The Disaster Of The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster

The Disaster Of The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster
Engineering Disaster Newton's third law of motion states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction; this law is not only applied
in our studies but in our daily lives. For engineers, this is a law to live by; reminding each engineer that each of his/her actions will have an equal
consequence whether it is good or bad. Engineers are trusted and respected individuals who represent not only themselves but the profession as a
whole; their title gives them a great responsibility and a reputation to carry. On rare occasions do engineers make mistakes that sometimes lead to
disasters that impact the lives of many. For every disaster that occurs as a result of an engineering mistake; thousands of lessons are learned. One
disaster that impacted the lives of many and was labelled as the worst engineering disaster in history is the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. The chain of
events that lead to this disaster where taken as lessons and used to write many of today's engineering codes of ethics, and improve safety regulations in
various industries.
On the morning of April 26th 1986 the world experienced the worst nuclear and engineering disaster ever: the nuclear disaster of Chernobyl. Reactor
number 4 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant exploded due various reasons: the design of the reactor itself had a major flaw that would make it
unstable when run at low power, and the employees responsible for running the reactor were inadequately trained. Leonid Toptunov, the
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Disaster Essay
"DISASTERS CREATES OPPURTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPMENT"
DISASTER:
Disaster can be defined as "The occurrence of a sudden or major misfortune which disrupts the basic fabric and normal functioning of a society, or
community."
"An event or series of events which gives rise to casualties and/or damage or loss of property, infrastructure, essential services or means of livelihood
on a scale which is beyond the normal capacity of the affected community's ability to cope with out aid."
According to UNISDR Disaster is defined as "A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society causing widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own ... Show more content on
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Why and how disasters vary and have different impacts in different areas and situations? The answer lies in the degree of development of that particular
area and situation. In developing countries development only works best when there is a strong need of development and there are volunteer leaders to
work for their betterment. For example when an area is hit by a disaster and suffered great economic and social loss then the local people residents and
governmental and nongovernmental organizations will start focusing their attention towards such area and situation and will start more and more
developmental activities for the betterment and improvement of such area. The magnitude of the disaster cannot be helped but the after effects can be.
The disaster disrupts the living and almost everything but it also gives them a chance to reconstruct better and in ways that they always wanted or
desired. The current disaster just showed them where and what went wrong. The new ways and plans are to be more resistant than the last one. The
developmental activities include activities such as awareness raising among the people by educating the people in order to have knowledge for future
disasters. Preparedness, prevention and mitigation measures should be and are introduced in context of reconstruction, relocation, new investment in
order to increase the coping capacity of a country

How to Respond to Major Natural Disasters by Remote Sensing
How to respond to major natural disaster by using Remote Sensing
Introduction
The increasingly frequent disasters in the world are damaging people's property and security. Moreover, the catastrophes bring massive negative effects
on the development of society. In the meanwhile, it is impossible to obtain the accurate data of disaster areas by traditional observations or detection
modes. Though natural disaster is a tough problem to human beings, remote sensing (RS) could help people better deal with it. According to Mei
(2008), remote sensing is a reliable method of measurement which could acquire information about the property of a phenomenon or object by an
observation device which is not in physical contact with the phenomenon or object under study. For example, bats are good users of RS. They can
emit super sonic waves at 25000–70000 Hz and receive the acoustic echo by which means they can locate their prey and navigate. There are two main
categories of RS data: aerial data and satellite data. High precision is the most advantage of airborne images. Unlike aerial data, satellite data aim at
collecting information from wide range of areas.
There are numerous incomparable advantages of RS which could help respond to natural calamities, such as wide field of view, non–contact and low
cost. The advanced technology could fulfill ample tasks because of its various kinds of probes. For instance, thermal infrared probes could collect
information to predict earthquake and

Disaster Recovery Plan
Disasters are unavoidable within businesses and organizations alike. Disasters not only affect the business and organizational continuity, it will also
result in a major modification of the organization's operational mechanisms (Awasthy, 2009). Businesses now prepare a business continuity plan and a
disaster recovery plan because of these reasons so that they may simplify the disaster management when next one occurs. It is highly important for
every business to have an effective disaster recovery plan to go to in the event of a disaster (Thejendra, 2008). This disaster recovery plan has been
created and prepared for Bain & Company. This plan will determine the goals and objectives as well as the programs for properly handling natural
disasters and threats that could harm the company. A framework will be provided for recovery by predicting future threats or disasters that could
happen around or within the business. This DRP will be targeted toward the security and protection of the business customers and employees. This plan
will also help to mitigate business downtime that will usually happen during a disaster. A few examples of disasters that could occur are natural
disasters, such as hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, etc. As well as terrorist threats such as strikes, bomb threats, fires, etc. (Thejendra, 2008).
Bain & Company Bain & Company is a business–consulting organization that provides assistance and aid to many organizations to help them

Vasa Anthropogenic Disaster
Since a disaster is defined as "a calamitous event, especially one occurring suddenly and causing great loss of life, damage, or hardship, as a flood,
airplane crash, or business failure (Dictionary.com), I would say the sinking of the Vasa was a anthropogenic disaster. The failure of the Vasa can
be contributed to more than just its sinking, if we take a look at its inception the Vasa was predestined to fail. The lessons learned from this event
can provide insight into the loss of the Vasa and projects of today. 1.Lack of documentation: According to the article there was no scientific theory of
how a vessel should be build, no schematics or engineering drawings to provide a visual of how the boat would look and the blueprints "lived" in the
head of the designer. 2.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unrealistic timeline of completion: Based on pass successes it was notated that 2 or 3 years are required to complete a single ship. Then contract
between Hybertson and Admiral Fleming required a "speeded–up" rate of production which did not allow for adjustments to errors or true evaluation
of each ship individually. As the war became more active the time constraints to complete the Vasa became tight. 3.Unclear expectations: The primary
function of the Vasa was to be a large war. Unfortunately there were no specifications of what the ship should look like the only information provided
were approximate length and width the ship should have. Hybertson was responsible for determining the form and proportions of the ship based on
what knew about ships build in the

Bhopal Disaster
ASSIGNMENT 1 TITLE:BHOPAL DISASTER DATE: 30 NOVEMBER 2009 1. Abstract The night of 3rd December marked an industrial disaster
when more than 40 tons of methyl isocyanate gas leaked from a pesticide plant in Bhopal, India that instantly led to the death of approximately 3,800
people and causing permanent injuries for thousands more. The company involved shamelessly tried to avoid its legal responsibility. Nonetheless, a
sum of $470 million was paid as compensation, a considerably small amount in comparison to the impact from the consequences of this tragedy. The
aftermath of the disaster indicated the need for international standards for environmental safety and preventive strategies to sustain from similar
accidents. India has... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, the location of the plant being situated nearby a large lake guaranteed sufficient water supple for the chemical processes. Electricity
needs were also available in Bhopal to supply enough electricity to the plant that enabled the plant to operate 24 hours. The origin on the Bhopal
plant was to supply pesticide in order to protect the Indian agricultural production. These pesticides were made to cater to the Indian market and to
gain the ability to transform its agricultural sector into a modern activity. No doubt the benefits, the plant also had its perks. India is still nonetheless a
developing country which at current still lacks the infrastructure necessary to support this chemical plant. Nevertheless, companies invested in the
plant failing to realize the flaws in the infrastructure. The impracticality of the plant's management brought the creation of a low cost plant with
minimal safety features. UCIL also had weak policies, procedures and regulations for their workers. The management's goals and missions were set
beyond the plant's capability and this is said to be one of the main causes of the tragedy. 4. Industrial Processes and Operation Union Carbide is a
known plant that produces the pesticide plant in the Indian City of Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh for agriculture purposes in India. Using MIC as an
intermediate, an alternative trademark brand name for carbaryl is

Essay on The Disaster at Chernobyl
The Disaster at Chernobyl
On April 26th, 1986, operators at the Chernobyl Power Plant in Chernobyl, Ukraine, ran what they thought to be a routine safety test. But fate was not
on the side of these operators. Without warning, reactor #4 became unstable, as it had been operating at a low power for a possible shutdown and the
reactor's design caused it to be unsafe at this level of power. Internal temperatures rose. Attempts to cool the system produced the opposite effect.
Instantly, the nuclear core surged with power. At 1:23 p.m., the reactor exploded. The first blast ripped off the reactor's steel roof. The second blast
released a large plume of radiation into the sky. Flames engulfed the building. For ten long days, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While some of the radiation lasted only for a few weeks, radioactive cesium–137 contaminated the ground, plants, animals, and people with particles
that produce destructive energy waves for 30 or more years. Over time, both kinds of radiation can cause cancer and other diseases.[2] Patricia Doyle,
president of the Chernobyl Children's Project which aids victims of the Chernobyl accident said, "The Chernobyl accident resulted initially in an
epidemic of thyroid cancer in the surrounding region. While that has subsided, physicians have been seeing an increase in tumors of all types caused
by exposure to the radiation that remains in the soil."[3] According to a statistic from the Belarus Ministry of Health quoted during a field visit in
January 1999, only 15% of the children between the ages of 5 and 15 are in "good health." [4]
The regions commonly identified as experiencing the greatest contamination include the oblasts (regions) of Homyel', Mahilyow, and Brest in southern
and eastern Belarus; Kyiv, Zhytomyr, and Chernihiv in northern Ukraine; and Bryansk in southwestern Russia.[5] Many of the effects on public health
are difficult to determine. While many health concerns are the cause of overexposure to radiation from the accident, poor nutrition, the generally low
level of health, and stress and anxiety produced by fear of radiation exposure may all also be factors.
Another effect

Cause Of The Pompeii Disaster
Pompeii Destruction "By 79 CE, Pompeii was a city of about 20,000 people. There had been earthquakes, but the eruption which began on October
24 lasted for two days." Say Kerion Connolly for 1,500 yrs pompeii was gone covered in volcanic ash because of mt vesuvius. There had been
earthquakes, but the eruption which began on October, 24 lasted for two days and made the city of ash. Before the eruption there had been multiple
earthquakes. Then on october 24 the volcano erupted. Earthquakes shook pompeii then the volcano erupted for 2 days straight. The main cause is that
pompeii went extinct another is that 16,000 people died out of 20,000. How the disaster formed was by the previous earthquakes.This was not an
accident.The people had no warning that the volcano was going to erupt. So they did not have time to plan what they were going to do if the volcano. ...
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It affects everyone because some people had family that lived in pompeii. At that time and some people were planning on going to pompeii and live
there. Then people found out that that the volcano erupted. So then they had to re plan their trip so they had to go somewhere. This disaster could
have not been prevented. Nothing could be done to prevent this disaster. it could not be handled differently. If this disaster did not happen then
pompeii would have not been destroyed and it would have not been covered in volcanic ash for 1,500 now people are now aware of what could
happen when a volcano like Mt vesuvius erupts According to Kieron Connolly "At the height of the eruption, 1.5 million tons of molten rock and
pumice were blasted out of the volcano every second." Mt vesuvius has erupted three dozen times since 79 A.D. Most recently from 1913–1944. The
1913–1944 eruption is thought to be the end of an eruptive cycle. That began erupting in 1631. It has not erupted since then, but Vesuvius is an active
volcano , will it erupt

Katrina's Tragic Disasters
Page
1 of 2
Drew TejchmanURST 241Professor PratoMarch 11, 2018Katrina There are many tragic disasters that happen all over the world! Some of these
tragic situations that occur are out of our hands and can't always be controlled, but what we can do is help and warn people in these times. In recent
disasters we have not been fully committed on doing that and that has led us to be more prepared. When Katrina happened in New Orleans, Louisiana
on August 23, 2005 hundreds of people died and lost homes. The main reason was not what happened it was how it was handled by the government.
When a disaster happens the government is supposed to send troops and FEMA to help the people in need, bring supplies, and evacuate if needed.
When Katrina happened

Disaster Is A Blind Killer
Disaster is a blind killer as it erupts and affects thousands worldwide. The severity of disasters is expected to increase as a result of contemporary
threats (biological, cyber, nuclear, etc.) in addition to increased globalization and climate change. Yet sometimes government bodies, corporations, and
the like fall short in instituting preventative systems to avert a disaster, oftentimes causing the general populous to be inadequately prepared should a
catastrophe occur. Union Carbide's gas leak of methyl isocyanate (MIC) at Bhopal, India in December of 1984 is an example of a tragedy that could
have easily been averted had the Indian government been more proactive in the maintenance and enforcement of regulatory systems. Union Carbide's...
The resulting gas leak killed more than 2,500 people that night alone, and would go on to claim the lives of over thousands of others. The sequence
of events of that evening is arguably the result of operating errors, design flaws, maintenance failures, training deficiencies, and economic measures
that endangered the safety amongst the residents living nearby (Das 1996, 161). The decommissioned refrigeration unit, the faulty pressure level,
and temperature indicators of the MIC tank are examples of the lack of preventative measures Union Carbide ignored. Additionally, the lack of
implemented safety measures in place prior to the leak could not have prevented a chemical reaction of this magnitude. In designing the plant's safety
systems, a water curtain for neutralizing MIC had been installed. Had a gas leak occurred, the water would come on to dissipate; however, the water
curtain was set to reach only a certain height whereas MIC has the potential to escape far beyond calculated heights due to outside factors such as
wind (Bowonder 2012, 162). Union Carbide claimed that factors such as employee sabotage – not the faulty design or operation – were the primary
cause of the tragedy. An analysis by Bowonder found that the failures were at the corporate level. These managerial failures are the most critical and
paramount if accidents are to be averted.

Disasters Throughout My High School And Undergraduate Career
Disasters Journal Assignment
Josephine Heil
West Chester University
SWG 577
Monday, August 3rd, 2015 The first day of class was very emotional and powerful. Prior to signing up for a social work in disasters course, I reflected
on how little I learned about disasters throughout my high school and undergraduate career. I was unaware of the political and race aspects from the
aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. I am also extremely overwhelmed by the devastation and emptiness from the catastrophe. Individuals went weeks
without being reunited with family members, shelter, and adequate amounts of food and water. Prior to viewing "When The Levees Broke", I
imagined everyone having the ability to evacuate in time and our federal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the first day of class, Professor Bean had our Social Work in Disasters class split up into several different groups. The groups were those who
lived in another country, been in a disaster–suffered traumatic loss, worked in a rescue relief, and been a natural helper. I was a part of the natural
helper group because of my one–week alternative break trip to the Dominican Republic. Prior to this trip, I was recently declared a social work major,
and I was unaware of the various systems social workers work with. This trip taught me so much about how systems work together or for that matter,
do not work together. I will never forget the home visits my alternative break group and I went on during our one–week stay. I did not even know it
before that the people I met experienced individual and collective trauma. A vast majority of the people I met experienced individual trauma through
murders of loved ones, house fires, and sexual abuse. I observed collective trauma through the individual's experiences with floods, which caused
members of the community to have no communication with one another for weeks. I am not sure if it relates, but I also concluded that the election of
their new leader was a good example of collective trauma. The community felt hopeless, many people vanished or migrated to the United States and
each person lost a close bond. The one

The Disaster Of The Chernobyl Disaster
On the day of April 26, 1986, an event that had affected many people took place, The Chernobyl Disaster. The radiation cloud had spread over 27
countries. 28 people died within a few weeks as a result of acute radiation poisoning. The steam explosion and fires had released 5% of the radioactive
reactor core into the atmosphere. 1,100 square miles around the reactor still remain uninhabitable to this day.
Recently documented, it has been said that over 500,000 people have died from radiation exposure over the past two decades. 5–8 million people
continue to live in the contamination zone causing a surge in infant mortality and children born with deformities. While we can force oil companies to
improve their safety and environmental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Warren Buffet, concerned over his major stake in the insurance industry, a nuclear terrorist strike is matter not if, but when: "We're going
to have something in the way of a major nuclear (terrorist) event in this country. It will happen. Whether it will happen in 10 years or 10 minutes, or 50
years ... it's virtually a certainty."
Spent nuclear fuel rods have a half–life of nearly 30,000 years
Depleted uranium will remain toxic for an estimated 4.5 million years. After decades of scientific research at locations like Yucca Mountain in
Nevada, no one has figured out how and where to store the radioactive waste created by nuclear power generation. Energy Secretary Steven Chu
recently admitted that he has no firm plans for the radioactive wastes created by the proposed new reactors, or by the 104 currently licensed.
And according to CBS News, waste is currently leaking from a quarter of US nuclear power sites. In the last three years alone, cancer–causing tritium
was found in the water and soil around nuclear sites in New Jersey, Massachusetts and Vermont.
Uranium extraction producing radioactive rock, dust and water, resulting in contaminated water supplies and skyrocketing cancer, kidney and other
deadly diseases in communities near uranium mines. The extraction jobs are some of the most dangerous anywhere, with workers regularly
overexposed to radiation. During the decades long

The Chernobyl Disaster
After the Chernobyl disaster, the mutations were long and some were short, People found the first evidence of radioactive from chernobyl they found it
in Sweden on an employee's uniform, in Radiated locations of Chernobyl there was more mutations, the mutations that happened were Feet, Tumor's,
Abdomen, Eye's, Chin, Skin, These mutations have never been seen in any part of the world, There's been many cases of mutations in the world but
nothing like this ever which makes it really unique, the mutations also got to animals that lived there which were more affected than humans, the
Soviet union, Bryansk plus Ukraine were evacuated from the radiation. While all the people were being evacuated the animals stayed back and became
mutated by the

Is National Preparedness Month A Disaster?
Did you know that September is National Preparedness month? This recognition serves as a reminder that we must always plan to be ready for a
disaster (CDC.gov, 2015). Disasters are sudden events, such as an accident or natural catastrophe that causes great damage or loss of life.
Merriam–Webster defines it in this manner; something (such as a flood, tornado, fire, plane crash that happens suddenly and causes much suffering or
loss to many people; something that has a very bad effect or result. In addition, a complete or terrible failure.
When a disaster occurs, communities turn to hospitals not only for care of their loved ones, but also for food, shelter, and to coordinate relief efforts
and recovery (Aha.org, 2012). Hospital administrators have the enormous responsibility of ensuring that key tasks are taken care of beforehand. For
instance, threat analysis, disaster plan, a well–defined leadership structure, strong emergency communication system, and resource management.
Therefore, the only way to deal with a disaster is through preparedness, response, awareness, and recovery.
Preparedness
Preparedness deals with the state of being prepared (Merriam–WebsterDictionary, n.d.). Being prepared or preparedness, means to plan for events such
as these through analyzation and assessment. Knowing what to plan for takes the guess work out of the development of such a plan. Administrators
must never underestimate the importance of being prepared.
America 's hospitals serve by

Occurrences Of Natural Disaster Or Man-Made Disaster
Final literature review
Introduction
Occurrences of natural disaster or man–made disaster have increased this last decade thus there is a constant need to provide humanitarian support to
population affected by such disasters. Means of communications are vital to manage rescues operation during down time. However, in worst case
scenario most of the infrastructures are getting damaged. Therefore, it is essential to restore communications within the disaster zone. This literature
review is divided in three main stages, which are the consequences of a natural disaster, the need of communication and the solutions available to
provide communication to the population.
Disaster consequences
The Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED, 2009) defines a disaster as an unforeseen event that causes destruction and resulted
in a high number of civilian casualties, that overwhelms local capacity and request international assistance. Alexander (2014) agrees "An emergency is
defined as an exceptional event that exceeds the capacity of normal resources and organization to cope with it".
Impacts of disaster are usually measured by the cost of direct and indirect losses. What is meant by Indirect losses are losses of employment,
temporary unemployed resulting from business disruption caused by building collapsing (National Research Council U.S, 1989) thus the impact can
last for an indeterminate period of time (Alexander, 2014b) therefore the cost of Indirect losses caused by natural disasters are difficult to quantified.
Whereas direct losses encompass physical destruction, casualties, communication loss, transportation, and emergency response. (National Research
Council U.S, 1999). Munich Re (1989, cited in Hoeppe, 2016) states that cost of losses caused by natural disaster have extremely increased since 1950
mainly because of population growth and the complexity of infrastructures in modern societies.
The professor Rahman defines the complex relationship between infrastructures as infrastructures interdependencies where each node is known as a
Critical Infrastructures. According to Moteff and Parfomak (2004) a CI is a system that if disrupted can lead to serious issues on the wellbeing of
society.

The majority of the administrative elements and many of the academic programs are heavily dependent and integrated with data processing to the
extent that continued operation without data processing would require extensive alteration in methods of doing business. In the event that data
processing services are interrupted for any extensive period of time, it is necessary that the University have a plan for continuing operations and
reestablishing automated data processing.
A disaster recovery plan is a written contingency plan for responding to a disaster which has disrupted the data processing facilities. Its purpose is to
provide a general guide based upon preplanned actions which will reduce decision making ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Operations Team is led by the Senior Operator. All operations staff are members. The team members and responsibilities overlap with the Systems
and Applications Software Team. Computer members of the Damage Assessment Team are to join the Operations Team as damage assessment winds
down (usually within 48 hours). The Team is responsible for:
В• establishing emergency production procedures at the secondary site,
В• operating the secondary site if required,
В• recreate as closely as possible original site operations including backup, security, data entry, information distribution and user assistance functions,
В• advising users of the disaster and recovery and operations procedures,
В• assisting users in recovery operations,
В• assisting programmer/analysts in program recovery.
Media Services will form a separate operations team. The team will be led by the Classroom Services Supervisor. The team will restore basic services,
salvage equipment and if possible visually record general and specific damage to assist in determination of damage cost.
Microcomputer Services will form a separate operations team. The team will consist of all members of the Microcomputer Services staff and will be
led by the senior laboratory assistant. The team will assist users in recovery of and initial operation of the office operation systems. The team will
relocate operational microcomputers to critical areas as directed by the management group.
The management

Rhetorical Analysis on Energy Disaster
Dana Trimmer
Rhetorical Analysis In Michael T. Klare's "The Coming Era of Energy Disasters," he seems to focus on the major risks off shore drilling the causes
and the effect on the environment. The overall argument conveys that unless the oil industry and the consumer take an alternative route to dangerous
oil drilling "more such calamities are destined to occur" (Klare 1). Klare is very vocal in criticizing of the BP executives concerning the Deepwater
Horizon disaster. He proceeds to state the fact the chief executives of BP chose to call the accident and oversight "a fallacious, if not outright lie"
(Klare 1). Klare's article offers four scenarios that point to the escalating chances of major disasters if oil ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While this is very plausible it has not happened to the Hibernia at the present time. Klare's persuasive appeal tends to lean more on the readers
emotions. His scenarios tend to try to spark anger by the reader. Klare uses scenario number two to raise the awareness that Nigerians are already
impoverished and are being used by the government unfairly. Klare in one hand has his audience feeling poorly for the Nigerian workers and in the
other suggests, do to "the pipeline vandalism, kidnappings and militant takeovers of oil facilities" (Klare 3) that America has reason to aid the military.
Klare has his audience upset and emotionally unsure that simulates his imaginary scenario. Klare escalates the insurgence of the
Niger Delta region, placing the Nigerian oil output down to a third of its capacity" (Klare 3).
Klare angers his readers by having them believe they will be "paying $5 per gallon of gasoline in the United States and convincing them the economy
is headed for another deep recession" (Klare
3). This is Klare's strategy for all of his scenarios. It is interesting that throughout the article
Klare is very anti–oil drilling and uses very harsh examples and words, but finishes his article on a softer note with a disclaimer. Klare reminds his
intended

Outline Of The Hillsborough Disaster
Title of The Study:
The Hillsborough Disaster April 15 1989
Outline Plan:
Define and Justify:
My project is about the Hillsborough Disaster which happened on the 15 April 1989, during the 1988–1989 FA Cup semi–final between Liverpool and
Nottingham Forest. The disaster was a human crush which took place at the Hillsborough football stadium in Sheffield, England, claiming the lives of
96 people and injuring 766 more. I chose this topic because I had watched a documentary on the disaster and I have family members who are big
Liverpool supporters.
Aims:
My aims are:
1: To investigate the causes of the crush.
2: To discover the historical significance of TheHillsborough Disaster and the aftermath.
3: To develop my research skills as an independent... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This tunnel led down to pens 3 and 4, the pens situated directly behind the goal. Although there was another tunnel leading to pens 1 and 2, this
was poorly signed. When Gate C was opened, the mass influx of people went straight ahead, into Tunnel 2. Because of this, those already in pens 3
and 4 began to get crushed. In the space of a few minutes, 2,000 fans had entered the tunnel marked 2. Some fans climbed over the fences into less
packed pens. However, those at the front of pens 3 and 4 had no way of getting over the high metal fences and became crushed against them. One
barrier in pen 3 collapsed, causing fans to fall on top of one another. Some fans were dragged to safety by those on the upper tiers, while others
managed to climb into other pens. At 3.06pm, the referee ended the game. Advertising boards were used as makeshift stretchers to help those who
had been crushed and First Aid was given by other supporters to the injured. Only two ambulances reached the scene of the crush and out of the 96
that died that day, only 14 were ever admitted to hospital. The main causes of this human crush was because of police error in knowledge of crowd
control and inability to keep order. The stadium was also the cause because it was unsafe for large crowds and had been given a false safety

The Ethics Of The Bhopal Disaster
In the Business Ethics Foundation Terms class (September 2nd 2014), we discussed the ethical implications of the Bhopal disaster on December 2nd
and 3rd, 1983. A plant that belonged to Union Carbide subsidiary had a chemical explosion, killing 10,000 lives (conservatively) and affecting the
livelihood of local and their descendants. Although many reasons have been offered up to try to explain this disaster such as the poor establishment of
the manufacturing plant, less stringent labor laws, non–exist environment laws, as well as the negligence in educating the public and medical facilities in
Bhopal about the fatality of the pesticide. It is my opinion that the government should also have placed strict boundary rules to limit populations
moving into the possible disaster zone. The government of India's negligence lies in one or both of the following: not assessing the risk of building a
manufacturing plant close to a populated city, ignoring the assessed risk inherent in the chemicals being manufactured, and jeopardizing the
environment and population of Bhopal. This is not to say that the Union Carbide and its subsidiary were blameless, however the Government of
India's lack of responsibility for its citizens can be proved when they underrepresented the victims in the UCC's settlement actions in 1989. Due to these
reasons, I will argue in the following paragraphs that the Government of India has more responsibility than Union Carbide in not only the tragedy but
also for

Challenging Disaster Administration : Toward Community...
The scope of this paper is "Challenging Disaster Administration: Toward Community–Based Disaster Resilience" article by Liza Ireni–Saban published
in 2012.
In the past, disaster management was an area of undeveloped process from a community level. In fact, disaster's consequences go beyond losing lives
and properties damages. Therefore, the article illustrated different models of managing disaster process of a community based level and provide some
guidelines that would help to diverse the consequences on families and communities life, health and stress toward any emergency or risk. (Ireni, 2012).
The previous studies focused on governments and public administrators' drawbacks on the policies of disaster management, these barriers could
prevent effected member of a community to improve their lifestyle of the understanding of disaster management. Ireni's article focused on the
resilience approach to community–based disaster management, which highlighted the needs to build a community's capacities effectively and equitably
to deal with disasters by targeting on the communities' connection with each other, the exchange of understanding, and the common interests to gain
control over their environment (Ireni, 2012). The Community–based disaster management resilience model took a central role in media coverage as the
Japanese community resilience. The media has a major effect on citizens to learn about disasters, so the growing concern on this problem increased
which affected

Throughout history, there has been many close calls with natural disasters, such as hurricanes, twisters, and earthquakes. For this reason alone, many
organizations today realize the importance to design or perhaps review their disaster plans. These plans should include detailed documentation to
counteract the interruption or destruction of technology used in the facility. One perfect example, would be in the healthcare industry.
In the last couple of years, hospitals have been transitioning from old standard files to electronic medical records. Due to this new technology, medical
staff has the ability to view medical records, order medication and lab tests, and view the results of those tests. Consequently, key personnel has to be
assigned and involved in the development of disaster recovery regulations, safety precautions, and other critical services. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The benefits that come from this document, is its ability to provide a guidance for responding to a number of possible problems, such as bad weather,
hacking of digital information, interruption of third party services, etc. Consequently, this framework will help organizations prevent huge financial
losses, sensitive data, and other important assets (Martin, B. 2002).
There are no limits to who or the specification of how many individuals should be involved in the creation of a disaster recovery plan. From IT
personnel to managers, or people who belong to certain departments who perhaps play an important role in decision making. The idea of a
continuity plan is to touch or address every aspect of possible losses, and solutions. However, in order to be precise in the development of these
plans, it is recommended to have these people assigned to a disaster recovery team (Myers, K.

Manmade Disasters and Insurance Coverage
The problem at hand is the mitigation of man–made disasters, and the lessening affect on humanity by natural disasters. Many man–made disasters are
instigated by a natural disaster that a population is well aware of, yet they choose to ignore the risk because they are not personally involved or think it
will not happen to them. Up to now the alternatives have basically focused on remediation by the government after the fact. Somehow we have come to
believe that if we build our house on a sandbar that the government will make us whole when the hurricane washes it into the ocean. This is faulty on
so many levels. Government responsibility is an oxymoron in itself. In an article by James Payne, he cites numerous incidents of the government being
irresponsible and actually causing more damage to the environment and populations because of mismanagement and poor oversight (James, 2010).
There is an inherent conflict of interest in hoping that your government will protect you since the government requires funding and that funding can be
hampered by restricting business and construction. Your life and property becomes arisk the government is willing to take in exchange for
development and taxes. Insurance companies provide another alternative to this problem but they too are hindered by governmental regulations
intended to "help" people. Once again governmental agencies have infringed on the private enterprise ability to resolve a problem. Left to their own
devices insurance

Disaster Recovery
Media Madness
Disaster Recovery Plan Overview
By
Loki Consulting, Inc.
Iris Morgan
Heather German
Gwen Northrup
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Loki Consulting, Inc. was established in 1997 as a result of Hurricane Fran. Many businesses were devastated by the storm due to the absence of a
disaster recovery plan. Realizing the need for disaster recovery consultation, Loki Consulting, Inc. was created to provide businesses with expert
knowledge on implementing a critical component of any organization large or small. Loki Consulting, Inc. has more than 20 years of experience in
implementing effective and successful disaster recovery plans.
Media Madness was established in the early 90 's as an on–line media store supplying learning ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to the project analysis, a secondary deliverable is developing the recovery strategy. This entails minimizing interruptions to normal
operations and prioritizing system restoration. Implementing standard back–up procedures are recommended up to and including alternate storage
facilities. (German).
Once all pertinent information is gathered the project team should then begin documenting planned steps and developing their testing strategy. All
Disaster Recovery Plans should be documented, printed and bound in hard copies. These copies should be stored in multiple locations and in the
possession of key personnel (i.e. homes and secured offices). (German). The next phase would be developing the testing scenarios and implementing
mock drills. A DR Plan that is not continuously refined and validated is almost worthless. In order to maximize the chance for success in the event of
a real disaster it is essential that the DR Plan be executed on a regular basis. Specific recovery procedures should generally be tested in–house on a
more frequent basis. In addition, staff should be rotated as much as possible, thus providing a more comprehensive test of the process and the plan,

and providing trained resources in the event they are ever needed. In order to adequately prepare for the mock drills, Media Madness should practice
several disaster recovery scenarios, including power outages, network

The Importance Of Artificial Disasters
Natural and artificial disasters have always posed a threat to the development of countries across the world. In that regard, different governments have
already established strategies that can be implemented to deal effectively with the disasters, which occur. It has been observed that the developing
countries are slightly behind than the developed ones regarding dealing effectively with the disasters that occur abruptly. When adisaster occurs, the
priority is to reduce the vulnerability of people to hazards such as terror attacks and natural disasters. Therefore, to save human lives and also reduce
property damage, in the long run, disaster analysis is a very important part in disaster management. In a given society, disasters can ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Human activity such as deforestation has led to global warming. Due to the event, there has been significant changes weather to extreme conditions.
Extreme weather has adverse effects on the functional and structural infrastructure that the community depends on. For this reason, steps should be
taken to mitigate these disasters from occurring and even during management and recovery efforts. The other disaster theory relates to the entire body
of knowledge and human behavior. That encompasses many areas to include physical and emotional activities and there are many different sources that
require further exploration such as, The United States has experienced high population growth rates, developments of tall buildings, rise in competition
for the use of the available natural resource; all these factors have been some of the human activities that have contributed to the increase in risk of
natural calamities. It has been observed that in the regions where there is an often–high population it difficult to respond to any disaster when it occurs,
and as a result they are often affected with increase casualties. In any community, the social consequences as a result of the natural and the man–made
disasters are larger than the physical effects, but the primary damage includes the destruction of buildings and roads while the secondary damages are
the social damages such as deaths, and also leaving individuals

Disaster Recovery
Disaster recovery plans allows and gives the opportunity to a business to be able to recoup from any number of disasters, whether it may be a
natural disaster or a fault of equipment to include power loss. These plans can be fairly basic with a goal and summary of what is to happen in the
event of a disaster, to intensely involved and well spelled out plans that break down the summary, personal, intent, goal, and a timeline of events to
follow. While disasters are unforeseen events that a business may never see or have to implement their plan, it allows them to be setup for success if
it were to happen and not be doomed for failure in hopes of it not being a possibility.
For this report, contact was made with Richmond County in Augusta ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike other companies that offer individual technology services, Sungard AS is focused on providing responsive and integrateddisaster recovery,
managed IT services, IT consulting and business continuity management software solutions, to help organizations keep people and information
connected (Sungard AS, 2015).
Sungard AS has established a template for businesses to implement their own disaster recovery plans. According to their statistics it allows others to
achieve a great deal of implementation, "80% of the way there by taking an existing disaster recovery plan template and customizing it to your
specific situation" (Sungard AS, 2015). They also allow more specific and full execution of disaster plans if desired as well. They state that a
well–executed plan has an introduction to relay the purpose and objective, a summary of tasks and timeline, and also critical vendors and equipment
requirements.
An example of a timeline has been included in a template created by Sungard AS. This has broken down hour by hour from incident detection (hour
0), to activating personal and recovery team, restoring network and SAN for backups and VMs, to validating data integrity and resuming operations
(Sungard AS, 2015). Some of these and other steps may be admissible if a cold/hot/mirrored site are used as

Hindenburg Disaster Essay
In just 34 seconds, the lives of 36 people were lost on May 6, 1937. The airship had over 97 seven people aboard the when it burst into a ball of
flames(The). Many people have theories as to why the airship went down. Some say two of the four engines failed to maintain power. Others argue
back that a hydrogen leak was the culprit.(Found) Some even say that static electricity could have played a role in this tragedy. Despite the fact that
the Hindenburg went up in flames, it is still considered the largest airship ever built and has impacted the way we use transportation by air today.
(The) The demand for faster transportation was the main inspiration for building the Hindenburg. German Nazis used the airship as their main
transportation. They also planned to use the airship to blast political music from the speakers and drop political flyers over cities. The German Nazis
did this for a while, but soon opened up the airship to the public in March 1936 (Found). Although they opened up the Hindenburg to the public most
people could not afford this new way... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
History.com). Air travel was popular for quite a few years before theHindenburg disaster. Air travel came to an abrupt stop for many years after the
airship went down. Airship accidents were not exactly foreign, but the disaster of the Hindenburg seemed to have a deeper effect on people (Found).
The disaster caused Germany to ground their hydrogen filled airships after the crash. Within the next ten years, the airplane was put into use. Since
the crash of the Hindenburg, engineers have been able to create more economic and safe planes. While airships may not be popular in today's time the
disaster of the Hindenburg has taught aviation officials many techniques on how to create a reliable and safe way by which people can travel by air
today.

The Hillsborough Disaster
Example 1 : Hillsborough Disaster Often regarded as one of the worst sporting disasters ever in the UK, and one of the worst in European football.
This disaster involved 96 Liverpool and Nottingham Forest fans being crushed (to death) at the Hillsborough Stadium during the 1988–89 FA Cup
semi–final. . The Hillsborough Independent Panel (Set up in 2012) report showed that the media was portraying certain aspects of the disaster
inaccurately and negatively portraying supporters of Liverpool FC. After the disaster, several newspapers that covered the disaster published various
inflammatory comments regarding the disaster. Source: http://www.thisisnottingham.co.uk/Hillsborough–disaster–facts/story–16886266–detail
/story.html http://hillsborough.independent.gov.uk/report/main–section/part–2/chapter–12/page–1/... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The quantity of reports identified with service organizations about multiplied somewhere around 2012 and 2013, as did those concerning sustenance
and beverage associations and expert administrations. Stories identified with travel/tourism/recreation more than trebled between the two years, and
those including development organizations quadrupled (from one in 2012 to four in 2013). On the other hand 100% of the news things with respect to
the promoting segment (every one of the seven) happened in 2012, both the vehicle business and resistance/security organizations were included in
around 33% of the measure of stories in 2013 when contrasted with 2012, and the quantity of news stories including the extractive division split from
2012 to 2013. Taking a gander at the moral issues, treatment of partners, store network/acquirement, segregation, and item wellbeing all multiplied in
event in 2013. Stories charging profiteering more than trebled. Then again, in 2013, there were just a third the same number of stories including
corporate administration slips, insider exchanging, openness with data/convenient revelations, and tax evasion contrasted with 2012. Official
compensation, reasonable rivalry, and shriek exploding/Speak stories all

Disaster Recovery
A disaster recovery plan is a complete and detailed statement of proper actions that have to be taken before, during and after a
disaster.(Wold,2006).During a disaster recovery for small business , assets inventory is very important for the business continuity plan. Assets include
software and hardware set up that is required in for a corporate environment. Best practice is for any organization to test the recovery plan at least
once a year which will uncover problems, errors and resolve any issues before an actual recovery process is encountered.(Martin,2002).It will also
educate all the staff in managing disaster recovery situations and depending on these observations they can be classified as tier 1, tier 2 and tier 3
assets.Assets are the recovery resources which include hardware, software, data and people.The hardware assets are physical components of a
computer which help the software run like servers ,routers ,PCs ,cables,backup tape drive , modems , fax machines ,phone system ,printers , scanners
and LAN setup , surge protectors , UPS and switches .(Martin,2002) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Tier 2 are the ones which can wait for some time and the output devices which help in broadcasting the information and data.Tier 2 includes the
replicated data and hot or warm standby environments in the alternate

The Deepwater Horizon Disaster
Decisions The Deepwater Horizon Disaster brought to the surface many poor decisions made by Transocean LTD and British Petroleum (BP). This
disaster claimed eleven lives and devastated several ecosystems; taking years to rebuild. The garbage can model played a part in making the faulty
decision of the Deepwater Horizon Disaster. This decision–making process is influenced by four variables: problems, solutions, participants, and choice
opportunities. The garbage can model of decision making assumes that decision making does not follow an orderly series of steps. Attractive solutions
can get matched up with whatever handy problems exist at a given point in time or people get assigned to projects because their workload is low at the
moment (Kreitner

The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
Marine Life Fukushima was the second worst nuclear disaster in the history of the world. Contamination can spread through air, dust, trash, wildlife,
and of course water. TEPCO reported that around 300 tons of contaminated water had leaked in to the ocean. By April 15, 2011 radiation levels were
6500 times the legal limit. Cod and pollock are important because of their global demand. Cod has tested positive for radiation contamination more
than once since the disaster, not only in the Fukushima area, but in many other areas too. 70% of domestic product comes from the Pacific Ocean.
This has led to a lot of negative information circulating through Japanese society and a shortage of positive information (or at least an indifference to
it). Negative... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After three month the majority of the radiation had actually disappeared. However, the half–life of cesium 137 is 30 years. This leads to the question
of what is the long–term impact of this disaster. These contaminates exists inside berries roots and small animals, all of which are the diet of Japanese
boars. In recent years the boar population left unchecked has increased 330 percent. During this time the boars have cause an estimated ВЈ620,000 of
damage. Normally the meat of Japanese boars is high in protein and the healthiest of the red meets. The same cannot be said for these boars now
heavily contaminated due to their choice of food. Tests carried out have found the meat of these boars to be 300 times the radiation limit for human
consumption. hunters have been dispatched over fear of boar attacks and acts of aggression. Overflowing mass graves now litter the Fukushima
prefecture. Scientists are too hasty to label a people ignorant for not accepting their finding when strong stigmas and legitimate threats

Cert Disaster Response Paper
"CERT educates individuals about disaster preparedness for hazards that may impact their area and trains them in basic disaster response skills, such
as fire safety, light search and rescue, team organization, and disaster medical operations." (2016). There are ten regions for all the states. Tennessee
being in region four, along with Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North and South Carolina. The goal and priorities for CERT is to be able to
assist the general public, and the first responders with any type of disaster or hazard. Whether it be domestic, or terror. "FEMA's mission is to support
our citizens and first responders to ensure that as a nation we work together to build, sustain and improve our capability to prepare for, protect ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By these members going through training, that gives me some type of relief. Something that was spoken daily in our police academy that I find to be
fitting for this is, when you least expect it, expect it. Natural disasters are something know really expects to happen until happens. By having these
contingency plans in place, and being able to have a group of people ready to go at a phone call should make their communities feel better.
Something that I did not think about was the size of the communities. Bigger cities will have more first responders, but also more area cover. What
about smaller communities? The amount of first responders will be lower, and with that comes training for some unlikely candidates. Teenagers.
High Schools now are beginning to show high schoolers what to do during certain situations, while waiting for first responders. Once again, I find
this to be a great thing. The great thing about involving the youth is that it teaches something that can use for the rest of their lives and continue
to improve on using. For those that decide to go to the military, become a first responder, or even a cadet in a police department, will give them a
little bit of an idea what is expected to happen in that line of work. Being prepared always is the plus side. Which is was CERT is for. Always
ready to go, and they do so swiftly and smoothly. The response out here for the train derailment was quick, not to mention they worked along side the
first responders, police officers, and the military. So they are always continuing to improve and gain more and more experience. I know that for a fact
that the military has a lot to offer when it comes to training for disasters, and hazardous

Disaster : The Causes And Effects Of Natural Disasters
What are natural disasters? Natural disasters are defined as any disastrous event caused by nature or the natural movements of the earth, itself.
How severe a disaster is is determined by how bad a loss the economy has suffered, how many lives were lost, and whether or not it will be possible to
rebuild the city/town and population effected. If one of these natural disasters were to happen in an area of the world that is not populated, for
example, a wildfire on some island that nobody has ever lived on, it would not be labeled a disaster, but if it happened in area where people live it is
considered a natural disaster. Every natural disaster causes damage in some kind of way whether it be extremely devastating or not. "Natural disasters ...
The Donovan family are friends of mine, and were living in Tennessee when that fire swept through and destroyed many homes. Their home was
one of the ones destroyed, and they lost everything, clothes, pictures, books, and every memory shared in that house. For a while they lived in a
hotel, but they are now slowly beginning to recover. As life goes on, the natural disasters that we face are only becoming worse and more frequent,
and many Christians, including myself, believe that this is because the end is near, and God is getting ready to return and take His children
home. "If it seems like disasters are getting more common, it's because they are...Floods and storms have led to most of the excess damage. The
number of flood and storm disasters has gone up 7.4% every year in recent decades, according to the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of
Disasters. (Between 2000 and 2007, the growth was even faster, with an average annual rate of increase of 8.4%.) Of the total 197 million people
affected by disasters in 2007, 164 million were affected by floods," (Ripley n.p.) . When natural disasters, hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, hit heavier
populated areas more lives are lost and the human population decreases. There are many places, however, that are well prepared for the impact of
these events because of

The Effects Of Natural Disasters
Believe it or not, there are certain parts of the country where natural disasters are just apart of the day–to–day activity. In other words, it's something
residents are familiar with. On the contrary, natural disasters are events that can cause other residents to experience traumatic stress according to the
Ohio University. Throughout the West Coast, for example, there are earthquakes. The East and Gulf coast, on the other hand, experience hurricanes.
Then throughout the heartland of our country, there are those violent rotating columns of air we call tornados that rip homes to pieces in a matter of
minutes.
Although these are just a few of disasters, the reality is a disaster like floods, wildfires, winter storms, and hail can happen at any time. So, with this in
mind and given how unpredictable mother nature is, it's always a good idea to take steps toward reducing your risk of injury by protecting your home.
In return, you and your family will be safer, and your home will be ready to withstand the fight against those harsh weather conditions. Here are some
steps to get started:
Create a Digital Cloud: When the time comes to evacuate your home, there's a good chance you might forget your computer along with your portable
hard drive, which means the pictures you've captured over the years could never be seen again. To make matter worse, those important documents are
also at risk of never being seen again – depending on the disaster. One way to ensure that you don't risk

The Causes Of Natural Disasters
Three people during a dangerous hurricane try to stay alive, and one person walks to the bathroom. While he is walking to the bathroom a window
breaks and a piece of glass cuts him in the neck. They can not call the ambulance because of the hurricane. He later dies in her own home from blood
loss. (bleeding to death)I wanted to research on this natural disasters because I want to help make the world safe and its life in the world. I care about
the destruction of these natural disasters. There can be a building that is one billion dollars that is just built, then it was destroyed during a tornado or
hurricane.The main point or question i'm overall trying to cover is that why don't we try to stop or predict and help fight the disasters in the world.
We can help in a lot of ways to help stop many things from dying or the destruction it causes.I think I can, I will stop this by telling the world that we
can help prevent these natural disasters by helping each other to help predict and someday prevent them.
There are many reasons to help prevent or stop these natural disasters. These solutions are available because of the fact that we have a lot more people
than we need to help prevent or stop these natural disasters. These solutions include building, donating, and in general stop doing stuff that is
dangerous during a natural disaster.One of these is building dams or walls to prevent tsunamis if the wall is big and strong to prevent from these natural
disasters from hitting.

Disaster Recovery Analysis
Devising a disaster recovery plan for your system is a big undertaking, there is a lot of information analyze and options to consider. It is important for
any plan to start with the basics and keep adding more options to the plan over time so that it will become stronger and more reliable. To start off this
plan the user must define what is important to keep the business running such as email and application access, database back–up, computer equipment
or how quickly the company reacts to a post–disaster and is back up and running. There are other key plan components to consider is who within the
company announces the disaster, how are the employees going to be informed that a disaster has occurred within the company and how fast can they
be told to try and fix the disaster as quick as possible, and how the communication with customers to tell them ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In 2007 a survey of more than 500 senior IT professionals show that 89% of companies have tested their disaster recovery only once a year or not at all.
This would have left their business vulnerable to potentially massive technology and business failures when a disaster occurs. An under–tested plan can
often be useless to everyone, than having no plan at all, this is because they would have spent money on a plan that would give the company a
reassurance in the event of a disaster and it could leave the company in a crises that the plan may not work and would be a disaster for the company.
The main point of the disaster recovery plan is to be as effective in emergency, it can only be assessed if many test's are carried out more than once or
twice per year to suit the realistic conditions of the circumstances that would be valid in the event of an actual emergency. Testing phase, is important
so the plan must have important conformation of the activities to make sure the plan stand's up to most disruptive events that could

Domestic Disaster Assistance
Domestic Disaster Assistance Versus International Assistance
Numerous definitions of disasters exist with differing criteria such as the number of fatalities or amount of property damage. This author defines
disasters in the following manner. Within a country a disaster occurs when its magnitude overwhelms the ability of the local resources to adequately
respond the to victims. For international disasters, the magnitude must overwhelm the ability of the entire country to adequately respond to the victims.
The philosophy, mission, and purpose for domestic disaster assistance shall now be compared and contrasted with international disaster assistance. The
domestic disaster assistance philosophy focuses on activities within the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both of these areas advocate saving lives, meeting the needs of the disaster victims, and engaging in preparedness activities. The primary difference
between international and domestic assistance lies in their respective philosophy. The domestic philosophy focuses inward, involves a whole
community approach, and addresses property protection. The international philosophy, however, focuses on the numerous international actors and
advances safeguards for the host county. In the final analysis, everyone would agree that the goal of saving lives is paramount.
Works Cited
Fagel, M. J. (2014). Crisis Management and Emergency Planning. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press.
FEMA. (2011, September). Download the National Preparedness Goal – PFD. Retrieved February 19, 2016, from fema.gov: www.fema.gov/pdf
/prepared/npg.pdf
National Response Framework. (2013). Retrieved February 21, 2016, from fema.gov: https://www.fema.gov/national–response–framework
Obama, B. (2011, March 30). Presidential Policy Directive 8 – National Preparedness. Retrieved February 19, 2016, from dhs.gov: http://www.dhs.gov
/presidential–policy–directive–8–national–preparedness
United Nations UNDAC Field Handbook. (2013). Retrieved February 20, 2016, from United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs:

The Chernobyl Disaster
Progress often drives society toward betterment as a whole and its importance is often emphasized by those who wish to improve the lives of
everyday citizens. However, the pursuit of progress can and has had negative consequences, and some of those byproducts have devastated and
destroyed lives. A clear example of the dangers of progress is evident when one takes a retrospective glance at the Chernobyl nuclear plant disaster.
Gerd Ludwig, a photographer interested in documenting the remains of Chernobyl and the nearby city of Pripyat, magnificently captures the decaying
and empty remains of a school library. Once a center of education filled with the faces of children, the Chernobyl disaster resulted in the abandonment
of this building. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The absence of students in a place in which children once visited as a part of their daily lives also paints a bleak picture of the potential dangers of
progress, and this is evident in the image. This school library that was once regularly visited by children, teachers, and other individuals is now
uninhabitable due to the effects of the Chernobyl disaster. People are not present in the photograph, and judging by the deteriorating state in
which the school library exists, the building appears to have been abandoned for quite some time. Instead of housing children who are in the
pursuit of knowledge, this place that was once a center of education for the Ukrainian youth now only holds the weathered yellow pages of rotting
books and fallen bookshelves. In addition to being devoid of life, the objects of the library themselves depict a vacuum of human presence. For
instance, there a desk present in the photograph that is closer to the photographer than the bookcases, and this desk is deteriorating and buried in
books. This implies that the desk has not been used by a human being in a very long time, since a student would need to clear the desk of books in
order to easily make use of it. Likewise, the layers of books littering the ground also suggest that the building is abandoned for a lengthy period of time,

The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster
Disasters come in many shapes and sizes. While many are unavoidable, such as natural disasters, disasters with a largely human element can be
prevented. While disasters often seem unpredictable, the clues are often there in front of us so long as we have the ability to recognize them and the
ability to do something about them. This analysis explores the advantage an ergonomic approach provides in uncovering these clues and how that
approach can provide creative solutions that benefit both the individual component and overall system function symbiotically.
To illustrate these points this exploration utilizes the context of the Hillsborough stadium disaster. This disaster involved the crushing deaths of 96
individuals at a football game at Hillsborough stadium in 1989 (Taylor, 1989). There are many easily identifiable factors that contributed to this disaster
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both of these characteristics fall under the guise of an emergent property of a system. An emergent property is defined as "... conjoint actions [that]
cannot be characterised by the sum of any individual causes" (Johnson, 2006). An alternative way to understand emergent properties is that they are
properties that would not exist in singularity, but only exist when in the right context, interacting with one or multiple elements of the system.
An emergent property to the Hillsborough system is a basic as a crowd. A crowd does not exist on its own, but rather comes to exist when it is
comprised of many types of stakeholders (spectators, stewards, police, and more) in the context of a specific space (the stadium). An ergonomist is
clearly not required to identify a crowd as being a component of the system, but an ergonomic approach can reveal the properties of that crowd and
how it impacts the

Causes Of Natural Disasters
Three people during a dangerous hurricane try to stay alive, and one person walks to the bathroom. While he is walking to the bathroom a window
break and a piece of glass cuts him in the neck. They cannot call the ambulance because of the hurricane. He later dies in her own home from blood
loss. (bleeding to death)I wanted to research on this natural disasters because I want to help make the world safe and its life in the world. I care about
the destruction of these natural disasters. There can be a building that is one billion dollars that is just built, then it was destroyed during a tornado or
hurricane.The main point or question i'm overall trying to cover is that why don't we try to stop or predict and help fight the disasters in the world.
We can help in a lot of ways to help stop many things from dying or the destruction it causes.I think I can stop this by telling the world that we can
help prevent these natural disasters by helping each other to help predict and someday prevent them.
The problems of these natural disasters can be tough to solve, such as buildings of a city destroyed from a dangerous tornado.These are very
important problems, one of these problems are these natural disasters can cause 963 billion dollars of damage yearly.They cause a lot of damage
because of their

The Disaster Of The Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster

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