How Corruption Has Proven Detrimental Effect On Business...

How Corruption Has Proven Detrimental Effect On Business...
While exchange based politics has existed in some form or another in most democracies for
hundreds of years, this abuse of asymmetrical information is much more flagrant in Brazil. This
abuse of power stems from two factors. The first being that the average voter cannot always monitor
their representative, the second being that the interests of the politicians and the voters don't always
coincide (PubAuditsOutomce, 2).
In accordance to the Bologna and Ross (Corruption entrepreneurship) study, the effects of
corruption on the number of establishments in any given municipality have proven to be negative
and statistically significant. Over time, corruption has proven to be detrimental to business and
economic growth and has long lasting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Strong institutions at the municipal level have proved to have the strongest business growth.
In addition to the lack of business growth is the lack of investment caused by corruption. It has been
determined that "corruption is strongly negatively associated with the investment rate, regardless of
the amount of red tape" (Mauro, P. 1995. "Corruption and Growth." The Quarterly Journal of
Economics 110: 681–712). This only further proves the point that adding corruption to an inefficient
bureaucracy only makes the economic situation worse. Mauro further claims that "there is evidence
that institutional inefficiency causes low investment." Thusly, Brazil's unintentional combination of
corruption and bureaucratic pathologies can significantly reduce investment. While it's simple to
measure the amount of money misappropriated by the government though the use of audits, it's
much more difficult to determine precisely the investment potential that was lost due to corruption.
Since the impeachment of Collor, eighty seven percent of private firms "indicated that bribes and
nepotism are frequent in government procurement" ((Abramo 2004). Additionally, sixty two percent
of private firms surveyed indicated that they were solicited for bribes when submitting bids for
public works (Kroll and Transparencia Brasil, 8). Similar results indicate that bribes were also
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Fdi Of Foreign Investment Law Essay
FDI Institutional Change in Indonesia
The strong growth of total global FDI has increased the need of FDI as a source of external
financing to contribute in host country's economic development. This condition encourages many
countries to perform institutional reform in order to attract larger shares of FDI flows. From the
perspective of investors, they are more concern on the host country's institutional quality when
determining their investment location (Ali et al 2010). Therefore, institutions are essential
determinant of host country's locational advantage to entice FDI (Bevan et al 2004).
Capital account liberalization process in Indonesia started under Soeharto's New Order presidency
which was remarked by the introduction of Foreign Investment Law in 1967. Prior the issuance of
this law, under President Soekarno regime (1945–1967), the government initiated self–sufficiency
policy and Indonesia was administered as a socialist economy. In Soekarno era, investors from
western countries were strictly restricted to invest in Indonesia (Fitriandi et al 2014, p.81). As a
consequence, Indonesia was not an attractive place for foreign investors (Lindblad 2015, p.221).
The absence of rule of law concerning foreign direct investment in the period of 1945–1967 has
made investment environment in Indonesia became uncertain and had high business risks which
were unfavourable for businesses. The business parties were became unconfident and faced
uncertain and unpredictable of

Effects of Trade Restrictions
Trade restrictions are an excellent example of government introduced sources of rents. The
importation of goods becomes custom to tighter immigration restrictions. The licences required for
importing the goods become more valuable, leading to corruption between importers and officials.
Trade restrictions are often done to protect an industry from foreign competition. With this prices
can be artificially inflated creating a semi–monopoly for the local industry. Local manufactures will
feel a high from the boom in the industry and may bribe influential politicians to keep the monopoly
going. 'Studies have indicated that country's which have open economies are linked to lower
corruption rates.' (Mauro, 1997)
An example of trade restrictions is the Hainan Island Vehicle binge in 1984. A 260% import duty
was imposed across china which was to reduce the number of imported automobiles entering the
country. The Island of Hainan was exempt from the import duty in an effort to boost development.
Eric Harwit states that 'unfortunately, Hainan officials took advantage of the lenient rule to import
tens of thousands of cars and other vehicles, mostly from japan and resold the automobiles at
premiums of three to five times the purchase cost to other mainland provinces.' (Harwit)
Government subsidies can constitute a source of rents. A perfect example of a current issue would
be the privation of the UKs railway industry in 1996. Since the privatatation the government has
invested more

International Monetary Fund ( Imf ), World Trade...
Belgium, Dominican Republic, and Israel are members of the International Monetary Fund (IMF),
World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Bank. These organizations in their own right are trying
to improve the economy by facilitating internationals trading (IMF) , reducing poverty around the
world (IMF), ensuring that trading flows smoothly and freely (WTO) and providing financial advice
to assist in economic advancement (World Bank). Countries that are members of the IMF, WTO and
World Bank, in my opinion believe that working together , following the organizations guidelines,
can improve the economy. Belgium works with other international and regional organizations, to
encourage economic cooperation and assistance to developing countries. Belgium is a key provider
of humanitarian, reconstruction, and development assistance in Africa, Afghanistan, and Syria.
Belgium is also the host country of the European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) and plays an important role in discussions between European foreign
ministers and the Secretary of State.
Dominican Republic, along with the United States as well as other Central American countries are
part of the Dominican Republic–Central America–United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA–
DR). This agreement creates economic opportunities by eliminating tariffs, opening markets and
reducing barriers. It facilitates trade and investment among these countries and furthers regional
integration. Israel and the

The Role Of Organized Crime In Mexico
President of Mexico recognized that the "War on Drugs" has brought a dramatic intensification in
violence and human rights affectations; therefore, According to Amnesty International UK,
Mexico's Government since 2006 have been used the armed forces in the fight against organized
crime, resulting in an estimated of 100,000 people dead and more than 22,000 missing. The
employment of armed forces in the fight against organized crime and political situation there are
some of the factors that have increased violence in Mexico, because the political situation in Mexico
can create a climate that the organized crime use as an opportunity to increase the violence. In
addition, Mexico must take a stand to face the problem, the armed forces must continue ... Show
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The cartels use torture to intimidate adversaries. As the government of Mexico increases the
pressure, organized crime continues to magnify its operations in somewhat business to brand
currency, for this reason made kidnapping, extortion, human trafficking, and kidnapping.
Surprisingly, kingpins like "Chapo" Guzman have certain sectors of the population who support
them and follow them, as Badiraguato, Sinaloa. In fact, organized crime had infiltrate people in
politics like "Lucero Guadalupe Sanchez Lopez. The Congress approved removes the jurisdiction of
local deputy in Sinaloa and open the doors to the attorney to act against it because of its links with
Joaquin Guzman Loera." In other words, Corruption is one of the main problems affecting the
population in Mexico; therefore, the government established measures against this

The Global Issue Of South Africa
Engagement Summary
The Global Issue in South Africa
Corruption has overrun all aspects of South African culture since the early 1900's. The government,
the police force, and all of the citizens commit acts of corruption on an everyday basis in order to
secure contracts, grants, and in order to earn more money. From a business standpoint, as
government contracts are given to certain businesses with connections, many other legitimate
businesses are driven out of the market, often leading to less than ideal goods. Prices have
significantly inflated, as the contracts are not necessarily given to the lowest bidder, which has
caused a very chaotic currency in South Africa
The Approach
After receiving our assignment, our team focused on five main areas that deal with business
corruption in South Africa. We split up into teams of two and each team got to choose their area of
focus which include: the history of South Africa in regards to business, demographics, and politics,
general corruption in business in the world and in South Africa, specific corruption of the South
African government and corruption with contracts, business corruption in the form of bribery, and
historical events concerning corruption in South Africa.
Our consulting firm will address the corruption in South Africa by first giving a general overview of
corruption in South Africa and the specific types of corruption that are involved in building a road–
the objective of our executives. In the seminar the

The During World War II
During World War II, Singapore was conquered and occupied by the Japanese Empire from 1942 to
1945. British Military Administration was formed to govern the island until March 1946. Much of
the infrastructure had been destroyed during the war, including electricity and water supply systems,
telephone services, as well as the harbor facilities at the Port of Singapore. There was also a
shortage of food leading to malnutrition, disease, and rampant crime and violence. High food prices,
unemployment, and workers ' discontent culminated into a series of strikes in 1947 causing massive
stoppages in public transport and other services. By late 1947, the economy began to recover,
facilitated by a growing demand for tin and rubber around the ... Show more content on
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(Abshire, 2011) When the war ended, Singapore reverted to British control, with increasing levels of
self–government being granted, culminating in Singapore 's merger with the Federation of Malaya
to form Malaysia in 1963. However, social unrest and disputes between Singapore 's ruling People 's
Action Party and Malaysia 's Alliance Party resulted in Singapore 's separation from Malaysia.
Singapore became an independent republic on 9 August 1965. Facing severe unemployment and a
housing crisis, Singapore embarked on a modernization program beginning in the late 1960s
through the 1970s that focused on establishing a manufacturing industry, developing large public
housing estates and investing heavily on public education. Since independence, Singapore 's
economy has grown by an average of nine percent each year. By the 1990s, the country had become
one of the world 's most prosperous nations, with a highly developed free market economy, strong
international trading links, and the highest per capita gross domestic product in Asia outside of
Japan. The first legislative council was in place from 1948–1951 with the first Singaporean election
held in March 1948. Only 6 of the 25 seats on the legislative council were to be elected, the other
members of the council were chosen either by the Governor or by the Chambers of Commerce.
Three months after the elections, an armed insurgency by

Essay On Odebrecht Scandals
Is not a surprise that society relationship with business continues to evolve over the decades,
expectation of business can vary depending on what interest groups advocate. With more access to
education, discussions emerge on whether there can be a solution to the problem. In society is
expected that everyone acts ethically according to the standards of societies (11), but when
corruption scandals erupts, demand for government action become prevalent. For Latin America
corruption is a significant issue that continues to be affect the region in major proportions.
According to The Economist corruption in the region has historic roots and continues to hold
ground; however there are signs of moderate change (The Economist). When The Odebrecht
scandal erupted for many it was the tip of the iceberg. Odebrecht is Latin Americas largest
construction conglomerate; many had praised the company for its outstanding business practices.
Unfortunately with emerging allegations that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Legal aspect Odebrecht did not meet legal requirements; the company bribed government
officials in order to obtain construction contracts. Although the company has collaborated with the
authorities, many people that had been persecuted obtain plea bargains and now are free or under
house arrest. For the ethical level of corporate social responsibility Odebrecht clearly has
questionable practices, a former executive confess to donating to funds to presidential campaigns in
Brazil wish he declare was illegal (Gallas). They undermined government institution to favor their
own interest. For the Philanthropic component Odebrecht was recognize internally as a company
with good internal culture seems they provided training programs for their employer, rewarded
merits between other

Mexico's Corruption In The US
Fairly recently, the news was buzzing with reports of "El Chapo", Mexican drug lord, escaping from
his cell at a high–security prison in Mexico through a mile–long tunnel. However, according to
CNN analysts, rather than the tunnel, it was corruption that ultimately set him free (Shoichet).
Government corruption has been a serious issue for Mexico since colonial times and without a
proper solution, it won't be getting better anytime soon. This widespread corruption affects the
entire country of Mexico, and to some degree, the countries that frequently interact with Mexico
such as the United States. It is an important issue because it has a major effect on Mexico's economy
and political progress. Corruption began in Mexico during Spanish rule; ... Show more content on
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This will lead to progressively more violence and poverty. In order to stop corruption, the people of
Mexico have to want to work to stop it as well rather than just accepting it (Jones). In order to get
the masses in support of ending corruption, more awareness needs to be spread about the negative
causes of corruption. In Monterrey, Mexico, a bus called the "Corruptour" offers tours of corruption
in Mexico (Agren). Using unique systems like this could be a key part in spreading information
about corruption when the common media is closed–off. However, while sharing knowledge can be
a big advantage in the battle against corruption, it likely won't solve everything. A more forceful
way of combatting this would be to tighten border security for drugs coming into the U.S. and guns
going into Mexico. If this traffic can be successfully diminished, the cartels won't get profit and will
lose power. The legalization of some drugs, such as marijuana, could also assure that the cartels'
don't make money but this solution comes with its own side–effects. Mexico's corruption issue is a
widespread and long–lasting problem but with cooperation and the right ideas, it can eventually be

1. Who are the country’s main competitors and how is it...
1. Who are the country's main competitors and how is it positioned relative to these main
competitors?
FDI inflows, by region and economy, 2012 (Latin American and the Caribbean) Country FDI in
2012 (Millions of dollars)
1. Brazil 65 271.85165
2. British Virgin Islands 64 895.73812
3. Chile 30 323.047
4. Colombia 15 822.93615
5. Argentina 12 551.11934
6. Peru 12 239.67185
7. Cayman Islands 4234.45103
8. Dominican Republic 3609.6
9. Venezuela 3216
Dominican Republic holds the 8th position in FDI inflows in the Latin America & Caribbean sector,
just above Venezuela, according to 2012 data provided by The World Bank . Due to the lack of
qualified labor force, high level of debts (including government debts), and the negative ... Show
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This shows potential that the economy is heading towards growth. According to the Global
Innovation Index 2013 , Dominican Republic's strengths count ecological sustainability, as in the
low amount of energy used per person and growth rate of GDP per worker. Also, there is a large
pool of local artisans that produce creative goods, which are often exported, bringing in profit for
the nation.
In contrast, Dominican Republic also has weaknesses such as the lack of funding into education,
contributing to the unemployment rate of 15% and the lack of qualified candidates on the job
market. Furthermore, the number of students in schools exceeds the number of teachers available
and universities in Dominican Republic are usually subject to low rankings compared to other
universities in the Latin Americas. Proper health care is also a disadvantage in Dominican Republic
and locals do not trust their own government, due to corruption. The Research and Development
sector rates poorly, leading to knowledge and technology outputs also being rated poor in the Global
Innovation Index. Finally, within the investment sector, the lack of venture capital deals, along with
low domestic credit to the private sector are counted as current weaknesses within the Dominican
Republic.

3. How does corruption manifest itself and how should it be dealt with?
While the Dominican government welcomes foreign investment, many problems can arise causing
problems and risks for

Government Corruption In Nigeria
Several factors contribute to a country's insecurity and decline of a country's inability to effectively
enact policies that benefit, protect and ensure the wellbeing of a country's citizens. Consequentially,
if a country fails to outline and properly address problems within its own domestic domain, it stands
to reason that the country has not successfully securitized the issue, which permits its sovereignty to
be threatened. For the focus of this argument, this paper will examine the ineffectual securitization
of governmental corruption in Nigeria through deliberate neglect of malpractices in government and
the implementation of poor policies and norms that pervade the system and create insecurity,
instability, threats and hinder the welfare of the populace. To begin this examination, an
understanding of the issue is necessary to receive a full appreciation of why Nigeria's failures in
securitizing the issue of corruption is important to the argument. This unsuccessful securitization is
possible because within government "corruption, while being tied particularly to the act of bribery,
is a general term covering misuse of authority as a result of considerations of personal gain, which
need not be monetary" (Bayley 720). Correspondingly, it is imperative for this overarching
argument to comprehend this concept because the quote allows for the conclusion that corruption
influences the root of decision making by enticing leaders and policy makers into acting in ways
that

Corruption Of The Saudi Arabia
Corruption in Saudi Arabia Referring to The Economic Times report "corruption in a civilized
society is a disease like cancer, which if not detected on time, is surely to spread its malignancy
among the polity of the country, leading to disastrous consequences" (Economic Times). Corruption
or what I like to call it "how to destroy a community" is the easier and faster way to kill a nation.
Unfortunately, corruption is widespread in Saudi Arabia, and an abundance of corrupt people takes
advantage of their positions to achieve personal goals. Perhaps the most important of these reasons
are earning money and having more power because of weak government regulators. This however,
has a negative result on various aspects of social life, economic, and politically in Saudi Arabia.
There are several reasons behind the emergence of the phenomenon of corruption and outbreaks in
communities. There are nearly unanimity on the fact that this phenomenon is negative behavior. One
of the reasons for people to turn towards to corruption is to make more finance, and others to engage
in corruption, dreaming of more strength. However, the main reason that allowed people to engage
in corruption and enjoy it is the weakness of government censorship. Corruption leads to the
demoralizing aspects of frustration and apathy. Also it will raise the negative spread between the
members of the community. Corruption also results into a lack of professionalism and the loss of the
value of

Iguala Mass Kidnapping Research Paper
The Iguala Mass Kidnapping took place on 26th September 2014 at approximately 9:30 pm. Forty–
three students from the Ayotzinapa Normal School, in the state of Guerrero were travelling on buses
to the city of Iguala (birth place of the Mexican national flag). The students were on the buses to
attend a political campaign meeting, held by the Mayor of Iguala's wife. She was trying to boost her
popularity for the upcoming elections. It is believed that the Mayor's wife ordered the local police
(that she had corruption ties with) to kidnap the students and later handed them over to the local
cartel. It is also believed that she had ties with the cartel. The students were attacked and kidnapped,
with no chance to escape. They had nothing to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cartel members from the area of Iguala area confessed to taking 43 student from the police, they
later killed all the student burned them in a fire that lasted 17 hours. The ashes were put in plastic
bags and dumped in a nearby river. The plastic bags were found a week later. It was released in a
press conference with the families of the missing students that the ashes in the bags did not test
positive to the ID's of the missing students. Yet again people took to the streets in protest for a
conclusion to the case and answers, people in Mexico City set fire and graffiti on the 150–year–old
presidential palace, they chanted "we are sick of state violence!" Protests all around the world even
started from New York to London around Mexican embassies. They called for the president to step
down, this gave a strengthened sense of anger for the treatment of the government towards the
people, the Mexican just want change. "Could the government being falling apart" is just one
example of questions that still remain with the Mexican public because the utter crime and
corruption has gone to

The Negative Effects Of Government Corruption
In 2016, the NYT surveyed approximately 2,000 people and of the 89 potential global fears the
survey asked about, the one that the highest share of Americans said they were afraid of was federal
government corruption. It was also the only fear that a majority of Americans said they shared. The
impacts of political corruption within the United States are vast, however, there are many citizens
and lawmakers that have suggested a solution to this problem. One solution that we find to be most
effective is to create transparency and openness in government spending. The more open and
transparent the process of government spending, the less opportunity it will provide for malpractice
and abuse. Paul Collier, professor of economics and public policy at the University of Oxford,
provides persuasive evidence on the negative impact of ineffective systems of budget control.
Countries where citizens are able to scrutinize government activities and debate about various
public policies also makes a difference. In this respect, press freedoms and levels of literacy will,
likewise, shape in important ways the context for reforms. A country that has an active civil society
and a culture of participation are important ingredients supporting various strategies aimed at
reducing corruption. Fun fact: New Zealand, which is consistently one of the top performers in
Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, is a pioneer in creating transparent
budget processes, having approved in

Shell Oil in Nigeria
Shell Oil in Nigeria
1. What are some of the factors explaining why corruption and bribery are so high in Nigeria?
Nigeria is considered to be one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Many different forms of
corruption are familiar to Nigeria including political corruption, bureaucratic corruption, electoral
corruption, embezzlement, and bribery. Corruption has even been said to be a viable enterprise in
Nigeria due to the involvement of citizens, government officials, and private corporations alike. Two
main factors help explain why corruption and bribery are so high in Nigeria, these factors include
Nigeria's complete dependence on the petroleum industry and profit–focused companies taking
advantage of a less developed, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It ignited world–wide protests and criticisms of the industry. Financially Shell was not burdened by
the lawsuit, but the light that was shed on what was going on would ultimately cause Shell increase
investment to the community. Today Shell makes efforts to contribute to small businesses and
education in Nigeria.
3. Was Shell taking advantage of weak local regulation?
Shell was taking advantage of weak local regulation and using third party companies to funnel
bribes to the Nigerian government. These bribes bought them many sources of preferential treatment
including using government manpower to move ships, rigs, workboats, and other equipment
throughout the country. Shell was also able to exploit the military and secured the use of military
aircraft for quick movement of special goods. Bribes also allowed Shell to circumvent visa
inspections and avoid having their employees deported for over–staying their visas. Many
precautions were taken to cook the books and hide these bribes in case of an audit. One such
precaution included drawing up fake invoices to create line items on the balance sheet to mask
certain bribes. All of these actions taken by Shell are clear examples of how they took advantage of
the weak government. A strong government with proper checks and balances would be much harder
to manipulate. Bribery and other forms of corruption would be treated harshly in order to deter

A Month And A Day By Ken Saro Wiwa
Environmental injustice is a crucial topic in Ken Saro Wiwa's novel, A month and a Day. Saro
Wiwa. This will be the text that will be closely read and analyzed. I will also be discussing the video
from Blackboard week 5, which is examined in Saro Wiwa's novel and his life story. In this novel,
Saro Wiwa discusses the harm that is occurring due to the oil exploration. The violent and corrupted
government allows this harm to the locals and the environment. Some locals even stand up to the oil
companies, and are paid to protect the oil barrels (Blackboard Video Week 5). Chevron and Shell are
the two oil companies that are entwined in the history written by Saro Wiwa. Corruption is
displayed in Saro Wiwa's Diary. "Corruption against the environment, Local corruption,
Government corruption, Since it began producing oil in earnest in 1956, Nigeria has become the
poster child for the environmental, social, and economic devastation that can be wrought by
unfettered fossil fuel production" (Watts 1). The author of A Month and A Day, Ken Saro Wiwa's
home town is Port Harcourt Nigeria (Britannica 1). He's a well–known and award winning writer.
He's an activist that stood up for human and environmental rights in his homeland. The local's way
of living is gaining an income from selling vegetables and fruits. However, since the government
gave full reign to the oil companies, oil pipes have been located all over the land. Oil spills are
common with the pipes. The oil spilled onto the

Lack Of Rule Of Law Enforcement Essay
"There is systemic corruption in Latin America." Corruption is rooted in the psyche of the South
American population, which affects the length of their democratic processes, making it easier and
shorter to bribe rather than commit to broken processes. Moreover, corruption affects the highest
levels of government. In order to face this problem, "Latin America has made significant progress in
combating poverty and inequality." The economic development of states in Latin America allows
them to benefit from the international trade but it is not enough to maintain economic stability
within states. Deviant globalization creates an opportunity for transnational criminal organizations
to benefit from different activities like drug trafficking, human trafficking. The Western Hemisphere
presents different problems unlike other regions of the world. Mainly Latin America is affected by
problems of corruption and drug trafficking. Weak states are the biggest challenge in Western
Hemisphere, because corruption in Latin America is one of the factor that creates lack of rule of law.
In addition, a weak economy and absence of adequate law enforcement creates a safe haven for
transnational criminal organization. Moreover, the region presents serious problems in the quality of
democracy regarding human rights, as well as illegal immigration. Globalization both affects weak
states positively and negatively. To respond to this challenge, states must cooperate to economically

Corruption in Government
Corruption in Leadership: Public Service and Government Cynthia Klecha Abstract Corruption
throughout the world is extensive. Corruption is defined as the twisting of integrity. A corrupt
individual is an opponent of the truth; their virtues and ethics are deficient. In the United States,
people in all positions of private district, public assistance, and government bureaus have been
entangled in varieties of corruption. Corruption crimes include bribes, insider trading, patronage,
embezzlement, electoral fraud, kickbacks, unholy alliances, conflicts of interest and several others.
Corruption is a weapon that demoralizes the credibility of public ... Show more content on
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This corruption affects the trust of the public and threatens the safety of the nation. Each act of
corruption from a public servant can have extenuating results reaching far beyond those initially
involved in the offense. Most officials who serve the public strive to enhance the lives of
Americans, but several make choices to go against the law because of unethical motives. These
reasons usually include assembling a larger bank account for themselves or their families. Public
officials involved in corruption offenses have come from employees who work at city hall, police
departments, schools, courts, transportation, zoning or health departments, and governmental
offices. Politicians in all sectors of politics are not immune to public corruption either. The FBI, in
2005 made public corruption number four on their top ten orders of investigative priorities. The FBI
began a national program around the country, putting trained agents in strategic positions to detect
public corruption. They use skills in surveillance in both the cyber world and undercover operations.
The FBI officials often team with governments in each state to identify fraud and also work together
to prevent different types of corruption. Dan O'Brien, Chief of the Public Corruption and
Government Fraud program at FBI Headquarters stated, "In 2004, we opened over 900 cases, which
led to over 650 convictions or guilty pleas. We're also proactive. We've got analysts

Facilitating Payments And Its Complications During Foreign...
Facilitating Payments and its Complications in Foreign Corrupt Practice Act
In all professional practices, engineers often have to face various ethical dilemmas. Under the OSH
(Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Act, employers are required to provide a safe and
healthy workplace while complying with all applicable OSHA standards. However, such standards
and regulations are not always abided by the industries, especially in areas where corruption is
common. Engineers are often faced with difficult moral decisions. There are conflicts between
engineers' ethical obligations, "Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts, conduct themselves honorably,
responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the
profession," and their obligation to remain as "faithful agents or trustees" for their employers and
clients. In this paper I will discuss engineers' obligations to their company, the ethical aspect of
bribery, and problematic cases involving "facilitating payments".
Firstly, I want to discuss engineers' ethical obligations as an employee. Engineers are hired and
compensated for their work as employees. Thus, they have moral obligations to remain loyal and act
as faithful trustees for their employers. Those obligations include engineers' duty to act with honesty
and integrity to the highest standards. For example, engineers are ethically required to work with
reasonable care and skill at all time. They are compelled to inform

The Impact Of International Corporations On A Nation's...
"Tell me, is there some society that doesn't run on greed? What is greed? Of course, none of us are
greedy, it is only the other fellow that's greedy. The world runs on individuals pursuing their
separate interests." – Milton Friedman (2002)
A common trend within developed and developing countries is foreign direct investment (FDI) as a
major source of capital. What differs is the effect it has for the nation's people. The current
economic and technological development, its government policy and a nation's labour force all alter
the potential outcomes for a nation. This report will examine the effects of international corporations
becoming involved in the discovery and extraction of oil reservoirs in Nigeria and compare it to the
results in Norway. It will explain how the stability of the governments affect the long–term
outcomes. Norway is a prospering country, its people are ranked as the second happiest in the world,
and its government is seen as trustworthy and influent. Nigeria has a turbulent past which the
discovery of oil has exasperated. These issues are recognised by the World Bank who have
responded by labelling Nigeria as a 'fragile state' due to its risk of armed conflict, epidemic diseases
and failed governance. (World Bank, 2014) It appears that when a country is faced with the influx of
foreign investors, it is the strength of the government that will determine who controls the power.
Stimulation of technological development and enhancing innovation amongst

Family Hierarchy Of East Asian Societies
In East Asian societies, family hierarchy has been a practice used to regulate one's self interest as
well as the interests of others. However, if everyone in the family thought of their own self interests,
the family will deal with conflict and struggle. Similarly, processing order in a family relates to
having order in a government. According to Xunzi, humans need proper order, and that only humans
can create their own order. Confucian practice considers proper order as the basis of human fruition.
Yet, if not handled correctly, proper order may collapse. The reason for the belief in proper order is
to succeed in moral and human fruition, and for government elites to live up to their moral
principles; however, due to the reality of conflict, corruption, probabilities, and paradoxes of
rationality, proper order may be seen as fragile. In the interest to create the preconditions of proper
order, one will have to consider coercive minimization, merit maximization, bureaucratic fiscal
minimalism, beneficent hierarchy, and co–participation, which will help to preserve the Confucian
practice relating government to human interests. Proper order is necessary for government and
families since it helps to value the self interests of individuals and affects the basis of human
accomplishment. Xunzi believed in law rather than humaneness or righteousness (Yao, 71).
However, he believed that the state should consider the interests of the people. Confucius believed
that the

Corruption Is Not Another Sensation
Corruption in Bangladesh Introduction Corruption is not another sensation. What is new and
stressing is the size and size of debasement. It has spread its limbs to each circle of national life. It is
one of the greatest dangers to improvement. It can tear the extremely fabric of the general public
and, contaminate, it is doing as such. Corruption advantages the rich and the well–to–do. It
advances the rich and disproportionably influences poor people, unprotected and the
underprivileged and in this way it extends their hardship. Unless it is checked, the administrations
and individuals will need to pay a substantial cost in the ensuing aftereffect of lower livelihoods,
lower ventures and lower improvements bringing about unpredictable financial swings .as of late;
the subject of defilement has gotten significant consideration. Chip away at administration has
brought it into the light and it is no more forbidden. Debasement is being tended to by monetary
establishments, government offices, respective givers, worldwide associations, non–legislative
associations (NGOs) and advancement experts. Its reasons have been measured observationally, as
have its effects on human advancement. Organizations and regulatory techniques have been
upgraded. Nations have arranged and marked universal hostile to defilement traditions. Definition of
Corruption: Corruption is the abuse of public offices for private gain. Defining corruption is
imperative in the setting of worldwide endeavors to

Essay On Mexico
Mexico's future revolves around the fate of its government. Many Mexicans agree that the central
Mexican government needs to be abolished, and local governments need to uprise. By doing this,
the much desired liberty will be brought into the homes of the Mexican citizens. By having a local
government in control of each city, disputes and such will be handled easier and with more
efficiency. The current Mexican government is corrupt and not trustworthy anymore. 98% of
murders are said to go unsolved because government officials, military personnel, and police
authorities are getting bribed. Also, just 12% of crimes are reported because there is little faith that
justice will be served. If local governments were adopted, there would be more faith and less
corruption. People would be focused on making sure that their city succeeds, so they would want
justice for every wrong doing. Citizen participation will lead to better governance of their
community.
Along with a local government, local self–defense groups will be started. The cases of the Tlatelolco
Massacre in 1968 and the killing of students in Iguala in 2014 have shown that the government is
not only failing to protect its citizens, but is actually committing violence ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This will fill the major gap between poor and rich, giving more jobs to the poor. This gap includes
the rise in billionaires from two to twenty–four, while the average worker is making $2.50 an hour.
To put that in perspective, an average American makes $23 per hour. By relying on local industries
instead of foreign exports, Mexican people can become economically self–sufficient. The United
States is constantly gaining influence on Mexico's economy. With all of their cheap exports into
Mexico, many workers are having a hard time doing their job. Local industries will improve the
overall economy, while improving the life of the many Mexicans who live in

Nigeri A Long, Complicated And Tragic History
Nigeria is known for having a long, complicated and tragic history. Since achieving independence in
1960, Nigeria has struggled to stabilize its government. Nigeria's history is studded with military
coups and corruption. The rule of numerous coups, which have occurred relatively close together
over a span of about twenty nine years, make it extremely difficult for a stable form of democratic
government to be created. Instead of a true democracy, Nigeria suffers under a kleptocratic
government. Nigeria's corrupt form of government consistently takes from its people for their own
reward. Another factor of government instability, is that Nigeria is a state comprised without regard
to the nations within its borders. The people of Nigeria ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The police force are supposed to be the vision of protection and justice for the citizens of Nigeria,
but instead they are some of the people most feared and criminal. Godwin Ekpo was a Nigeria
citizen who was shot through the jaw when he refused to pay a police officer a day's wages in a
bribe, "all of a sudden, I heard a gunshot twice. And...I went down, holding my jaw...and the blood
was just gushing out" ("How"). This is a gruesome example of the severity of corruption in the
everyday life of the locals in Nigeria. Corruption has reached even the 'protectors', and innocent
people are targeted for not giving into the thievery. In Godwin Ekpo's case, he was asked for just a
day's wages, however, when officers request bribes of greater amounts, escaping the grasp of an
ever–growing and persistent poverty looks to be impossible. Another aspect of the local and
'everyday' corruption is when people seek out justice against the corruption of the government,
investigations can be haulted or even over turned. In a PBS video article, Kemi Okenyodo stated
"the low–level corruption makes it worse, when you come in contact with police officers, when you
go and report a case, and a case can easily be turned against the person that has come to report"
("How"). There truly is no justice for the people of Nigeria in their law enforcement or in their
government in charge of it all. Corruption

Occupational Fraud Report
The Association of Fraud Certified Fraud Executives (ACFE) reported in their 2014 Report to the
Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse, that governmental and public administration
organizations have the second highest incidence of fraud in comparison to other organizations.
Further, the Brookings Institute found that governmental fraud directly impacts public finances by,
increasing public expenditures, and negatively impacting productivity, competitiveness, and growth.
Dekalb County Commissioner sentenced to fourteen months in federal prison and ordered to pay
$87,350 restitution for defrauding taxpayers. Former Chief Operating officer of Dekalb county
schools sentenced to prison for redirecting $1.4 million dollars to her ex–husbands ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The AFCE report found that fraud was detected via tip from an employee forty two percent of the
time. Understanding that fraud is most likely to be discovered and reported by one of the staff
means that the leadership of the organization should create an atmosphere of openness and the
leaders should be approachable. Additionally, it is imperative that the leadership is modeling the
behavior that they desire from the staff to clearly demonstrate what is acceptable or not in the
organization. Finally, the leadership should conduct periodic environmental scans to stay abreast of
changes that could potentially put the government at risk of employee fraud. For example, in the
event of a catastrophe such as Hurricane Katrina or construction of a new stadium could lead to
increased risk as contractors vie with one another for contracts.
The Role of organizational culture in preventing

Challenges to Vietnam's State Capacity
THREE MAJOR CHALLENGES TO STATE CAPACITY
FACED BY VIETNAM OVER THE LAST DECADE
State–building is an enduring process dating back from the 13th century. Since the emergence of
modern states, there has never been a smooth and flat road for states' development. States, ranging
from strong to weak or from rich to poor, all have difficulties in every step of the progress.
However, different states with a different history, society and nature will have to face up to different
challenges, especially the challenges to state capacity which is a fundamental element of
maintaining a state. Vietnam is not an exception. Being a developing country, the challenges to
Vietnam's state capacity are understandably numerous. Among those varied ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, it challenges the state capacity in ensuring equality among the whole society. In most cases
of corruption, wealth is concentrated in the hands of a minority of population as money and
properties go to the pockets of those who have power and position. Vice versa, good positions and
promotions are given to those who have money instead of genuine ability. The burden of corruption
falls on the poor since they are not able to afford the bribes to get good education, health care and
other services (Myint 2000). Secondly, corruption, by creating inequality within the society also
reduces the legitimacy of the government in the eyes of its citizens. A government which is
seriously corrupted is hardly able to implement laws and policies efficiently. Moreover, the capacity
of the state to invest in national projects is also diminished because of serious losses of revenues
caused by corruption. Businesses and companies in Vietnam pay bribes to get reduction of taxes,
fees, dues, custom duties and public utility charges such as for water and electricity (Myint, 49).
Thus, in direct or indirect ways, corruption is still a great challenge to the state capacity of Vietnam
that both the government and citizens are for years trying to find a resolution.
Secondly, apart from corruption which is a challenge emerges within the state,

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Federal System In The...
Federal System in the Philippines
Thesis: The Philippines should convert to Federal Form of Government
It can lead to better representation. Each region is properly represented with designation of distinct
regional opinions within federal decision making institutions. This is usually guaranteed by the
specific structure of the Senate known as the Federal Second Chamber in a federal system of
government. The welfare, interests and rights of the constituents in each region is properly
represented. There is no doubt that every member or resident of a place will be well taken care of
through proper representation. This is unlike the Presidential form of government wherein it is
difficult to determine the proper person to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Regrettably, although each local government unit in the Philippines is given funds, they are not
distributed equally. This is so because many factors are considered in appropriating the funds. The
population, the land area, the income capacity and other factors that prevent a small municipality or
city from developing are considered in the budget appropriation. It assures local development. Since
federalism allowed a shared power between national and provincial governments, allowing
provincial leaders will let them focus on developing their own territories. They will have the
opportunity to decide and be given the budget to improve their local community. The rights of the
States or Provinces are expressed and thus, have more local autonomy to develop. Other than this,
the income of a province can be used in its own alone without passing through the national level
wherein it may be restricted for some purposes. It facilitates fast government services. This is
because there are two orders of government, Federal and regional, each in direct contact with its
citizens. It is not necessary anymore to travel in distance just to avail of government services. With
the federal system, government services is not contained in national office alone but spread by

Corruption And Corruption Of Corruption
In local government there is a common trend of officials bending the rules in order to attain a
political goal. Therefore, an overlapping concept that lingers in multiple governments is political
corruption. Political corruption can be defined as the use of powers by government officials for
illegitimate private gain. Like all forms of American government, structure extends in a top down
manner within the federal beltway (NY, DC and large players). Consequently, parallel patterns are
reflected beyond the beltway, in local authorities where policies are generally practiced. Like
centralized federal government, a parallel practice that is generally relevant in smaller government
is the political corruption concept of nepotism. What I argue is while corruption is illegal it stems
from the root of emotion. Stemming from an emotional agenda, nepotism is a form of illegal
political dishonesty that has been reproduced from the earliest of political history to the smallest
cities in the US. Not only is nepotism anti–democratic, it is perpetuated in the simplest form, and
offers just a moral solution.
So what is Nepotism? Nepotism is can be simply referred to the act of favoritism to a relative family
member. It is typically associated in a negative light which runs down to employment, federal work,
and other places. In essence, nepotism is everywhere. In politics, it holds no place. However there is
reason to believe that patterns of a relative in the field are acts of nepotism.

Thesis Outline On Corruption
Outline
Thesis statement: now a day's corruption can be everywhere.it is like cancer in public life. The great
GHANDI was one of the leaders to face the problem of corruption. This phenomenal is
progressively increasing in our society.
I –Definition and theories
II – Corruption problem A. Causes of corruption B. Effects of corruption
III– Types
A. Corruption by topic
B. Reform and the fight against corruption.
I–Corruption: Definitions and Theory:
Corruption is the misuse of public power for private gain. It is unethical method used by a person to
gain advantage over other. Corruption can also be known as giving or accepting bribes ,or
manipulating elections, laundering money, which can reduce the government income and it, affect ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, both in one way or the other have serious effect on the individual group and nation. As a
matter of first importance, corruption leads the exhaustion of national riches. It is regularly in charge
of expanded expenses of products, the piping of rare open re to uneconomic prominent activities to
the detriment of the abundantly required undertakings, for example, schools, healing facilities and
streets, or the supply of potable water, transformation of open riches to private and individual
property, imbalanced financial improvement, block of the advancement of reasonable in business
sector structures and unfortunate rivalry there by hindering rivalry. Expansive scale corruption
harms the economy and devastates whole population (Eileen Skinnider, 2012, in his article:
Corruption in Canada: Reviewing Practices from Abroad to Improve Our

Chinese Political History Essay
Chinese political history harkening back to dynastic rule recalls notions of a highly centralized
government, a bloated and corrupt bureaucracy, and the limited power of commoners to
significantly change their circumstances, much less how they are governed. With the introduction of
political reforms in recent years meant to fortify local governance by allowing the Chinese people to
elect officials, scholars have paid increased attention to the effectiveness of these local governments.
In the readings I selected from Perry and Goldman (2007), this effectiveness of village–level local
governments in relation to the central government, as well as the extent to which longstanding
bureaucratic and cultural norms from earlier times are still ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
For example, Levy (2007) finds that women make up very insignificant proportions of village
leadership, and that once elected, they are often assigned to "women's work" (e.g., family planning
projects).2 Remedial efforts such as affirmative action have been considered in order to promote
equality, but these have in large part been met with resistance due to what Levy cites as "the
generally lower status or women ... cultural inhibitions ... [and] the deeper issues relating to culture
and power in the countryside."3 This underlying (de)valuation of women draws on Confucian ideals
regarding the "domination of male over female" as well as the superior and subordinate roles of men
and women, respectively.4 Fairbank and Goldman (2006) posit that the "inferior social status of
women was merely one manifestation of the hierarchic nature of China's entire social code and
cosmology" and that "an endless succession of Chinese male moralists worked out the behavior
pattern of obedience and passivity that was expected of women."5 When these ideas are applied to
the contemporary times, the current state of women's political viability in China makes much more
sense. The longstanding social implications surrounding women's roles in relation to men makes
them less desirable as leaders, and their limitations once they

Corruption Of The Saudi Arabia
Corruption in Saudi Arabia According to The Economic Times reports "corruption in a civilized
society is a disease like cancer, which if not detected on time, is surely to spread its malignancy
among the polity of the country, leading to disastrous consequences" (Economic Times). Corruption
or what it should be called "how to destroy a community" is the easier and faster way to kill a
nation. Unfortunately, corruption is widespread in Saudi Arabia, and an abundance of corrupt people
take advantage of their positions to achieve personal goals. Perhaps the most important of their
reasons are earning money and having more power because of weak government regulators. This
however, has a negative result on various aspects of social life, economic, and political in Saudi
Arabia. There are several reasons behind the emergence of the phenomenon of corruption and
outbreaks in communities. There is nearly unanimity on the fact that this phenomenon is negative
behavior. some of the reasons for people to turn towards to corruption is to make more money,
engaging in corruption, and dreaming of more strength. However, the main reason that allows
people to engage in corruption and enjoy it is the weakness of government regulation. Corruption
leads to the demoralizing aspects of frustration and apathy. Also it will raise the negative spread
between the members of the community. Corruption also results in a lack of professionalism the loss
of the value of work and a declining

Role Of E Governance On Administrative Efficiency And...
Role of E–governance in administrative Efficiency and Combating Corruption Abstract:
Administrative efficiency and Corruption have been the matter of growing interest for any
Government of a country. Increasing efficiency and decreasing corruption are very much important
for good governance and better development of a country. Because organization's effectivity,
productivity, depends on administrative efficiency. The objective of this paper is to find out the role
of E–governance in Administrative Efficiency and Combating Corruption. It will provide ideas in
which factors should be emphasized to ensure administrative efficiency and to battle against
corruption with the weapon of E–governance. Keywords: e–Governance, Administrative efficiency,
Corruption, development etc. Introduction: Developing countries like Bangladesh always faces
some problems like lack of administrative efficiency and corruption in various level of society. E–
governance can be an important tool to fight against it. The preliminary objective of e–governance
is to provide better services and information to the citizens of a country. It has also plays an
important role to fight against corruption along with providing services. So, now a–days, to increase
administrative efficiency and to ensure quality service to the people no one can ignore the
importance of E–governance. E–governance also can helps to reduce of corruption. Objective of the
Study: The main objective of this study is to examine the

Qing War Research Paper
Question:
Why was Japan able to defeat the Qing in the first Sino–Japanese War of 1894–1895?
Thesis:
Japan was able to defeat the Qing in the first Sino–Japanese War due to corruption in the Qing
dynasty's political, military, and institutional systems.
Formal argument:
Due to Qing's major internal problems in the mid–1800s, the war against Japan was unquestionably
going to fail.
Research Essay:
The Sino–Japanese War started on July 25, 1894. The Sino–Japanese war broke out at the naval
Battle of Pungdo and it all ended on April 17, 1895 when the signing "Treaty of Shimonoseki" took
place. This war ended in failure for the Chinese. The supporting evidences presented in this essay
will show that Japan was able to defeat the Qing in the first Sino–Japanese War due to corruption in
the Qing dynasty's political, military, and institutional systems.
First, the corruption in Qing dynasty's political system was displayed in its central imperial
government. The clear sign of corruption in Qing dynasty's political system was displayed by
Empress Cixi. One clear sign of corruption was on October 10, 1895, which was Empress Cixi's
60th birthday. Cixi took her birthdays very seriously, therefore, she has prepared for this birthday for
a very long time. In 1892, she delegated the crown prince ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The officers in the army took cuts from the soldiers' pay. Many high–ranking army officials also
embezzle the public fund that was supposed to be distributed to the military. Because the military
officer took a cut from soldiers' pay, this caused the officers–soldiers relationship to be extremely
rocky. Therefore, when the critical moment arrives and the soldiers are required to go out and fight
for the country. The soldiers will disobey orders from the officers and this will ultimately end in
disaster for the Qing

The Cultural Influences Of Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan, previously known as Kirghizia, is a country located in Central Asia known for its
incredible natural beauty and nomadic traditions. Kyrgyzstan is a mountainous and landlocked
country bordered by China (to the east), Tajikistan (to the southwest), Uzbekistan (to the west), and
Kazakhstan (to the north). Kyrgyz, the official language of the country, is closely related to other
Turkic languages. However the country is under major cultural influences from Russia. A large
majority of the population are nondenominational Muslims. In 1876 a large portion of Kyrgyzstan
was formally annexed to Russia. A major revolt in 1916 led by the Kyrgyz against the Tsarist
Empire in which almost one–sixth of the population was killed. Kyrgyzstan ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Some forms include systematic corruption, political instability, organized crime infiltrating
government institutions, and different economic problems. After many years of corruption and
cronyism led to an uprising backed by citizens, and an election of a new government in 2011. ()
Since then efforts have been intensified to fight corruption.
Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index has ranked Kyrgyzstan 150th out of the
177 countries. World Banks Worldwide Governance Indicators
In Kyrgyzstan, corruption is widespread in all parts of the economy and government. For many
years Kyrgyzstan has dealt with the effects of major patronage networks. Patronage, or clientelism
refers to an informal relationship between people of different social and economic status. The
relationship includes a mutual but unequal exchange of favors, which can be, and most of the time is
corrupt. () Due to the effects of these networks, most operations in the country have to deal with
disorganized public administration. These circumstances give incentives and encourage bureaucratic
corruption.
Kyrgyzstan requires numerous amounts of documents, along with payments and procedures in order
for business transactions to take place. With these restrictions in place, many public officials are
encouraged to take part in bribes to bend the rules and speed up the process. The Ease of Doing
Business Index of 2014 ranks Kyrgyzstan 99th out of 189

The Politics Of Mexico And China
Mexico has been a democracy for close to 100 years, however, in practice, it is only now going
through a democratic transition (ONSF). The dislodging of an authoritarian political party from
presidency in 2000 made many optimistic about Mexico's move towards democracy. Similarly,
China, a fractured authoritarian state, has been showing increasing signs of democracy. Due to its
economic and political trends, many argue that China is well on its way towards becoming a
democracy. However, despite these trends, there is a problem in that the politics in both Mexico and
China remain riddled with corruption. This complex issue raises the question of why corruption
persists in both Mexico and China despite their movements towards democracy. This ... Show more
For over 70 years, Mexico was controlled by the PRI, an authoritarian regime that led with co–
option, inclusion, and corruption (ONFS). A key element of their power was patron–client
relationships, in which bureaucrats delivered services in exchange for support; in other words,
bureaucratic corruption was the norm. These relationships were allowed and perpetuated by weak
governmental laws. Although the PRI is no longer the dominating political party, the PRI maintains
enormous power at both state and local level (Carpenter). As a result, Mexico's government has put
in little effort toward improving the pseudo–democratic foundations upon which its ability to rule
was established. Instead of reforming the structure of rule that promoted clientelism, they focused
on keeping certain people out of office (Corruption in Mexico). Because of this lack of reform,
structures that allow old style political machines are still effective, making corruption still common
place. An example of a structural flaw in the Mexican government is the law that prevents re–
election (ONFS). Although this practice was recently reformed, without a chance at re–election,
political leaders often felt like they had nothing to lose and were more likely to take bribes in
exchange for political favors (Agren). The source of the problem is that Mexico is still recovering
from a system that was based on

Public Administration Vs. Government
Trust in government is one of the major concerns in modern social sciences research. It is addressed
in the literatures of political science, public administration, law, philosophy, counseling and
psychology, economics, organization theory, management, and others. The literature often
documents a positive correlation between citizens' trust in government and the government's
performance (Feldman, 1983). What is less clear is the nature of any causal relationship (Bjørnskov,
2007). Some assert the more intuitive notion that citizens trust more in their government if and
when they deem that the government institutions are delivering required services and fulfilling the
policy agendas (Chanley, Rudolph and Rahn, 2000). On the other hand, trust also can be seen as the
cause of better government performance as the citizens may think the people running the
government would not do anything illegitimate and beyond the rules (Uslaner, 2002). That is why
researchers are still trying to figure out whether the trust is cause or consequence (Bjørnskov, 2007
& 2010).
It implies that the mystery of citizens' trust in government still to be solved based on scholarly
agreement. Moreover, citizens' trust in government in developing countries are mostly studied by
focusing on national government setting instead of local government. Studies like Booth and
Seligson (2009), Gupta (2005), Bellina, Darbon, Eriksen, and Sending (2009), Papagianni (2008)
and Reno (1995) have indicated that in

The mining industry in developing nations often lacks the...
The mining industry in developing nations often lacks the enforcement of ethical principles, laws
and regulations. I therefore believe developing nations are better off without large mining
companies operating within them. Mining majors can use force to get there way and this often
includes political involvement and corruption. Mining companies often overlook the artisanal
miners, that use the mine as their lone source of income, and move them out from the mines. The
impact on locals is not usually not taken into account when a new mine is set up. Mining companies
often disregard the citizenship, fairness and dignity principles of the Global Business Standards
Codex to improve profits. Mining majors will go to great lengths to make profit ... Show more
As corruption is seen as a cheaper alternative to fixing the problem. I believe that developing
nations are better off without mining majors in operation within them because of the possibility for
government corruption. Developing nations are better off without mining majors because the
country is seen as a target for large revenue gains, the Global Business Standards Codex and fair
treatment of local people can often be disregarded at the expense of profits. Artisanal miners live in
or around mines and generally do all of their work by hand, including the extraction of ore, to make
a living. As these people live on the mine, if a company wants to buy the mine then they have to
move the whole town elsewhere. In accordance with the fairness principle, which has always been
involved with ethical thought (Paine et al. 2005), the mining company should provide housing for
the artisanal miners. However, by doing this, the company is taking the miners away from their
source of money and livelihood, which creates an imbalance. An example of this is the Canadian
mining company in Essakane, Burkina Faso (Siegel 2013). As global mining companies seek new
avenues of revenue they are increasingly turning to the developing world. In developing countries
mining is used by locals as a source of income when farms fail, which is becoming increasingly
common with global warming. The increasing number of artisanal miners causes

Explain The Three Branches Of Government
Branches of US Government The Three Branches and their Powers The three branches of the US
government are the judiciary, the executive and the legislature. The judiciary consists of the
Supreme Court and other courts. The Legislature is also known as Congress is made up of the
House of Representatives and the Senate (The White House, n.d). The president heads the executive
arm of the government and he works with thousands of workers who facilitate the execution of the
government's mandate. The constitution vests power in the three arms so that they are able to carry
out their mandate. The judiciary enjoys the power to interpret the law and issue rulings on numerous
issues (The White House, n.d). Justices are the main parties in this branch and they are able to make
rulings that are to be honored. The constitution also offers the executive the power to implement
laws and policies. The president is at the forefront in implementing the policies of his
administration. The executive wields power over such issues as health, education and defense. The
US Congress enjoys the power to make laws. State and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I also believe that justice is an integral component of integrity and government officials serving in
the judiciary who obstruct justice commit corruption. The mismanagement of public funds and the
obstruction of justice are examples of corruption in the executive and judicial arms of the
government. An example of corruption in the legislature is an instance where a member of Congress
who accepts bribes from the business community. I have observed that corruption is more rampant
at the state levels of government. The case of Bob McDonnall who served as Virginia Governor and
convicted on corruption charges makes this clear. McDonnall betrayed public trust and his case
point to the rot and corruption in state

Corruption Is An Everyday Experience For Millions Of...
Petty Corruption: Corruption is an everyday experience for millions of Chinese that affects every
aspect of life not only schools, but businesses, on farms and in factories, and any contact that
citizens may have with government authorities. Known in China as "black corruption." the corrupt
practices in this category include graft, bribery, fraud, embezzlement, extortion, smuggling, tax
evasion, etc. They constitute an important part of "economic crimes". Unfortunately China is an
environment where petty corruption is common and tolerated. After the beginning of the post Mao
reform period, China's bribery problem only worsened. Bribes were most common not given in cash
but in kind, with cigarettes, liquor and meat. Officials began to cash in on their ability to allocate
valuable resources and land in return for high valued bribes. During the Maoist period most
corruption happened at the street level, but in recent years government ministers, senior bureaucrats,
members of the provincial government and party, and members of the ruling Politburo have been
prosecuted for accepting bribes (Csuka, 2012). With the fast growing economy, commercial bribery
is becoming a huge issue. According to China's Anti–unfair Competition Law, business operators
commit commercial bribery if they offer business counterparts or their staff money or property or
adopt other means to purchase or sell products. In this definition, 'Property includes cash and assets
and kickbacks. 'Other

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