description of various insects damaging medicinal plants and their control. Infestation of pest can cause severe damage to plant and affects it quality and can also cause economic damages.

1. Submitted by-
Amandeep kaur
H-2019-10-BIV.
Section-A
ASSIGNMENT PPE-221
.
submitted to-Dr.
Rakesh

3. MEDICINAL PESTS:-
 ASHWAGANDHA— Withania sominifera.
 COLEUS— Coleus forskohli.
 PSYLLIUM—( Isabgol) Plantago orata.
 OPIUM/ POPPY— Papaver saminiferum.
 PERIWINKLE—Catharanthus roseus.
 SERPENTINE— Rauvolfia serpentina.
 LONG PEPPER— Piper longum.

4. PESTS OF ASHWAGANDHA
 1. HADDA BEETLE– (Epilachna vigintioctopunctata)
 FAMILY:-coccinilladae.
 ORDER:-coleoptera.
 NATUREOF DAMAGE:-
 Both the adults and the grubs inflict the damage
on the plants by scrapping the epidermis.
 They eat up regular areas of the leaf tissue and
leaving parallel bands of the uneaten tissue in
between.
 The leaf skeletonise, turn brown, become dry, and
fall off..

5. MANAGEMENT:-
Collect and destroy the infested leaves harbouring egg masses
and grubs in order to reduce the pest infestation.
 Spray NSKE (5.0%) or Carbaryl (0.15%) at the time of initiation
of infestation and repeat after a fortnight if infestation persists.

6. 2. MEALY BUG:- (COCCIDOHYSTRIX INSOLITUS)
 FAMILY-Pseudococcidae
 ORDER-Hemiptera.
 NATURE OF DAMAGE:-
 The nymphs and adults suck the sap
from the tender parts of the plant and
also produce honeydew while sucking
which attracts the sooty mould fungi and
affects photosynthesis of the plant.
 The affected plant becomes weak turn
yellow, wilt and dry.

7. MANAGEMENT:-
 The bug is parasitized by Leptomastrix nigrocoxalis and
Cheiloneurus latiscapus.
 In case of low incidence of the pest, manual removal of the
bugs works very well.
 Under severe cases of infestation, spray plants with Dimethoate
(0.05%) or Acephate (0.125%) .

8. 3. SPHINGID LARVA (DEILEPHILA NERI)
FAMILY-SPHINGIDAE
ORDER-LEPIDOPTERA
 NATUREOF DAMAGE:-
 The larva is a voracious feeder of
the foliage and results in severe
defoliation of the host plants.
 The defoliation eventually affects
the growth and yield of the plant.
 The infestation can be judged by
the presence of large round
faecal pellets in vicinity of the
infested plants.

9. MANAGEMENT :-
 For checking pest infestation use following methods:-
 Collect and destroy larvae infesting the plants.
 Under severe cases of infestation, spray plants with
Chlorpyriphos(0.04%) or Quinalphos(0.05%).

10. 1. TINGIDBUG–(MONANTHIA GLOBULIFERA WALKER
FAMILY-TINGIDAE
ORDER- HEMIPTERA
 All the stages (nymphs/adults) of the
bug are seen on the leaves sucking
the sap.
 The badly infested leaves curl up,
wither, dry up and finally drop off from
the plants affecting the yield.

11. MANGEMENT:-
 Practice following methods to manage the
pest:-
 Remove heavily infested curled leaves along
with the nymphs and adults and destroy
them.
 Spray the plants with Carbaryl(0.1%) or
Acephate(0.2%).

12. 2. SPIKE BORER–(HELICOVERAPA ARMIGERA)
FAMILY- NOCTUIDAE
ORDER-LEPIDOPTERA.
 NATURE OF DAMAGE:-
 In the early stages of plant
growth the larvae feed on the
leaves and defoliate the plants
but in the later stages the
caterpillars bore the spikes of the
plants thereby affecting the fruit
set.


13. MANAGEMENT:-
 Ichneumonid, Campoletis chloridae
Uchida is a major larval parasite of the
pest.
 Collect and destroy infested spikes
along with larvae to reduce the pest
incidence.
 Spray quinalphos(0.05%) or
carbaryl(0.1%) and repeat after 3
weeks.

14. 1. COTTON APHID-APHIS GOSSYPII GLOVER
FAMILY-APHIDIDAE
ORDER-HEMIPTERA
 NATUREOFDAMAGE:-
 The nymphs and adult suck the sap from
tender parts of the plant, lower surface of
the leaves and secrete honeydew and
attracts sooty mould fungi and hamper the
photosynthesis of plant and thus the yield.
 In severe cases plant becomes weak, leaf
curl up and wither.
 Plant show stunted growth, gradual drying
and eventually death of plant.

15. MANAGEMENT:-
 The lady bird beetles, coccinella
septempunctata and different
syrphids are common predators.
 Remove and destroy badly
affected parts of plant.
 Spray malathain(0.1%) for the
control of pest . Pongamia oil
(2%) also provides effective
control.

16. 1.CUT WORM—(AGROTIS SUFFUSA.)
FAMILY– NOCTUIDAE
ORDER-- LEPIDOPTERA
 NATURE OF DAMAGE:-
 The larvae cut off the plants the soil level
during night.
 They also damage the shoots of grown up
plants.
 The damage results in the retardation of
plant growth and affects the yield.

17. MANAGEMENT:-
 Hand pick and destroy thr larvae by
searching underneath the soil clods,
cracks and crevices.
 Flood the infested fields to kill the
larvae.
 Destroy caterpillars along with the
heap, as the caterpillar take shelter in
the heap of green grass in the
evening.
 If infestation is localized and low,
drench the plants with
chlorpyriphos(0.04%).

18. 2.CAPSULE BORER—(HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA)
FAMILY– NOCTUIDAE.
ORDER– LEPIDOPTERA.
 NATUREOF DAMAGE:-
 The larvae feed on the leaves and
defoliate the plants but in later stages
caterpillar bore the spike/capsule of the
plant thereby affecting the fruit set.


19. MANAGEMENT:-
 Collect and destroy infested
spikes/capsules along with
the larvae to reduce the pest
incidence.
 Spray Quinalphos(0.05%) or
carbaryl (0.1%) and repeat
after three weeks.

20. 1.LEAF CUTTING CATERPILLAR-(ANOMIS FLAVA)
FAMILY– NOCTUIDAE
ORDER– LEPIDOPTERA.
 NATUREOF DAMAGE:-
 The damage is caused by the
young larvaewhich congregate on
the leaves in small groups and feed
on the leaf lamina making small
punctures.
 The older larvae are voracious
feeders and feed on the leaves
leaving behind the mid ribs only.

21. MANAGEMENT:-
 Adopt clean cultivation and destroy
the damaged plant parts.
 Plough the fields to expose the
pupae.
 Pick and destroy egg masses and
larvae.
 Release parasitoids namely tricholyga
sorbillane and Litomastrix gopimobani
to check the infestation.
 In the case of high pest incidence,
spray the crop with the
dichlorovos(0.2%) or carbaryl (0.1%)
and repeat after 15 days if infestation
persists.

22. 2. SPHINGIDLARVA– (DEILEPHILA NERII)
FAMILY– SPHINGIDAE
ORDER– LEPIDOPTERA.
 NATUREOF DAMAGE:-
 The larva is a voracious feeder of
the foliage and results in severe
defoliation of the host plants.
 The defoliation eventually affects
the growth and yield of the plant.
 The infestation can be judged by
the presence of large round faecal
pellets in vicinity of the infested
plants.

23. MANAGEMENT:-
 For checking pest infestation use following
methods:-
 Collect and destroy larvae infesting the
plants.
 Under severe cases of infestation, spray
plants with Chlorpyriphos(0.04%) or
Quinalphos(0.05%).

24. 1.SCALE—(SAISSETIA COFFEAE) WALKER.
FAMILY– COCCIDAE
ORDER– HEMIPTERA.
 NATUREOF DAMAGE:-
 The scales (nymphs/adults) cluster on the
midrib, mid veins on the lower surface of
leaves, petioles and tender shoots of the
plants and suck the sap.
 Due to continuous draining of the sap
plants become stunted, leaves turn yellow
and drop off from the plants affecting the
yiels.

25. MANAGEMENT:-
 The important parasites are Aneristus ceroplastae, coccophagus
flavescens.
 Removal and burning of severely infested plant parts.
 Spray of malathion(0.075%) or dimethoate(0.03%) to check the
pest incidence.

26. 1. MEALY BUG –(DYSMYCOCCUS BREVIPES)
FAMILY– PSEUDOCOCCIDAE.
ORDER– HEMIPTERA.
NATURE OF DAMAGE:-
 The nymphs suck the sap from roots and
the underground vines and the affected
plant show yellowing symptoms.
 Such plants become stunted and the yield
of the plants is adversely affected.
 the affect of the bug is more severe
during summer months.

27. MANAGEMENT:-
 Destroy and uproot the severely infested plants.
 Apply neem cake @150 kg/ha in the soil to chck
the incidence.
 Drench the rhizosphere with Dimethoate (0.09%) to
get rid of infestation by the bug.

28. 2 TEA MOSQUITOBUG- HELOPALTIS THEIVORA
FAMILY:- MIRIDAE
ORDER-HEMIPTERA
 NATUREOF DAMAGE:-
 Flushing season. Severe usually at the time
of emergence of new flushes and panicles
i.e., when trees are in full bloom. ( Opctober
to January)
 However, in general it attacks the tree in all
the seasons during flushing, flowering and
fruit setting period but the peak period of
infestation is from October to March.
 Rainy season: Minimum activity and lives on
alternate hosts

29. MANAGEMENT:-
 Collect and destroy badly damaged plant parts.
 Maintain proper spacing between the plants to aviod
shading.
 Aplly NSKE 5% in soil or spray Malathion (0.1%) on the
foliage.