The document discusses the Linux operating system. It describes Linux as an open-source, free operating system that provides office software, games, video editors, and desktop environments. It explains that Linux uses a tree-like directory structure to organize files, similar to folders in Windows. Key directories include /bin for executable programs, /home for user files, /tmp for temporary files, and /var for variable or changing data. The document also distinguishes between absolute and relative file paths.

1. LINUX OPERATING
SYSTEM
Amar Jukuntla

2. Content
Introduction
Linux File System
Linux Directory Tree
Absolute Vs Relative Path

3. Introduction
An operating system is an
software which operates your
computer.
Linux
 Open source
 Free of cost
 All software products for linux
is free
 Office
 Games
 Video editors
 More desktop environments
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4. Linux File System
 Tree like structure
 AKA Directory Tree
 What is a folder?
 A folder that stores multiple specific files.
 Used to organize information.
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5. The Directory Tree
• Pretty much similar to a family tree.
• Each directory of file has exactly one
parent.
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6. Continue…
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8. binary Directory(/bin)
• Bin directory which stands for binary.
• This directory contains executable programs and commands that can
be used by all the users present in the system.
• Opt is an another directory.
• Opt stands for optional.
• This directory contains commercial software products, not installed by your system.
/opt Directory
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9. home Directory(/home)
• It contains all folders like desktop, documents.
• A user can store any thing in home directory.
• tmp is an another directory.
• tmp stands for temporary files.
• Many programs use this to create lock files and for temporary storage of data. Do not remove
files from this directory unless you know exactly what you are doing!
/tmp Directory
/sbin Directory
• System commands live here.
• /sbin is a standard subdirectory of the root directory in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems that
contains executable (i.e., ready to run) programs.
• They are mostly administrative tools, that should be made available only to the root (i.e., administrative) user.
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10. var Directory(/var)
• Var stands for variable data.
• It contains variable data. Data that frequently changes over time.
• It includes look files, mails etc…
• It holds all configuration files for the system.
/etc Directory
/lib Directory
• It holds all library files like windows. Example: DLL files in windows
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11. Continue…
• Linux is a multi user environment.
• Which means that, multiple users can use system
simultaneously.
• Each user given a directory under home directory.
• So a user can store any thing in home directory.
• Current directory is represented with single dot (.)
• Parent directory represented with double dot.(..)
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12. Absolute vs Relative paths
• An absolute path begins with the root directory and follows
the follows the directory tree branch by branch until desired
directory or file is completed.
• Example: /home/amar/documents/phone.txt
• A relative path starts with the current working directory.
• Example: ./documents/phone.txt
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13. Continue…
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14. Recap
 Operating System is a collection of different types of programs.
 An operating system is an software which operates your computer.
 LINUX is a open source operating system, free of cost.
 Linux  Directory, Windows Folder.
 Directory is a tree like structure.
 Absolute path is starts from origin, relative path starts from current directory.
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15. Next Session
 Different types of Files in LINUX
 System Calls
 Intermediate File Management
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