2. Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of
contaminants into a natural
environment that causes
instability, disorder, harm or
discomfort to the ecosystem i.e.
physical systems or living organisms.
4. Air pollution
Imbalance in the quality of air so as
to cause adverse affects on the
living organisms existing on earth.
5. Causes of air pollution
1.Natural sources
Volcanic eruptions
Forest fires
Pollen grains of flowers
2.Man-made sources
Increase in pollution
Deforestation
Burning of fossil fuels and fires
Emission from vehicles
Rapid industrialization
Wars
6. Control Measures
– Removal of pollutants
– Reduce sulphur content before burning
– Use of energy sources other than fossil fuels
– Legal measures from authorities
– Increased planting of vegetation
7. Water Pollution
– Contamination of water by addition of
undesirable organic, inorganic or biological
substances to water sources
– Natural sources: soil erosion, leaching of
minerals from of rocks and decay matter.
– Industrial effluents
– Destroys ecosystem and effects human health
8. Sources of water pollution
• Community waste waters
• Industrial wastes
• Agricultural sources
• Under ground water pollution
• Marine pollution
• Thermal pollution
9. Control of water pollution
• Treatment of garbage and sewage.
• Chemical treatment.
• Reduction of temperature of waste water.
• Minimize the use of non - degradable
pesticides.
• Proper enactment of laws by government.
10. Soil pollution
• Undesirable change in the
physical, chemical or biological
property which adversely affects its
productivity
• Caused by dumping of
wastes, agrochemicals and as
indirect result of air pollution
12. Control of soil pollution
• Proper disposal of industrial and
agricultural wastes
• Recycling and recovery of materials
• Minimize the manufacture and use of
chemical fertilizers
• Reduce the use of pesticides
13. Radioactive pollution
• Physical pollution that affects air, water and
soil. Caused by ionizing radiations of harmful
nature emitted from disintegrating atomic
nuclei.
• The natural sources include cosmic rays that
reaches the earth surface and radiations from
radium 224, uranium 235 thorium 232 etc
14. Man made sources
• Nuclear weapons
• Reactors and Nuclear fuel
• Waste waters containing these wastes
• X-rays used in medical practices
• Ultra violet rays present in solar radiations
15. Effects
• Mutation
• Cancer
• Radioactive substances in food chain cause
retarded growth and bone cancer.
• Increases infant mortality rate
16. Control measures
• Prevention of leakage of radioactive elements
from nuclear reactors.
• Proper storage and disposal of nuclear wastes
• Regular monitoring
• Increasing the use of non harmful energy
sources
17. Noise pollution
• Unwanted high pitch sound that pollutes the
environment.
• Maximum tolerable intensity of sound is 85
decibels
• The main sources are automobiles, aero
planes, loudspeakers, industries and other
electro-mechanical devices.
18. Effects of noise pollution
• Damage to ear drum and impairment to
hearing.
• Damages heart, liver and brain
• Emotional disturbances and behavioral
changes
• Leads to anxiety and stress
19. Control measures
• Design machines with minimum sound
• Proper lubrication maintenance of machines
and installation of silencers.
• Use of sound absorbing materials
• Use of noise protective devices
20. Thermal Pollution
The term thermal pollution has been
used to indicate the detrimental
effects of heated effluents
discharged by various power plants.
21. Causes of thermal pollution
Nuclear power plants
Coal fired power plants
Industrial effluents
Domestic sewage