This document discusses various topics related to earthquake engineering including:
- Causes of earthquakes such as fault movement in the earth's crust.
- Measurements of earthquakes including intensity scales and magnitude scales.
- Why damage occurs during earthquakes due to inertial forces on structures.
- Structural dynamics principles for evaluating how structures will respond to earthquake forces.
- Code requirements for designing structures to resist earthquake forces and have sufficient ductility.
2. TOPICS
WHAT ARE EARTHQUAKES
CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKES
MEASUREMENTS OF EARTHQUAKES
WHY DAMAGE OCCURS
STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS
CODE EARTHQUAKE FORCES
Third year Civil- Earthquake Engineering
3. CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKES
EARTHQUAKE FAULT SOURCES
Faults are abrupt changes in the rock structure
Third year Civil- Earthquake Engineering
4. Some faults types and movements
Third year Civil- Earthquake Engineering
7. EARTHQUAKES CHARACTERISTICS
Focal depth.
Distance from the focus of the quake.
Duration.
Peak Ground acceleration.
Amount of released energy.
Third year Civil- Earthquake Engineering
8. MEASUREMENTS OF EARTHQUAKES
1- Intensity (Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale)
based on the amount of damage
Scale has 12 levels.
Third year Civil- Earthquake Engineering
10. MEASUREMENTS OF EARTHQUAKES
2- MAGNITUDE
RICHTER MAGNITUDE
Measures the amplitude of earthquake waves.
Scale from 1-10
Each number is 10 times the amplitude of the number below
Third year Civil- Earthquake Engineering
13. EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE SOURCES
1. by inertial forces generated by severe ground
shaking.
F=mass * acceleration ( SECOND NEWTON LAW)
2. by earthquake induced fires.
3. by changes in the physical properties of soils
(e.g. consolidation, settling, and liquefaction).
4. seismic sea waves (tsunamis) or fluid.
Third year Civil- Earthquake Engineering
28. CODE FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENT
A- NON COLLAPSE REQUIREMENT
The structure shall be designed and constructed to withstand the
design seismic action without local or general collapse, thus
retaining its structural integrity and a residual load bearing
capacity after the seismic event.
كل للزلزال رجوع زمن475سنة
التصدعات بعض حدوث احتمالاالنشايية العناصر لبعضانهيار بدون
للمنشأ كامل.
Third year Civil- Earthquake Engineering
29. CODE FUNDAMENTAL REQUIREMENT
B- DAMAGE LIMITATION REQUIREMENT
The structure shall be designed and constructed to withstand a
seismic action having a larger probability of occurrence than the
design seismic action, without the occurrence of damage
كل للزلزال رجوع زمن95سنة.
حدوث عدم احتمالأيالتصدعات.
Third year Civil- Earthquake Engineering
31. FACTORS AFFECTING LATERAL LOADS
DUE TO EARTHQUAKE:
1- Zone and place of the building.
2- Lateral load resisting system.
3- Soil beneath foundations.
4- Usage of the buildings.
5- Plan and elevation configuration of the building.
(Height-Distribution of columns and shear walls- Mass
distribution -Shape of the buildings)
6- Fundamental period.
Third year Civil- Earthquake Engineering
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الرأسي التوزيع:
b
n
Jj
ii
i F
Wz
Wz
F
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Third year Civil- Earthquake Engineering