Environment studied

1. Name-Aditya Jain
Class-BSC. Botany
(hons)
Roll no.-AE-053

2. Ecosystem

3. Ecosystems can vary greatly in size and can be
found in diverse environments such as forests,
oceans, grasslands, deserts, and freshwater
bodies like lakes and rivers. Each ecosystem has
its own unique set of characteristics, including
climate, soil composition, water availability, and
species diversity, which influence the types of
organisms that can thrive there.

4. Structure of ecosystem

5. 1. Individual Organisms: Ecosystems consist of
various individual organisms, including plants,
animals, fungi, bacteria, and other
microorganisms. These organisms interact
with each other and their environment,
playing specific roles within the ecosystem.

6. 2. Population: A population refers to a group of
individuals of the same species that inhabit a
particular area within the ecosystem. Populations
interact through factors such as reproduction,
competition for resources, and predation.

7. 3. Community: A community is formed by the
populations of different species living together in
a specific area or habitat. Interactions within a
community can be complex, including
competition, predation, mutualism (symbiotic
relationships), and other forms of interactions
between species.

8. 4. Habitat: The physical environment where a
community resides is known as its habitat.
Habitats can vary widely, including forests,
deserts, grasslands, freshwater bodies, oceans,
and more. Each habitat has distinct physical and
chemical characteristics that influence the
organisms living within it.

9. 5. Trophic Levels: Organisms within an ecosystem
can be categorized into trophic levels based on
their feeding relationships and energy flow. The
main trophic levels are:
a. Producer
b. Consumer

10. 6. Food Chains and Food Webs: Interactions
between different trophic levels are represented
by food chains and food webs. A food chain shows
a linear sequence of organisms, with each
organism being the food source for the next
organism. Food webs, on the other hand, depict
the complex and interconnected feeding
relationships within a community, considering
multiple food chains.