Best Time for Lantus Injection

Inject Lantus Essay
he best time to inject Lantus insulin
Adults with type 2 diabetes or adults and children with diabetes mellitus type 1 often use long–
acting Lantus insulin to reduce their blood sugar (glucose). If you are diabetic, you may have
wondered if there is a better time of day to inject Lantus in your system. Fellow diabetics can
communicate what they consider to be the best time, but in reality, only you and your doctor will
know when it is
No Real "Best Time"
Lantus, a sterile solution of insulin glargine, does not require more than one injection per day and
typically lasts about 22 hours for most people. But some people take two injections –. One in the
morning and just before going to bed
What works well for one person in relation to the dosage ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
clinical trials
There is no generally accepted best time of day to take Lantus, the drug's manufacturer has reported
clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of administration Latnus before breakfast, before
dinner or at bedtime. Sanofi–aventis Sweden, based in Bridgewater, NJ, reported a randomized,
controlled, 24–week study of patients with type 1 diabetes who also treated with insulin lispro at
mealtime.
Patients inject Lantus at different times of the day saw similar reductions in glycosylated
hemoglobin compared with bedtime administration. Data were available from eight points home
glucose monitoring, and the highest average blood glucose level was observed before the Lantus
injection solution, whatever the time of administration.
In this study, five percent of the patients to inject Lantus at breakfast discontinued due to lack of
efficacy. No patients inject Lantus before dinner or at bedtime discontinued for this reason. Routine
monitoring during the trial revealed the following mean changes in systolic blood pressure: 1. 9mm
Hg (before breakfast group), 0.7 mmHg (before dinner group) and –2.0 mmHg (before bedtime
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Plavix Case Study Essay
Patent Games: Plavix Case Study
Columbia Southern University
Abstract
This case study illustrates the conflict between patent protection and preserving a pure competitive
market. Pharmaceutical companies are granted patent rights to newly developed drugs for a limited
amount of time. Through legal means they are able to form monopolies and maximize their profits. a
parent company can move to delay the release of its generic comparison through legal and illegal
measures. In the following case Bristol–Myers Squibb fell victim to their own anti–competitive
practices.
Why did Bristol–Myers Squibb and Sanofi–Aventis seek a settlement? Apotex had was near the
conclusion of the government mandated 30 month stay brought on by ... Show more content on
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Sherman's strategy
Bristol–Myers Squibb's deceptive practices were likely to catch up to them. This occurred when
they crossed paths with Sherman who led Apotex at the time. After everything settled Sherman
acknowledged in an interview that he knew the FTC would reject the proposed agreements made by
Bristol–Myers Squibb and Sanofi. He also recognized that their spokesman didn't realize his offer
would cause adverse action against Bristol–Myers Squibb (Baron, 2010). He played to their
ignorance and entered the agreement. There is no direct answer to the ethics of Sherman's strategy.
He did not actively participate or even condone Brisol–Myers Squibb's collusion; in fact he knew
the agreement would be rejected. There is no way of truly knowing whether Sherman acted with
malice when implementing his strategy.
Should the FTC and the state attorneys general have rejected the agreements? The FTC and state
attorney was right in rejecting Brisol–Myers Squibb's proposed agreements on the grounds that it is
an anti–competitive practice. The second agreement would have been rejected as well provided
Bristol–Myers Squibb was completely honest with the FTC. Upon submission of the second
agreement to the department of justice they affirmed under oath that all agreements were as listed on
the document with no side arrangements (Chen, 2011). After the initiation of an investigation
conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigations

Orphan Drug Market Development And Manufacturing Of Products
Sanofi Genzyme is a branch of the Sanofi Corporation that specializes in the development and
manufacturing of products to treat a variety of rare diseases. The Allston Landing Facility (ALF)
currently produces a single enzyme replacement therapy which treats patients with Type 1 Gaucher
disease. This treatment falls within the classification of an Orphan drug which is a drug or biologic
that treats a patient population of less than 200,000 within the United States. There is an entire
segment of the pharmaceutical industry comprised of companies that develop and manufacture
treatments for rare diseases. The Orphan Drug market has a projected Worldwide 2020 sales forecast
$178bn with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.7% per ... Show more content on
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In addition, once a patient begins a treatment that improves their condition there is a low likelihood
that the patient will stop that treatment. Also, the low success rate of drugs from development
through FDA approval decreases the chance that a competitor will develop an alternative treatment.
The bargaining power of the customers within the Orphan Drug patient population is classified as
medium/low. While patients are price sensitive; the cost of treatment for most is subsidized by either
health insurance or government funding and therefore the price of these treatments are typically very
high. The average per patient on an orphan drug in the year of 2014 was calculated to be over
$110,0001. While the average cost is currently high, this has become and increased area of scrutiny
worldwide and many governments are enacting price control within the industry, eating away at
potential profits.
Once a company has successfully developed an orphan drug and gained FDA approval, the process
to build and operate a manufacturing facility can be extremely costly. This is driven by the fact that
the bargaining power of the supplies is medium/high. This classification is because of the extreme
regulations that exist for not only the equipment, but also the raw materials used within the drug
manufacturing process. The environment causes companies to create stringent supplier

Strategic Analysis for Pfizer Company
Strategic Analysis for Pfizer Incorporated
Strategic Analysis Competition, typically the most powerful external force, is increased by the
advent of globalization. The number of companies and the number of countries where these
companies operate and the way governments are dealing with the impacts of globalization is
accelerating. The interaction of changes in government policy and business innovation has actually
made globalization even faster. If a company does not become a global, it would simply be shut out
of new markets. The reasons for the turmoil are numerous: a sputtering economy, increased global
competition, the implementation of new technologies that displace jobs, the deregulation of certain
industries, and the general ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, one may be able to find more potential business partners in exporting to other countries.
One may find a business partner that is willing to cater to and audience of Pfizer's pharmaceutical
products from another country. According to their statement, citizenship defines their part in the
international communities; therefore, it also defines their conduct, so as to help make the world
better. In this statement, one can conclude that being part of an international community, for Pfizer,
may help not only bring in profit but also help the world in Pfizer's own pace and way.
Environmental influences, such as diseases and illnesses form the need for pharmaceutical
companies like Pfizer. Having such needs may help in strengthening the company. The constant
demand for products that the company produces may increase their production rate, also their
potential income. As mentioned in the theory of Supply and Demand, there is a relationship between
the increase or decrease for a product and the increase and decrease for the supply of the certain
good. It also includes the part played by the price. Other environmental influences, such as
competition, may fuel the company's desire to create more and better products that could well
determine their location and standing in the global market. Increase in the number of competitors for
the same line of products may mean that there

Lean And Six Sigma Origins Of Statistical Tools Essay
Lean and Six Sigma, both are different words or we can say two powerful methodology which
changed the view of the manufacturer to the customer. Lean Six Sigma pleased customer with
manufacturers over the years by its implementation of various industries. Today, almost all
industries have adapted Lean Six Sigma methodology to make standard quality products. I
personally feel proud and fortune as I am able to consume quality products at present because of
hard work of my past generation's Quality engineers, mathematics and statisticians. In the
remembrance of these great minds I would like to discuss about origins of Lean Six Sigma origins
of statistical tools.
"Statistics" word came Latin "status" or state. Statistics firstly used by Romans to count or survey of
a population including various details of individuals so they could impose ore tax. John Graunt
(1620–1674) first proposed statistical and census method in his "Natural and political observations
made upon the bills of Morality." His goal to analyze death records in London during bubonic
plague. (1665–1666).
After John Graunt, many other mathematicians made contribution to the statistical studies, such as
Johanm Gauss introduced normal distribution, Kal person developed standard deviation, correlation
coeff, P–value Person's chi–square test, principal component Analysis concepts, and Ronald Alymer
Fisher became popular for F distribution Walter Shewhart gave control charting statistical process
control. At last, Dr.

Functions Of Currency Exchange Markets
1. Explain 4 functions of currency exchange markets. Provide a thorough example (real or
hypothetical) of each type of function in action in business.
a. Currency Conversion: is a way to execute a transaction by converting one currency into another.
This takes place when you/your company decides to invest in international affairs. When engaging
in a foreign investment you must convert your US dollars into the foreign currency when making a
sales and the opposite would happen if the country was buying a product from you.
i. For example, Sanofi–Aventis, a French pharmaceutical company, wants to sell a new medication
for diabetes to the United States. The American customer wants to pay for the medication in dollars,
the American currency, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The payment date is shortly approaching and Toyota Motors is now concerned about the value of the
payment in Japanese yen a month from the payment date, they want to ensure against the possibility
that the pesos' value will fall over that period and receive less money. On December 16th, Toyota
Motors establishes a contract with a local bank to exchange the payment in one month at an agreed
upon exchange rate specified on December 16th. Now Toyota Motors will know how many yen the
payment will be worth on January 16th.
c. Currency Arbitrage: is the instantaneous purchase and sale of a currency in different markets for
profit. This type of currency exchange market is frequently used by experienced traders in foreign
exchange markets, along with large investors. Using this type of exchange market maximizes oyur
profits and allows you to evaluate three currencies at a time and brings the market into an
equilibrium.
i. For example, as you are investing in the New York Stock exchange you notice that the Malaysian
ringgit is lower in Greece than it is in New York. As a trader you can buy riggits in Greece, sell them
in New York, and earn a profit on the spread. Now the process of this trade is not worth making if
the spread between the value of the riggit, the value in Greece and the value in New York is not
greater than the cost of conducting the transaction. ii. Interest Arbitrage: is a profit motivated
purchase and sale of interest–paying securities

Blackmores Business Analysis Essay
Business Analysis on,
Blackmores Ltd
Table of content
Introduction 2
Strategic business units 3
Internal Environment 4
External environment 6
SWOT analysis 6
References 7
Introduction
Blackmores Limited is an industry leader in both natural health and research, basing its principle
activity on the development and marketing of health products and natural supplements; and it has
been an industry leader in Australia for more than 70 years. The Company had its beginnings in the
1930s. The company currently has over 150 products, catering for all areas in natural health and
vitamins. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The online market is the target for Blackmores in order to gain more market share, inform
information to customer and various benefits.
External environment
In the VDS market, it currently face little competition from fortified food or fresh and drinks in
Australia; however, the market is fragmented with plenty number of suppliers, including
Blackmores, Sanofi–Aventis, Harron Pharmaceuticals and also Nature's Way. Furthermore, the
stricter legal from the government to control the items in this industry which leads limit the potential
for growth in the Australian market.
On the other hand, there are several factors that drive this industry. First, The level of healthcare
expenditure is increasing measured by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) in this instance is
of fundamental importance to the industry. Secondly, the demand for pharmaceuticals varies directly
with the age of the population due to the increased risk of disease. Australia has an ageing
population and as the baby boomers become older, demand for pharmaceuticals will increase (2012,

Arna Richardson). Lastly, one variable indirectly influencing the level of demand for the products
wholesaled by the industry is the level of general

Henrietta Lacks Essay Conclusion
Somehow, Bobbette finds out that Henrietta's cells are still alive from her friends brother in law who
worked at the National Cancer Institute. Bobbette makes it a priority to tell Lawrence. Lawrence
calls John Hopkins to ask about Henrietta's cells and discovers that they have not only been alive for
twenty years, but they are bought and sold. Deborah starts getting nervous that she too will die at the
same time her mother, Henrietta, died and from the same cancer. "What made her mother sick? How
was part of her still living? What did it mean? What did Henrietta do for science? And did all those
blood tests he was doing mean Deborah was going to die young like her mother?" (187). This
discovery of Henrietta's cells take a passive toll on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alfred is still in prison, Christoph Lengauer is now Global Head of Oncology Drug Discovery at
sanofi–aventis, John Moore appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court and then died in 2001, and many
more. Skloot finishes the book with the Afterword which includes the consent and money aspect of
the novel. "When I tell people the story of Henrietta Lacks and her cells, their first question is
usually Wasn't it illegal for doctors to take Henrietta's cells without her knowledge? Don't doctors
have to tell you when they use your cels in research? The answer is no––"

Pharmaceutical Industry Strategy
Marketing Strategy Use of strategy frameworks to analyse competitive dynamics in the
pharmaceutical industry Graham Leask is a member of the Economics and Strategy Group at Aston
University, where he currently teaches Value Based Strategy and Entrepreneurial Strategy to final
year and postgraduate students. Graham joined ICI Agrochemicals Research, before entering the
pharmaceutical industry, where he worked in marketing and general management roles for several
top ten pharmaceutical companies. His most recent role was Strategic Planning Director for Astra
Pharmaceuticals, where he was responsible for strategy development, which enabled him to gain
first hand experience within the world's key pharmaceutical markets. His primary research ... Show
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within an industry. In effect, an empirical classification system is proposed with the principle
strengths that such classification allows the comprehensive inclusion of a range of available
characters, therefore the overall similarity of members within groups is broadly based.15 This
empiricist approach has a number of characteristics which may prove particularly beneficial to
pharmaceutical industry strategists because it provides a means to discern and analyse a pattern
within an industry regarded by some as data rich but information poor. The following principles
underpin such an approach.16 1 2 A priori each variable is of equal weight in creating natural
groups. Overall similarity between any two firms is a function of their individual similarities in each
of the characters by which they are being compared. Distinct groups may be recognised because the
correlation of characters will differ between groups. In effect, each natural strategic group should
demonstrate a different pattern of resource commitments. Classifications are based upon similarity. 3
4 Porter (1980)14 proposes 13 strategic dimensions that together should capture the possible

Multinational Corporations ( Mncs ) Essay
The enterprises that operate in numerous countries to produce or provide services outside their
original countries can be identified as Multinational Corporations (MNCs), or Transnational
Corporations (TNCs). Usually, an MNC can produce at least 25 percent of its world output outside
of its country of origin. Recently, a new breed of MNC emerges thanks to Internet based
communication tools. They begin their operations in different countries very early on. Because they
are small businesses, these companies are being called micro–multinationals to distinguish them
from larger MNCs. Several of these micro–multinationals are software development companies.
They have been looking for employees in many countries since the start of the age of the Internet.
Nowadays, an increasing number of micro–multinationals actively market their products and
services in numerous nations. The use of Internet tools like Google, Yahoo, MSN, Ebay and Amazon
makes it easier for the micro– multinationals to reach potential customers in other countries. There
are many ways to explain the diverse and manifold growth of the multinationals. Those include
these factors: (1) Expansion of market skills, (2) Superior marketing, (3) Huge financial resources,
(4) Technological edge. Expansion of Market Skill After India announced the liberalized foreign
investment policy in 1991, a growth spurt in the number of MNCs as well as foreign collaborations
occurred. The MNCs in India are very diverse. Though they came

How Riluzole Is A Derivative Of Benzothiazole Essay
2.11.1 Structure: riluzole is a derivative of benzothiazole (Hofmann, 1879), a bicyclic ring
compound which comprises a benzene ring fused with five membered ring containing one sulfur and
one nitrogen atom. It has the molecular formula C8H¬F3N2OS with a molecular weight of 234.20.
2.11.2 Properties: Riluzole is white to slight yellow powder soluble in dimethylsulfoxide,
dimethylformamide and methanol, freely soluble in dichloromethane, sparingly soluble in 0.1 N
HCl and very slightly soluble in water and 0.1 N NaOH. Riluzole is available as a capsule–shaped,
white, film–coated tablet for oral administration. Each tablet contains 50 mg of riluzole. It is
marketed by Sanofi–Aventis with the brand name Rilutek. 2.11.3 Side–effects or damaging effects
Riluzole is a very good neuroprotective drug, but it has some side–effects associated with it that
includes nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, asthenia, somnolence, vertigo, circumoral paresthesia,
abdominal pain and dizziness (Siniscalchi, 1997). Remy et al has reported cases of two patients who
have developed acute hepatitis (hepatocellular damage with inflammatory infiltration and
microvesicular steatosis without fibrosis) after taking riluzole at the recommended dose (100 mg
daily) for 7 and 4 weeks, respectively. In both cases, liver histology showed liver enzymes returned
to normal 4 and 8 weeks, respectively, after riluzole withdrawal (Remy, 1999). 2.11.4 Mechanism of
actions Riluzole has emerged as a potent

Astrazeneca Strategic Business Analysis
AstraZeneca
Strategic Business Analysis – Group Case Study
Case Abstract
Introduction AstraZeneca PLC (AstraZeneca, AZN:NYSE, AZN:LSE) is one of the largest
pharmaceutical companies in the world. It was formed in 1999 from the merger of Sweden's Astra
AB and UK's Zeneca Group plc. Core Activities AstraZeneca is engaged in the discovery,
development, manufacturing and marketing of prescription pharmaceuticals and biological products
for important areas of healthcare: Cardiovascular, Gastrointestinal, Infection, Neuroscience,
Oncology, and Respiratory and Inflammation. One of the key benefits of the merger between Astra
and Zeneca is seen as their portfolio of new products in development: AstraZeneca call this their
'product pipeline'. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Strategic & Business Plans
Compiled by Rexford Sam
Group Case Study – Strategic Business Analysis (Re–Sit 2010)
2

STRENGTHEN THE PIPELINE To be one of the fastest and most productive companies in the
industry through continuous improvement in our research and development (R&D), coupled with
externalisation to broaden our research base and further strengthen our pipeline of new products.
OBJECTIVE
o o o
Achieve a median composite eight–year product development cycle by 2010. Deliver two new
molecular entity (NME) launches on average per year from 2010. In order to achieve the above
objective, ensure that we have 10 or more NMEs in Phase III development by 2010. Development
cycle times and quality for small molecules and biologics. Number of NME launches per year.
Attrition rates. Number of development projects by phase. Number of in–licensing deals, alliances

and acquisitions. R&D investment levels. Improving R&D quality and speed through leading–edge
science, effective risk management and decision–making and overall business efficiency.
Maximising the value of our biologics business and continuing to build a major presence in this
fast–growing sector. Investing in external opportunities to enhance our internal innovation through
in–licensing, alliances and acquisitions. 2008 target exceeded for small molecule development cycle
times. NME and life–cycle management progressions

Pfizer to Acquire Protalix
High–Technology Acquisitions Final Project –Acquisition Proposal: To Acquire: May 2012 Table of
Content Executive Summary I A. Purpose I B. Background I C. The Rational for the Acquisition I
D. Standalone, Synergy and Premium Valuations II E. Integration Plan II Part 1 – The Rational of
the Acquisition 1 1. Pfizer's Strategy 1 1.1. Pfizer Growth Strategy 2 2. Pfizer's Road Map 4 2.1.
Pfizer's Acquisitions Rational 4 3. The strategy behind the acquisition 5 3.1. Acquisition Motives 5
3.2. M&A vs. Alliance 5 4. Target Identification 7 4.1. Protalix – an R&D Acquisition 9 5.
Synergy Analysis 10 6. Standalone, Synergy and Premium Valuations 12 6.1. Market Value 12 6.2.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Purpose This paper presents an acquisition proposal, specifically Protalix BioTherapeutics Inc.
(hereinafter: "Protalix") to be acquired by Pfizer Inc. (hereinafter: "Pfizer"). B. Background Pfizer is
a pharmaceutical corporate well positioned in the market and aiming to continue its growth and
dominance in additional areas. Protalix is an Israeli biopharmaceutical company, revolutionizing the
development and manufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins through its ProCellEx

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Case Study Essay
Case Study: A thirty six year old male has developed severe muscle weakness throughout the body.
The condition began fifteen months ago with a left foot drop and within a year, he described
difficulty with speech and swallowing, muscle twitching and cramping, and muscular atrophy
throughout the upper and lower limbs. Within the last two months, his breathing has become more
difficult, and there has been a noticeable difference in his voice. Prior to the fifteen months, he
presented little to no symptoms. The patient, a medical doctor, has a wife and two young children.
What began as seemingly innocent muscle weakness and cramping has lead to this patient's fatal
diagnosis. He is one of 2.5 per 100,000 people worldwide who have been ... Show more content on
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Typically, the muscle weakness will affect a limb, and nasal or slurred speech will soon develop. If
the patient is limb onset ALS, the symptoms will first occur in the arms and legs. They may have
difficulty with dexterous tasks such as writing or opening a door. If the lower limbs are affected,
they may notice trouble walking and experience tripping or stumbling. Dropped foot, as
demonstrated in the above case study, can also develop from muscle weakness and can cause the
individual to drag his or her foot. Limb onset ALS is more typical than all other types, occurring in
about 75% of diagnosed individuals. The other 25% may present symptoms described as bulbar
onset ALS. These patients may first notice difficulty with proper speech and swallowing. Patients
will often lose their voice and have difficulty forming words, caused by a loss of tongue mobility. In
rare cases, patients might demonstrate respiratory onset ALS where the intercostal muscles are
compromised first. Regardless of which occur first, affected individuals will generally experience
most of the symptoms as the disease progresses. Specifically, symptoms that include difficulty
swallowing, moving, forming words, tight muscles, spasticity, and/or exaggerated reflexes occur
when the upper motor neurons have been damaged. When lower motor neurons are damaged,
symptoms such as muscle weakness, atrophy, cramping, and twitching will occur. In some cases, a
few of the muscle neurons that

Hostile Takeovers vs. Friendly Takeovers
Hostile takeovers vs. friendly takeovers Emma Lilja, Adeniyi Ajayi, Andreas Thomasson, Mahfuj
Khan, Nayeem Rahman and Mohammed Kalam Andreas Stenius, Arcada – University of Applied
Sciences 8.5.2012 Degree Programmes: International business and Financial Management. Course
name: Corporate Structures Executive Summary This project report provides comprehensive
information about corporate structures; focusing on friendly and hostile takeovers, introducing them
through definitions and some witty examples and finally ending with intriguing discussion and
conclusions. Why do companies embrace the idea of merger and acquisition in the first place?
Reason is the creation of the value that enables companies to have a competitive ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
9 Case study: Google on YouTube ................................................................................ 10 Definition
of a hostile takeover .................................................................................... 11 Case Study: Sanofi–
Aventis Takeover of Genzyme .................................................... 12
Background.......................................................................................................... 12 The Offer
.............................................................................................................. 12 The Negotiation
................................................................................................... 12 Tender Effect
....................................................................................................... 13 The Merger
.......................................................................................................... 13 The Impact
........................................................................................................... 14 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.6.5
3.6.6 3.7 Comparison between friendly and hostile takeovers ................................................... 14
The Context ......................................................................................................... 14 The Process

Research Paper On Clopidogrel Bisulfate
Clopidogrel bisulfate is an oral antiplatelet agent that is used in the treatment of coronary artery,
peripheral vascular, and cerebrovascular diseases. This medication thins your blood to reduce blood
from clotting. The trade name for Clopidogrel is plavix. It is used to prevent heart attacks and
strokes in persons who have had heart disease or previously had a heart attack. It works by helping
to keep the platelets in the blood from sticking together and forming clots that can occur with certain
medical conditions. It is inactive in vitro, and a hepatic bio transformation is necessary for the
medication to work to the fullest of its ability. It is marketed by Bristol–Myers Squibb and Sanofi–
Aventis under the trade name Plavix and licensed

Is The Industry Doing Well?
Is the industry doing well? Are you optimistic about its future?
This Pharmaceutical industry encompasses corporations that manufacture biological, medicinal and
pharmaceutical products in several methods including tablets, vials, lotions, concentrates and
suspensions. The general pharmaceutical market can be divided into prescription–based products
and over–the–counter medications. The pharmaceutical products are primarily dispersed via
wholesalers, and are then sold through pharmacies or dispensed in hospitals. The pharmaceutical
industry is today one of the most lucrative and prominent world business sectors. It consists of
numerous public and private organizations dedicated to the detection, development, creation and
marketing of medicines for human and animal health. Its foundation is the research and
development for medicinal chemicals to prevent or treat innumerable diseases and disarrays. The
pharmaceutical industry mainstream of production corresponds to vaccines. Most pharmaceutical
companies experience international character and maintain subsidiaries in several nations. The
pharmaceutical sector is technologically advanced, which gives employment to many college
graduates with MBA degrees, biologists, biochemists, chemists, pharmacists, and physicians. These
professionals perfom in the functional regions of production, quality control, research and
development, marketing, human resources, and general administration. The majority of jobs within
the

Paleo Diet Analysis
DRAFT 2; FAD weight loss diets are a suitable method for an adolescent to lose weight.
Paleo Diet and weight watchers
"For Children and adolescents, the 2007 – 08 National Health Survey results indicates that 24.9% of
children aged between 5 and 17 years are overweight or obese. 25.8% of boys and 24% of girls are
either overweight or obese (Department of Health and Ageing, 2015). A FAD weight loss diet is any
diet that promises fast weight loss without a scientific basis. These diets often eliminate entire food
groups and, as a result, do not provide a wide range of important nutrients. FAD diets include the
Paleo Diet and Weight Watchers. The Paleo Diet is not an appropriate diet for adolescents to lose
weight because eliminating food groups ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dieting at this age in not necessary, however, if dieting is recommended from either doctors or
dietician, stick to long–term results over short–term response, that is dangerous for the body.
Sometimes, is certain cases it is not the person at fault, however, there is a DNA mutation that
causes weight gain, and can find it very difficult living in the 21st century (Sifferlin, 2013). After
completing research on one day's worth of food from the Weight Watcher food schedule, has shown
if dieting was recommended from doctor or medical professional this would be the best idea as it
follows the Recommended Dietary Intake provided by countless Australian Dieticians (Dietitians
Association of Australia, 2015). Weight Watchers are concerned about the food eaten, not entirely
ruling out specific food groups. Weight watchers are an immense business, it looks into each
customer need through the program, it also allows them to reassure that each week is on the right
pathway, to motivate them to stay on the path the individual have chosen. Looking through the
percentages for the Recommended Dietary Intake Weight watchers one day food schedule has
shown to meet all the required levels except for calcium, which allows the body to lose slight
amounts of weight of certain periods of time, while still allowing the body to receive the vitamins
and minerals that allow

Org Behaviou
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 2
2.0 Initial Situation – Case Analysis 2
2.1 The History of Bristol–Myers Squibb (BMS) 2
2.2 Peter R. Dolan 3
2.3 What is Plavix? 3
2.4 Plavix Generic Drug Agreements 4
2.5 Dolan's Fate 5
3.0 Questions and Answers 6
3.1 Q1) What principles of distributive Negotiation did Sherman use to gain his advantage? 6
3.2 Q2 ) Do you think Sherman behaved ethically? Why or why not? 7
3.3 Q3) What does this incident tell you about the role of deception in negotiation? 9
4.0 Conclusion 10
1.0 Introduction
All organisations form an integral part of the global village. Therefore organisations have become
open systems due to deregulation, ever changing technology, lifestyle and demographics. In ... Show
Justice Department was investigating the company's March 2006 agreement with Canadian generic
drug manufacturer Apotex. The agreement was intended to delay the Apotex's release of an
inexpensive generic version of Plavix.
Under the terms of Bristol–Myers' ill–conceived agreement with Apotex, BMS offered Apotex $40
million to halt production of the generic Plavix until June 1, 2011. This date was five months before
the Plavix patent was set to expire. Bristol–Myers also agreed not to release its own non–branded
Plavix until six months after Apotex began to sell its generic version of the blood thinner. When
asked to approve the agreement, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and state Attorneys
General objected to these provisions. They labelled the Bristol–Myers concession anti–competitive
because it assured that Apotex would be the sole market vendor of cheap, generic Plavix for at least
six months. So, Bristol–Myers Squibb agreed to remove the anti–competitive provision from the
contract. Nevertheless, the FTC began questioning Apotex regarding the revised agreement. During
these questioning sessions, Apotex told the federal regulators that Bristol–Myers had given Apotex
private assurance that it would not release a general version of Plavix to the market.

How The Company Will Invest Its Assets
Tax considerations – It is a very important aspect to consider that how the company will invest in its
assets. With the help of Tax consideration the exact capital structure of the company can be known.
Thus taxes of the company needs to be considered. Risk reductions – reduction of the risk is very
important that refers to the identification of the threats or risk arises while doing mergers and
acquisitions. The reduction of the risk increases the success for merger. But it is very important to
understand the risk before proceeding with the merger. Control – It is generally dealing with control
on the hands after knowing and understanding risk and threats in the merger and taking the control
of it well in advance or making the situation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many reasons why these two are considered as the economical justifiable terms but some
of the points are as follows : Tax considerations – as mentioned above it is very important aspect
when merger happens because with it the capital structure of the organizations. For instance let us
assume that there are two companies, company A and company B. They are deciding the merge.
Here company A is very high turnover and also the profit is outstanding thus the tax obligations is
very high and the company B runs in the debt. Thus if these companies unite the tax liability of
Company A will reduce and thus money can be reduced for going out. Even in future the tax liability
will be less then it is in existing situation. Synergy – This is also referring to the stakeholders and
merging companies. The origin of the synergy can be done by many reasons they are a) financial
economies, b) two separate management strength, c) operating economies d) by the union of two
companies the market power will increase and also the competition will decrease. Thus synergy and
tax considerations are main and justifiable in this situation. Hostile merger – As the name indicates
the target company is been hostile. Here the acquiring company pressures the target company. Thus
in other words the target company resists the

Taking a Look at BioMarin
1. Background
BioMarin is a biotechnology company headquartered in Novato, California and with operations in
Europe, South America, USA and Asia. BioMarin originally began developing carbohydrate
enzymes for rare diseases. Their first candidate drug was Aldurazyme® which is currently being
used to treat patients of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS–I). MPS–I patient census consists of about
3,400 patients in developed countries; 1,000 of which reside in the United States of America.
Because of the rare nature of this condition and the rareness of other conditions being treated by
BioMarin, they are considered an orphan drug company. Receiving orphan drug designation has
resulted in BioMarin gaining certain advantages from the FDA such as: seven year exclusive period
on marketing after a drug has been approved and tax incentives. As such, BioMarin has not
necessarily faced competition in the therapeutic areas of their approved products. BioMarin was
founded as a subsidiary of Glyko Biomedical in 1996 and started operations in 1997. While Glyko
provided the initial start–up funds, BioMarin also sold 2.5 million common stock to its founders.
The company has a history of success in fundraising. Examples of some key financing activities
experienced a few years after inception include private placements to independent investors and
Glyko Biomedical in 1999 worth $26 million and a 50:50 joint venture with Genzyme in 1998 worth
$30 million. BioMarin raised a combined sum of $58 million

Mba Spring2011 Merck Sample Group Project
DELAWARE STATE UNIVERSITY (MBA – Spring 2011) Strategic Management Case Study
Executive Summary: 3 Current Vision 4 Current Mission 4 Values 5 Current Strategies: 6
Developed Vision 7 Developed Mission 7 Reason for new mission 8 SWOT Analysis 9 External
opportunities: 9 External Threats: 10 Financial and Operating Performance Analysis 11 Close
Competitors 11 Ratio Analysis 11 Key Industry Ratios 14 Operating Profit margin 14 Net Profit
margin 14 Current Ratio 14 Return on Assets 15 Debt/Equity Ratio 15 Inventory Turnover Ratio 15
Revenue Growth 16 Market Share 16 Internal Strengths 16 Internal Weakness 20 External Factor
Evaluation Matrix 21 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We also work to improve animal health. All of our actions must be measured by our success in
achieving these goals. We value, above all, our ability to serve everyone who can benefit from the
appropriate use of our products and services, thereby providing lasting consumer satisfaction. We
are committed to the highest standards of ethics and integrity. We are responsible to our customers,
to Merck employees and their families, to the environments we inhabit, and to the societies we serve
worldwide. In discharging our responsibilities, we do not take professional or ethical shortcuts. We
are dedicated to the highest level of scientific excellence and commit our research to improving
human and animal health and the quality of life. We strive to identify the most critical needs of
consumers and customers, and we devote our resources to meeting those needs. We expect profits,
but only from work that satisfies customer needs and benefits humanity. This depends on
maintaining a financial position that invites investment in leading–edge research and that makes it
possible to effectively deliver the results of that research. Our ability to excel depends on

Market Analysis Of Amidipine
Executive Summary:
Manidipine is a long acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, a subclass of antihypertensive
drugs.
Manidipine competes direct with CCBs especially with Amlodipine Molecule (CCBs Market
Leader).
The total Amlodipine market volume reached 4.4 million strips (10 Tablets) for Amlodipine 5 mg
and 1.9 million strips for 10 mg.
Amlodipine is considered a first line of treatment of hypertension, especially in elderly patient,
according to international guidelines.
Manidipine is newly oriented to the market.
Situation Analysis:
Market Overview:
Defined Market
Long acting Calcium Channel Blockers (Mono Molecule).
Sub–Market: Amlodipine Antihypertensive (Mono Molecule).
Current Market Trend (5 Years) IMS–Data: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Financial Objectives:
Thousands EGP FY/2013 FY/2014 FY/2015
Total Brand 3,746 5,594 7,033
Amlodipine 5 mg Tablets 2,474 4,004 5,045
Amlodipine 10 mg Tablets 1,272 1,590 1,988
Target Audience:
Cardiologist
Internist
General Practionner
Positioning Statement:
Amlodipine Tablets (Amriya) offers a 24 hour cardio protection beyond hypertension control for
those patient suffering hypertension with or without other risk factors, Amlodipine offers a high
quality product at an affordable cost and convenient once daily dose.
Main Indications:

Hypertension
Angina
Strategies:
Growth strategy:
Drive growth through market penetration:
Expanding prescribing doctor list.
Maintain current lists.
Addition of new pack (3 strips) for Amlodipine 5 mg Tablets.
Working in two dimensions:
Newly diagnosed patients.
Current un–controlled patients.
Marketing Mix:
Customer services
Revising calling lists and working on expanding prescribing and loyal doctor list in all regions.
Hammering in physicians in AM centers.
Regular PM visits/

Types And Types Of Diabetes Essay
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by loss of the insulin–producing beta cells
of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas leading to insulin deficiency.
Type 2 diabetes : Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance which may be
combined with relatively reduced insulin secretion. The defective responsiveness of body tissues to
insulin is believed to involve the insulin receptor.
Gestational diabetes: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) resembles type 2 diabetes in several
respects, involving a combination of relatively inadequate insulin secretion and responsiveness. It
occurs in pregnancies and may improve or disappear after delivery.
Other forms of diabetes mellitus:
Congenital diabetes which is due to genetic defects of insulin secretion, cystic fibrosis–related
diabetes, steroid diabetes induced by high doses of glucocorticoids, and several forms of monogenic
diabetes.
Pre–diabetes indicates a condition that occurs when a person 's blood glucose levels are higher than
normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
Some cases of diabetes are caused by the body 's tissue receptors not responding to insulin (even
when insulin levels are normal, which is what separates it from type 2 diabetes); this form is very
uncommon
Pathophysiology Of Diabetes
Pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes
In this condition the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin producing beta cells of the

Case Analysis: Unilever And Kraft Heinz
"AOL and Time Warner, Sanofi–Aventis and Genzyme Corp, and Nasdaq OMX/Intercontinental
Exchange and NYSE Euronext". Do these corporations ring a bell? They are, in order, the top three
most hostile takeovers of all time. The question that recently arose in the corporate governance
industry was whether Unilever and Kraft Heinz would be added to the list of hostile takeovers. With
the approval of their key investors, Warren Buffet and Jorge Lemann, the in 2015 formed merger
company Kraft Heinz offered Unilever 143 billion US dollar as an attempt to seal what could have
been the second–largest corporate deal in history. Unilever and Kraft Heinz combined would create
a food and beverage giant worth $84.8 billion, a close second to Nestle, which is worth $91.2
billion. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kraft Heinz has a month to make a firm and final bid before the company is obligated to surrender
and wait six months before being allowed to attempt a new takeover. Due to this rule drafted in U.K.
takeover rules and the initial decline from Unilever, it had every sign of becoming a hostile
takeover. If Kraft Heinz had not withdrawn their bid, would this have turned into a hostile takeover,
would Unilever be protected, in what way and should protection even be necessary? This essay will
focus on different methods of somewhat rather controversial strategies of protecting your company
from hostile takeovers and whether Unilever is already protected from hostile takeovers and if
protection is

Marketing Management Strategy of L’oreal Groups
Marketing Management Strategy of L'Oreal Groups
Introduction
Many cosmetic brands are popping up recently, perhaps, due to the increasing consumers of
products that beautify and enhance the physical appearance of a person. Even though the market is
already full of the said cosmetic brands, the company L'Oreal Groups could still be considered as
the leading supplier of cosmetics and hair–color. This study is a brief overview of the marketing
concepts and strategy of the said company. The company profile will be presented to be able to give
a clear view of the market to which the company belongs to. An internal and external (SWOT)
analysis of the company will also be provided in this paper. Another area will be specifically
devoted to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pharmaceutical activities of L'Oreal are also handled by Sanofi–Aventis. These divisions and
subdivisions ensure the quality that the L'Oreal Group offers to its customers. To further add to the
enumerated strengths of the company, L'Oreal's advertising strategy also plays a major part to its
growth. Through adapting to the culture of their target market as the main tool of their
advertisement, the Company brought L'Oreal products within reach of other women from different
parts of the world.
2. Weaknesses
Perhaps one of the weaknesses that a big company faces is the decentralized organizational
structure. This is also part of the difficulties that L'Oreal is facing. Due to the many subdivisions of
the Company, there is also the difficulty in the control of L'Oreal. This slows down the production of
the Company because of the need of giving reference to the other Board members and directors of
the Company. L'Oreal will also have a difficulty in finding out what division is accountable for the
possible pitfalls of the Company. Another weakness that L'Oreal faces is their profit. The profit
margin of L'Oreal is comparably low than that of the other smaller rivals. While L'Oreal projects
certain rise in digits as their profit, the result does not usually meet the expectations (Sang, 2003).
Perhaps, this is also due to the high–end advertising and marketing as well as the width of the
Company. Finally, the coordination and the control of the activities

Evidence Based Clinical Practice
1.The Organization that developed Prevention of VTE in Orthopedic Surgery Patients: Antithrombic
Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis is The American College of Chest Physicians–Medical
Specialty Society. 2.No stakeholders known of in the speciality. 3.) The founders of The
Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest
Physicians Evidence–Based Clinical Practice Guidelines are: National Heart, Lung, and Blood
Institute [R13 HL104758] Bayer Schering Pharma AG. Educational grants were also provided by:
Bristol–Myers Squibb; Pfizer, Inc Canyon Pharmaceuticals Sanofi–Aventis US. "The sponsors
played no role in the development of these guidelines. Sponsoring organizations cannot recommend
panelists or topics, nor are they allowed prepublication access to the manuscripts and
recommendations." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each article found was systematically reviewed for the main population and interventions used in
the article. The panel used existing systematic reviews as evidence. If the reviews were unavailable
or out of date, the panel performed their own analyses. PICO questions were searched for by topic
panels, that had the same bibliographic databases. "The quality of reviews was assessed using
principles embodied in prior instruments addressing methodologic quality of systematic reviews,
and wherever possible, current high–quality systematic reviews were used as the source of summary
estimates. Reviews were also used to identify additional studies to complement the database

Sanofi Genzyme Merger
(1) Brief Chronology 5/23/2010– Sanofi's CEO Chris Viehbacher approaches Genzyme's CEO
Henri Termeer about an acquisition. Termeer expresses interest but wishes to discuss the possible
deal after the company's shareholder meeting in June. 6/28/2010– Viehbacher calls Termeer to set up
a meeting and Termeer promises to respond soon. 7/2/2010– The media becomes alerted about
Sanofi wishing to purchase a U.S. biotech company as rumors circulate about Genzyme. 7/29/2010–
Sanofi sends a private letter to Genzyme's board of directors offering $69/share in cash. 8/22/2010–
Genzyme rejects Sanofi's offer. 8/29/2010– Sanofi goes public with its offer of $69/share.
8/30/2010– Genzyme publicly rejects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since 2004, Sanofi had developed into a diversified global healthcare company using innovation to
meet the needs of patients throughout the world, with recent acquisitions including, Zentiva,
Medley, Kendricks, Acambis and Symbion Consumer, as well as Merial in animal health. Exhibit
4.1 accurately highlights the exact formation of the company. (3) Brief description of the companies
at the time of the announcement of the transaction A. Sanofi Aventis Sanofi had a total of twenty–
two research and development sites. By the time of the acquisition, Sanofi owned eight operational
sites in France, five sites in other European countries (Germany, United Kingdom, Hungary, Spain,
and Italy), six sites in the United States, one site in Japan, and two sites in China. Sanofi also owned
75 industrial sites worldwide as displayed by Exhibit 1.2. On a broader scale to see how the
company was faring over the years, Exhibit 1.1 accurately depicts the growth in net sales over a
period of five years. Net sales had increased 7.1% from 2006 until 2010 and cash dividends paid per
share had also increased 42.9%. Exhibit 1.4 displays the major shareholders who owned stakes in
the company in 2010 when Sanofi first expressed interest in acquiring Genzyme. Exhibit 1.6 shows
Sanofi's total exposure as of December 31, 2010 by rating and in terms of its percentage exposure to
the dominant

Eli Lilly in India
Eli Lilly in India: Rethinking the Joint Venture Strategy
Case Study Analysis – Final Exam
Submitted by Lloyd Stallings
April 15, 2012
IMAN 615: Dr. Daniel E. Gilbert
Eli Lilly in India: Rethinking the Joint Venture Strategy
Executive Summary
Eli Lilly and Company is a pharmaceutical company, founded in 1876, that integrates many
departments and supply–chain management. The company in itself discovers, develops,
manufactures, and sells a broad line of human health and agricultural products (Lilly.com). Eli Lilly
had grown to become one of the leading pharmaceutical companies in the United States, and by
1992 its products were being manufactured and distributed ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
2. Ranbaxy is having cash flow issues
During the 1990s, Ranbaxy had formulated a new mission for the company. The new mission was to
become a research–based international pharmaceutical company with $1 billion in sales by 2003
(Celly, 2004). In its quest to achieve its mission, Ranbaxy became a part of three other foreign
manufacturing/marketing investments in Canada, the United States, and Ireland. The addition of
these investments, along with the Eli Lilly JV, created a financial burden on Ranbaxy that was
expected to have a significant effect on its cash flow.
3. Patents
Patents are the essential means by which a firm protects its proprietary knowledge. A patent is
defined as a grant made by a government that confers upon the creator of an invention, the sole right
to make, use, and sell that invention for a set period of time. There are two types of patents in
reference to the pharmaceutical industry:

1. The product patent, which covers the chemical substance itself.
2. The process patent which covers the method of processing or manufacturing the substance.
The basic reason that companies patent a new drug is to guarantee the exclusive legal rights to profit
from its innovation for a certain number of years, typically 20 years for a product patent (Celly,
2004). Both patents guaranteed

Case Study Of Sanofi
5.0 Internal Landscape
5.1 Sanofi: The Group
Headquartered in Paris, France, is the 4th largest pharmaceutical company in terms of net sales
worldwide, has presence in more than 100 countries, 110,000 employees, 107 industrial sites and 20
R&D sites . The Group Sanofi's core business consists of the research, development, manufacturing
and marketing of medicines, vaccines and therapeutic solutions. Sanofi achieved 33,770 million
euros of net sales in 2014, based on three businesses as the main pillars, with a net sales
participation by division: Pharmacy 27,720 million euros (82.1%), vaccines 3,974 million euros
(11.8%), animal health 2,076 million euros (6.1%). The diversified portfolio is covering the major
healthcare segments :
Pharmaceuticals: Diabetes, oncology, rare diseases, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disease,
consumer healthcare and generics.
Vaccines: an extensive range of 20 vaccines against infectious diseases.
Animal health: the medicines, parasiticides, vaccines, and business workplace tools for pets, farm
animals and public health.
Background: The history ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The group Sanofi has been the result of several fusions and acquisitions over the past years. The
main historical facts to understand the company construction could be summarized with the first
fusion between, Sanofi, (created in 1973), merged with Synthélabo (created in 1970) in May 1999.
The same year in December, Rhône–Poulenc and Hoechst Marion Roussel merged with the Group
Aventis. Later, in 2004 Sanofi–Synthelabo acquired Aventis. As a result the group changed its name
to Sanofi–Aventis. Finally, On May 6th, 2011, Sanofi–aventis has been simplified to

Lou Gehrig's Disease
ALS stands for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, it is also called Lou Gehrig's Disease. This disease is
a progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes muscle weakness, paralysis, and ultimately,
respiratory failure. This disease has a lot of awareness from the world. Lots of people donate money
, and have also done the ALS ice water bucket challenge.
Image result for als disease ice bucket challenge
This disease affects the nervous system. To affect this system it destroys the nerve cells in the brain
and spinal cord. When the muscles have no nourishment in the muscles they slowly waste away.
Image result for als disease
The effects of ALS are certain cells in the brain and the spinal cord are needed to keep our muscles
moving.

Paleo Diet And Weight Watchers Essay
DRAFT; FAD weight loss diets are a suitable method for an adolescent to lose weight.
Paleo Diet and weight watchers
It has shown that 45 percent of women and 23 percent of men in the healthy weight range considers
that they are overweight; this is having major impacts on dieting in the 21st century. FAD diets such
as the Paleo Diet and weight watchers are not a proper method for an adolescent to lose weight,
especially if the person is already at a healthy weight range. The Paleo diet is a highly discussed diet
into, whether it is essentially causing harm to the body. The Paleo diet is returning back to the early
centuries of food staples including meat, fish, vegetables and fruit excluding dairy or cereal products
and processed foods. However, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After completing research on one day's worth of food from the weight watcher food schedule has
shown if dieting was recommended from doctor or medical professional this would be the best idea
as it follows the Recommended Dietary Intake provided by countless Australian Dietitians
(Dietitians Association of Australia, 2015). Looking through the percentages for the Recommended
Dietary Intake Weight watchers one day food schedule has shown to meet all the required levels
except for calcium, which allows the body to lose slight amounts of weight of certain periods of
time, while still allowing the body to receive the vitamins and minerals that allow the body to cope
without breaking down other materials through the body and hurting itself. Dieting through the
teenage year is not ideal as the fuel that needs to be supplied to the body for growth and
development of the body. Healthy eating through the teenage years is crucial to support the body
through this time of rapid change. Unfortunately, teenagers do not understand it this way and
somehow parents need to force these vitamins and minerals in their diets (Sanofi–aventis
Healthcare,

The Process and Applications of Synthetic Biology
In today's society, there is the constant push in the science field to discover or create something new
that will redefine society's outlook on a certain subject. Most look to uncover large discoveries, but
this experiment looks toward the microscopic level. Synthetic biology is a very useful tool that can
lead to milestones in the science field. Synthetic biology is the design and construction of new
biological parts, devices, and systems. It focuses on the whole system of genes and gene products to
extend and modify the behavior of organisms and engineer them to perform new tasks.
(Andrianantoandro) Synthetic biology has to be done in a specific way to achieve the desired
product. The process begins with synthetic biologists using resources and machinery of host cells.
They will modify the cells themselves as well as engineer devices for the cell. It is very important
that the product is reliable and predictable. This can be achieved by statistically using large numbers
of independent cells or by synchronizing individual cells through intercellular communication.
Intercellular communication makes each cell more predictable and reliable, and can coordinate tasks
across heterogeneous cell populations to yield highly sophisticated behavior. Therefore,
multicellular systems are more reliable in performing complex tasks.(Andrianantoandro) Although
synthetic biology is still an up and coming field, there are applications in society that are used today.
Scientist John Melo, Chief

Teva Pharmaceuticals Case Study
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT (General Environment) A company like Teva Pharmaceuticals is
subject to all of the factors of the external environment given the nature of its business and global
expansion. Pharmaceuticals is an industry where high profits can be achieved, but it is also an
extremely challenging business when one considers all of the political/legal aspects involving
government regulation and patents. Every country has strict regulation and testing requirements for
drugs that affect companies differently depending on their position in the market. Originally,
innovative pharmaceutical companies had to obtain patent protection and FDA approval but this
would translate to years of protection from the generic competition. Once the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though the capital requirements are less demanding in generic pharmaceuticals, it is still a very
expensive venture and extremely competitive, making it hard to penetrate as well. The biosimilar
industry is undeveloped and competition is scarce, but it takes a lot of money and expertise to
produce products that are as complex as these pharmaceuticals. Bargaining power of the buyer
(pharmacies) is high in the generics industry that Teva is in. This is because price is what drives
everything in generic pharmaceuticals. Of course, the reason why Teva is so successful is due to
their size and ability to take advantage of economies of scale. Also they own Active Pharma
Ingredients and are basically their own supplier of pharmaceutical ingredients. Often Teva supplies
other generics companies with their ingredients, gaining significant edge over their competition. A
new generic supplier would not be able to support this kind of scale and could not be competitive
with a company like Teva. Bargaining power of Teva as the supplier to other companies is high but
its bargaining power towards pharmacies buying their products goes from medium to low as
competition floods the market. Another one of Porter's five forces is the threat of new substitutes,
which is the main problem in the generics market. A new firm must be cognisant of the fact that
every company in the industry will be able to produce the same

Glaxo Smithkline
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction 2
1.1 Objectives 2
1.2 Overview of the Organization 2
2.0 Market Share and Competition in the industry 3
2.1 Market Share 3
2.2 Portfolio 4
2.3 Competition 5
3.0 Industry Market Structure 7
4.0 Conclusion 8
5.0 References 9
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objectives
This assignment was prepared to understand and present an overview of GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), in
the pharmaceutical industry and its competition against its distributors in Sri Lanka and also its
market structure in view of its market structure at present in the industry.
1.2 Overview of the Organization
GlaxoSmithKline, with operations worldwide is an acclaimed universal healthcare group engaged in
the creation, discovery, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Respiratory –consists of products such as Seratide, Ventolin, Flixonase and is ranked 3rd among the
competitors on overall sales performance.
Overall sales contribution of the portfolio's are depicted in the chart below;
Figure 1.2
Source – GSK SL Sales Report
2.3 Competition
GSK is one of the few pharmaceutical companies researching both medicines and vaccines for the
World Health Organization's three priority diseases, with a turnover of US$ 1,789 million and a 92%
of sales achievement in 2009.

Low cost generic brands give GSK high competition despite the fact that GSK being one of the
market leaders. The main competitor for GSK is Cipla with a market share of 8.85% and they are
growing at a rate of 10.9%. Cipla is the main supplier of pharmaceutical products to the entire
public sector and they import at cheaper prices mainly from Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India.
As shown below, some of the other main competitors are as follows,
Rank | Company | Market Share | 1 | Cipla | 8.85% | 2 | Glaxo SmithKline | 8.15% | 3 | Zydus Cadilla
| 5.00% | 4 | Torrent Pharma | 3.36% | 5 | Sun Pharma | 3.14% | 6 | Ranbaxy | 3.00% | 7 | Astron |
2.57% | 8 | Micro Labs | 1.97% | 9 | Astra Zeneca | 1.87% | 10 | Kalbe Group | 1.79% | 11 | Janssen–
Cilag | 1.61% | 12 | Pharmachemie | 1.59% | 13 | Sanofi Aventis | 1.57% | 14 | USV

The United States Pharmaceutical Market Based On A Health...
Background: In the United States, healthcare is based on a health insurance model that is managed
mainly through private insurance. The private insurance is mainly sponsored by employers. Around
52% of the American population is covered by employer –sponsored insurance and just 5% covered
by individual insurance. Public coverage of healthcare is provided through Medicare, Medicaid and
other programs run by both federal and state governments. Approximately, 27% of the population is
covered by these public arrangements and the remaining 15% is uninsured (Chu et.al., 2010). The
United States pharmaceutical market is mainly market–based. Various health plans are aggregated
together by private payers, such as health insurers, managed care organizations and pharmaceutical
benefit managers and they purchase pharmaceuticals on behalf of their members. Often, differential
cost–sharing, formularies and other methods are employed by these payers to influence prescribing
practices, allowing them to negotiate discounted prices from pharmaceutical manufacturers and
pharmacies (Chu et.al., 2010). Shared Risk Contracting "Risk sharing occurs when two parties
identify a risk and agree to share the loss upon the occurrence of the loss due to the risk."
(Outsourcing Law.com, 2015). The parties should have a mutual interest in achieving the outcome
and they should agree to share the risks associated with achieving that. The sharing of risk is mainly
referring to cost–containment (Chu et.

A Diverse And Sustainable Compound Library For Aid Drug...
A diverse and sustainable compound library to aid drug development and sales.
________________________________________
Public Profile
The consumer–facing side of your profile is written so anybody can easily understand your product
or service. Information about the investment opportunity is detailed on the "Business Plan" side of
the profile to maintain compliance with SEC 'general solicitation' regulation.
Carmolex Inc.
3–5 sentence "quick pitch" outlining key takeaways that will be explored in more depth within the
body of the profile.
Pharmaceutical companies need robust and high quality compound libraries to develop and market
new prescription drugs. To help these companies develop top–tier compound libraries, Carmolex
Inc. has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The founders of Carmolex believe that it is time to give the pharmaceutical industry a more effective
compound library to aid in the development or marketing of new prescription drugs. Redefining
Drug Discovery
Carmolex is a toolbox for drug discovery. There are 150+ million molecules in our library that drug
developers while synthesizing drugs to assess the viability of a specific receptor and molecule.
Carmolex is the world's largest molecular library.
The Carmolex library is virtual drug discovery. Instead of needing large quantities of molecules for
drug testing, drug developers can virtually test billions of potential molecules to see if they work
with receptors, before even synthesizing the drug. The Carmolex compound library streamlines the
drug development process.
Not only does Carmolex streamline the drug development process, it also expands it. Most drug
discovery efforts only sample a tiny portion of chemical space. Our software and databases make it
possible to virtually design and screen a much larger and more diverse chemical space.
By expanding the chemical space and overcoming the traditional multi–step chemical synthesis
process, our disruptive solutions increase the likelihood of successfully delivering molecules for
testing by 80%. Carmolex's fast and inexpensive approach overcomes the limitations of today's
inadequate molecule libraries and High

Approaches For Clinical Care For Patients With...
OBJECTIVE: To explore the approaches for clinical pharmacsists in clinical treatment and provide
pharmaceutical care for patients with pharmacotherapy and adverse drug reactionsz. METHODS:
The clinical pharmacsists participated in glycemic management of a patient with type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) following severe insulin resistance, presented with coma, mechanical ventilation
with tracheotomy, enteral nutrition support. RESULTS: Considering the complexity of these issues,
the clinical pharmacists make medication therapy modifications to assist physicians in achieving
blood glucose and HbA1c goals and reduce adverse drug events. CONCLUSIONS: The
participation of clinical pharmacsists can help clinical pharmacists in pharmacotherapy help ... Show
This is the first case report on blood glucose management with these conditions in worldwide.
Clinical pharmacists assisted physicians in making individualized regimen to improve the
therapeutic efﬁcacy and ensure the patient safety.
Case report
An 89–year–old Chinese woman (body mass index 29.3kg/m2) with a 4–year history of T2DM was
diagnosed by Tianjin first center hospital in 2010. In 2013 due to cerebral infarction with coma and
respiratory failure, this patient was in ICU treatment. Until now, the patient is still in coma,
mechanical ventilation with tracheotomy, with nasointestinal tube feeding.
The patient was in coma, unable to eat normally. The good glycaemic control with continued
intravenous human insulin (Novolin R®，Novo Nordisk, Denmark) 2U/h therapy was injected to
the patient, considering the creatinine clearance rate (Ccr 40ml/min), combined with pioglitazone
(Actos®, Takeda, Japan)22.5mg daily via nasointestinal tube for improving insulin resistance. Due
to hyperglycemia and HbA1c 8.8%, the patient was added subcutaneous liraglutide (Victoza®,
Novo Nordisk, Denmark)1.2mg daily and a long–acting insulin analogues–glargine (Lantus®,
Sanofi–Aventis, France)40U daily; After these treatments, glycaemic control remained poor. So
therapy was changed from insulin glargine to detemir (Levemir®, Novo Nordisk, Denmark) 16U
twice daily, then gradually increased to

Mergers and Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical Sector...
Mergers and acquisitions in the pharmaceutical sector since the last 10years to cope with the
mutations of this sector.
[pic]
Contents
Title p.1
Introduction p.3
1. The pharmaceutical sector p.6
1.1. Introduction of the pharmaceutical sector 1.2 The actual pharmaceutical market 1.3 The actors
of the pharmaceutical market 1.4 The strategic segmentation of the pharmaceutical market
2. The strict rules of the pharmaceutical sector in the world. p.12 ... Show more content on
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Moreover, the financial crisis which ruins the developed countries since 2007 only creates a
slowdown in the market of the health. It is this unfavourable context, and the need for the leaders of
the pharmacy to react, which led us to deal with the following subject: "strategies of mergers and
acquisitions to resist to the current changes in the pharmaceutical sector".
In order to delimit this subject, we chose one period to concentrate ourselves on which is the last
decade, and one of our analysis of the Pfizer group goes on the recent repurchase of the Wyeth
group,
In order to analyse, as well as possible, the mergers and acquisitions and its consequences on the
sector, there will be presented, at the same time, the sector as a whole, the internal audit of the
pharmaceutical market, to finish with the strategic issues and the example of the merger between
Pfizer and Wyeth because Wyeth, unlike Pfizer, represents the future of pharmaceutical companies.
Innovative and related to the products of tomorrow, the Wyeth Company has been, since a few
years, a serious competitor for the world leaders like Pfizer.
The purchase of its rival announces for Pfizer a new departure. In danger, the

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