was a vital component in the shaping of New Zealand's national
identity.
Being part of the commonwealth, New Zealand has traditionally been close trading partners with the United Kingdom, however with Britain entering
the EU in 1973, New Zealand was forced to find other trading partners to sustain the country's economy. The formation of the Australian, New Zealand
and United States security treaty 1951 (ANZUS) had played a significant role in the Nuclear ships disputes throughout the 1980's. The visitation of US
nuclear powered and armed war ships had a significant

Media And Its Impact On The Political Movement Essay
The norm of journalism is to present information or news to the general public via mass media. Thus, it plays an important part in everyday life.
Notwithstanding, media have a vigorous relation with politics especially among the democratic societies (Fernandez–Quijada 2013). Moreover, the
media is also perceived as the "fourth estate" due to the fact that it able to influence and affects the perceptions of the general public towards the
political movement (Kemp 2013). However, in comparison to the past, nowadays, the modernisation of technology, the change of social patterns and
political conditions somewhat change how the media works (Gerth & Siegert 2012). In their article stated that media companies are predominantly
private–owned companies, thus, the media are more to market orientation. Therefore, the media are not necessarily providing vital information to the
general public (Gerth & Siegert 2012). Henceforth, the media commonly utilise the practise of framing to provide information on political matter to the
general public (Hanggli 2012). Framing denotes how the role of media influences its audiences in interpreting and contemplating on issues provided
(Kemp 2013). Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to analyse how the media presents the overall political contents in newspaper from the New
Zealand Herald dated April 23rd and how framing in the political contents influences the general public. The advancement and modernisation of
technology transform how

The Effects Of Immigration On The Labour Market
The issue of immigration restrictions has been a widely discussed topic in New Zealand, where migrants account for approximately one–quarter of the
total population (United Nations, 2015). Some argue that the government has the responsibility to protect native workers, property rights against
inflation and taxpayers, thus, should restrict immigration. However, others believe that the immigration policy achieves its intended purpose and that
the migrants, eventually, bring tremendous positive economic outcomes, although they cause a few problems. This essay will discuss the debate and
outline the effects of immigration on the labour market, the housing market and public funding and will consider the necessity for more restrictions.
Economic considerations play more important roles, in changing immigration policies, than other factors, such as demographics, society, and culture.
The immigration history of New Zealand started two hundred years ago. Most people, who migrated to take advantage of opportunities to exploit
natural resources, had come from the United Kingdom and Ireland, and had often gone, via Australia, for over 150 years (Phillips, 2013). After the
Second World War, the immigration policies focused on the labour market, in respond to the demand for skilled workers (Akbari and MacDonald,
2014). After the post–war baby boom, in 1975 and 1987, immigration policies changed and started to receive migrants, according to their potential
contribution and not their

Cultural Tensions : New Zealand Essay
According to Professor James Liu "New Zealand is "demographically multicultural, formally bicultural, and with few exceptions, institutionally
mono–cultural." What does he mean and to what extent do current and recent policy controversies suggest that cultural tension remains a significant
challenge in New Zealand?
In the statement made by Professor James Liu he claims that New Zealand is "demographically multicultural, formally bicultural, and with few
exceptions, institutionally mono–cultural." (Liu, 2007) In this essay I will explain some of the cultural tensions that exist in New Zealand such as the
foreshore and seabed controversy, and how policy has been formulated to both support and attempted to rectify the disparities between MДЃori and
non–MДЃori New Zealanders, I will also argue that New Zealand public policy may need a change in its direction considering the growing cultural
diversity, but multicultural policy may not be the ideal alternative.
Policy tensions surrounding culture in New Zealand have existed since the European settlers arrived. This is most prominently related to the nature of
settler societies, not just in New Zealand but in many other nations around the world including Canada and Australia (Bromell, 2008, p. 31). But New
Zealand is unique in the regards to the Treaty of Waitangi, which has set the foundations of the countries public policy and constitutional arrangements.
The argument that New Zealand is bi–cultural is probably the most evident

Essay On New Zealand Election
This year has been a year of furious campaigning for the National party and the Labour party, as it was a very close battle for who will run the
government. In 2017, the elections were held on the 23rd of September, from 9am until 7pm. During this day, the votes were being counted as they
were coming in, and at the end of the evening National had earned 56 seats, Labour earning 46 seats. Later on the special votes were counted, which
are votes that New Zealand citizens make when they are overseas during the election. Although the National party got the most seats, it still wasn't
enough to completely be government because of New Zealand's MMP system, therefore a coalition agreement had to be made. After taking offers from
both the National ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This will be part of a new light rail network that will be built over the next decade with routes to the central suburbs, the airport, West Auckland and
will later be extended to the North Shore". Labour has taken initiative and has started to deal with Auckland's issues, rather than delaying them like the
previous government has displayed. I strongly believe that Auckland's traffic can decrease with some action from the government, which is one of the
many reasons why I fully support the Labour party.
Another one of Labour's amazing policies is their new and improved education policy. Labour believes that education gives New Zealand's
younger people the freedom and opportunities to be the best they can be and contribute to making New Zealand an even better place to live.
Labour has said that they will invest an extra 4 billion dollars over four years to deliver a modern education system. This funding includes 1.8
billon dollars to deliver more teachers, better professional development, more learning resources and help the sector meet the rising costs they face
each year. Labour has also declared that they will invest in initiatives to improve the quality of education and make it more accessible and affordable.
The Labour party once again have considered all perspectives of the education policy, helping families with less money and making sure that every
child in New Zealand gets a

Choose Two Parties In This Year's General Election In New...
1. Choose two parties that are standing candidates in this year's general election in New Zealand. Describe the policies on the environment that these
parties are taking to the election. The Green and Labour are two of the 16 registered parties for the 2017 election in New Zealand. Each party is
promoting its own set of policies to address environmental issues in the country, focusing on water quality and its ownership, air quality, conservation
of natural resources and wildlife; and prevention of climate change. Both parties see the necessity of clean drinking water and swimmable freshwater
to the life of the people of New Zealand, emphasizing that the country's waters are owned by everyone. They have set policies for the protection and...
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The two parties will also work on keeping New Zealand predator free and safeguarding its marine areas. A whale sanctuary in Taranaki will be made
by the Green to protect marine animals such as blue whales and dolphins; the Labour on the other hand will support the development of the Kermadec
Ocean Sanctuary not just to preserve marine life in the area, but also to defend the Treaty rights of the iwi (Green, 2017 and Labour, 2017). In
addition, the Labour is looking into controlling mining activities, making sure that the said activities are aligned with the laws on public conservation
land (Labour, 2017). The Green further envisions a zero–waste New Zealand by 2050 through the conduct of beach clean–ups, initiating refunds for
drinking containers, and prohibiting the use of plastic bags and other unnecessary plastic packaging (Green, 2017). Taking part in the global mission to
combat climate change, the Green and Labour have formulated policies that target for a zero–greenhouse gas emission by 2050, promote afforestation,
and invest in environment friendly mode of transportation and renewable sources of electricity. The Green would implement a Zero Carbon Act which
will be enforced and monitored by a

The Policy Process Of New Zealand Essay
The Policy Process
Task II: Briefing Paper
Summary:
There is an imminent threat posed by the climate change issue that New Zealand faces. Human wellbeing, food and water security, health issues and
national security are some of the threats that New Zealand will have to resolve. One of the first global effort in response to combating the issue of
climate change is the Kyoto Protocol. However, the agreement did not include the two largest world emitters of greenhouse gas – China and the USA.
The issue impedes development in many small south pacific island nations. Agriculture is one of the major export for many developing island nations.
The rise in sea level due to climate change directly affects the agricultural production. The ASEAN summit has identified food security to be of great
concern and there is a need to address the issue. The issue affects most south pacific island countries. Climate change affects them in many ways and
one of the major issues is the rise in sea levels. High tides lead to flooded roads affecting transportation and other infrastructure. Heat stress and
saltwater incursions are some of the effects that is quite problematic for the industry. Furthermore, the rapid population growth and increasing food
consumption per person is also a critical issue. Drought or the lack of availability of fresh water is also a concern. People are migrating due to flooding
caused by the rising sea level. A research conducted by London School of Economics have

The Curriculum And Curriculum For Excellence Essay
Early childhood education curriculums are becoming a national curriculum in most countries. With more governments and society thinking about
education of under–fives we are seeing shifts in thinking and education to meet the changing world. We are developing children skills for the future to
create a society where children feel they belong and can contribute to society. Curriculums are being influenced my social, political, cultural, historical
and theoretical issues that are impacting different curriculums in the world. I am going to explore and develop my understanding about three different
curriculums to recognise the different influences affecting curriculums. I am going to explore the curriculums of Te WhДЃriki: New Zealand,
Belonging, Being and Becoming: The Early Years Learning Framework for Australia and Curriculum for Excellence: Scotland. This will allow me to
develop an understanding of other curriculums which I have not heard about to discover other way to education that I have not been taught in teacher's
college.
Te WhДЃriki– New Zealand
In 1840 the MДЃori chiefs and the English crown signed the Treaty of Waitangiwhich showed the dual heritage between the cultures and to develop a
partnership to develop a shared future as we have today. This historical event has big impacts on Te WhД
Ѓriki the way it was created with both
MДЃori and PДЃkehДЃ input to develop a curriculum that supports every child to develop as confident and competent learners. ".. all

Ideologies and How They Impact Policy Making Essays
Essay Question: What are ideologies and how do they impact upon policy making?
Ideologies refer to a set of ideas and values that provides a base for organised political action. They justify and influence the different theories of
society and human nature. Ideologies have a big impact on policy making, as the government of the day will base their policies around these political
ideologies. The two major political parties in New Zealand, National and Labour, each have different beliefs and values which lead to different
ideologies. Looking at both parties previous and current policies, we can observe the impact of the ideologies they have adopted on their policy
making. The National party in the last 20 years has driven policies from a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neo–liberalism has had the greatest impact on public policy in New Zealand over the past 20 years. An example of this ideology in policy making in
New Zealand history would be The National party in the 1990's. National significantly reduced the state's role in the labour market, and introduced
markets in public housing and education. A more recent example is the current National government and their benefits policy. In 2008 National
focussed on getting beneficiaries into employment. National's leader John Key announced that they were committing to a benefit policy that would act
as a safety net, but encourage beneficiaries to go out and source other forms of income (Key, 2008). This is a neo–liberal idea in the sense of having
minimal state intervention. The plan to put in place a tax system that encourages people to work hard and not rely on the welfare state, and the
continuing of shrinking the size of government sees that the future intentions of the current National party is going to carry on down a neo–liberal road
(Key, 2008).
Social democracy is a political ideology which embraces both socialism and liberalism (Belgrave, Cheyne, & O'Brien, 2008). It is not a tightly
sealed set of political values and beliefs, but a set of several. Social democracy contrasts with the ideology of neo–liberalism by identifying market
failure rather than government intervention (Eichbaum & Shaw, 2008); this is why it stands for a balance between

Conflict Between Afghanistan And Russia
If you look back through history, there has been war in Afghanistan since as early as the conquest of Afghanistan in the time of Alexander the Great
330 BC ("Afghanistan and Alexander the Great,"; "Alexander The Great," 1969), and looking back there has been many wars in this area
("Afghanistan," 1969). Afghanistan through history has been an area of war and conflict, due to its strategic geographical position as it lay between
the Middle East, South and Central Asia – with a population of around 31 Million, and has on its borders Pakistan (south/east) Iran (west), Asian states
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan (north) and China (northeast). And due Afghanistan being surrounded by such differing cultures, this meant
its society was also made up of many different ethnic groups and cultures, and this mix of cultures created a lot of internal struggle between the
different factions within the population of Afghanistan. Another important influence on this conflict was the external support from the neighbouring
countries supporting those factions aligned with their own cultures and beliefs. In the late 19th century, Afghanistan laying between two rival powers
of the time, British India and the Russian Empire, with the Anglo–Afghan War in 1919 – and an attempt to modernise Afghanistan, and following this
where a series of coups in 1973, 1978 and 1979 followed by the Soviet invasion, and civil wars. In 1978 the existing government in Afghanistan was
overthrown (Saur

The Treaty Of Waitangi : New Zealand
In the early 1800's prior to British involvement the Maori people's early contact began with Whalers, sealers, and ship builders. In 1809, s ship
arrived in Whangaroa harbour to collect supplies. On the ship was chief Te Ara, he complained of mistreatment so in an act of revenge they lured the
captain ashore where they murdered and ate him and his crew along with burning there ship. This clearly marked one of the worst of the early
encounters with the Maori. However, relationships with the british strengthened as time progressed which eventually led to British Sovereignty via the
Treaty of Waitangi. It isNew Zealand 's founding document that was signed on February 6th 1840. The treaty is an agreement made between the
British Crown and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are currently 53 countries a part of the commonwealth nations. Along with being a commonwealth country, New Zealand is a commonwealth
realm (there are currently 16 commonwealth realms). Now in order to be a commonwealth realm, the nation must have the Monarch (currently, Queen
Elizabeth II is the reigning monarch) as its head of state. Similarly to the how a commonwealth country works, a commonwealth realm is also voluntary
and they may choose to leave at any given time. However, with being a commonwealth realm, New Zealand does not have to exchange ambassadors
with other commonwealth members. They do nevertheless maintain diplomatic relations with other commonwealth members, along with having other
benefits when traveling to other commonwealth realms. In addition, they also work with the monarchy by maintaining a governor–general in each
realm, which is the crown's personal representative in the commonwealth realm.
There are seven Parliamentary parties of New Zealand Government. These parties include National Party, Labour Party, Green Party, New Zealand
First, Maori Party, United Future and ACT Party. The National Party is the largest of the seven and according to the website, "The National Party has
always valued enterprise, hard work and the rewards that go with success. We will continue to aspire to a New Zealand where all New Zealanders can
flourish." Someone values this party focuses on are loyalty to the country, its democratic principles, and its

Essay On Poor Labour
Poor Labour. Throughout the past nine years, both National and the Greens, from different directions, have drifted nearer to the centre, stealing votes –
and, occasionally, policies – from the largest party of the left, leaving it craving oxygen, a political fish all but pinched from the water by the
pragmatism of National and the dynamism of the Greens.
Following the resignation of previous leader Andrew Little, the Labour caucus voted Jacinda Ardern, 37, to pilot the party into an election which is
now only six weeks away. A succession of humiliatingly low poll results released over the previous couple of weeks only confirmed what has been
obvious to me for some time: that Little failed to take off. He suffered tragic engine failure. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Announcing that he felt as though he no longer held "full support" from many of his congress colleagues, he stepped down. He did, however, manage
to increase Labour support. The party was standing at 32.5 percent at the last poll taken while Shearer was in control.
Almost the entire disunity manifested in the Labour camp throughout Shearer's short incumbency was due to member three of "Labour let–downs":
David Cunliffe. He was also the man who replaced Shearer, beating other competitors in a bruisingly public campaign to be the next leader of Labour.
Unpopular, unadmired and borderline unwelcome within the caucus, Cunliffe fueled his campaign with support from the wider membership, despite
his perceived arrogance, by hauling the party to the left. Predictively, this failed to snag voters away from National. David Cunliffe,New Zealand's
Jeremy Corbyn, led the party to its worst election result since 1992: a disastrous 25 percent.
Andrew Little, the final advocate of the cursed quartet to lead the party since Helen Clark's resignation, never, like his forerunners, found a way to
penetrate John Key's persistent – to many, unexplainable – popularity. The Labour leader must have felt as if something was finally going right for
him with Key's resignation late last year. All of a sudden Little was up against none other than the man whose own lack of charisma brought a
groundbreaking defeat on to National in his previous stint in charge of the

Difference Between Direct And Represented Democracy Essay
Introduction
Democracy itself came from the Greek word dД“mokratГa that literally translates into 'the rule of the people'. It's the type of government that allows
the nation choose its leaders with a fair and free voting system. In a democratic system the entire nation is equal and all have the right to free speech,
practice the faith/religion of their choice, basically all people have all basic human rights (Unicef, New Zealand, 2014).
The main difference between direct and represented democracy is that citizens still have power over political, social and economic decisions that
involve the nation but with represented the power is used vicariously through a elected person (DifferenceBetween.info, 2014). There are a few
different types of electoral systems, Plurality electoral systems, also known as First past the post, Majority electoral systems known commoly as
second ballet system, and Proportional representation (King, 2000).
Political stability basically refers to if the current government regime is secure enough to handle any turmoil and outbursts of violence and protesting,
without internal conflict (Britannica, 2014) (Quandl, 2012). This essay will explore the history behind New Zealand's political history, with important
key times within history emphasized, this essay will ultimately answer which electoral system is better suited for New Zealand citizens.
Previous electoral systems and history
New Zealand is currently a democractic country with an unwritten

Ireland Fits Well Into Arend Lijphart 's Consensus Model...
Scotland fits well into Arend Lijphart's consensus model of democracy, however only to a certain extent. Arend Lijphart's strategy of the consensus
model is how majoritarian a government is. The consensus model aims to share out power so that it is not all down to the one governing party. The
consensus model is very important when it comes to Scotland as it can be argued that is only effective for highly divided societies. There are a few
significant elements such as party systems, proportional representation and the comparison between the Scotland and New Zealand which will be
investigated in this essay.
Arend Lijphart could argue that Scotland is moving away from a firm two–party system and drawing closer towards a multi–party system. Currently in
Scotland, the Scottish National Party (SNP) is the largest party in the country, with two medium parties which are the Scottish Conservatives and
Unionist Party along with the Scottish Labour Party. Moreover, the shape in which theScottish Parliament was designed is to promote consensus and
grown up debate rather than the set–up of Westminster as it a confrontational style of politics. There are also two smaller parties which are the
Scottish Green Party and the Scottish Liberal Democrats. The multiparty system enables more than one party to take charge of the country as it is
trying to get as many people as possible governing for the country which can be extremely beneficial as it allows power–sharing and therefore in time

Essay On New Zealand
The OECD Economic Surveys: New Zealand (2017) indicated that New Zealanders enjoy comparatively high living standards, and economic growth
remains strong even compared with the highest–performing OECD countries. However, there are long–term challenges from low growth in
productivity, which is well below the leading OECD countries; living standards; and social well–being. According to OECD data on labour
productivity and utilization (OECD, 2107a), GDP per capita can be broken down into growth in labour productivity and changes in the extent of
labour utilization. Labour productivity growth is a key dimension of economic performance and an essential driver of changes in living standards.
New Zealand has a growth rate of 0.6, which gives it... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Rasmussen (2009), labour productivity is influenced by employers and employees, their representatives or unions, and the government,
who all have different aims in employment relations. These inter–related groups are the main actors in labour productivity. In order to improve labour
productivity growth, all these groups are required to contribute. Also, the required contributions will have a range of impacts on the groups involved.
It is important to determine the nature of these different impacts. Without full awareness of the impact on each group, improving labour productivity
is like shooting in the dark, when what is needed is a very specific target. With an appropriate aim determined, it is much easier to determine drivers
that are acceptable to all parties and can still improve productivity growth. This essay will present some of the major variables that limit labour
productivity growth in New Zealand, and their impacts on each interested group. It will also provide some suggestions for improving labour
productivity levels from each group's perspective. As a first approach to improving labour productivity, we have to clearly recognize the factors that
determine labour productivity growth. From a long–term viewpoint, the New Zealand Productivity Commission has categorized these factors into two
different

1Compare and contrast the social policies of the Clark...
Compare and contrast the social policies of the Clark Labour Government (1999–2008) with those of the Key Government (2008–present)
Introduction
Key Government has many similar ideas as the Clark Labour Government. In order to compare two different governments, we need to know the
context of the whole society including economy, politics, culture, international environment. The problems and needs in these society, the causes of
diverse problems, the ideology and value of different governments and policies they promote are also significant. In this essay, we are going to discuss
the similarities and differences of policies between the Clark Labour Government and the Key Government from the aspect of ideology.
Social Policy
Social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Actually, the Clark Labour Government got a number of positive outcomes during its days and had achieved an acceleration in the rate of economic
growth, the lowest rate of unemployment and the realization of treasury surpluses under the Third Way(Cheyne, O'Brien & Belgrave, 2008).
On the other hand, under the economy background of global financial crisis and economic recession in New Zealand, the Key Government took over the
government from the Clark Labour Government in 2008. Being different from Clark Labour Government, the Key Government has been considered as
a practitioner of neo–liberalism. Neo–liberalism has been defined by David Harvey (2005, p2)as :
" a theory of political economic practices that proposes that human well–being can best be advanced by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms
and skills within an institutional framework characterized by strong private property rights, free markets and free trade. "
There is no doubt that neo–liberals In belief, the state's intervention will really destroy freedoms, equalities, and liberties, this intervention can only
emerge when necessary, and individuals should not depend on government services but to take responsibilities for themselves, according to
neo–liberals' views.
While asserting the flexibility of

The Cruelty Of Sacrifice In Great Britain
When Britain declared war against Germany on the 4th of August 1914, New Zealand (colony of the British Empire) vowed to fight in the war
supporting Great Britain and for the preservation of the British Empire. Shortly after the declaration of war fourteen thousand New Zealand men had
volunteered, although at that time there was little pressure placed on eligible men to volunteer. Perception of the equality of sacrifice began to
manifest in calls for badges and other decals to identify those who were seen as shirking their duty and not doing their part for the war effort.
As the attitude towards volunteering changed from an inclination to an obligation, a debate emerged over the distribution of sacrifice each person was
willing to make. New ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Women resorted to hounding men through white father leagues, giving men white feathers (a symbol of cowardice) to humiliate and shame those who
had not volunteered. Amongst the women different attitudes towards volunteering emerged, the Women's anti
–conscription groups were born due to
lack of sympathy towards men who were keen to go, but were not able due to genuine reasons. Women were chasing Members of the Christchurch
White feather league off the streets, there was a clear division, the distinct positions towards volunteering were polarising the nation. Women who
supported conscription were heavily influenced by "the cult of motherhood" and by maternal instincts, believing that it was their duty to produce
sons to live and die for their country. It very quickly became apparent women were the most determined prosecutors of eligible men and supporters
of conscription. By late 1915 twentynine thousand men had gone to war, their loved ones represented a large part of society who had begun to
accept volunteerism would not suffice and would not provide the equality of sacrifice women had hoped for. Many women called for the sacrifices of
war to be shared more equally, the best way they could see it being achieved was through

Abortion Statistics In New Zealand
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Abortion Statistics In New Zealand
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
as of December 2011
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Key facts
In the year ended December 2011: * 15,863 abortions were performed in New Zealand, the lowest number since 1999 (15,501). * The general abortion
rate was 17.3 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44 years, down from 18.1 per 1,000 in 2010. * Women aged 20–24 years had the highest abortion
rate (33 abortions per 1,000 women aged 20–24 years). * The median age of women having an abortion was 25 years. * Most abortions (62 percent)
were a woman's first ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Prolife Action and Operation Rescue: 1989–1994
In the eighties, New Zealand pro–lifers frequently followed the lead of their United States counterparts. For example, Chicago–based conservative
pro–life activist Joseph Scheidler visited New Zealand in the mid–eighties, prompting the formation of namesake "Pro–Life Action Groups" in
Christchurch and Wellington. In the late eighties, conservative pro–life activist Mary O'Neill was largely responsible for importing Randall Terry's
direct action "Operation Rescue" pro–life tactic to New Zealand, but it faced resistance. In Christchurch and Wellington, pro–choice activists mobilised
against Operation Rescue New Zealand, and ultimately, family stresses, heavy fines and lack of more conservative pro–life support ended the existence
of Operation Rescue (its parent organisation is now known as Operation Save America). –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Contemporary status of abortion debate
Thereafter, Parliament served as an occasional venue for debates about the composition of the Abortion Supervisory Committee, when appointments
and expiry dates for its membership have come and gone. Unlike the United

New Right Conservatism
n Australia the "New Right" refers to a late 1970s/1980s onward movement both within and outside of the Liberal/National Coalition which advocates
economically liberal and increased socially conservative policies (as opposed to the "old right" which advocated economically conservative policies
and small–l liberals with more socially liberal views). Unlike the United Kingdom and United States, but like neighbouring New Zealand, the 1980s
saw the Australian Labor Party initiate Third Way economic reforms, which bear some familiarity to "New Right" ideology. After the John Howard
Coalition defeated 13–year Labor government at the 1996 federal election, economic reforms were taken further, some examples being wholesale
labour market ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other noted New Right group in Germany is Thule Seminar of Dr. Pierre Krebs .
Netherlands[edit]
The New Right was the name of a far–right/nationalist political party in the Netherlands.
New Zealand[edit]
Ambox current red.svg
This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2009)
In New Zealand, as in Australia, it was the Labour Party that initially adopted "New Right" economic policies, while also pursuing social liberal
stances such as decriminalisation of male homosexuality, pay equity for women and adopting a nuclear–free policy. This meant temporary realignment
within New Zealand politics, as "New Right" middle–class voters voted Labour at the New Zealand general election, 1987 in approval of its economic
policies. At first, Labour corporatised many former government departments and state assets, then emulated the Conservative Thatcher administration
and privatised them altogether during Labour's second term of office. However, recession and privatisation together led to increasing strains within the
Labour Party, which led to schism, and the exit of Jim Anderton and his NewLabour Party, which later formed part of the Alliance Party with the
Greens and other opponents of New Right economics.
However, dissent and schism were not to be limited to the Labour Party and Alliance Party

New Zealander Of The 20th Century
Granted the title of New Zealander of the 20th Century by the New Zealand Herald, a vital architect of New Zealand's Government whose
institutions are still in place today, but your average kiwi teen wouldn't recognise his name. Michael Joseph Savage was born in Tatong, in the
state of Victoria, Australia, on the 23 March 1872, the youngest of eight children of Irish immigrants Richard Savage and his wife, Johanna Hayes.
Michael grew up poor in an isolated area of colonial Victoria and was educated at the tiny rural state school at Rothesay, close to where his father
owned a farm. Savage finished school and worked a number of odd jobs around Victoria. Working in a Benalla Wine and spirits shop, serving as
secretary for the fire brigade and local hospital, and later working as a ditch digger and then gold miner. While a gold miner in North Prentice,
Victoria, Savage became active in the 'Political Labour Council' of Victoria as well as the miners trade union. This started Michael on an infatuation
with politics with a strong emphasis on the left, and workers' rights. He also became familiar with the radical political theories of the Americans
Henry George and Edward Bellamy, who were to remain an influence on him throughout his life. The Political Labour Council was at the time a hub of
socialist and left–wing idealism, of which Savage was a great supporter. You may wonder why an Australian goldminer with socialist tendencies would
be of any significance to New

Nz Ideology Essay
Government Essay
Question – Do political parties in New Zealand follow this Ideology? Choose three specific policy commitments each from different New Zealand
political parties and discuss the extent to which the policies reflect a clear ideology.
It is important for New Zealand parties to have a clear ideology and policies since the 2014 election is coming up. Ideology typically refers to a series
of political beliefs, ethical ideals or principles. Do these New Zealand parties follow these ideologies through their policies? There are parties which
have different ideologies in which they follow through their policies, such as the Green party and the Labour party. Although, some parties such as the
National party do not necessarily ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the policy were to follow the ideology of classical liberalism, the policy apply to all ages. Free vaccinations should essentially be offered to all
individuals. However, this would in a sense; prevent the harm of others, which does follow the ideology of classical liberalism, as classical liberals go
by the principle of liberty as the primary political value. By the government being able to prevent the harm of others from potential diseases through
the improvement and funding of vaccinations for children. The policy does not entirely follow the National party's ideology of classical liberalism,
in some aspects. However, it is definitely beneficial to the society. The policy of improving the health of young children through immunization is
beneficial for society as it would reduce and prevent sickness to infants within both short and long term periods so it will provide a solid foundation
for children; being able to live a healthier life (Hamilton, G. (2011).
The Labour party is one of New Zealand's oldest parties, founded in 7 July 1916. Their party is based on the ideology of social democracy. Social
democracy embraced by many parties and it is on the centre–left of politics. Living costs are rising faster than wages and nothing on the household
expense list is rising faster than power. Household prices are increasing at double the rate of inflation. Labour are planning on

The New Zealand Government
Government Essay:
The New Zealand government at both a Local and National level is an excellent example of a modern, Representative Democracy. Different election
systems, including First Past the Post (FPP), Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) and Single Transferable Vote (STV), are used to allow electors to
select representatives to sit on Councils, Boards and in Parliament. Some elements of Constitutional Monarchy are present in the New Zealand system
of democratically elected representatives within a constitutional Monarchy contrasts well with the dictatorship of Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe.
Central Government in New Zealand is based on the democratic system with Political Parties voted into Parliament based on the will of the people. The
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a parallel system to National Government is Local Government who is responsible. For the management and operation of our cities, towns and
local environments. The country is divided up into city and District councils. Representatives of the community are democratically elected to sit on
councils and represent the needs and views of citizens. Each council is supported infrastructure of local Government employees who carry out the
duties of the council. These duties cover every aspect of the everyday life including running services such as rubbish removal and sewerage, through
to Maintaining Facilities such as parks and reserves to town planning and Resource Management Act Compliance and even traffic wardens. Councils
are funded through rates which are a levy charged to individual households and businesses based on the value of their property or industry. Local
councils may introduce bylaws which only apply to the citizens or business located within that councils area. These local bylaws give each council the
opportunity to create rules for how that city or district can operate.
As systems of government, Democracy and Dictatorship exhibit key differences in how leaders are elected, power is distributed and how people are
governed. Nations that have a democratic element are those where the people have a substantial say, through a system of voting, about who is
representing them in the government, and where leaders are not governing for life. In

Social Democracy And Its Impact On Social Policy Essay
The ideas, social democracy and conservatism have impacted social policy to support the citizens within New Zealand. They contrast in ways, which
they are based upon. Social democracy bases their ideas in state intervention to support the welfare creating egalitarianism. Whereas conservatism base
their ideas by providing minimal state intervention, where tradition social institutions are conserved and natural authority is established. Both ideas
support individuals by providing a good vision; this is achieved through the state implementing policies.
Social Democracy.
Since the early nineteenth century the reformist of social democracy has hugely affected the development of social policy. Basing its principles on the
two theories, socialism and liberalism it has influenced social democracy. The state is a key instrument that constructs social change, social democracy
protects individual liberty and believes in state intervention to better the welfare and equality among the public. Altogether social democracy is a theory
used by social democrats to transform from capitalism to a welfare state, extending the rights and freedom for citizens. Social democrats accept the
confined role of markets, and the economic system. Social democracy is achieved through parliament distributing goods and implementing policies that
support the welfare promoting egalitarianism, such as taxing the wealthy to redistribute wealth.
In terms of social democracy the role of the state has changed

Why Housing Is Prohibitively Expensive Before Turning Onto...
Introduction
It seems the old adage that 'history never repeats' is false: history does repeat itself in the form of yet another housing bubble in a developed western
country. In the context of New Zealand, a housing bubble has formed in our largest city, Auckland, and is threatening to spread across the upper North
Island. Unfortunately, this is not new news, with house prices really beginning to soar back in 2007. Successive governments have been happy to pass
the buck onto their incumbents without addressing the issue, mainly due to the complex nature of the problem and the inherent political dangers of
grappling with such a bubble. This paper will describe the current situation in Auckland and explain why housing is prohibitively expensive before
turning onto who are the major stakeholders in this situation and what can be done about it.
Background
Before we begin in earnest we must first describe the current crisis. The median Auckland house price has increased from $450,000 in December
2010 to over $700,000 by November 2015, a 70% increase. Alarmingly, this is actually a decline compared to previous years, where median house
prices jumped from $265,000 in 2002 to $499,000 in 2012 (an increase by 88% )The more we analyse the data, the worse the problem gets: houses
became less affordable in comparison to income, while median rent and housing debt as a percentage of GDP have both doubled . But what is causing
such rampant increases in price?
Unfortunately, there is

new zealand politics 1984-1993 Essay
On July 6 1984, the fourth Labour government were elected into parliament after defeating the National party in a snap election. 1984 can be regarded
as a major turning point in New Zealand political history in the sense that significant political changes affected the whole of the New Zealand society,
economy and political structure. New Zealand government's experimented with radical Neoliberal policy programmes to achieve economic and social
progress during this period. The essay shall discuss the central features of the process of policy change over the period of 1984 to 1993 in New
Zealand. These reforms were among the most sweeping in scope and scale within any industrialised democracy. There are a significant number of
historical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, the author suggests that "the representation of interests is shaped by collective actors and institutions that bear the shape of their own history"
(Immergut 1998: 17).
It is important to analyse the role of institutional arrangements in the development of national economies in New Zealand and Australia, and assesses
their reaction to the pressures brought by the processes of social and economic reforms. It presents the main theoretical traditions in comparative
political study, thus, one can apply these theoretical perspectives to the study of Australasian economies. In the early 1980s, both countries elected
labour governments after long periods of conservative rule (Castles, 1996:96). In response to international economic demands, these governments
introduced market–orientated reforms. Four major institutional characteristics of these two democracies shall be scrutinised further, including the
various structures of the political system, the welfare state and the relationship between organised interests and the state (Castles, 1996:97). This essay
is particularly concerned with the extent, direction and causes of changes in these four institutional arrangements in the period 1984–1993, in a
comparative study of New Zealand and Australia. North identifies that institutional change took place in many cases, but it has been path–dependent
and incremental (1990: 89). The level to which institutions played a fundamental

The Contribution Of Pacific Peoples Influence On New...
Research Plan for an Investigation into the Contribution of Pacific peoples influence on events 1960's to present on New Zealand's Contemporary
Business Environment.
6 August 2015
By:Skye Mudgeway – 1385482 Hannah Palolo – 1057909 Sheldon Rennie – 1379011 Chris Adams– 1492411 Thomas Cribb – 0631706
To:Andrew Mock BH500 Business Heritage, Culture and Sustainability Bachelor of Applied Management Significant historical events inNew Zealand
this community contributed to and effects on New Zealand society.
Major event
(i)The 1960's to the mid 1970's saw a booming New Zealand economy and a Labour shortage throughout New Zealand. The Pacific Island people were
vital to filling these shortages.
(ii)Dawn raids of the 1970s in New Zealand were undertaken by the police at the direction of the Department of Immigration.
(iii)In 1964 the Cook Islands were granted full internal self–government; A Constitution Act was created. This allowed open access to New Zealand by
the Cook Island people.
Community contribution
(i)New Zealand had relaxed its immigration controls and it was the highest rate of Pacific Island people migration to New Zealand.
(ii)The Pacific Island people felt mistreated. From this emerged the Polynesian Panthers, a group who stood up for their rights.
(iii)The Cook Islands wanted to be self–governed but knew they wouldn't survive economically, being independent.
Effects on society
(i)As the New Zealand economy declined,

Assessment of Changes in New Zealand Employment Policy...
Historically New Zealand has had an industrial relations system based on principles of collective bargaining, with union and employer representatives
negotiating minimum employment terms and conditions. The Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act of 1894 established principles of; wage
fixing through conciliation and arbitration; multi–employer awards; blanket coverage of conditions; compulsory union membership; and compulsory
arbitration. This system served New Zealand for almost a century with only minor changes. However, during the 1980's and 1990's a governmenta
impetus towards market oriented policies resulted in legislation that meant a major shakeup and reorganisation with industrial relations.The Industrial
Relations Act 1987, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yet while the Act made changes to some aspects of existing industrial relations legislation it was viewed by some as too dilute (Boxall, 1991).
The issue of wage–fixing was one that employers groups felt held back productivity in industry by giving workers groups the upper hand. The Act
attempted to address this by allowing for and promoting enterprise bargaining, however success was limited. Similarly attempts to 'rationalise' the
bargaining process though the introduction of single–set negotiations did not have the intended result (ibid).
There was a general agreement that the measures of the Labour Relations Act were minimal in their success and that progress was neither widespread
or swift enough (ibid).
However, the impact of governmental decentralisation policies were more dramatically felt in the public sector by the introduction of the State Sector
Act 1988. Until this period two separate industrial relations systems had been operating – one for the private sector which involved conciliation and
arbitration; while the public sector had a system of pay fixing based comparatively with the private sector. Where the State Owned Enterprise Act had
thrust state institutions into the marketplace, the State Sector Act had the same effect upon public employees. Across the board annual adjustments to
state pay rates disappeared, as did the previous criteria for state–public pay equity. Departmental pay agreements were replaced by occupational pay
agreements.

The New Zealand Essay
The New Zealand (NZ) government essentially operates under the Westminster Parliamentary system (Palmer, 3). This system was derived from the
British structure and adopted in 1947 (Palmer, 4). The defining characteristic of this system include the separation of government into three branches,
the judicatory, legislator and the executive, with each preforming different roles in the law forming process (Palmer, 5). There is no–absolute
separation of power between these different branches, especially between the legislature and the executive branch of government. Although, the
introduction of the Mixed Member Proportionality (MMP) electoral system has enhanced this separation through demanding more accountability from
the executive branch. While MMP has improved the system, there are numerous recommendations that could be implemented to improve this
accountability.
The separation of power in the New Zealand parliamentary system is pertinent for an efficient and democratic government. The different branches of
New Zealand government have to be detached to ensure that one does not act unconstitutionally, nor has undue power over another (New Zealand
Parliament, 2014). Each branch has separate roles and acts as breaks to hold the other sectors accountable for their decisions (Palmer, 5). The
legislator branch consists of members of Select Committees, Parliament and the Governor General (Palmer, 5). Their role in the system is to examine,
debate and provide scrutiny over drafted

New Zealand : An Example Of A Country
Every country of the world is unique in its own way. Countries that are closer to each other, perhaps on the same continent, tend to have more similar
characteristics. However, some countries are fairly isolated from others, making them rather diverse. New Zealand is an example of a country that
contains some similarities and some differences with other countries. New Zealand's history, politics, culture, economy, and geography are all
particularly captivating.
New Zealand has a very rich history. The first inhabitants of New Zealand were the Maori. These Polynesian people first reached the islands in A.D.
900, and remained the sole inhabitants of the nation for some time. In 1642, Abel Tasman led the Dutch East India Company to the... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
New Zealand's troops fought on the side of the UK in both world wars, serving in Europe in both and in the Pacific in World War Two. In 1951, the
ANZUS Pact was signed regarding military matters with the US and Australia. New Zealand was also a founding member of SEATO, or the Southeast
Asia Treaty Organization in 1954. In May of 2006, troops were sent to join the intervention force, which includes Australia, Portugal, and Malaysia. The
fighting was in Timor–Leste, or East Timor. The goal was to end the violence that had begun, due to the discrimination in the military. In August of
2006, the Maori queen Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu died at age 75. This queen reigned for forty years, and her death prompted a week of
mourning. In October of 2007, police arrested seventeen people in anti–terror raids. The arrested people were Maori activists that were accused of
planning violence against the white majority. The history of New Zealand is diverse in some areas, and similar to other countries in others. New
Zealand's government is a parliamentary democracy. Similar to Great Britain, there is no written constitution. In 1993, the legislature was expanded to
120 members. These members serve terms of three years, and are elected by a mixed system which is based on proportional representation, not
universal suffrage. The Queen of New Zealand is the British monarch, and the

Perspectives On The Statutory Requirement Essay
PERSPECTIVES ON THE STATUTORY REQUIREMENT TO CONCLUDE COLLECTIVE BARGAINING UNDER EMPLOYMENT
RELATIONS ACT 2000 INTRODUCTION The Employment Relations Act 2000 provides a framework for collective bargaining and gives unions
its power to arrange better working conditions for union members through collective bargaining. The purpose of this report is to discuss and critique
the existing law and proposed change under s 33 of the Employment Relations Act 2000. This report will first discuss perspectives of the political
parties in relation to the theoretical perspectives on labour law. Secondly, I will express my own perspective on this matter. Currently, s 33 of the
Employment Relations Act 2000 places a legal obligation upon parties' collective agreement to conclude it negotiations. This means that employers
must continue to bargain with unions until the collective negotiations has been concluded as a requirement of good faith in employment relationships.
This is avoidable only in very limited circumstances where there is a genuine reason. This places employers in a difficult position where they are
forced to bargain despite a deadlock. The National Government has taken a unitarist approach to employment law in respect of its proposed bill to
abolish the requirement to conclude collective bargaining. National believes it will create more fairness, balance and flexibility in the labour market.
On the other hand, the Labour party adopts a pluralist approach by strongly

The Importance Of The Business Climate Of New Zealand

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