Android is an open source operating system developed by Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It is based on the Linux kernel and uses Java for application development. Key features of Android include support for common media formats, GPS, camera and other device hardware, and a rich development environment for building mobile apps. It provides an abstraction layer between hardware and software and is optimized for mobile devices.

1. A Android

2. By- ANKUR
GUPTA (C.S.)
UNITED
INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY

3. Contents
• History of Android
• Acquisition by Google
• Open GL
• Linux
• Unix
• Linux Kernel
• Features
• Architecture

4. HISTORY
• Android, Inc. was founded in Palo
Alto, California, United States in October, 2003
by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich
Miner (co-founder of Wildfire
Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears (once VP
at T-Mobile), and Chris White (headed design
and interface development at WebTV)

5. What is Android ?
• Android is an operating system for
mobile devices such
as smartphones and tablet
computers. It is developed by
the Open Handset Alliance led
by Google.

6. Acquisition by Google
• Google acquired Android Inc. in August 2005,
making Android Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary
of Google Inc. Key employees of Android Inc.,
including Andy Rubin, Rich Miner and Chris
White, stayed at the company after the
acquisition.

7. What is an Open GL?
• OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a standard
specification defining a cross-language, cross-
platform API for writing applications that
produce 2D and 3D computer graphics.
• OpenGL was developed by Silicon Graphics
Inc. (SGI) in 1992 and is widely used in CAD ,
virtual reality, scientific visualization, information
visualization, flight simulation, and video
games.

8. Open GL contd.
• OpenGL is managed by the non-profit
technology consortium Khronos Group.
• Open GL serves two main purposes:
1. Hide complexities of interfacing with different
3D accelerators by presenting a
single, uniform interface.
2. Hide differing capabilities of hardware
platforms by requiring support of the full
OpenGL feature set for all implementations
(using software emulation if necessary).

9. Created By Open Handset Alliance
FIRST
• Android brings Internet-style innovation and openness
to mobile phones
SECOND
• Android™ delivers a complete set of software for mobile devices:
an operating system, middleware and key mobile applications

10. It’s a consortium of several companies

11. LINUX
• In April 1991, Linus Torvalds, a 21-year-old
student at the University of
Helsinki, Finland started working on some
simple ideas for an operating system. He started
with a task switcher in Intel 80386 assembly
language and a terminal driver.
• Linux is a computer operating system which
is based on free and open source software.

12. UNIX
• The Unix operating system was conceived and
implemented in 1969 at AT&T's Bell Laboratories
in the United States by Ken Thompson, Dennis
Ritchie, Douglas McIlroy, and Joe Ossanna.
• It was first released in 1971 and was initially
entirely written in assembly language, a
common practice at the time.
• Later, in a key pioneering approach in 1973, Unix
was re-written in the programming
language C by Dennis Ritchie (with exceptions to the
kernel and I/O).

13. LINUX KERNEL
5

14. What is Kernel ?
• In computing, the kernel is the main component
of most computer operating systems; it is a
bridge between applications and the actual data
processing done at the hardware level.
• The kernel's responsibilities include
managing the system's resources (the
communication between
hardware and software components).

15. Structure of Kernel

16. Linux kernel
• The Linux kernel is an operating
system kernel used by the Linux family of Unix-
like operating systems.
• Relies on Linux version 2.6 for core system services
such as security, memory management,
process management, network stack, and driver
model.
• The kernel also acts as an abstraction layer between
the hardware and the rest of the software stack.

17. • Application framework enabling reuse
and replacement of components.
• Dalvik virtual machine (DVM) optimized
for mobile devices
• Optimized graphics powered by a
custom 2D graphics library; 3D graphics
based on the OpenGL ES 1.0
specification (hardware acceleration
optional)

18. • Media support for common
audio, video, and still image formats
(MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG,
PNG, GIF)
• Camera, GPS, compass, and
accelerometer (hardware dependent)
• Rich development environment including a
device emulator, tools for debugging, memory
and performance profiling, and a plugin for the
Eclipse IDE