Chapter 4 Grammar, I

1. Chapter 4 Grammar

2. Infinitive
• There is a specific infinitive for each
conjugation
1st conjugation paro parare to prepare
2nd conjugation moneo monēre to warn
3rd conjutaion rego regere to rule
4th conjugation audio audire to hear
• The infinitive translate as ‘to ____’ and is used
in the same way as English
parare debeo I ought to prepare

3. Exercise 4.1
1. in uia ludere cupimus.
1. We want to play in the street.
2. ad ludum festinare debetis.
2. You all ought to hurry to the school.

4. Imperative
• The imperative is used to give orders
• Form using the infinitive
infinitive 1 parare 2 monēre 3 regere 4 audire
imperative
para mone rege audi
singular
imperative
plural
parate monete regite audite
• Negative commands use noli/nolite and the
infinitive
• Some verbs form imperatives irregularly
dico (I say) duco (I lead) fero (I bring) facio (I do)
singular dic duc fer fac
plural dicite ducite ferte facite

5. Exercise 4.2
1. ludum intrate, puellae, et sedete.
1. Enter the school, girls, and sit.
2. festina, Quinte, et litteras disce.
2. Hurry, Quintus, and learn the letters.

6. Irregular Verb eo, ire and possum,
posse
eo, ire
eo I go
is You go
it
He/She/It
goes
imus We go
itis You all go
eunt They go
possum, posse
possum I am able
potes You are able
potest
He/She/It is
able
possumus We are able
potestis
You all are
able
possunt
They are
able

7. Exercise 4.3
1. non possumus in uiam exire.
We are not able to go out into the street.
2. exi e casa, Horatia, ad ludum adire debes.
2. Leave the house, Horatia, you ought to
go to school.