Environmental Scanning And Key Risk Indicators

Environmental Scanning And Key Risk Indicators
Indeed, there are multiple tools that can be utilized to determine organization risk, such as Risk
Analysis Questionnaire, Financial Statement Method, Flowchart Method, On–Site Inspections,
Environmental Scanning, and Key Risk Indicators (Fraser & Simkins, 2010). Ultimately, I chose to
use Environmental Scanning and Key Risk Indicators to assess The Kroger Company's risk.
Comparatively, each tool offers unique advantages and viewpoints of the organization's operations,
current risk, and perceived future risk.
So, why did I choose Environmental Scanning and Key Risk Indicators as the tools to identify risk
within Kroger? First, the decision had to made as to the type of risk to identify, such as
environmental, regulatory, political, or technological. Then, the determination was made as to who
or what would be impacted by the risk, so there were questions to be asked, such as:
What is the business risks within Kroger's market or industry?
What impact would be caused as a result of changes in market conditions, such fluctuations in
prices, interest rates, and exchange rates?
What would happen as a result of operational risks associated with internal system failures because
of mechanical problems or human errors?
What legal risks could occur from failure to meet contractual obligations? (Risk, 2009).
After determining the risk to be identified, I reviewed each tool to choose the one that best
diagnosed risk exposure. Thus, the Risk Analysis Questionnaire is a checklist
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

External Environment Analysis Essay
CHAPTER TWO
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS
At the end of this chapter, the student should be able to:
1. Understand the processes for an environmentally conscious organization.
2. Know the importance of SWOT analysis in analyzing both external and internal environment.
3. Understand the different segments of the external environment known as the general environment.
4. To find out how the strength of the company's competitive forces are congruent with the
industry's through the five–forces model of industry competition.
5. To understand the relevance of benchmarking in evaluating company's performance as against
competitors.
INTRODUCTION:
Companies must be responsive to the external business environment. Knowledge about the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5. Technological. Information technology, robotics, microelectronics, ergonomics, genetic
engineering, computer–aided design, pollution, global warning, invention of smart gadgets are some
of issues under this segment.
6. Global segment. This segment includes political events, peace agreements or negotiations, critical
global markets, newly industrialized countries, trade agreements, and different cultural and
institutional attributes.
THE STRENGTH OF AN INDUSTRY'S COMPETITIVE FORCES
Industry and competitive analysis should focus on the competitive dynamics of the industry. The
five–forces model of competition is the most powerful and widely used tool for assessing the
strength of the industry's competitive forces.
The Five Basic Competitive Forces
1. The threat of new entrants. Several factors determine whether the threat of new companies
entering the marketplace presents a significant competitive pressure. As a rule, the bigger pool of
entry candidates, the stronger the threat of potential entry. Dess, et.al. enumerated the six major
sources of entry barriers.
a. Economies of scale. Economies of scale refers to spreading the costs of production over the
number of units produced. The cost of a product per unit declines as the absolute volume per period

increases.
b. Product differentiation. When existing competitors have strong brand

Environments And Effects Of External Environment On...
Effects of external environment on company's strategy
Introduction:
The development of any organization require new ways of orientation of a business, requires
organization to adapt to environmental changes inside and outside the action. The purpose of
external assessment is to prosper a limited list of an opportunities and threats that should be avoided.
External assessment is not aimed at developing an extensive list of every possible factor that could
affect the business. External environment of an organizations are factors that affect the company's
ability to function. The importance of external environment and their effect on the expansion of
marketing planning is crucial and should be reviewed by an organization wising to be profitable in
the market. A firm should have a mind that effective marketing strategies could not be developed
without the analysis of external environment in which the company operates. The external
environment for a company covers many aspects such as macro environment and micro
environment. The macro environment consists of forces such as social, political and technological
and micro environment consists of such as structure of the market, the suppliers, customers and the
competition. Strategic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The external environment covers many aspects for the company. They both are considered under
two factors the macro–environment and the micro–environment. The macro–environment of a
company covers forces, for example, social, cultural, legal, economic, political and technological.
Within this are incorporated elements, for example, demographics, green issues and larger societal
and environmental forces. The micro–environment includes other environmental factors, such as the
structure of the market, the suppliers, and customers, trends of the market, the public and

The Doping Of Semiconductor By Rare Earth Metal Nanoparticle
The doping of semiconductor by rare earth metal nanoparticle is an effective way for increasing
photocatalytic activity. Zinc oxide and Lanthanum doped Zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized
by modifying the gel–combustion method. It was found that La can greatly enhance the cytotoxicity
and photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles towards various cell lines and paracetamol drug.
These nanoparticles were characterized by various spectroscopic and other techniques which clearly
revealed the presence of lanthanum ions. The absorption edge shifts towards the visible region after
doping with La ions. This shift shows that the doping of La ions is favorable for absorbing the
visible light. The comparative photocatalytic and cytotoxicity activity revealed that La doped ZnO
nanoparticles remarkably enhanced activities as compared to the ZnO nanoparticles. The outcome of
these studies offers valuable for planning La doped ZnO nanoparticles having cytotoxicity and
photocatalytic activities helpful for the formulation of anticancer product and wastewater
remediation.
Keywords. Gel–combustion, Photocatalytic, Paracetamol, Cell lines and nanoparticles.
1. Introduction.
The presence of pharmaceutical compound even at low concentration in waste water effluents raised
the environmental problems on aquatic and human life in recent years [1]. Several drugs are
extensively used as antibiotics, antiseptics, anti–inflammatory and disinfectants [2]. Out of which
Paracetamol

Environmental Scanning
Environmental Scanning To assure the success of a business over a long period of time the business
must be able to conduct regular analysis of their success. They must be able to determine where they
are today and have a goal of where they would like to see themselves 5–10 years down the road. In
order to conduct a true analysis of the company, one must complete an environmental scan of their
organization. Thus scanning for events, trends, issues and expectations that they may be faced with
in the future. Furthermore, examining all internal and external environment challenges. Internal
environmental challenges may be with employees, shareholders or board of directors or the overall
culture of the organization. External environmental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In return, they have a strong financial backing, brand reputation, strong marketing and advertising
teams. Apple plans to take these strengths and prosper off of them. Taking the amount of brand
awareness they have built along with their benefit of retail stores the company can plan to use their
strong marketing and advertising teams to launch a new product. Weaknesses Some of the
weaknesses that Apple was able to pinpoint was their high prices and incompatibility with different
operating systems. Since Apple already has a great deal of loyal customers Apple could combat this
weakness and provide its customers with a reasonably priced compatible product, thus keeping and
retaining more Apple Customers. During the analysis the company was able to outline opportunities
in which they viewed as a benefit for the organization. One's that if the organization were to take
advantage of them they may be able to grow the organization. Some of the opportunities include
growth of tablet and smartphone markets, obtaining patents through acquisitions and strong growth
of mobile advertising market. Although the opportunities would most likely help to grow the
company, its best that Apple also keep their treats in plain view. Knowing the companies threats will
help them combat them as they come about. Some of the threats that Apple was able to outline were
breached IP rights, Android OS growth, 2013 tax increases and

Nanotechnology Essay
Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems through control of
matter at the scale of 1–100 nanometers, and the exploitation of novel properties and phenomena at
the same scale; nanotechnology is also called molecular manufacturing. Nanotechnology is a result
of the combination of different scientific fields such as physics, biology, engineering chemistry, and
computer science in addition to many more. The foundation of nanotechnology is that atoms make
up all things in our world; which can be manipulated to produce almost anything.
Nanotechnology, as it is understood today, was introduced by a man named Eric Drexler. He
presented his ideas in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some of the practical applications of nanotechnology today are to fabricate smaller faster computer
chips for more efficient computers, mobile phones, or navigation systems. Nanotechnology also
brought about the quantum dot laser, which enables faster communication. Nanotechnology could
be utilized by today's society in countless ways and will revolutionize our lives. The advances in
medicine would be mind–boggling. Tiny robots could detect diseases when they've just barely
begun to form, repair injuries more completely than ever before, and even body parts with new ones.
Microscopic cameras and other recording devices would change the intelligence and security
industry by enabling them to watch and monitor like never before. We would have the luxury of
carrying around huge amounts of information; thousands of music albums and movies–on tiny
devices that fit in our pocket. Nanotechnology will totally change our lives. We'll expect much more
from the products we buy–expect, for example, a wrench we buy at the hardware store will be 100
times as strong as steel. Our concept of size will change drastically; the devices we use today will
seem large and clunky. With nanotechnology, we'll expect the devices we use every day to be tiny,
light, and very efficient. If scientists are able to actually make molecular sized machines, we would
no longer have resource problems of any kind. Oil, food, wood, and any other raw materials could
be broken down

Morphologies Of The As-Formed Zeolite Nannostructures...
3.2. SEM and TEM studies
Morphologies of the as–prepared zeolite nanostructures products (ZF, ZM, ZS, and ZT) have been
examined using both of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively. The images taken by SEM demonstrated that ZM
and ZT are made up of aggregates of a sphere like structures with an average size of ca.3.54 and
3.07 μm, respectively. In addition, ZF and ZS samples were found to consist of aggregates of a
(sphere and sheet) and (sphere and cubic) like structures with an average size of ca. 10.33 and 8.65
μm, respectively. Moreover, TEM images, exhibits that the samples; ZF, ZM, ZS, and ZT, are
composed of (spherical), (spherical and irregular), ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(13)). log (Qe–Qt) = log Qe–K1t/2.303 (8) t/Qt = (1/K2Qe2) + (1/Qe) t (9)
Qt = Kint t 0.5 +C (10) ln Ct = ln Co–Kextt (11) ln (1–F) = – Kextt (12) log R = log [Ko m/ 2.303V]
+ α log t (13) where, Qe (mg/g) is the amount of the adsorbed dye at equilibrium, Qt (mg/g) is the
amount of the adsorbed dye at time t (min), k1 (1/min) is the pseudo– first–order rate constant, k2
(g/mg.min) is the pseudo–second–order rate constant, C (mg/g) is the thickness of boundary layer,
kint (mg/(g.min0.5)) is internal diffusion constant, Kext (1/min) is external diffusion constant, Ct
(mg/L) is the concentration of dye at time t, F is fraction attainment of equilibrium or extent of
conversion and it was calculated using Eq. (14), α (mg/g.min) <1) and Ko (g/mg.min) are the
Bangham constants. In addition, R can be calculated using Eq. (15)
F = Qt/Qe (14)
R = log [Co/ (Co–Qtm)] (15)
Figure 7 (A–F) represents all of the above six kinetic models, respectively. Moreover, all of the
constants and correlation coefficients for the above six kinetic models were calculated in Table 3.
The data exhibited that the adsorption process of malachite green dye follows the pseudo–second–
order model more than pseudo–first–order, because the correlation coefficients of the first model is
greater than

Scanning Electron Microscopy And Microscopy
1. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Scanning electron microscopy uses a focused beam of electrons to develop an image of the surface.
Signal is generated by the interaction of electrons with the surface, which are then detected and
perceived to obtain image and desired information related to the characteristics and topography.
1.1. WHY SEM USES ELECTRONS?
The resolution power of an eye is about 0.2 mm. However, utilizing a microscope magnify this
resolution power. The modern light microscope has a magnifying power of 1000x. The wavelength
of the light used can alter the resolving power of the microscope. Visible light as compared to an
electronic beam can focus the minute details of the surface. The signals that are derived from
electron ample interaction displays information about the physico chemical structure, crystalline
morphology and orientation of the arrays of molecules that make up the sample. A dimensional
image is generated showing spatial changes in properties (1) .
Areas of around 1 to 5 microns can be imaged by using conventional SEM techniques with a
magnifying range from 20x to 30,000x. SEM precision to view can be analyzed by keeping in view
a fact that it is cable of analyzing a particular sample point. This methodology can be employed for
quantitative determination. SEM is advantageous over traditional microscopic technique. SEM has
more deep investigational details as compared to the conventional characterization techniques. SEM
has much higher resolution

Evolution Of Nanoscale Science And Technology
In the last twenty years Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies have become more significant and have
found a lot of applications in many aspects; the synthesis making nanostructured materials with
helpful and tunable properties is central to the evolution of nanoscale science and technology.
Nanometre scale metal particles exhibit optical, electronic, magnetic and chemical properties which
have wonderful technological and scholar value. Among them silver, copper, and gold nanoparticles
(NP) offer powerful adsorption bands (Localised Surface Plasmon Resonance, LSPR) in the visual
spectrum. The frequency of the LSPR is mightily dependent on various properties of the NP. The
optical properties of metal NP are mightily affected by their composition, shape, size, and
concerning climate, like the closeness of other particles. These nano–particles, in a collective
surround the core, will do a shell. Metal nanoshells have shown formidable troth for systematic
engineering of SPR. These are composite nanoparticles that make of a dielectric core covered with a
few nanometers to a little tens of nanometers of a metal, ordinarily gold or silver. The SPR of these
nanoparticles may be alteration over hundreds of nanometers in wavelength, across the visible and
into the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum by the relative dimensions of the core and
the shell.
Firstly, the fabricated unclosed nanoshell composite SiO2@ Au–Cu was made by chemical methods
for different cases.

The Role of the Scanning Probe Microscopy in...
Introduction:
Scanning probe microscopy in nano mechanical testing has started with the invention of the
scanning tunneling microscope in the year 1981. Till then based on the type of principles there are
number of models developed and are in use. Scanning probe microscopy found popularity owing to
its ease in versatility in dealing with a number of issues, typically it is used to identify the material
properties on nano to even pico scales. Scanning probe microscopy techniques such as
atomic/friction force microscopy(AFM/FFM) are increasingly finding applications in tribological
studies of engineering surfaces as well for finding surface texture etc. Atomic and molecular level
details can be assessed using Scanning probe microscopy with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The spatial resolution used is far better than the wavelength used to create the image.
Technical overview:
Scanning tunneling microscope is the first of the series of the scanning probe microscopes. The
development of the family of scanning probe microscopes starts with the original invention of the
STM in 1981. Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer developed the first working STM in IBM. The
STM works by scanning a very sharp metal wire tip over a surface. By brining the tip very close to
the surface, and by applying an electrical voltage to the top or sample, we can image the surface at
an extremely small scale–down to resolving individual atoms. The STM is based on several
principles. One is the quantum mechanical effect of tunneling.
It is this effect that allows the viewer to visualize the target surface. Another principle is the piezo
electric effect. It is this effect that allows us to precisely scan the tip with the angstrom– level
control. Lastly a feedback loop is required, which monitors the tunneling current and co–ordinates
the current and the positioning of the tip.
Principle:
Tunneling current occurs when electrons move through a barrier that they classically should not able
to move through. In classical terms if you don't have enough energy to move over a barrier you
won't.

The Use Of Glycerol Residue
ABSTRACT: The use of glycerol residue, a palm oil waste from Oleochemical industries as a raw
material for the production of succinic acid with immobilized cell fermentation process was
investigated. In this work, the raw material, immobilized cells to produced succinic acid were
characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and Scanning Electron
Microscope instruments. Based on the results, the functional group appearing for treated and
commercial glycerol is the hydroxyl, aromatic methoxyl, alkenes, soap, carbonyl and alcohol group.
The hydroxyl group which is O–H appeared at a spectra value of 3394.2700 cm–1for the treated
glycerol and 3299.9600 cm–1 for the commercial group. Respectively. From the analysis of SEM
for bead, it was found that majority of pores fall within range and the shapes was ellipsoid and a
thick skin around strains was detectable, therefore indicating that immobilized cell prepared for
fermnatation process is an attractive source for succinic acid applications. . Key words: succinic
acid, immobilized cell, glycerol residue, characterization 1. INTRODUCTION Over the last decade,
succinic acid have been attracted a great deal of world attention with its excellent organic compound
and key compound in producing more than 30 commercially important product which lead to many
promising applications. (Agarwal et al., 2005). Succinic acid mostly produced by chemical
processes which is using liquefield petroleum gas or petroleum

Optical, Morphological And Photoluminescence Spectroscopic...
Optical, morphological and photoluminescence spectroscopic studies of PVA/AgNO3films after γ
irradiation xxxxxxxxx
Abstract
In this paper, PVA–AgNO3 films were prepared by casting method. Then irradiated with different
gamma doses (25, 50, 75, 100, 125 KGy). UV–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope,
EDX and photoluminescence spectroscope were used to characterize the prepared films. UV–visible
absorption spectra showed a peak at 200 nm for PVA. And a peak at 427 nm for the surface plasmon
resonance of silver nanoparticles. This peak increases with gamma doses until 125 KGy, its decrease
for front surface. And increase continuously with gamma doses on the back surface. SEM images
and EDX spectra showed that the silver appear on the front surface as silver atoms, and with
increasing the gamma doses is disappeared and then appear at the back surface at the highest doses
(125 KGy) as a nanorods.. While PL intensity decrease for front surface and increase for back
surface as the γ doses is increased.
Keywords: UV–Vis spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, PL spectroscopy.
1– Introduction.
Preparation, characterization, and physical properties of a nanostructure materials of silver
(nanoparticles and nanocomposites) have been the subject of various researcher in many scientific
laboratories during the past years for many studies and it has been also established that size,
stability, color, shape, and properties

External Factors: Environmental Analysis
Environmental Analysis
Environmental analysis is a process for identifying all external and internal elements that can affect
the performance of the organization and evaluating the level of threat or opportunity they present.
Opportunity and threat assessments are then incorporated into decision making process in order to
better align strategies with the organizations environment (Investor Words, 2015). Every destination
needs to know about their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
Israel is a holy place for the 3 major Abrahamic religions of the world i.e. Judaism, Christianity and
Islam (Levit, 2008, p. 7). 22% defined the goal of their visit to Israel as a pilgrimage, 27% arrived
for sightseeing and travel, and 9% for a vacation. In total, 58% defined the goal of their visit as
touristic, 26% arrived to see relatives and friends, and 8% came for businesses purposes and
conferences. Sixty–four percent of tourists stayed in hotels, 25% with relatives/friends, 4% in youth
hostels and Christian guesthouses, and 3% stayed in self–owned or rented apartments (Reinstein,
2014). This shows that Israel has scope to increase and extend their hospitality towards the tourist.
Environmental analysis consists of the macro environmental scanning. It is classified as following.
 Political factors
 Economical Factors
 Socio Cultural Factors
 Technological Factors
 Ecological factors
 Legal factors
MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEMS:
The marketing information system (MIS)

Environmental Scanning Paper
Environmental Scanning Kendra McQueen MGT/498 March 14, 2016 Amy Novoa Environmental
Scanning Environmental scanning is an overarching term encompassing the monitoring, evaluation,
and dissemination of information relevant to the organizational development of a strategy (Wheelen,
Hunger, & Hoffman, Bamford, 2015,). The use of an environmental scan can analyze the
competitive advantage of a company, evaluate the strategies a company uses to gain an advantage
over their competitors and create value and examine the measurement guidelines and the
effectiveness of those guidelines to authenticate strategic effectiveness. Researchers have found a
definite connection between profits and environmental scanning. Internal and External ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the size of the company and vast selection of products, suppliers offer huge discounts.
Walmart has ventured into the global market with the purchase of ASDA, the United Kingdom–
based retailer. Weaknesses: Controlling an organization as large as Walmart is a massive
undertaking. The quality of customer services has suffered. Consumers are displeased by rumors of
unfair labor practices alleged by Walmart employees. Supply and demand have also been a problem
for the retailer because due to cost disputes with suppliers. The quality of goods has also been
questioned by consumers. Walmart has failed to create a strong presence in other countries.
Opportunities: Walmart can venture into other countries and form a global relationship with other
companies. The retailer could learn from other companies and offer home delivery for their internet
sales. Walmart could also venture into the convenience store market to save consumers money.
Threats: Threats that Walmart face includes the resistance of smaller local vendors that dislike the
large retailer coming into their town and taking the business. Competition from similar businesses is
also likely. Consumer trust is a threat to Walmart, and the company has been accused of
overworking and underpaying employees, unsafe environmental practices, overworking and
underpaying employees, and purchasing cheap products from

Analysis Of Accor Hotels : Company Profile
Accor has extensive brand portfolio where 240,000 hoteliers with same shared passion for
welcoming, located in 95 countries, in 4,100 addresses and 570,000 rooms ("Accor Hotels: company
profile", 2016). The luxury brands under Accor Hotels are Raffles, Fairmont, Sofitel, Onefinestay,
Mgallery, Grand Mercure, The Sebel, Pullman, Swissotel, Novotel, Suite Novotel, Mercure, Mama
Shelter, Adagio/ Adagio Access and economy and economy brands are IBIS, IBIS Styles, IBIS
Budget, and Hotel F1("Accor", 2016).
2. Analysing the macro– environment of Accor Hotels
Macro environment comprises external forces that organisation cannot directly control, instead
organisation need to manage their macro environment in a way that benefits them ("The Macro
Environment & Pest Analysis", 2016). The PESTLE analysis is the most widely recognized
approach for considering the external business environment (Gupta, 2013). PESTLE analysis stands
for Political, Economic, Social, and Technological, Legal and environmental analysis and describe a
framework of macro environmental factors utilized as a part of the environmental scanning
component of strategic management. Generally, all the PESTLE factors might not important for all
types of industry its depends up industry nature or size. This PESTLE analysis is based on Accor
Hotels in Australia which is a famous and globally recognise hospitality brand.
I. Economic factors
Economic factors included assessing potential changes to the economy`s inflation

Comparative Evaluation On Surface Quality Of Gfrp Composites
Comparative Evaluation on Surface Quality of GFRP Composites by Different End mill Tools
I.S.N.V.R.Prasanth
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, St Mary's integrated campus,
Hyderabad, India, prasanth5109@gmail.com
D.V. Ravishankar
Professor and Principal T.K.R.CET, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, shankardasari@rediffmail.com
M. Manzoor Hussain
Professor and Principal, J.N.T.U Sultanpur, India, manzoorjntuh@gmail.com
Abstract
Utilization of fiber reinforced composites for engineering applications is gaining importance to
derive many advantages such as manufacturing process flexibility, high strength to weight ratio. The
machining of composites is always not preferred because of the structural disturbances generally
occur due to damages caused by machining forces to the fiber matrix interfaces, which in turn leads
to the reduction in the mechanical properties of composite as a whole. However machining is
necessary in special situations where the dimensional tolerances are to be maintained very close in
the case of the composites mating with the other components.
The present work aims at identifying the better milling process parameters to obtain better finish
across the machined surface with minimum damage. This paper indeed comparison discussions
about the machined surface generated by milling operation for a given tool signatures of two fluted
specially designed carbide tipped end mill cutter and four fluted solid carbide end mill tools by the

An Effective And Mind Blowing Discovery
In 2014, a group of scientists; including Nichola C. Garbett, Michael L. Merchant, C. William Helm,
Alfred B. Jenson, Jon B. Klein and Jonathan B. Chaires, discovered an effective and mind–blowing
discovery – to use a heat profile from a person's blood, known as a plasma thermogram and the use
of calorimetry and heat formation to identify whether an individual is suffering from symptoms of
cervical cancer, determined through the shape of their heat profile graph. Each of these scientists are
actively involved in Medicine and Health Studies, also obtaining a background in Chemistry and
Biology as a result of these pathway choices. Scientists; Nichola C. Garbett, Jonathan B. Chaires
and Alfred B. Jenson are co–inventors on patent applications describing the DSC plasma
thermogram technology for which Louisville Bioscience, Inc. The Louisville Bioscience, Inc holds
an exclusive license from the University of Louisville. Jonathan B. Chaires and Alfred B. Jenson are
founders and shareholders of the Louisville Bioscience, Inc; likewise, Nichola C. Garbett is a
founder, shareholder and employee of the Louisville Bioscience, Inc. Whereas many of the other
scientists are involved heavily within education programs, working as professors and assistant
professors in universities across the United States.
2. Within the current year of 2016, an estimate of 1,500 women in the United States will be
diagnosed with cervical cancer and an estimate of 400 deaths will occur this year from this

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Digital...
In traditional time all information's including books, journals articles, manuscripts, photographs etc.
are recorded in leaves, clay tablets, papers and same materials are kept in the libraries. After
development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) maximum information are
publishing in digital format. Currently various software are available for convert the print format to
digital format. It is called digital resources. The digital information's are save the space for library.
For example Encyclopaedia Britannica are published 32 volumes set in print format but same
information's are available in CD–ROM, DVD and online.
Since development of ICT maximum libraries, librarians, publishers and producers are adopting the
various hardware ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Minimum spaces are required for store the digital information.
2. There are various search option available for search the digital information and it is easily
retrieve.
3. Data of digital information's can safely store.
4. Digital information's can preserve in various form and every forms are easily accessible.
5. Hyperlinks are easily created in digital information and it is helpful to users.
6. Digital information's are easily share to another user within a second.
7. Simultaneously multiple users can access the same digital information and it is the most important
benefit to users.
Hardware and Software are used in Digitization:
Generally, digitization in itself is not a method of preservation, it helps to protect valuable
documents. It allows the preservation of a reproduction of the document from the source of original
document and creating multiple copying they can access multiple user, with due respect for other
rights, to the content. The digital copies are define the choice of resolution used and bit depth they
have an impact on costs, production as well as the long –term preservation. The audio and video
documents, are digitization is the only for long –term preservation, they can easily replay of audio
and video

Creative Writing: Hi I M Danielle The Dinoflagellates
Hi I'm Danielle the dinoflagellates. I am the largest Noctiluca, and may be as large as 2 mm in
diameter! Or I could be as small as 15 to 40 microns. Now you may thinking what is this, well I'm
going to tell you. For one I am photosynthetic which means that I can create my own food from the
sun and provide food for other organisms. I live in freshwater with other really cool and crazy
creatures. I am basically algae or plankton. I am usually red,green, or multicolored. Now I'm going
to start telling you about some of my friends. My best friend of all time is Pam the pediastrum. Pam
is so pretty she looks like a star. Pam is green and is a plant. Some people also say that she is algae
or plankton. She cannot live without nitrogen, which she

Optical Properties Of Thick Metal Nanohole Arrays
2. Optical properties of thick metal nanohole arrays fabricated by electron–beam and nanosphere
lithography.
INTRODUCTION
Extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) through nanohole arrays has been concentrated broadly in
several aspects, including the hypothesis and confirmation of its origin parameters influencing its
intensity, the optical properties, for example like its transmission spectra and divergence. Several
parameters including the refractive index of the medium on the metal film surface, the wavelength
and condition of polarization of the incident light, the holes shape and periodicity of the structures
change the spectral behavior in term of intensity and position of the transmitted peaks. The
structures that support EOT have discovered their applications in numerous fields including visible
spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, sub–wavelength optics, nonlinear optics, and photolithography.
As the EOT is influenced by parameters like the shape and periodicity of the holes, devices made in
light of this marvel will be more sensitive and supports larger selectivity. Regardless of these
advantages a large portion of existing use of EOT has been acknowledged on the structures with
limited region of coverage. Because of the constrained techniques and choices for fabrication of
such structures, the EOT–based devices were fabricated with finite array sizes. This paper deals with
two methods that deals with two methods to produce arrays of nanoholes with sizes of

How Does Woolworth Use The Competitive Intelligence Cycle...
In order for Woolworths to form strategies and make strategic decisions, they need to scan their
internal and external environment. By gathering this information, it allows them to understand
where they currently are in the environment, what their capabilities are and how they can utilize
these two elements by integrating them to achieve a sustainable, competitive advantage. As a result,
they are able to sense environmental change and easily adapt their internal elements to suit the
needed changed (Louw & Venter, 2010). This can be represented by the following framework :
We recommend that Woolworths use the competitive intelligence cycle to constantly scan their
external environment. They will first plan, identify key intelligence topics, then actually collet,
evaluate and analyse the data for their benefit. They need to analyse from all sources such as
competitors and customers and may also be indirect like observing what the community needs.
Woolworths should dedicate considerable resources to this cycle and encourage everyone who
works for them to be aware of and share this information, which has since been converted to
knowledge, as a competitive tool to get ahead of competitors.
The internal data created by Woolworths needs to be converted to meaning and useful information
for the strategic mangers to utilize in forming strategic plans. Woolworths will store all of this data
in data warehouses and then mine this data to find patterns and

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ( Ftir )
In vitro dissolution studies Relative in vitro dissolution behaviour of pure docetaxel and optimized
SNEP was assessed in simulated gastric fluid without enzyme (500 mL; pH 1.2; 37±0.5°C) as
dissolution medium using USP type II paddle apparatus (Electrolab, India) at a paddle rotation speed
of 50 rpm. At predetermined time points, an aliquot of 5 mL was withdrawn and equal volume of the
fresh dissolution medium was replaced to maintain the medium volume constant. All the samples
were filtered using Millipore membrane filter (0.45 µm, Millipore, USA), diluted and the
concentration of docetaxel was assayed by HPLC. Various dissolution parameters such as
dissolution efficiency (DE), mean dissolution time (MDT), initial dissolution rate (IDR), and mean
dissolution rate (MDR) were calculated to assess the dissolution profiles [29,30]. Solid state
characterization Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) FTIR spectrum of the samples was
recorded by KBr disc method using Perkin Elmer FT–IR Spectrometer (Paragon 1000, PerkinElmer,
Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) to illustrate the promising interactions among components used in
the formulation. Powder sample (4 mg) and IR grade dry potassium bromide (KBr; 200 mg) were
mixed gently in a glass mortar, compacted to form the disk by applying a force of 5.5 metric tons
using a hydraulic press. The corresponding disks were scanned over the wave number range of
4000–400 cm–1 at a scanning speed of 4 scans /s with a resolution of 1 cm–1

Structure Properties Of The Polymers
I. Concept – Properties of the polymers are determined by the molecular structure that comprises
these polymers (Structure–Property Relationships).
A precise conclusion of the properties can be obtained if we have exact information about its
chemical structure and the force that prevails between the atoms and the molecules (intermolecular
and intramolecular forces)
Structure of the polymer can be described at various levels. From the chemical structure (i.e. its
molecular formula) it can be determined which elements are present and in what ratio.
Properties that can be determined based on their chemical structure
i. From backbone – Linearity, Flexibility, Strength, Oxidation stability, etc.
Examples:
C ¬– C: helps determine flexibility, Low barrier to torsion, but sensitive to chemical attack.
C = C: helps determine Stiffness, Higher Strength, and High barrier to torsion in solids.
Aromatic Rings: Helps determine rigidity in liquids, and higher strength in solids.
Aromatic Ladder: Helps determine Ultimate rigidity. Etc.
ii. From side groups – Solubility, Crystallinity, Surface properties, Steric properties, Polar
interaction between same chain or different chains, etc.
Examples:
Hydrogen as side group
C – H: Helps determine hydrophobic, sensitive to free radicals, insensitive to various chemicals. If
side group with backbone C – C than determines minimum barrier to torsion, etc.
Alkyl groups as side units
Aryl groups as side units
Mesogenic side groups.

Mugg & Bean Marketing Analysis
The world is ever changing, businesses are constantly trying to find ways to improve and stay ahead
in their respective markets. One must be the very best at what one does in order to survive.
In order to be the best , the Famous Brands subsidiary, Mugg & Bean should be in touch with the
world around them. It is necessary to engage in Environmental scanning, which is a 360° process
done externally as well as internally. Environmental scanning should be done continually in order to
ensure that Mugg & Bean functions at optimal level.
Environmental scanning will be performed by making use of various tools which can be used to
analyse the Micro, Market and Macro environments respectively.
A SWOT Analysis will be performed in order to analyse ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The menu has been designed to meet the needs of any consumer on the lookout for pleasant, yet
informal dining experience. Their target market is the 25–49 year category and their LSM is 8–10.
Mugg & Bean's Target Market is Families and friends, business meetings as well as relax and pass
time customers. The business has three trading formats for consumers to choose from, namely the
standard–full sit down experience, Mugg & Bean Metro and finally Mugg & Bean of the move. A
Mugg & Bean patron is someone who is unpretentious and someone who feels relaxed in a
comfortable environment. In short, a customer who frequents Mugg & Bean is an individual who
can identify value for money, an individual who has a healthy appetite and a person searching for
convenience. Their menu is constantly being innovated so as to ensure that the brand remains unique
and a popular choice amongst consumers.(The menu is updated every winter and summer.) Wining
the Caxton Leisure Options "Best Coffee Bar" category for 13 consecutive years is by far one of the
brand's most notable

Environmental Scanning
ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING
Environmental scanning is a process of gathering, analyzing, and dispensinginformation for tactical
or strategic purposes. The environmental scanning processentails obtaining both factual and
subjective information on the businessenvironments in which a company is operating or considering
entering.Environmental scanning is the process in which a firm continually collects andevaluates
information about its external environment. There are six main categoriesof environmental data to
consider when evaluating marketing decisions. These aresocial forces, demographic forces,
economic forces, technological forces, politicaland legal forces, and competitive forces.
There are several marketing procedures to consider ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While some of the demand drivers are off–shoots of favourable growth in the Indian economy,
others have come by due to the comprehensive development of the Automobile segment.
The key demand drivers for the automobile segment are shown below:
Increase in income levels and thus purchasing power: Increase in disposable incomes have made
cars affordable to a larger section of the population. While the ratio of car prices to average monthly
salaries was around 36 – 48 months in the past, it has dropped significantly to less than 24 months
currently. This is also a result of decreasing automobile prices with increasing efficiency in
production and stiff competition in the market.
Gradual shift to higher segment passenger vehicles: B and C segments have emerged as high growth
segments over the last few years. In 2001–02, the A segment accounted for around 28% of sales
while in 2004–05 it accounted for only 14%. At the same time, the demand for premium vehicles
has also grown significantly, though the volumes are still low compared with other segments. The
trend in segmental sales is poised to undergo a sea change with the launch of high volume selling
Tata Nano and other players eyeing to get into the ultra low–cost segment.
Availability of a wider range of products: The number of players as well as the number of products
in the auto OEM space has

The Necessity Of Careful Environmental Scanning Essay
Every successful organization uses the five management functions; but not many can compare with
the United States Armed Forces. I am currently serving in the United States Air Force and this
organization has effectively applied the five management functions, because its existence depends
on those five functions. From the initial planning to the final execution steps, we perform all five
functions in our day–to–day operations in flawless manners and pride ourselves in the job well done.
The Air Force is constantly engaging in the five management functions; their operations are well
led, organized, carefully planned, staffed, and constantly evaluated. I do not believe there is any
organization other than the military where you would see these five functions linking so well
coordinated. Planning
"Planning is a systematic process in which managers make decisions about future activities and the
key goals that the organization will pursue. The necessity of careful environmental scanning has an
immediate impact on planning processes" (Reilly, Minnick, and Baack, 2011, sec. 7.2). Making
plans for future activities is one of the Air Force's key functions; without planning its subordinate
commands would deteriorate and lose focus on mission objectives and the quality of work. In the
Air Force each career field has a different method for planning depending on the mission. I find the
planning phase in the Air Force to be very effective because it is important for employees or

Lindow Man Anthropology
Archaeology is the study of the ancient past, through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
During the development of archaeology, various different kinds of scientific techniques have been
established to aid in archaeological investigation. Recent archaeological techniques and processes
such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and Radiocarbon Dating are
utilised to help better understand a civilisation, specifically the site of Lindow Man. These modern
methods have supported in recognizing Lindow Man's identity and important information regarding
his death such as his appearance, his stomach content, what he had eaten prior death and his age.
This information has since helped lead scientists to believe in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Encyclopaedia Britannica also states that it is "proved to be a versatile technique of dating fossils
and archaeological specimens from 500 to 50,000 years old" (1998). This method of age
determination is dependent upon the decay of nitrogen and radiocarbon (Carbon–14)
(Encyclopaediea Britannica, 1998; Opinions of Radiocarbon Dating, 2011). Carbon–14 is
continually formed in nature by the interaction of neutrons with nitrogen–14 in the Earth's
atmosphere (Encyclopaediea Britannica, 1998; Opinions of Radiocarbon Dating, 2011) and all
living things exchange the gas carbon–14 with the atmosphere surrounding them. The amount of
carbon–14 exchanged into the living organism is perfectly balanced with its surroundings, but when
an organism dies, they stop taking in the gas and that equilibrium is damaged. Because Carbon–14
slowly decays at a known rate called its "half–life" in a dead organism, scientists can figure out how
long ago it had stopped exchanging carbon with its atmosphere. Thus, its age can be determined by
measuring the amount of Carbon–14 in a sample (Hirst, 2017; Opinions of Radiocarbon Dating,
2017; Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit Research Laboratory for Archaeology, n.d.; Earthsky,
2017; Cram, 1993). With the utilisation of Radiocarbon Dating, scientists have been able to discover
that Lindow

American Automotive Industry Environmental Scanning
Environmental scanning is a critical piece of the planning process in the POLC framework and
"means that planners must be aware of the critical contingencies facing their organization in terms
of economic conditions, their competitors, and their customers." (Carpenter, M., & Bauer, T. (2009).
Introduction to Principles of Management. In Principles of management (p. 9). Nyack, N.Y.: Flat
World Knowledge.) The American auto industry is no exception to this fact and must face the
impact of shifts in global competition and changing consumer expectations on their industry. The
global recession that started in 2007 has impacted the American and worldwide automobile industry
by forcing corporations out of business, into bankruptcies and corporate restructurings. There have
also been changes in the supply chain of components that go into these vehicles due to the same
economic hardships hitting the companies that provide the components. The global demand for
automobiles is rising and emerging markets in the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China) as
well as an increased appetite for higher margin vehicles in North America will create opportunities
for the auto industry if it can properly plan and forecast sales growth and consumer demand. "Apart
from sales volume growth, four challenges will shape the near and medium–term future. The
industry response to these challenges could raise profitability...these challenges will matter much
more for established markets than for emerging

And Differences: Similaristics Of Zooplankton
1)
All copepods live or are suspended in water environments or lakes. They're very small organisms
that are major components of fresh zooplanktons.
2)
Similarities:
They're both of the same size, 1 mm.
They're both marine organisms/animals that live in water environments like oceans or lakes.
Differences:
The color of the zooplankton contains red, blue, and a kind of white/transparent color, while the
copepod pairs are entirely yellow.
The body parts of the zooplankton appear almost transparent in the areas of no color, and major
body components that help organisms move like legs, aren't clear here. However, the body parts,
like the legs, of the copepod pairs are clear and can be seen through the image.
3)
This red bread mold is considered a model organism by scientists.
This organism is easy to grow, has a sequenced entire gamete, it also has a haploid life cycle (n),
which makes it easier for scientists to perform genetic analysis on the organism.
4)
The dissecting scope has a lower magnification ability than the compound and electron microscopes.
It can magnify up ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the dissecting microscope has resolution and magnification, although not as high or as
great as the other microscopes, it is needed by samples or subjects like the one above. The live
earthworm is an organism that can be seen by the simple eye with no aid, but sometimes, if you

want detailed 3D imagery of the subject, without having limitations in size, the dissecting
microscope is the best choice. Here, the dissecting microscope would provide a more detail, higher
resolution than the simple eye, and greater magnification than the simple eye, also, a 3D image. The
image might not be very clear, but it provides details that cannot be seen by the naked

Country Club Internal Environmental Scanning
Introduction Internal environmental scanning refers to a process whereas an organization evaluates
their strengths and weaknesses. This information can then be utilized by leaders to design new
objectives and strategies or even modify the existing objectives and strategies. Although The Venice
Golf and Country Club (VGCC) have unique features which add valuable strength to the business
strategy, it is not immune to weakness. Internal environmental scanning is important to any
organization when planning the future and is a crucial part of strategy development. It is through this
scanning that the organization can assess its strengths and weaknesses. Understanding these is the
first step in be able to plan, adapt, evolve as well as identify exact ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Developing a clear and precise vision which is in line with the mission of the organization is very
useful in ensuring organization success. A clear vision helps in improving the organization's image
and thus attracting more customers and maintaining the existing members. A clear vision may also
be utilized as a promotional tool. In an interview with the VGCC Board President, John Cohoon, he
asserted that the club's vision is "to be the most desirable private country club in Southwest Florida."
This vision has remained unchanged since inception about four years ago. To ensure that it attains its
vision and mission, the club developed a Long–Range Plan, which incorporates SWOTS and critical
goals of the club. The mission of the club is "to deliver premier golf, dining, recreational as well as
social experiences that consistently exceed our members' expectations by employing a service–
oriented staff and ensuring a strong club for the current and future members" (VGCC, n.d.).
According to the Club's president, both Vision and Mission has helped the club to move forward
over the past years as it has helped the Club's staff as well as Board of Directors to remain

Environmental Scanning of Nintendo
1. Environnemental scanning
Macro Environment
Macro environment is said to be the most general layer of the environment. This consists of broad
environmental factors that have an impact on the organization. The PESTEL framework helps us to
identify the future trends which might impinge on Nintendo and therefore identify the key drivers of
change. On the other hand the five forces framework helps to understand how the competitive
dynamics within and around the video game industry are changing.
PESTEL Framework:
This categorizes environmental influences into six main types: political, economic, social,
technological, environmental and legal.
Political:
Factors such as taxation policies, foreign trade regulations and social welfare ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Also, games have an influence to the culture of people; bring aggression in children, etc all which
have an impact on the industry.
Technological:
The role of technology is vital in this industry as it focuses on technological efforts for competitive
advantage. Every new development uses new technology. Though there are restricted innovations in
the gaming industry, the speed of technological transfer is very high. Nintendo's role from playing
cards to toys to video games and then with each console introduced, included many technological
changes. Technological up gradation increased hardware costs and discouraged innovation. The
online capability of Nintendo Wii was a major change in the technology of the video game industry
though they were not able to do as well as their competitors (Sony, Microsoft).
Environmental:
The video game industry uses a lot of plastic resources. Playing games on television or computers
does consume a lot of power. Nintendo therefore see to it that their games utilize low power. On the
other hand protecting the environment and practicing a "green" lifestyle is a value many of today's
parents are trying to teach their children. Nintendo facilitates in that effort through the creation of
"Super Mario Sunshine"", which challenge players to improve the environment around them.
Legal:

The legal issues faced by the video game industry include trademarks, copyrights, licensing, online
ownership, revenue recognition and demands of

Holy Cross Mountains Lab Report
Background
The Holy Cross Mountains are a Paleozoic fold belt composed of a series of map scale folds with a
variable wavelength (1 to over 8km), amplitudes (0.2 to 1km) and geometry wise the fold are open
to isoclinal (orientation of the fold axes is 95–120 degree). It's located in the contact zone between
the Paleozoic platform and the East European Craton. Lysogory and Kielce are the two regions
considered as structural facies units and also fold zones for the tectonic sub–division. 1926 is the
beginning of tectonic subdivision of the Holy Cross Mountains by Jan Samsonowicz. "This history
is evidenced by the sedimentary rocks representing every period from the Cambrian to Jurassic
outcropped in this region". The sample I received is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Green Rivers Shale Fig 14: Holy Cross Shale and Green river shale
Holly cross 1 to 2 % expansion that tell you that nothing really came out of the rock
Green river shale expends like 50 % the reason it expends hydrocarbon has to come out from the
inside to the outside the reason is its pore permeability and porosity. Green river does that by
creating cracks inside the rock. That's what fracking is Creating 'breaking from the inside process f
creating. Usually big company use explosive etc.
The difference between the Holy Cross Shale and Green river Shale is Green river shale is cracking
constantly expanding when is done is ashes is all soft.
IV Conclusion
Holly Cross Shale did not expand very much which means it is hardly cracking at all. Once cut in
half, it was still black; nothing in the inside came out that is much harder much denser does have
low permeability and probably small pores.
In Holly Cross Shale there is basically nothing substantial. I don't see any realease of ions, most of
the hydrocarbons are still in the rock. The few picks are nitrogen oxygen so we can conclude that
with the Holly cross shale is whatever is on the outside because nothing from the inside came out
even after heating up to 800 °

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Microorganisms
1. Biofilms
Microorganisms, like most other species on this planet, are also well acquainted with the benefits of
joining hands together as a single community. Sometimes, in response to various factors, a biofilm
may be formed. A biofilm is a community of bacterial cells, enclosed within a self–produced matrix
of Extracellular Polymeric Substance (EPS)1. In simpler terms, it means that bacteria can join
together on a surface, living or non–living, and form a protective matrix around the entire group.
This matrix is generally composed of extracellular DNA, polysaccharides and proteins. Also, the
microbial cells growing in a biofilm undergo physiological changes, as a result of which they are
different from planktonic cells of the same organism (single–cells that may float around in a liquid
medium).
Formation of biofilms offers the microorganisms various advantages; it enables transfer and sharing
of genetic material, metabolic by–products, it also provides shelter during environmental changes,
offers an increased tolerance to antimicrobials and also protection from the immune system of the
host organism. Clearly, biofilms are well equipped to cause diseases in various organisms. The
microbes attach themselves to surfaces, initially using weak Vander Waal's forces. However, if they
are not separated, they attach ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the voltage is higher, the wavelength of the electron beam is much smaller (from De–Broglie's
relation) and hence, the TEM has a better resolution than the SEM. The resolution of the TEM is
about 0.2nm. In this microscope, the image is formed by capturing the transmitted electrons, rather
than the scattered electrons. An image–recording system is used, which converts the electron image
into some form perceptible to the human eye. It usually consists of a fluorescent screen for viewing
and focusing the image and it might include a digital camera for permanent

External And External Environmental Factors That Influence...
A global firm operates in more than one country and captures the know–how, production, supply
chain, marketing strategies and financial advantages that are not available to purely domestic
competitors. Planning, operating, and coordinating activities are done on a world–wide basis by a
global firm. Cultural, economic, administrative and geographic arbitrage can create potential
advantages.
Business environment is sum of all forces which act and influence a business. There are internal
environmental factors and external environmental factors which can influence each other and work
together to affect a business. The business environment is never static and never predictable. The
entire organisation whether they are commercial, charities, government ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
(Kotler, Koshi, Jha; 2012)
Market Attractiveness–
By evaluating the market potential in terms of revenues, attractiveness of the market could be
assessed. The revenue and profit potential in terms of revenues that can be judged on the basis of the
level of initial investment required in establishing the operations, the gestation period, the industry
structure, and the number and degree of obstacles that the company must face besides competition
that is the macro environmental factors.
Capability of the company If and only if the company is capable of expanding its branches abroad in
terms of both resources and capital, it will step into global market. The company will analyse its
own capabilities, core competencies, effect of competitors in foreign market and availability of
substitutes in order to launch itself in the global

The Torus Shaped Vessel
2.3 Diverter Applications
The diverter is located at the bottom of the torus shaped vessel and is designed to extract heat from
the plasma as well as the 'exhaust fumes' of the reaction occurring which are helium and any
impurities from the first wall of the reactor. The basic concept of a diverter used within a tokamak
design can be understood better by looking at figure x which is a diagram of JET after it had a
divertor fitted. The separatrix is the last field line which contains the plasma. The magnetic field
transports the plasma to the diverters at the bottom as shown where the heat energy strikes the
diverter target plates and conducted to pipes where it is then removed through either a water or
helium cooling system and the 'exhaust gases' are extracted by a vacuum.
The diverter itself is made up of several components shown in figure x. The plasma facing
components are the two vertical targets and dome. A closer look at one of the vertical target in figure
x shows how the cooling system works with a pipe with cooling fluid flowing through it is fitted
through blocks of armour material which make up the targets.
Looking to the future as projects grow in size towards DEMO, which will be a functioning fusion
power plant, the demands on materials especially PFC's are going to increase. For ITER the plasma
facing components for the divertor are to be made of carbon fibre–reinforced carbon composite's
(CFC) and some sections tungsten armour materials but for DEMO

What Does Zno Nanoparticles Exhibit High Toxicity Against...
ZnO is an inorganic metal oxide with Wurtzite structure. ZnO nanoparticles have been extensively
studied in the field of catalysis, paints, cosmetics, solar cells, gas sensors and food packaging
materials [1–6]. It is due to their ease of preparation in different morphologies, low cost, UV
shielding properties, large surface to volume ratio, chemically alterable physical properties. The
effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on sex hormones and cholesterol in rat has also been reported [7].
Literature shows that ZnO nanoparticles exhibit high toxicity against bacteria but minimum effect
on human cells [8–9].
Clostridium perfringens is a bacterium that is usually responsible for food poisoning. Because the
toxin–encoding genes can be located on extra chromosomal elements or in variable regions of the
chromosome, several pathovars have arisen, each of which is involved in a specific disease [10]. It
has been estimated by the Centers for Diseases Control and the Food and Drug Administration of the
United States of America that around 30 million people every year fall sick due to the infections
caused by eating food which is contaminated [11,12]. Studies have shown that Salmonella enterica
is one amongst the more prevalent bacterial pathogens that causes food borne infections [11]. It is
estimated that the medical and productivity losses caused by this bacterium were of high order. [11].
The interaction between NPs and microorganisms and biomolecules is an expanding area of

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Environmental Scanning
Environmental scanning or Analysis involves business managers to study the external environment
variables for attaining good result as business operates in an environment. It is also termed as
environment monitoring. It is the process of gathering or collecting the information regarding
organization, analysing it and forecasting the impact of all predictable trends in environmental
changes. Successful marketing strategies are always dependent on such environmental scanning and
marketing programmes always depends on its environmental changes. At the same time,
environment scanning points towards interaction among various environmental factors.
Strategic management or business policy is treated as a means to achieve the organizational purpose.
The process of strategic management involves determining the mission and objectives, identifying
the opportunities and threats in an environment and evaluating ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Search and Scanning: If particular type of information is required regarding the business
environment, a proper research is conducted to have right conclusion.
3. Spying: It is considered as an unethical in business, even though some organization often uses
spying as a source to collect information.
4. Forecasting and Formal Studies: The information gathered by above three methods is used to
predict business environment. Such forecast is basically done by corporate planners of consultants.
1.10 LIMITATIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCANNING
Following are the main limitation of business environment analysis:
1. Unexpected and Unanticipated Analysis: Sometime business has to face the unexpected events, so
there will be no benefit of environmental analysis.
2. No sufficient Guarantee: Environmental analysis does not give any guarantee that the estimated
events will happen.
3. Uncritical Faith: Sometime the data used for the decision may be incorrect so it can be risky.
4. Too Much Information: Too much information related to the analysis will create the doubt in

Polytetrafluoroethylene
Polymers have been changing the way we live for over 100 years. Their availability and diverse
qualities ensure that they are always in high demand, and new polymers are always being
discovered. Where does this leave the now commonplace polymers which once were ubiquitous in
commerce? Polymers such as polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride (Bakelite) and
polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were first synthesised in 1907 and 1938 respectively, making them
old by polymer standards. Although the original polymer applications are now redundant, they have
found uses in new areas of society. This dynamic aspect of polymers is due to their unique structure.
Polymers are created from many small molecules (or monomers) reacting with each other, and
arranging ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was discovered in the 60s that a reaction between PTFE and magnesium produced a violent and
exothermic reaction. This occurred because magnesium is a highly reactive metal, which when
burned, gives of an intense, white light. (S.I.F., 2013) In addition, magnesium emits infrared when
burned, making it ideal for military use as a decoy flare. However, magnesium requires an oxidiser –
a material that takes electrons from the fuel allowing the reaction to take place. This is why flares
are made of PTFE and magnesium, as it is the fluorine in PTFE that allows the reaction to take
place. Fluorine is a proficient oxidiser, more so than oxygen, as it contains more gaps for valence
electrons, allowing the reaction to obtain a higher temperature of combustion. Figure 6 shows
magnesium's preference for reacting with the fluorine in teflon over oxygen to form MgF2(l), a
discovery made in an experiment undertaken by L.V. de Yong and K.J. Smit in

The Structural Change Of Silver Nannoparticles
Systematic studies on the structural change of silver nanoparticles, which are easy to change shape
and exhibit excellent localized surface plasmon resonance effect, were carried out and the predicted
shape change was compared to the actual nanoparticles. Herein, key information on the alteration of
silver nanoparticles was determined theoretically by a computational method, discrete dipole
approximation (DDA). The galvanic reaction and sulfidation reaction were suggested to improve the
stability of silver nanoprism (AgNP). In addition, the effect of additionally generated spherical
particles, silver nanosphere (AgNS), on the absorbance was studied. Both AgNP and AgNS formed
hollow nanostructure after the galvanic reaction, and these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The ﬁrst solution for the scattering and absorption properties of a spherical nanoparticle was
provided by Mie et al. [10,11]. Since the initial development of Mie theory, it is now well known
that the strong optical properties of plasmonic nanoparticles result from an induced coherent
oscillation of the free conduction–band electrons within the plasmonic nanoparticle. Thus, in our
previous studies [12,13], bimetallic Au/Ag nanoframes with excellent LSPR feature were prepared
via the galvanic replacement reaction and sulfidation and successfully used as the spectator for
Co2+ ion. However, there is no theoretical interpretation of color changes with structural
transformation of Au/Ag nanoframes from Ag nanoprisms. Therefore, herein, we used a theoretical
approach to determine the key information on the alteration of Ag nanoparticles by using a
computational method, discrete dipole approximation (DDA). It is very adaptive to deal with
various particle shapes, not just limited to highly symmetrical geometries. DDA is used to estimate
the optical properties of plasmonic materials responding to external electrical ﬁeld through dipole
moments of discretized dipoles [14–17]. The absorbance of the particles was calculated by the
Discrete Dipole Scattering (DDSCAT ver. 7.3), which was used to design highly stable nanoparticles
with absorbance in the visible

Environmental Scanning And Key Risk Indicators

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Environmental Scanning And Key Risk Indicators

Similar to Environmental Scanning And Key Risk Indicators (20)

More from Amy Moore

More from Amy Moore (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Environmental Scanning And Key Risk Indicators