4. Inequalities in pay across UK
• Richest 1% received 13% of all income in 2014 – as
much wealth as poorest 55%
• Pay continued to rise during the recession
• The UK has the most billionaires per capita – why?
• HQs of TNCs, financial services in London pay bonuses, low
taxes, London as a world city appeals
• Bottom 10% earn <£288 per week – leads to debt and
growth of food banks
• Concentrated in customer service – waiters, care, cleaners,
tourism.
• Often part time and seasonal (tourism)
• Primary sector also low paid
• Core and periphery
5. Controversial aspects of
employment
• Gender Gap
• Zero Hours contracts
• Minimum Wage and Living Wage – National Living Wage
introduced for >25s in 2016
• Illegal migrant workers
• Temporary and seasonal work
• Pay growth
• Why controversial?
6. What is ‘quality of life’?
• It is the level of social and economic well being
based on various inductors including health,
happiness, educational achievement, income and
leisure time.
• ‘Standard of living’ is different as it is based on
income alone.
7. - Does more money buy you happiness?
- How do you measure ‘quality of life’?
8. What are ‘quality of life indices’?
1. Economic
Employment opportunities, type of work and income.
2. Social
Segregation of people and moralisation or exclusion of
subgroups.
3. Service
Health facilities, public transport, unavailability of food,
etc.
4. Environmental
Pollution levels, derelict land, access to open space, etc.
10. Links to social factors
• Describe the pattern
• “In the light blue hexagons, places like
Henley, Sevenoaks and Guildford rural,
those aged between 60 and 74 have
something like a three in four chance
of not suffering from a condition that
limits their daily activities. But in the
dark red places like Glasgow and the
valleys of Rhondda, Rhymney and
Merthyr Tydfil the chance is down to
one in three.”
• “The north-south divide is obvious
with the poorest health in the once-
booming industrial areas of South
Wales, north west and north east
England and the west of Scotland.”
• The healthiest area to live in the UK is
Richmond upon Thames in SW London
– it also has the highest income.
11. Index of Multiple Deprivation
• Used by local and central government to allocate funds and
prioritise services(eg crime hotspots)
• Uses 32,844 small areas “lower layer super output areas”
LSOAs
• 37 indicators grouped into 7 domains – income,
employment, education, health, crime, barriers to services
and living environment.
• Shows that there is deprivation in all regions and areas –
even in less deprived places.
• Deprivation concentrated in large urban areas, especially
northern cities that have suffered deindustrialisation
• http://dclgapps.communities.gov.uk/imd/idmap.html
• https://tools.npeu.ox.ac.uk/imd/
12.
13. Homework
1. Describe and suggest
reasons for income
variations in the UK. (4)
2. Explain why
employment factors
may create variations in
the quality of life
between places. (6)
