psychology introduction to psychology schools of psychology scopes of psychology methods of psychology relevance of nursing application of psychology branches of psychology evolution of psychology

1. By
Amudha K
M.Sc., (N)
INTRODUCTION TO
PSYCHOLOGY

2. HISTORY
 Psychology has derived from two Greek words
• Psychi – Soul
• Logos – Study of (or) knowledge
 Psychology is an offspring of philosophy.
 Sigmund Freud [ 1856 – 1939 ] is the father of
modern psychology
 First psychology laboratory was started by
Wilhelm wundt in the year of 1879 at leipzig,
Germany.

3. EVOLUTION OF PSYCHOLOGY
Study of Soul
Study of Mind
Study of Conscious
experience
Study of Behaviour

4. MAJOR PERSPECTIVE OF
PSYCHOLOGY
Biological
Cognitive
Social
Developmental
Humanistic
Psychoanalytic

5. SCHOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGY (OR)
ORIGIN OF SCIENCE OF
PSYCHOLOGY
 Structuralism
 Functionalism
 Behaviorism
 Gestalt psychology
 Psychoanalysis

6. DEFINITION
 Psychology is a science which aims to give us
better understanding and control of the
behavior of the organism as a whole.
William McDughall-1949
 Psychology is the investigation of human and
animal behavior and of the mental and
physiological processes associated with the
behavior.
Jackson-1976

7. NATURE OF PSYCHOLOGY
 Psychology uses scientific methods
 It is factual
 The laws of psychology are universal and
verifiable
 It discovers the cause – effect relationship in
human behavior
 It also predicts human behavior

8. SCOPE OF PSYCHOLOGY OR
BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
 The branches and areas which all are need of
psychologist to deal with the psychological
problems on that branch is may be considered as
scope of psychology.
 The scope of a subject can usually be discussed
under the following two headings:
 The limits of its operation and applications
 The branches, topics and subject matter with
which it deals.

9. Contd.,
 Psychologist can be classified in one of the three
categories:
Practitioners:
 Psychologists who use their knowledge of psychology
to aid individuals or groups by providing certain
service, often in the form of therapy or Counseling is
called practitioners.
Academicians:
 They are employed in colleges and university and
typical engaged in teaching and research.
Researcher:
 They are employed in agencies, industries where they
examine diverse such as effect of toxic environmental
substances on process of learning and memory.

10. FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION IN
PSYCHOLOGY

11. Pure Psychology
General
Psychology
Abnormal
Psychology
Social
Psychology
Physiological
Psychology
Para
Psychology
Geo
Psychology
Developmental
Psychology
Experimental
Psychology
Applied Psychology
Educational
Psychology
Clinical
Psychology
Industrial
Psychology
Legal Psychology
Military
Psychology
Political
psychology

12. APPLICATION OF
PSYCHOLOGY
 Education – shaping and designing the
educational system according to the needs and
requirements of the students.
 Medicine – to know the science of behavior to
achieve good results. It contribute therapeutic
measures to diagnosis and cure of patients.
 Business and Industry – consumer’s psychology
and interpersonal relationship in the field of
commerce and industry.
 Criminology – detection of crimes and dealing
with criminals.

13. Contd.,
 Politics – to learn the qualities of leadership
 Guidance and Counselling – valuable help in
educational, personal and vocational areas
 Military Science – helps in selection, training,
promotion and classification of defence
personnel. Provides insight and confidence.
 Human relationship and Self development – to
learn the art of understanding their own behavior,
seeking adjustment with self and others.

14. RELEVANCE TO NURSING
 To understand her own self
 To understand patients
 To recognize abnormal behaviour
 To understand other people
 To provide quality care
 To adjust to the situation
 To help the student nurse
 Help for effective studying
 Readjustment

15. METHODS OF PSYCHOLOGY
 The techniques and procedure which are all used to
measure and assess the psychology of an individual
or group is methods of psychology.
1. Observation method ( Artificial and Natural)
2. Introspective method
3. Case study method
4. Interview method
5. Questionnaire method
6. Rating scale method
7. Experimental method
8. Co relation method
9. Survey method

16. Thank you