here the basic idea and working of direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS is explained

1. Direct-sequence spread spectrum
(DSSS)
Presented by:
Chinmay S. Kotwaliwale (47)
Chetan Kautakar (46)
Ashutosh Sharma (44)
Bharat Jadhav (45)
GUIDED BY:-
Ms. Seema Chandak
(Asst. Prof.)

2. In telecommunications, direct-sequence spread spectrum
(DSSS) is a modulation technique.
As with other spread spectrum technologies, the
transmitted signal takes up more bandwidth than the
information signal that modulates the carrier or broadcast
frequency. The name 'spread spectrum' comes from the fact
that the carrier signals occur over the full bandwidth (spectrum)
of a device's transmitting frequency.
Note:- (Certain IEEE 802.11 standards use DSSS signaling.)
Introduction

3. Features:-
The DSSS is having several features which seperetes this
from the other modulation techniques.
1) DSSS phase-modulates a sine wave pseudorandomly with a continuous
string of pseudonoise (PN) code symbols called "chips", each of which
has a much shorter duration than an information bit. That is, each
informationinformation bit is modulated by a sequence of much faster chips.
Therefore, the chip rate is much higher than the information signal bit
rate.

4. 2) DSSS uses a signal structure in which the sequence of chips produced
by the transmitter is already known by the receiver. The receiver can
then use the same PN sequence to counteract the effect of the PN
sequence on the received signal in order to reconstruct the information
signal.

5. Transmission Method

Multiplies the data being transmitted by a "noise" signal.

The noise signal is a pseudorandom sequence of 1 and −1 values, at a
frequency much higher than that of the original signal.

6.  Despreading:-
Process of extract the original signal at reciever by using some basic
logic operations on the recieved noise singnal. This is done using
following operation on recieved pattern.
Transmitter and reciever >> same chip signal .
 The resulting effect of enhancing signal to noise ratio on the channel
is called process gain.
Can be made larger by employing a longer PN sequence and more
chips per bit, but physical devices used to generate the PN sequence
impose practical limits on attainable processing gain.

7. 
If an undesired transmitter transmits on the same channel
but with a different PN sequence (or no sequence at all), the
de-spreading process results in no processing gain for that
signal.

This effect is the basis for the code division multiple access
(CDMA) property of DSSS, which allows multiple
transmitters to share the same channel within the limits of
the cross-correlation properties of their PN sequences.

8. Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA)
Multiplexing Technique used with spread spectrum
Start with data signal rate D
Called bit data rate
Break each bit into k chips according to fixed pattern specific to
each user
User’s code
New channel has chip data rate kD chips per second
E.g. k=6, three users (A,B,C) communicating with base receiver
R
Code for A = <1,-1,-1,1,-1,1>
Code for B = <1,1,-1,-1,1,1>
Code for C = <1,1,-1,1,1,-1>

9. CDMA Example

10. Benefits

Resistance to intended or unintended jamming

Sharing of a single channel among multiple users

Reduced signal/background-noise level hampers
interception

Determination of relative timing between
transmitter and receiver

11. Uses

The United States GPS, European Galileo and Russian GLONASS
satellite navigation systems

DS-CDMA (Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access) is a
multiple access scheme based on DSSS, by spreading the signals
from/to different users with different codes. It is the most widely used
type of CDMA.

Cordless phones operating in the 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz
bands

IEEE 802.11b 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi, and its predecessor 802.11-1999.
(Their successor 802.11g uses OFDM instead)

12. 
Automatic meter reading

IEEE 802.15.4 (used, e.g., as PHY and MAC layer for ZigBee, or,
as the physical layer for WirelessHART)

Radio-controlled model vehicles