Bal Case Study Essay

Bal Case Study Essay
BAL Case Study
Josh Clark
PMAC 2001714
Executive Summary
The continued advances in procurement and information technologies, have presented BAL an
opportunity to build on initiatives put in place since 1999. The P–Card initiative has produced cost
savings through the shortening of procurement process for non traceable generic goods, but new e–
based initiatives must be sought to further stream line the bidding and contracting process.
One tool presently available is e–buy. A tool developed with other large buyers and our Parent
company Boeing. Since 80% of the procurement transactions are for these "day–to–day" buys, it is
imperative these new processes target this segment. Making the process dimplier and more efficient
on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To facilitate this, real time availability of web based data needs to be provided the ADF on project
status. Presently, this is a problem due to our "legacy" systems we now have in place.
Criteria
Any decision we make, in regards to system upgrades, must take into account the core directive of
our business – "To create shareholder value through the provision of customer focused space
communications' and system support solutions." – BAL Vision Statement. We have implemented
various procurement initiatives since 1999, and must continue to look at ways to lower over all cost
and to create added value, to both our shareholders and customers. We are in the business of
"System Support", and cannot continue to "sit on the fence" in the age of continued technological
advances in procurement practices. If we do, we run the risk of losing our strategic advantage
amongst our competitors, and alienating our most important customer, the ADF. Because of the size
of BAL, a complete "cleansing" and re–tooling of our present system could be cost prohibitive.
Analysis
After analyzing the BAL situation, and recommendations from the MMPC, I have come to the
following realizations concerning the legacy systems we have in place, our alternatives and the
directions we need to head in regarding future procurement practices, systems and supplier/customer
management. 1. E–Commerce
While the P–card program has been successful in reducing procurement process times, it is

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Boeing Australia Limited Executive Summary
Boeing Australia Limited – E procurement
Executive Summary
As Russell Menere, I recommend the management of Boeing Australia Limited to follow the
footsteps of Boeing US to adopt and implement cost effective e–Procurement system, which can be
interfaced with the legacy information system as we have IT infrastructure in place that is our core
strength.
Through e–Procurement system we can improve redundancies in the business process and
operations, gain in productivity by upgrading procurement processes. Cost savings by reducing
processing time, rationalization of a large number of BAL suppliers and maintaining relationship
with Key Suppliers. Investing in an e–procurement system BAL would seek short term
improvement tool that would ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These vendors are to be given a visibility of the order size during the contract period so that they can
weigh their options.
Criteria
The Boeing Company's vision is interpreted according to the organization of the various divisions
who are committed to the corporate vision by keeping customer as center and cost reduction with a
good quality.
Reverse Auction
A reverse auction is an electronic auction where buyers enter requirements, and
Suppliers bid to provide the required goods and services. It is conducted in real–time,
And bidders see the offers of competitive bidders but no the names of the other
Bidders. The bidding prices move downwards as the auction progresses.

Essay on Boeing Austraila Limited
Executive Summary
As Russell Menere, I recommend the management of Boeing Australia Limited to follow the
footsteps of Boeing Seattle to adopt and implement cost effective e–Procurement system, which can
be interfaced with the legacy information system as we have IT infrastructure in place that is our
core strength.
Through e–Procurement system we can improve redundancies in the business process and
operations, gain in productivity by upgrading procurement processes. Cost savings by reducing
processing time, rationalization of a large number of BAL suppliers and maintaining relationship
with Key Suppliers.
Investing in an e–procurement system BAL would seek short term improvement tool that would
simplify the procurement process ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If BAL invests in expensive system, it will become BAL cost and the maintenance cost would be
larger and higher than the initial cost that is invested in the new system. If we have the high cost,
there are ways to press the cost, and one way is to bear it to the suppliers/vendors/clients – or
customers. By pressing down the price given by supplier, buying cheaper stuffs from suppliers or
setting expensive price to the customers ADF. If ADF –customer is not ready to bear it all, it might
cost BAL hard.
This is the reason why BAL does not want to give the cost to the suppliers and in turn charge their
customer hence decided not to invest into the sophisticated system being the strategy of the
company itself.
Taking the advantage of the new opportunity available through e–business technology, let us analyze
the e–Procurement system as a tool to interface with the existing BAL legacy information system.
E–procurement is a form of e–commerce which relates to B2B (business to business) relationships
end to end in sales (from supply side) and acquisition (from buyers side) of goods and services.
Various forms of e–Procurement, they are:
1) Electronics Data Interchange (EDI) – EDI ranges from file exchange for orders to e–mail for

routine purchases internally and externally at BAL. EDI uses wide area network (WAN) BAL's
information systems architecture encompasses connectivity in

Introduction Of Internet Based Procurement Essay
The term e–procurement gained popularity around the year 2000. Emergence of the two competitors
Ariba and Commerce One, companies that specialized in the support of electronic procurement for
MRO products, changed the way indirect MRO spend used to be looked upon. Introduction of
internet–based procurement applications prompted a change from a centrally organized procurement
(central buying) department to 'desktop procurement' environment, where the employee in need of a
product would initiate the purchase transaction electronically. With these two trends, 'decentralized
purchasing' and 'multi–vendor catalogues', the conduit toward electronic support of the MRO buying
process was paved. Thus, over the period, spend analysts have started observing carefully, to
increase spend under management and implement better control over tail spend in order to reduce
the amount of fulfilling formalities and time consumed in procuring these products.
Understanding E–Procurement in the MRO space
With the advent of Internet technology in the area of MRO, the procurement of indirect material
such as office supplies and services also became feasible for electronic support. Indirect
procurement is based on ad–hoc activities which are difficult to put into an electronically supported
workflow. Since the products needed in this area are less frequently bought and usually of low
value, companies shy away from maintaining material master data for indirect products. The study
of Subramaniam and

Case Study : Sony Music Entertainment Essay
3. Chapter 3. Case Study
3.1. Case Study I: SONY [10]
A case study for eProcurement and their success story well worth mentioning is the Sony Music
Entertainment. The company is currently the second largest recorded music company worldwide.
Sony reported a revenue of $4.89 billion dollars in 2014 and in synchronization with business
solutions provider, SAP, Sony has rolled–out implementing those solutions to more than fifteen
countries in Europe and Northern America. This Solution Deployment is still ongoing to expand to
other parts of the globe.
Three of the most important Sony Entertainment's goals are indicated to create an end–to–end
purchasing solutions, to gain visibility and control over spend against the budgets and make
procurement business processes more efficient.
 The Challenge:
The major challenge Sony Music Entertainment was facing was that the sale of traditional CDs have
declined and was basically converted largely to digital formats. They were seeking a global and
centralized solution to get better financial control specifically focusing on their marketing expenses.
With more than 43 locations around the globe, the challenge was significant.
 Solutions:
They partnered with a company called Determine, to create an end–to–end purchasing solution that
provided them with better visibility of their variable project costs. Determine, Inc. was established
in 1996 and is a leading provider of enterprise contract management, supply management, and
configuration

Purpose Of A Business Model For An E Procurement...
Introduction:
Executive Summary
The aim of this report is to help XYZ Micro Turbines better understand the opportunities and
challenges faced by leveraging an e–Procurement marketplace to conduct business, whilst
maintaining a bespoke e–business solution for their customers.
The internet and World Wide Web have changed how we conduct business for ever, the basics of
business remain the same, and a company with goods or services needs customers to purchase from
them. E–business refers to a broader definition of E–Commerce, not just the buying and selling of
goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and
conducting electronic transactions within the organization (Turban, et al., 2002). What makes e–
business different is the scope and range of the business/customer relationship. There is no longer
the need for a face–to–face physical transaction to take place in order to procure goods or services.
Through the use of technology e–business has revolutionised the way we think about and transact
business. Understanding the different type of business model available to organisations helps drive
their strategy. In this instance XYZ Micro Turbines wish to conduct business with its suppliers over
and established e–Procurement marketplace yet create a bespoke e–business solution for customer
purchases. This report aims to identify what XYZ Microturbines need to undertake to make sure
they are ready to implement their business

Benefits Of A Proactive Strategic Procurement Operation
INTRODUCTION
Every organisation requires goods and services from external suppliers or providers as no company
is an Island. These goods are to be acquired at the right time, right source, right quality of materials,
right quantity and also these goods are to be of the right price in order to give the organisation an
advantage over its competitors( competitive advantage) allowing it to generate greater sales and
retain more customers than its competition. We will be looking at HEWLETT–PACKARD.
Hewlett–Packard emphasis has gone beyond just reacting to the needs of users as and when they
arise, to a forward looking proactive approach. This reflects the contribution that the management
makes.
Procurement in the past ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Going to low–cost countries to source has plenty of advantages, but it has to be done right. ( The
Boston consulting Group 2008)
Hewlett–Packard is the case study of this work, procurement being a broad topic, we will
concentrate on three main areas for the purpose of these work. Brief understanding of them;
GLOBAL SOURCING:
Global sourcing can be simply defined as coordinating and integrating of procurement requirement
across worldwide business units. Mostly practised by large organisations because they are the ones
that have the need, leverages and facilities around the globe to enable them apply the process to gain
competitiveness from global sourcing. They are usually in a contract with other large corporations
who have the ability to supply the products to their sites located globally. Many organisations are
meeting the need for lower cost by moving to foreign countries where there are less regulations that
interferes with the manufacturing process, where they can find cheaper labour and thereby lower the
cost of basic plant, personnel cost and also operational cost. Sourcing and outsourcing which have
developed over time are the two basic methods of foreign manufacturing and it helps in making the
best choice for global supply chains. Some basic things need to be considered before outsourcing,
sometimes companies outsource when it does not make any sense. Eg if a

Advantages Of E-Procurement In Construction
2.4.3.1 Perceived benefits
Perceived benefits are referred to as the anticipated advantages of an e–procurement system that can
be provided to an organization. Among the existing studies are those on the benefits of e–
procurement, for example [69], [70], [71]. Aggregate findings of these researches shown that there
are many benefits of e–procurement in construction in relation to costs and time savings; improved
quality of construction products and services, client and user satisfaction, efficiency and
effectiveness in the management of construction projects. Organizations are likely to adopt an e–
procurement system if they believe it will yield positive or beneficial results.
2.4.3.2 Perceived Barriers
Laryea & Ibem [72] described barriers as those factors or circumstances that prevent the
implementation of an e–procurement system". Previous studies emphasized the need to understand
the barriers to adopting an information system [4], [72]. Eadie et al. [4] investigated the
impediments to the uptake of e–procurement in construction among construction companies in
Northern Ireland. The researchers identified the obstacles to the adoption of e–procurement across
the globe as related to low or lack of awareness of e–procurement, dearth of requisite skill and legal
and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some empirical studies have identified technological factors as an important determinant of e–
procurement adoption [62], [65]. Following the work of Soares–Aguiar & Palma [62] on
technological factors affecting e–procurement uptake, the study conceptualized technological factors
as technology readiness (reflecting the availability of IT resources required for the adoption of an e–
procurement system). Enterprises with robust IT infrastructure, IT expertise, IT compatibility and
security measures in place may risk the adoption of this new

European Business to Business Furniture Industry
MKT813
Business to Business Marketing
CASE 2
EUROPEAN B2B OFFICE FURNITURE INDUSTRY
PRESENTED BY:
Reema Badlani
Yogesh Badlani
Mayur Khanna
CASE STUDY
IN THE EUROPEAN B2B OFFICE FURNITURE INDUSTRY
E–commerce focuses on solutions that enable enterprises to reengineer their structures and become
flexible organizations that are able to corporate with their clients, suppliers, and partners. These
solutions help in creating value by improving collaboration, work specialization information sharing
and responsiveness. There is a two dimensional classification scheme of interfirm relation. In each
of these four typologies interfirm relations are identified: 1. Many to many (E–marketplace)– many
buyers and sellers are able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At the same time they also want to achieve lower costs, quality and speed in delivering through
manufacturing and distribution.
PORTFOLIO
They offer a wide range of product portfolio which includes desks, furniture's, tables, seating's,
storage, textiles, interior architecture products, lightning, technology appliances and a range of
services as well from consulting services to furniture, asset management services, financial services
and e–business.
Because of globalization, today where clients are looking up for partners rather than suppliers so
that they can help them to become more competitive and win more business, e–business is becoming
an important issue. E–business will help them in decrease in transaction costs as there will be
efficiency in the approval process. Even the purchasing department will become more effective and
at the same time it will help in strengthening the partnerships.

Cardiac's portfolio is around 50 different products ranges each of them in several typologies like
rectangular tables, waved tables, square etc. and this can be further configured upto nine options
Like colors, type of legs, seats, back rest etc. besides this they have customized ones as well to meet
the customer's specific needs. For such companies with such a huge product offering, e–
procurement becomes a real

Cooperative Procurement Essay
Introduction
Research Gap
Key questions
Key Literature
The idea is how a combination of theories and frameworks concerning to Cooperative Procurement,
e–Sourcing and Outsourcing can represent a benefit to SME and an opportunity for a new business.
– Cooperative Procurement; Cooperative Purchasing; Collaborative Procurement and Purchasing
Consortia.
In the current literature, the concept of Cooperative Purchasing has been vaguely defined. Beyond
that, there is a vast terminology to nominate the concept regarding to Cooperative Procurement or
the other terms aforementioned. Schotanus (2007) in his thesis included a list of the most employed
denomination. The table present more than 150 terms and according to him the most common used
in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although he is a Public sector specialist, he extends the idea describing as two or more group of
organization or people that are engaging in Procurement for reciprocal benefit. Although there are
many source about Purchasing Consortia, this concept is not very frequently adopted by the
industrial sector (Essig, 2000). This idea of cooperation between organizations is not recent. Some
Japanese companies used sogo–shoshas, a group of companies with common ownership and
leadership that is vertically integrated. Another similar approach is virtual organization, that consist
in independent organizations forming a temporary network with a common goal to share skills and
cost. This derives from another Japanese's concept, Keiretsu: a collective organizational based on
mutual shareholding and cooperation that includes different companies as finance, trading, suppliers
(Rey, 2002).
The advantages and disadvantages of Cooperative Purchasing has been largely discussed in the
literature. There is a vast literature about interorganisational cooperation, however there is not a
comprehensive theory for the successful for this cooperation (Das and Teng, 2000). The most related
advantage is the cost reduction, considering the consolidation of demand and reduction of
administrative cost. In fact, it is not just a financial saving, but the operational time is optimized as
well in some cases. Nollet and Beaulieu

Disadvantages Of E-Procurement
E PROCUREMENT
E–acquirement is the business–to–business or business–to–purchaser or business–to–government
buy and offer of supplies, work, and administrations through the Internet and other data and systems
administration frameworks, for example, electronic information exchange and venture asset
arranging.
The e–acquirement esteem chain comprises of indent administration, e–Tendering, e–Auctioning,
seller administration, list administration, Purchase Order Integration, Order Status, Ship Notice, e–
invoicing, e–instalment, and contract administration. Indent administration is the work process
included in the planning of tenders. This part of the quality chain is discretionary, with individual
securing offices characterizing their indenting process. In works ... Show more content on
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The main reason companies have embraced e–procurement is to increase productivity, provide
visibility into day–to–day transactions and make it easier for users to get the supplies that they need.
It has not been an easy road for e–procurement as implementation has its challenges and it has taken
time for business managers and procurement departments to fully accept it. The advantages of e–
procurement are slowly being understood:
Reducing costs
Costs can be reduced by leveraging volume, having structured supplier relationships and by using
system improvements to reduce external spend while improving quality and supplier performance.
E–procurement eliminates paperwork, rework and errors.
Visibility of spend
Centralized tracking of transactions enables full reporting on requisitions, items purchased, orders
processes and payments made. E–procurement advantages extend to ensuring compliance with
existing and established contracts.
Productivity
Internal customers can obtain the items they want from a catalogue of approved items through an
on–line requisition and ordering

A Suitable Information System Links The Suppliers,...
A suitable information system links the suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and customers to form
a well managed supply chain. Information technology offers many opportunities for companies to
cut cost and improve responsiveness to customer's needs.
Some of the areas where greater effect of internet can be felt are given below:
a) Selection of suppliers or partners
b) Communication
c) Cost saving
d) Reduction of lead times
e) Product promotional opportunity improved
The project is mainly concerned with designing a web portal where different buyers can find a
number of suppliers providing the product they want and thus creating a suitable business link
between them by using various Open Source Web Technologies.
The study done in the project may be helpful to increase the supplier availability to the buyer,
improved product promotional activity to the supplier, improved product prices vi
The system has reached a steady state providing e–procurement and e–negotiation facilities to the
users with future prospects of implementing an e–auction system.
The technologies used are HTML, JavaScript, PHP, Apache Web Server and MySQL database.
The e–MobiSupply system provides a platform for buyers to connect to a number of suppliers and
choose among them one who can provide them their supplies at negotiable rate and within their
required delivery period.
Basically this system provides facilities for e–Procurement, e–Negotiation and online shipment
tracking to the buyers for

Case Study Of E-Procurement In Philips Consumer Electronics
E–procurement in Philips Consumer Electronics
Introduction
Philips is a Dutch diversified technology company headquartered in Amsterdam with primary
divisions focused in the areas of Healthcare, Consumer Lifestyle and Lighting. It was founded in
Eindhoven in 1891 by Gerard Philips and his father Frederik. It is one of the largest electronics
companies in the world and employs around 122,000 people across more than 60 countries. (Philips,
2011) Its profit (for the year 2012) amounted €226 million.
With main focus on meaningful innovation, Philips serves professional and consumer markets
through three overlapping sectors: Healthcare, Lighting and Consumer Lifestyle. Throughout its
portfolio, Philips demonstrates its innovation capacity by translating customer insights into
meaningful technology and applications that improve the quality of people's lives (Philips, 2014).
As a global leader in healthcare, Philips focuses on delivering the most ... Show more content on
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The introduction of the intranet–based Ariba enterprise resource planning systems cut the Philips
annual purchasing costs by tens of millions of dollars. Philips rolled–out an e–procurement system
in 2000, to more than 100 sites worldwide, in a project which aimed to cut 8% from its $5 billion
global supply bill (Goodwin, 2000).
Apart from the direct costs reduction the implementation of e–procurement influenced the
company's indirect (administrative) costs which mainly concerned the amount of paper work of the
managers (thanks to the Philips e–procurement paper work was reduced by 100 men–years in
Europe), the auditing process (after the implementation of e–procurement the process became semi–
automated), acquiring and disposing goods (after the year 2000 the inventory expenditures of Philips
decreased globally by 15%) and overpayment while purchasing the materials (the introduced e–
procurement allowed managers to observe the purchasing prices in real

Benefits Of A Proactive Strategic Procurement Operation
INTRODUCTION
Every organisation requires goods and services from external suppliers or providers as no company
is an Island. These goods are to be acquired at the right time, right source, right quality of materials,
right quantity and also these goods are to be of the right price in order to give the organisation an
advantage over its competitors( competitive advantage) allowing it to generate greater sales and
retain more customers than its competition. We will be looking at HEWLETT–PACKARD.
Hewlett–Packard emphasis has gone beyond just reacting to the needs of users as and when they
arise, to a forward looking proactive approach. This reflects the contribution that the management
makes.
?A proactive strategic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hal Sirkin , senior Partner and Managing director ,BCG( The Boston consulting Group 2008)
Hewlett–Packard is the case study of this work, procurement being a broad topic, we will
concentrate on three main areas for the purpose of these work. Brief understanding of them;
GLOBAL SOURCING/ OUT SOURCING:
?Global Sourcing is the integration and coordination of procurement requirement across the world
wide business units looking at common items, processes, technologies and suppliers?( John stevens
1995)
?Global sourcing is practiced by big corporations as they have the need and leverage to gain
competitiveness from global sourcing and also the facilities around the globe to enable them to
apply the process. They are usually contractually bound to other large corporations who have the
ability to supply products to the globally located sites of the multinational purchaser? (Peter Baily et
al 2015)
Many organisations are meeting the need for lower cost by moving to foreign countries where there
are fewer regulations that interfere with the manufacturing process, where they can find cheaper
labour and thereby lower basic plant, personnel and operations cost. Sourcing and outsourcing are
two basic methods of foreign manufacturing which have developed over time and this help in
making the best choice for global

What We Now Call E Business?
As a Project manager it is critical to be on the forefront of technological changes and opportunities
that will improve project procurements. The opportunity to reduce cost and improve the speed and
accuracy of procurement can be found in Electronic Procurements (E–Procurement). The chance to
reduce cost is very tempting; however, the risk associated with the opportunity must be considered
as well. Project managers have an opportunity to conduct a procurement analysis, which takes a
closer look at the advantages and challenges of this new method. "What we now call E–Business
arose through the proliferation of the internet as a platform for inter–organizational systems (IOS) in
the late 1990s and has had a particularly significant impact ... Show more content on
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Project managers are able to dedicate less time on schedules and defining procurements, because E–
procurements reduce the time and effort needed to make procurements. The cost associated with this
form of procurement is normally much reduced.
E–procurement can occur in a Simplified Competitive Contracting method and a Formal
Competitive Contracting Method. As the name suggest the simplified provides much easier way
complete a transactions. This option would include following methods: purchase cards, petty cash,
auctions and reverse auctions, net marketplaces, vertical exchanges, horizontal exchanges, and web
portals (Garrett, 2010, p. 69). These methods provide a simplified approach to electronic purchases.
Research has indicated "[t]he potential effects linked to the adoption of e–procurement solutions are
estimated to be worth a 7–10% reduction in overall project purchasing cost, essentially due to
greater efficiency in internal process, a shortening of project duration, and reductions in non–
conformity and purchase prices. (Cagno, Di Giulio & Trucco, 2004, p.24). With the addition of an
E–procurement plan, buyers are able reduce paperwork and other overhead cost. "Implementing a
Web–based e–procurement system for direct procurement not only makes the operational processes
of trading partners more effective, but it also makes inter–organizational coordination among trading
partners more efficient" (Tai, Ho, & Wu, 2010, p. 5401).

E-Procurement Tools
There are a large number of E–procurement tools that could be distinguished in the marketplace (de
Boer et al., 2001). Some of them are already well developed and highly accepted in the marketplace;
nonetheless, there are numerous E–procurement tools that are immature and require further
development (Wang, 2006). For the purpose for this paper, we aim to focus on the E–procurement
tools that are widely accepted in the government and private sectors. The four most common E–
procurement tools being used consist of E–Sourcing, E–Tendering, E–Reverse Auction and E–
Collaboration (Boer et. al., 2001). The description of the four E–procurement tools would be
provided, following by comprehensive explanations and visual diagrams to demonstrate how ...
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For instance, the state government of New South Wales (www.tenders.nsw.gov.au) and Queensland
(www.tenders.qld.gov.au) make use of E–Tendering portal to provide suppliers with business
opportunities.
E–Reverse Auction Compared to E–Tendering, E–Reverse Auction is another form of E–
procurement tool that allows the purchasing company to use internet technology to purchase
products and services that either have the lowest price or a combination of low price and other
important conditions such as the quality of the products and services (Knudsen, 2003). Diagram 1.3.
provides a snapshot of the comparison between different forms of auctioning.
Figure 1.3. Comparison between traditional auction and reverse auction
E–Reverse auction is the opposite of traditional auction. A traditional auction usually involves a
seller offering one or more items for sale in the marketplace, and there will be multiple potential
buyers compete for the purchase of the item(s) being offered (de Boer et al., 2001). The price is
driven up until a stage that no buyers are willing to offer a higher price (de Boer et al., 2001). EBay
and Amazon.com could be well–known examples of traditional auction on the Internet. In contrary,
reverse auction is a process which there are multiple sellers are competing for the business of one
single buyer. At such, the price is driven down until there are no sellers willing to bid any lower
(Merson, 2000). According to

Benefits And Challenges Of E Procurement
What are the Benefits and Challenges
Of
E–procurement in Organization
Japjeet Singh
Saint Mary 's University of Minnesota
Schools of Graduate & Professional Programs
PRM611 Technical Communication
Instructor: Dr. Karen Rainford
Aug 10, 2015
Benefits and Challenges of E–procurement
Introduction
This research study identifies the benefits and challenges to the implementation of E–procurement
in the organizations. E–procurement is the process of purchasing the goods or services from various
suppliers through the internet. This helps to provides number of benefits over older manual
procurement method by eliminating several errors. These benefits include reduction of
administrative cost, faster transfer of information, improve communication, and decrease in
inventory cost (Matunga, Nyanamba, & Okibo, 2013). In corporate sector, the procurement has been
divided into two section i.e. direct and indirect procurement. Direct procurement involves the
materials that are used in the production of manufactured goods, whereas indirect procurement deals
with the involvement of day to day operations. E–procurement mainly provides more concentration
on indirect procurement in contrast to direct procurement (Kim & Shunk, 2004).
E–procurement help to provides various benefits, but still the implementation is in development
stage. Since not every business model or e–procurement system are equally stable for supporting
different business processes, so companies are approaching

Essay On E Procurement
Marthandan ,Malarvizhi , Tehrani (2016) Analysis the quality factor that significant impact on the
success Of E–procurement implementation. This study has focused on critical success aspects of E–
procurement when, it comes to implantation. This research paper leads through a structural equation
model. Information gathered from 208 directors to convey quantitative method to research the
relationship between E–procurement quality factor .In the outcome this investigation demonstrates
that quality of organization culture affect the E–procurement. On the other IT infrastructure does not
have critical relationship at E–Procurement success implementation. In addition, quality of
knowledge has moderate relationship in the success of E–procurement but these variables do not
influence directly to the dynamic capacity of Organization. In the suggestion, electronic service is
most common need to precede industry environment and monetary development. We have to adapt
the quality components that can apply on supply chain network at worldwide level to enhance
success implantation of E–procurement.
Sari and Arifin (2016) examine the Factors that significantly influences to success of E–procurement
implementation. Aim to lead this paper to discovering the relationship between Information Quality,
System Quality, Service Quality and User Satisfaction in public sector. This research conducted
from 97 Responded who are vendors and employees of government E–procurement system .Used
structural

Implementing The Myfloridamarketplace ( Mfmp ) Program,...
Prior to implementing the MyFloridaMarketPlace (MFMP) program, the State of Florida did not
have an enterprise–wide electronic procurement to payment system. The deployment of MFMP
enabled a centralized source for procurement activates, automating the state's requisition, purchase
order, invoicing, and payment approval process, making the procurement cycle more cost effective
and time efficient than the formally utilized paper–based system. With a state as large and diverse as
Florida, the MFMP team recognized the unique needs of each agency and developed the ability for
agencies to customize approval flows while adhering to statewide standards. The key differentiators
of the MFMP program are the flexibility provided via customizable agency approval flows, a
centrally managed update process, and a streamlined system change request process.
Customized Approval Flows
All 32 State of Florida agencies have standard approval flows that they may customize as needed.
(MFMP interagency standard requisition approval flows are discussed in Appendix A). State of
Florida agencies have the ability to create and customize their approval flows for either the entire
agency or delineate by department or location through the creation of Purchase Unit Identifiers
(PUI). PUIs enable agencies to easily establish budgets, track spend, and search for orders.
Purchasing Unit Identifiers are added and updated in MFMP through a standardized monthly
process managed by the MFMP Customer Support Desk.

Essay about SUN Microsystems Case Analysis
SUN Microsystems Case Analysis
Sun Microsystems had an extremely tough decision to make in regards to its procurement strategy.
They had to decide if they were going to take on an "E–sourcing" or "dynamic bidding" auction–
type strategy with making purchases from their suppliers. Taking on this type of procurement
strategy would benefit Sun with cost–savings on procurements, but may jeopardize their supplier
relationships and quality of inputs for Sun products.
After reviewing the enclosed financial data for Sun from 1996–1999, it is apparent that some trends
are consistent. Sun's cost of goods sold has consistently been around half of their revenue for prior
fiscal years, resulting in an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It would allow Sun to choose their supplier by cost and match that with their internal aggregated
demand figures. This would raise competition between suppliers and allow Sun to reduce their
procurement costs. Sun would have to take many factors into consideration when bidding on
suppliers such that quality and integrity are not affected, thus tampering with their relationships with
their suppliers.
Advantages: A dynamic bidding system has the potential to reduce costs through price flexibility; it
is fast and conveniently transacted through the Internet, and allows for expanded competition among
suppliers.
Disadvantages: With so much focus on lower prices, initial quality would be affected, current
supplier relationships would deteriorate, collusion of suppliers could result, and the possibility of an
Internet security threat could arise.
Sun prides itself on strategic supplier relationships. Making this type of change in procurement
strategy may affect these relationships. Sun management has to decide if it wants to continue its
ethical business through strong supplier relationships, or follow the greed trail of money–hungry
corporations. I would involve top management from all of my major suppliers in making such a
decision and let them see my side of the business. I have to cut costs, so we can work together to
reduce cost of goods sold, or we

A Brief Report On Strategic Procurement
Introduction
Organisations around the world are increasingly operating in very dynamic business environments.
Among the areas that are being monitored is the way raw materials for production are procured and
how the finished products reach the market and eventually the consumer. This paper will provide a
review of published documents on strategic procurement in organizations by providing a critical
analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of their findings. The paper will present the impacts of the
findings of the reviewed articles on the activities of an organisation that operates in a business to
customer industry. And also a supermarket will be used in this case.
Critical Analysis of Article Findings
Procurement is a collaborative work between the supplier and the client of the products or services
being supplied. This report will take some critical anlysis of article findings such as Razavi et al.
(2016) argued that supply chain relationship is built on trust, communication, interdependence, and
cooperation between the involved parties. The authors have used a model of Structural Equation
Modelling to explain the relationship between the supplier and the customer. Amemba et al. (2013)
sought to explore how public institutions and especially the government can be affected by the
challenges inherent in their procurement practices. Among the challenges identified by the
researchers include ICT adoption, complex procurement process, and ethics and supply relationship

.2: Procurement And Process . Procurement Is The Process
.2: procurement and process
Procurement is the process by which organizations acquire goods, works and services. The
procurement cycle involves planning, beginning with needs assessment through needs preparation,
inviting offers, contractor selection, awarding contracts, executing and managing contracts, as well
as final accounting and auditing. Procurement can therefore be viewed as a strategic component of
supply chain management relating to satisfying customer or buyer needs.
The procurement process is one of the most important processes of a company. The procurement
process usually varies between companies due to activity times and relations with suppliers (Trkman
& McCormack 2010). A basic procurement process starts with the ... Show more content on
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These areas of Public procurement process have, for long, been overshadowed with inefficiency,
corruption and disregard of fundamental "value for money" considerations. This has adversely
impacted the rate and quality of progress in realizing the objectives of national development,
especially in developing and transition countries (Tan et al., 2009). Employees may neither engage
in, nor give the appearance of engaging in, dishonest or unethical actions. Both are injurious to the
public's perception of honest government. As a government employee, you might have access to
procurement and other nonpublic information that could affect a contract bid or the award process
(Wymer & Regan, 2005). Improper disclosure of such protected information could violate numerous
laws, as well as ethics rules. It also could subject you to administrative actions, as well as civil or
criminal penalties. Public procurement agencies should ensure that there is an appropriate focus on
good practice

Advantages And Disadvantages Of E Procurement
E – Procurement DEFINITION With reference to Tata Steel, e–procurement is a Business to
Business system (can also be B2C, B2G or G2G) whereby, the materials required for its production
and other operational activities are availed from its providers with the help of Information and
Communication Technologies. TATA STEEL Tata steel from the late 1990's was developing a way
to have e–procurement in its operations. As of now, almost every transaction is conducted via e–
procurement. Tata steel has four e procurement systems they are Metal junction.com An internal e
bidding system E negotiation system Online stock information from vendor though the internet
Metal junction.com In order to improve its procurement needs, Tata Steel has ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Advantage of e procurement Reduce the operating cost By introducing the e procurement the
organization can eliminate unnecessary stages thus saving cost. In Tata steel by introducing the e
procurement they reduced the paper work needed for each transaction. Every data is entered into the
e procurement site so that they get the needed information. Better understand the system and thus
can control it By e procurement platform we can analyse the data of the vendors and other users
.This way we can develop new system to better serve them. For example in Tata steel seeing the
different buying pattern of the foreign and domestic vendors they introduced to site different site for
each one. Reduce the time taken to complete a full cycle E procurement uses a real time information
exchange by using Internet or Other network connection. When data is entered in one device the
other devices connected to this network is also updated in real time .For example in Tata steel they
uses site with internet connection so that user from anywhere can login using a Id and password
Reducing Man hours By implementing e–procurement Tata Steel was able to reduce the man hour in
each transaction . Scope for

BOEING AUSTRAILIA (BAL)
Boeing Australia Limited (BAL)
Assessing the Merits of Implementing a
Sophisticated e–Procurement System
Table of Contents
Page
Executive Summary
Part 1
Executive Summary
2
Part 2
Immediate Issue
3
Part 3
Systemic Issues
3
Issue Identification
Environmental & Root Cause Analysis
Part 4
Qualitative Analysis
4

Part 5
Qualitative Analysis
5
Alternatives and/or Options
Part 6
Alternatives
6
Recommendations
7
Recommendations Implementation Plan
8
Part 9
Monitor and Control
9
Part 10
Conclusion & Management Plan
Recommendations
Part 7
Implementation
Part 8
Monitor & Control
1
10
Boeing Australia Limited ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
BAL has worked to develop its core
competency in the areas of space and communications, site management, and the upgrade and
maintenance of military aircraft and equipment. As BAL grew so too did the legacy technology

systems it used for both internal communications and external dealings with customers. BAL now is
facing difficult decisions as it sought to upgrade and improve its procurement systems and processes
to improve operations. Upper management is concerned with the high costs of systems that are
already on the market and concerns that any system will not integrate well with the systems that are
already in place. As well as the different departments within BAL were using the systems differently
to get the same results, large percentage of staff and management resistant to change.
4
Due to the costs involved in upgrading their entire system, was BAL large enough to proceed
without thought to the costs. BAL really only had one major customer the ADF and what would
happen in the future if they lost those contracts.
But, would not upgrading to a new full
system or upgrading the e–procurement portion to work with the systems that are already in place
cause them to lose the contracts as they could not provide the information needed by their major
customers to

Essay about Procurement at Betapharm Corp. Case
Procurement at Betapharm Corp. (A) Notes
George Brannigan, Vice President
Doug Burke, Director of eSourcing
– Betapharm recently implemented the Emptoris ePass system, which facilitates eProcurement
activities and, specifically, reverse auctions
Industry Information
– Pharmaceutical sales experienced average growth in the low teens between 1996 and 2003,
single–digit growth was expected over the next few years
– Betapharm outperformed the industry
– Industry benefited from increased demand and projected future growth due to: o A growing elderly
segment o Increased average life expectancy o Rising incidence of chronic diseases
– Pricing pressures from managed care and government programs and the migration to generic drugs
due ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Food and Drug Administration code, and Betapharms's internal procedures
– If no prior info on supplier, quality and compliance groups would conduct a full audit
– New suppliers performed an initial general systems inspection which comprised of an evaluation
of the employees, plant, process, and documentation of each supplier
– If the supplier was not in compliance with the system standard, the team estimated the resources
need to get the suppler up to standards and the company's willingness to invest in the systems
necessary to comply with standards and expectations
– After successful completion of the audit, intermediate product suppliers were re–audited every two
years and raw materials supplier audits were updated every three years
Current Situation
Brannigan need to analyze the suppliers and competitive situation in both the global hotels and
malic acid product spaces.
Global Hotels
– Management constantly thinking of ways to decrease travel and lodging costs across the org,
currently reserved approx. 500,000 hotel room nights annually for a total spend of 70 mil Euro
during 2003
– Currently focused on major markets, UK and NA to negotiate better rates and decrease spending,
but ignored potential savings from numerous other regions and countries
– Considering global hotels as a candidate for

E-Procurement in Global Supply Chain Management
E–procurement in global supply chain management
Introduction
From 1990s, due to the economic globalization and the increased competitive pressures, lots of
firms increase their focus on integrated supply chain management to gain a competitive advantage.
Effective supply chain can facilitate a firm to be more competitive not only by reducing the
purchasing costs but also improving the competitive dimensions of quality, dependability, flexibility,
and innovation.
Nowadays with globalization, global supply chain management is becoming a very important issue
for most of businesses. The main reasons of this trend are procurement cost reduction, purchasing
risks control, and revenues increasing. For instance, companies may set up overseas ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
That is to say, using e–commerce not only can increase services level to keep customers, but also
make profits more than before. Nowadays, there are many companies using e–logistics and e–
procurement for customers, because those will be an optimal way to extend and increase business
processes in supply chain management and also those are real value methods to attract more
customers than before. Therefore, e–commerce can create a lot of additional values in the company
in order to maximize its chances of success.
There are three main things in e–commerce: information, Internet and technology.
Information
Improving the use of information is the important thing in e–commerce because more–accurate, up–
to–date information about customer demanded allows products to be delivered in the right way in
order to decrease cost and increase efficiency (2001, Lee and Seungjin). So, a company should
prioritize internal system first, because the company should complete internal for controlling its
information and business. Then, companies can start to use external system in order to increase
service level for customer and to deliver information between suppliers and customers rapidly.
Moreover, increasing the data

Thomson (Easysource) : Development of an E-Procurement System
What business is the organization in?
Thomson is a French company, created in 1883, whose headquarters are in Issy les Moulineaux,
near Paris. It is specialized in the conception and the manufacturing of digital images and videos
systems. The company developed itself in the world to be present in different countries, such as
Italy, India, China, Spain, USA, Belgium and UK.
It has about 73 000 employees dispatched over 230 sites, including more than 60 factories. Its sites
are distributed around 10 countries but the company sells its goods and services to 100 countries.
We can also notice that Thomson is a real leader in the innovation system, as it owns 35 000 patents
worldwide representing around 6 000 inventions.
The group ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed, non– production purchases are divided as follow: o Non–production purchases outside
EasySource: Licenses, Guarantees, Customer Marketing, Other. o Non–production purchases inside
EasySource: o Transport, o Energy, o Software, o IT and Telecoms, o Property and tenant services, o
External services, o Marketing, communication and advertising, o Manufacturing supply, o
Investment, o Travel o Other
So, those non–production purchases are items that are difficult to manage for companies as they are
really diversified and need to be well analyzed. As a consequence they are very costly as they need
competent people to deal with them and quite a lot of people due to their diversification. That is why
Thomson has recourse to e–procurement with EasySource for such purchases
What savings were realized?
The following shows that the solution at its completion should bring 150 million of euros:
EasySource allows Thomson to save around 80 million per year. First, we can look at the following
table showing us a few results from before and after the use of EasySource by Thomson:
"
Before EasySource After EasySource
Active suppliers per buyer 100 50
Percentage of active suppliers approved by the State 10,0% 100,0%
Percentage of purchases generated with small suppliers 40,0% 10,0%

Percentage of transactions via e–commerce 3,0% 60,0%
Percentage of purchases under agreements 50,0% 95,0%
Number of suppliers for

Case Study : Boeing Australia Limited
Brief Summary
Boeing Australia Limited (BAL) was formed in 1996 it was a global extension of the US firm, The
Boeing Company. BAL developed many great capabilities in the areas of space communications,
military aircraft and equipment, and such. However as it grew, BAL was faced with difficult
decisions in finding ways to upgrade its procurement systems and processes to improve its
operations. In 1999, BAL recruited Russell Menere as the new national procurement manager to
help find ways that would improve procurement processes by one of two ways, cost savings or
reducing processing times. Russell began doing a number of short term improvements here and
there to get started, four key things he did were 1) rationalization a large number of ... Show more
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The Australian Defense Force ADF is BAL's main client that has its own legacy system in place that
requires BAL to communicate via–in house data exchange. This adds pressure to BAL to improve
and streamline processes that meets the ADF's requirements because the current legacy system is not
supportive enough. Need to improve on a strategic relationship with large numbers and key
suppliers. Upgrading the procurement system would affect staff in that department directly, and
would require an improved way of training since there is always a type of resistance when change
shows up. Additionally, BAL has financial and budgetary constraints in investing on a new
procurement system.
Analysis
The current process in place at BAL is not only complicated but is greatly time consuming. Seems
there is constant duplication of work and at times the information is entered manually, slowing the
process and leading to data input errors. Although BAL has taken many positive steps forward in
continuing to improve some of the processes, more work is still required. Short term improvements
have shown success in the process, mainly because BAL has put great emphasis on strategic
sourcing. They have rationalized the supplier pool and have put their focus on building strong
relationships with their suppliers, who in every case are the most important part and critical to any
business, and in

Management of e-Discovery Procurement Project
Table of Contents Assignment #1: e–Discovery Project Procurement Management 2 Introduction 2
Plan e–Discovery Procurements 3 Conduct e–Discovery Procurements 5 Administer e–Discovery
Procurements 6 Close e–Discovery Procurements 8 Conclusion 9 References 10 Assignment #1: e–
Discovery Project Procurement Management Introduction Most projects of whichever size or
significance cannot be completed using 100% in–sourced resources. But Project managers must still
procure their project's resources that are not obtained in–house, and that must be done through
outsourcing. To that end, the project procurement process "tries to maximize the value derived from
all funds invested in the project to obtain goods and services. ... Show more content on
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With the preceding inputs the PM can then identify and document risks, risk owners and risk
responses at all e–Discovery stages and include all project contributors. Identify and record all
contract decisions that could present risks or opportunities during the execution of the contracts and
parties that are responsible for those risk responses specific to each contract. Confirm positive
market conditions, rate comparisons and local regulatory requirements. The plan began by
"determining which project needs can be fulfilled internally by the project team and which can best
be met externally (Marchewka, 2012, p. 382). The project team made decisions about when, how,
what quantities and what sources would sustain the insourced and outsourced tasks. With this
information and the results of the plan inputs, tools and techniques, either a detailed or a broadly
organized project procurement management plan that includes guidance for procurements from
inception to closure. The documentation would comprise the e–Discovery procurement statement of
work identifying where documents should be collected, and from which custodians. Where
documents should be sent for processing, processing specifications and options, document review
requirements and rules, categorization specifications, production format agreements and production
deadlines. Included would be the documentation for any make or buy analyses and peripheral

Request And Buy : Value Propositions Essay
2.2. Request and Buy – Value Propositions Best–in–class organizations build capabilities around
buying processes that deliver automation, better compliance and greater visibility for both business
and procurement. In addition to investing in the right capabilities, leading organizations build an
operating model and category/supplier–centric roadmap to enable and realize the value derived from
source–to–pay automation. Cloud solution providers are helping companies achieve this goal and be
the leaders in the competitive market. Business to Business (B2B) e–commerce solutions delivers
quite powerful and effective online purchasing solution. Technology made online purchasing a very
smooth procedure for individuals, for many years and now the buying process for corporate spend
usually involves end users purchasing indirect materials from catalogs of contracted suppliers. The
online tool will route for automated and pre–defined necessary approvals (based on company's
specific policies and delegation of authorities) and complete the purchasing from the user
perspective. Behind the scenes, that purchase request creation, will become a purchase order (PO)
for the supplier while that item is connected to a contract which the company negotiated with an
approved supplier or directly to the supplier depending on the item set up and catalog which the
purchase was made. After receiving the item, the invoice will be generated and managed. Suppliers
can flip a PO into invoice. All

Essay On E Procurement
Definition
E–procurement can be defined as the process of proposal, ordering and payment of material by
means of internet and IT software. Moreover, e procurement is the application of digital technology
to perform contracting, service, transportation and payment through electronic devices. E
procurement is more than the material procurement online. It enables better interaction of supplier
and buyer which includes bids, question and answers.
In Europe, most of the construction industry are practicing e–tendering. E tendering process finds
and selects the supplier. E purchasing is also a part of e procurement. In this process system
complete from finding the product, works, services and utilities to invoicing and payment by
electronic means.
Background
Construction industry is the second largest industry in the USA with $3.4 trillion annually. E
business gained ground globally in every sector. However, it is seen that it has a slower pace in
construction than any other industry. Reduce the construction cost is the main objective of
traditional construction industry along with considering several other factors for instance, quality or
sustainability. But, now the construction industry is maturing, companies are moving towards higher
goal for instance, sustainability and customer satisfaction from the basic of time, quality and cost.
Internet proved the effective and efficient way of communication. Much organization has realized
the importance of e–procurement and spent

Boeing
Module 2: Procurement and Supply Chain Management
Session 11: E–Procurement
Written Cases Study 4: Boeing Australia Limited: Assessing the Merits of Implementing a
Sophisticated e–Procurement System
Table of Contents
Executive Summary 3
Issue Identification 4
Environmental and Root Cause Analysis 6
Alternatives and Options 7
Recommendations 8
Implementation 8
Monitor and Control 9
Conclusion 10
References 10
Executive Summary
Boeing Australia Limited (BAL) is relatively new company and a global extension of the US firm,
the Boeing Company. The BAL developed capabilities in the areas of space and communication, site
management and the upgrade and maintenance of military ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Redundancy in processes for staff through using multiple system applications;
3. Slow manual processes for data management (manually entering data);
4. Deficient operations due to strict requirements to suppliers;
5. High cost of systems available on the market, which would provide systems integration solution;
6. Unknowns: not enough analysis done to guarantee that the new purchased system would meet all
the functional requirements for the integration of system application already in place;
7. Staff resistance to change in case new procurement system will be implemented.
Key Assumptions:
Budget available for the setup, implementation, and training and interface and service of e–
Procurement system and BAL legacy system.
BAL suppliers are flexible with changing their existing procurement processes.
E–Procurement system of choice is compliant with the ADF standards.
Alternatives and Options:

A1. BAL implements a sophisticated e–Procurement system, which integrates all parts of the current
BAL legacy system already in place.
Pros: There are average expenses associated with purchasing e–Procurement solution. Future lower
costs, and cost savings long–term. Integrates with current legacy system. Based on the integration of
current systems, which staff is already using – no steep learning curve and less resistance to change.
Cons: Adding another system to the legacy system provides temporary problem fix

U.s. Procurement And Strategic Sourcing Activities
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
From the late Nineties, a raft of latest e–commerce technologies emerged that aimed to revolutionize
operating practices, replace existing businesses and lead in the production of new business models
(Sinha, I.2000; Barua et al.,2001). Following this growth in use of e–commerce in business–to–
business markets, there has been important adoption of latest supply chain–related technology and
applications by organizations globally. The procurement function has been notably stricken by this
trend with a foretold growth in e–procurement applications covering each transactional shopping for
and strategic sourcing activities (Croom S, 2000). A major contributor behind this development has
been the evolution of the procurement function towards an additional strategic role in supporting
both, company goals and supply chain objectives.
Procurement is a central service provided by a zealous team of executives. It functions at the
interface between the organizations, the external supplier, marketplace and also the organizations'
operational processes (Knudsen D, 2003). This implies that the procurement processes and data have
to be on the market for one or all actors within the supply chain to optimize the advantages of e–
procurement. The applications that inform the e–procurement landscape are designed to alter the
buying cycle, optimize pay, improve methods and progress, support bidding and tendering and
facilitate more practical

Strategic Procurement Operation, Purchasing Strategies,...
A PROACTIVE STRATEGIC PROCUREMENT OPERATION, PURCHASING STRATEGIES,
INTEGRATED CORPORATE STRATEGY
ASSIGNMENT 2
Student Number
@00413426
February 2015
Table of content
1. Abstract 3
2. Chapter One: Procurement, Strategic Procurement and Corporate Strategy 4
3. Procurement functions– competitive advantages 7
4. Procurement functions– Reducing Waste in Value Chain 9
5. Chapter Three: Integration of Purchasing strategies with corporate strategy 11
6. Reasons for the Growth in strategic role of procurement
7. Challenges in achieving Procurement growth in practice (examples) 12
5. Chapter Four: Conclusion 19
6. Refrences 20
7. Miscellaneous 21
8. Appendices 22
ABSTRACT
Procurement being the acquisition of goods, services from external sources, at the best possible cost,
appropriate time, quality, quantity and place in order to meet the needs of the requester.
In the business world today, Procurement in organisationshas evolved from the traditional
transactionalbased purchasing of goods to strategic procurement of goods, services and innovation
driven functions which enhance the growth and visibility ofProcurement departments in
todaysbusiness world.
This write up is aimed at discussing the functions of procurement in organisations, its strategies and
focus, the reasons for procurement growth in organisations and the need for its strategic alignment
with the corporate strategies while also focusing

E Procurement System : Information Technology Based System
An e–procurement system is an information technology based system which is at the input end of
the supply chain. These systems have been increasingly connected and embedded with other
infrastructures to initiate growth of the companies. Due to which, they have become an integral part
of the supply chain management. E–procurement system can improve the effectiveness of operation
processes and transparency of supply chain since it helps to improve the efficiency of value creation.
E–procurement has four functions: e–design, e–sourcing, e–negotiation, and e–evaluation. E–design
refers to the setting of purchasing requirements on an electronic procurement system; e–sourcing
refers to the process wherein an enterprise selects its suppliers ... Show more content on
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It also enhances the flexibility of product specifications and can establish a faster product/service
than its competitors.
Theoretical Framework
This framework explains the relationships among processes in e–procurement. Partner relationships,
information sharing, and supply chain integration are the proposed processes that connect e–
procurement systems with supply chain performances.
Results of the Case Study
All the managers recognised that supply chain performance is important in improving competitive
advantage. They evaluated the supply chain based on tangible (e.g. cost) and intangible perspectives
(e.g. time). The companies also had high–level communication information with their partners in the
supply chain, in which they exchanged information regarding accuracy, value and criticality. The
companies acknowledged that e–procurement enhanced partner relationships, information sharing,
and supply chain integration.
For the study, a survey questionnaire was created. Tangible and intangible dimensions were used to
measure supply chain performance. Tangible dimensions referred to costs and benefits, whereas
intangible dimensions captured the aspect of subjective evaluations of capacity utilization and
flexibility judgments. Reciprocity and bonding were also used to measure partner relationships.
Reciprocity referred to the empathy aspect of relationships, whereas bonding referred the

Cost Budgets And Preserving Departmental Performance
I. Introduction Talks of decreased government spending and "skinny budgets" have inundated the
news as of late. The Trump administration seems intent on slashing government spending across the
board. With the introduction of the President's proposed budget, it is evident that dramatic cuts are
looming–ushering in a new approach to shrinking the size of the federal government. With all the
buzz, government agencies will need to find new ways to slim down their departments while also
balancing their objectives and fulfilling their responsibilities to the American people. Could auctions
be the key to solving this quandary between cutting budgets and preserving departmental
performance? This paper will explore the application of reverse ... Show more content on
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In a reverse auction, a single buyer expresses interest in an item or service offered by many pre–
qualified contractors or "sellers." These sellers then compete for the business of the buyer by
undercutting other firms' bids until they, ideally, reach the true market value of the item or service in
question. The seller with the lowest bid wins the auction and is charged with fulfilling their end of
the contract, after which time, the transaction is complete (Manoochehri et al., 2008). Per Professor
David C. Wyld (2011), reverse auctions are defined as:
A type of e–auction that is conducted online, in real–time, between a single buying organization and
pre–qualified suppliers. Suppliers compete in presenting bids to the buyer for the supply of goods or
services whose specifications for design, quantity, quality, delivery, and related terms and conditions
have been clearly defined.
Unlike other auctions, reverse auctions are conducted exclusively online–typically through third–
party private software firms. These "market makers" facilitate the reverse auction–although the
government recently began to embrace an internal operating system for conducting reverse auctions
(Manoochehri et al., 2008). Additionally, like traditional forward auctions, reverse auctions can be
open or sealed–bid. In the sealed–bid reverse auction, suppliers submit their bids to the buyer. The
buyer then reviews the offers

The Impact Of Electronic Procurement Systems For...
E–PROCUREMENT SYSTEMS AND HOW TO MEASURE ITS SUCCESS
Student name: Amjad Khaled
Student number: 2013059024
Course: Introduction to modern research techniques and thesis writing
Department: International school
Supervisor: Dr.Hashmi Shabir
Date of submission: 2016/12/13
ABSTRACT
E–procurement systems contribute largely to business and government institutes by increasing the
national productivity growth through removing of non–value added activities in the process of
procurement. In many countries the adoption of these systems has been slow compared to
economically integrated regions such as Europe and North America. This study aims at exploring
the impact of electronic procurement systems for Australian organizations using the propagated
framework. The research will be used to develop an instrument to measure the success of the
adoption, help identify the barriers facing achieving success and establishment of a framework to
promote success
Key words: E–procurement, technology adaption, IS success.
1. INTRODUCTION
Electronic commerce technology and practice has been sought after since the development of the
World Wide Web, and many business institutes and corporations have turned to electronic commerce
technologies with hopes to develop the efficiency and effectiveness of their business models through
e–commerce. A very prominent form of e–commerce is e–procurement which is mainly for B2B
transactions occurring between businesses.
E–procurement systems add

The Use of Emerging Technology to Create Competitive...
The Use of Emerging Technology to Create Competitive Advantage within the Business
Environment
By
Tim Dodd
S664247
Table of Contents Pages
Introduction 3
Emerging technology enhancing inter–organisational relationships 3–4
Emerging technology creating more integrated supply chains 5
Efficient procurement processes through the use of emerging technology 6–7
Creating a culture that complies with technological procurement processes 7–8
Conclusion 8–9
References 10–11
Introduction
In today's business environment, it is essential that companies adopt processes that incorporate
various forms of technology in order to be competitive within the market. ... Show more content on
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Inter–organisational relationships have improved as a result of an increased level of perceived
transparency. When a buyer allows a supplier to become familiar with the buyer's own operations, it
is referred to as transparency (Lamming, cited in Icasati–Johanson & Fleck, 2003). The use of e–
procurement has seen an increase in transparency. Until just recently, transparency was considered
unfavourable (Lamming et al, cited in Icasati–Johanson & Fleck, 2003) however businesses are now
using it as a sign of their commitment to the supplier. Many businesses are now working together to
create technological systems that promote the free sharing of information. By increasing the
visibility and transparency amongst supply chain partners, businesses are able to demonstrate their
commitment. This helps build trust, which is essential for creating highly functioning inter–
organisational relationships.
Emerging technology has made collaboration throughout the supply chain more accessible. Without
web–based technologies the required level of collaboration needed to provide significant benefits,
would not be possible (Riggins & Rhee, cited in Icasati–Johanson & Fleck, 2003). By using various
information and communication technologies, businesses are able to combine efforts on achieving

objectives that would previously be unattainable if alone (Mohr & Spekman, cited in Icasati–
Johanson & Fleck,

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