Mechanical And Chemical Digestion Of The Digestive System

Mechanical And Chemical Digestion Of The Digestive System
Digestion is the process of breaking larger food particles into smaller particles that can pass through the plasma membrane. The digestive system is in
charge of this process. To begin, the mouth receives food, breaking it into smaller particles by chewing, a form of mechanical digestion with the teeth,
for absorption. The tongue aids in this process of chewing and swallowing as a muscular organ. Additionally, the salivary glands in the mouth secrete
saliva to help lubricate the food and begin chemical digestion with its digestive enzyme, salivary amylase. Also aiding in chemical digestion in the
mouth is mucin. When in the mouth, salivary mucins functions as a protective layer.
Once formed into a small rounded mass, called a bolus, the food passes through a sphincter, a muscular ring that regulates the size of an opening, and
enters the esophagus, a muscular tube leading to the stomach. No additional digestion occurs here. For the food to travel, it is lubricated with mucus
and moved by peristalsis into the stomach. At the end of the esophagus, at the opening to the stomach, is a sphincter. Once in the stomach, a J–shaped
organ in the upper left region of the abdominal cavity, the food goes through additional mechanical and chemical digestion. The churning action of the
stomach muscles physically breaks down the food while the acids and enzymes released help breakdown the nutrients. Hydrochloric acid, a strong
acid, helps break down protein and destroy foreign
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Lab Report Digestion
1.0. INTRODUCTION The primary function of the digestive system is to transfer nutrients, water, and electrolytes from the food consume into the
body's internal environment. The ingested food is essential as an energy source, or fuel, from which the cells can generate ATP to carry out their
particular energy–dependent activities such as contraction, transport, synthesis, secretion and even renewal of body tissues. Three primary categories
of food ingested by humans which are carbohydrates, proteins and fats emerge as large molecules. These large molecules cannot cross plasma
membranes intact to be absorbed from the lumen of the digestive tract into the blood or lymph; hence, it must undergo degradation in size (Sherwood,
2013). This... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Half of each tube's contents are poured into a new test tube each respectively after the tubes are incubated for 1 hour. One set of tubes is tested for:
5.1. Starch (Lugol's solution) 5.1.1. 3 drops of Lugol's solution is added to each tube. Presence of starch is indicated by dark purple color
occurrences. The amount of starch is indicated by the shades of reddish brown. 5.1.2. The amount of starch is rated based on the intensity (+++), (++),
(+), or (–). 5.2. Maltose (Benedict's solution) 5.1.3. 4 ml of Benedict's solution is added to each tube. 5.1.4. The tubes are then placed in a boiling
water bath for 2 minutes. 5.1.5. The tubes are removed using a clamp and the concentration of maltose is compared using the following scale: red
(+++), orange–yellow (++), green (+), blue (–).
3.2.2. Activity 2 1. Thin slices of cooked egg white with same size (about 0.5 cmВІ) are placed in four test tubes. 2. Following solutions are added to
the tubes and the pH of each tube is determined: Tube 1| Tube 2| Tube 3| Tube 4| 5 ml pepsin(5 % solution)+5 ml HCl(0.5 %)| 5 ml pepsin(5 %
solution)+5 ml water| 5 ml HCl(0.5 %)+5 ml water| 5 ml pepsin(5 % solution)+5 ml NaOH(0.5 %)| 3. The tubes are allowed to incubate in a 37ЛљC
water bath for 1 hour. The final pH of the solutions is tested and the amount of protein digestion is estimated using a scale of (+++), (++), (+), and (–) by

Digestion Research Paper
Digestion begins with the process of mastication; food enters the mouth and the teeth begin to crush and grind the food into smaller pieces to form a
bolus. Saliva is secreted from nearby salivary glands, which not only moistens food for easier swallowing, but also begins chemical digestion.
Swallowing (deglutition) occurs next; at the beginning of a swallow the tongue voluntarily pushes the bolus upwards against the palate and backwards
towards the pharynx. Involuntary reflexes are then initiated in order to prevent food from entering the respiratory tract; the uvula closes off the nasal
cavity and the epiglottis covers the glottis and seals off the larynx. As the bolus approaches the esophagus the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxes

Nutrition and Digestion
Module 2 Written Assignment
1. What are enzymes? What specifically is the role of an enzyme in digestion?
Enzymes are working proteins that facilitate chemical reactions without being changed in the process. Organs of the digestive system excrete digestive
juices, which contain enzymes that break the bonds of nutrients that can be absorbed.
2. Trace the path of a cheeseburger and fries through the digestive tract. Indicate each place where mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, and
absorption occurs FOR EACH NUTRIENT (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins). Be sure to fully explain the role of EACH organ involved (including the
pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).
In the mouth – food is crushed and chewed by teeth (mechanical ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The small intestine also contributes enzymes to complete the digestion process before nutrients are small enough for the cells to absorb (chemical).
In the large intestine – The digestion and absorption of proteins, fats and carbohydrates are essentially complete by the time the intestinal contents
enter the colon. Only water, fiber and some minerals remain. Only certain fibers can be broken down by bacteria (chemical digestion).The colon's task
is mostly to reabsorb water and minerals, leaving a paste of fiber and feces for excretion (mechanical) via rectum and anus.
3. How is the lining of the small intestine protected from acidic chyme entering from the stomach?
The pyloric valve of the lower stomach regulates the amount of chyme that exits into the small intestine, allowing only a little at a time to exit. Also,
once chyme enters the small intestine, hormonal messengers signal the pancreas to release alkaline pancreatic juice, bicarbonate, to neutralize the
stomach acid that has reached the small intestine.
4. Where are carbohydrates stored in the body? In what form are carbohydrates stored?
Carbohydrates are stored in the liver in the form of glycogen.

5. What happens to the volume (amount) and dilution (amount of water) of urine when alcohol is consumed? Explain in detail why this occurs, focusing

Digestion Lab Report
Science Script
Introduction;
Everyday, we eat and drink, often taking it for granted. Most people disregard what happens within our body during digestion process, So, what really
happens in our body when we digest?
Scene 1; Mouth
Digestion first begins in the mouth, using mechanical digestion. Incisors first bite into the food breaking the polymers into smaller monomers. As the
food goes further into your mouth the food is then ground by your molars. This breaks down the food into smaller particles, which is then mixed by
the tongue along with saliva. Saliva is secreted by the salivary glands into the mouth, and this saliva contains enzymes to help break down the food.
Complex carbohydrates, such as starch or glycogen, will be broken down ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Once the bolus enters the stomach, the lower oesophageal sphincter contracts to prevent acid reflux. Folds in the stomach allow for the stomach to
expand as the stomach fills. The stomach excretes hydrochloric acid and other enzymes which allow for the break down of the bolus, as well as mucus
to help protect the lining of the stomach walls against the stomach acid. Protein digestion begins in the stomach, where stomach acid of pH of 1
disrupts protein structure which allows for proteolytic enzymes, also known as proteases, to reduce large proteins to polypeptides (Human Anatomy).
Stomach acid has numerous jobs in the breaking down of the bolus such as; rendering minerals more soluble, maintains acidity, killing microbes and
converts inactive digestive enzymes to their active form. The muscle contractions in the stomach causes the bolus to turn into chyme, a food mixture
with a watery like texture. The chyme now enters the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter at the base of the stomach, which regulates the rate at
which chyme is released into the small

Good Digestion Is The Foundation Of Good Health
Good digestion is the foundation of good health; for instance, one could theoretically eat a perfect diet and take a multivitamin, but if these nutrients
aren't optimally absorbed all that's left is wasted time. The stomach isn't just one giant food processor and storage system, when you really think about
it, the stomach is also the barrier between the outside world and your internal physiology.
Digestive disorders, treatments, causes, etc. is an expansive topic. For the sake of time, I am going to focus primarily on treating an increasingly
common condition called "leaky gut syndrome", as it can lead to many serious complications down the road. The strategies you'll use to help fight
this, will also serve to increase your body's digestive capacity. Simply put, we need to remove this roadblock to ensure optimal digestion and absorption
of nutrients. Leaky gut syndrome is a condition where damaged bowel lining leads to increased permeability of the gut wall to substances that
shouldn't be going into your blood or interstitial areas. Certain things like bad bacteria, and foreign invaders do not get blocked from being absorbed
through your intestinal membrane, and things that should get absorbed don't. I also want to emphasize that "leaky gut" is common in irritable bowel
diseases such as celiac disease, crohn's disease, allergies, and many other things. This is why I want to focus so much on this aspect.
So what are the symptoms? Diarrhea, chronic joint pain, chronic

Digestion Start From The Mouth
The digestive process is the process by which foods are broken down, absorbed or excreted by the body. Digestion start from the mouth. Mastication
is the broken down of food into smaller particles and saliva contain mostly water which aid in chewing and swallowing. It also contain important
enzyme amylase, that begin the broken down of starches or carbohydrate. The food passes the esophagus from the mouth, a long tube which connect
from the mouth to the stomach. The muscle on the upper part of the stomach relaxes to receive large volumes of swallowed food or liquid from the
esophagus. Stomach is a muscle that helps to break down food into smaller pieces. Small intestine comes next in the order of digestive system. The
small intestine is an... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Protein is the most abundant substance in the human body. Protein are nearly the component of every cell and are often referred to as building
block because of their in development and repair of bone muscle skin and blood cells. Protein from food is broken down into amino acids by the
digestive system. Amino acids are used to build and repair muscles, for making hormones, red blood cells, hair and other tissues. Adequate protein
intake is also important for a healthy immune system. Because protein is a source of calories, it will be used for energy. Carbohydrates can be
grouped into two categories: simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates are sugars, complex carbohydrates consist of starch and dietary fibre.
Carbohydrate provides the body with energy that used to fuel it. Since carbohydrate is our preferred sources of fuel, our body must find another
source of energy when we do not eat enough. As a result, the body will break down stored fat in a process called ketosis. Ketosis produces a fuel
called ketones and is an important process that ensure sufficient energy is provided to the brain. When adequate carbohydrate intake continues for an
extended period of time excessive ketone are produced resulting in acid acidic blood and a condition called ketoacidosis. Fibre is the indigestible
portion of plant foods that helps move food through the digestive system. It softens stools by absorbing water. Fibres, also known as "bulk "or
"roughages" can be found in whole

The Complex Process Of Digestion Of The Human Body
Most of us think that the process that takes place in our stomach after we eat a meal it's very easy and simple when the truth is that it's a very complex
process. The process of digestion starts even with the simple thought of food, after that the body starts preparing the stomach for the food that is about
to be eaten. The food goes then through our mouth into our stomach, where is digested and dumped into the intestines to be thrown away. In order for
our stomach to digest the food completely, it has to go through three different stages and that's where the process of digestion occurs. The first stage it's
called cephalic phase, in this stage or phase, the brain perceives any sight, smell or taste of food, sending impulses to the brainstem

Chemical Digestion Research Paper
The mouth does both mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. Mechanically, your incisors cut food into small pieces, next your canines make the
food pieces even smaller, than premolars and molars crush and grind the food, finally saliva moistens the food to a slippery mass. Saliva contains
enzymes which speed the chemical reaction in the body, this part is the chemical digestion. Your mouth is the first in yourdigestive system.
Your esophagus connects your mouth to your stomach. It is made of smooth muscle that pushes your food to the stomach and is lined with mucus that
makes food be easier to swallow and move along. Food stays in your esophagus for about 10 seconds and is located in your throat.
The stomach is located in the abdomen and mechanically and chemically break down food. Mechanically, three strong layers of muscles contract and
turn your food. Chemically,the lining in the stomach produces digestive juice that digests proteins with an enzyme called pepsin. It also produces
hydrochloric acid that pepsin works best in and it kills bacteria in your food. Your stomach produces mucus that protects the stomach lining from the
acid. Damaged or worn out cells are quickly replaced. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Your small intestine is six meters long but only two–three centimeters wide. When liquid enters the intestine, it mixes with enzymes and secretions,
which are produced by the small intestine, and absorbs nutrient molecules.
The liver is located in the upper right portion of the abdomen and is the largest organ. Its job in the digestive system is to produce bile, a substance
that breaks up fat particles. It flows from the liver, to the gallbladder, then into the small intestine. It physically breaks up the fat particles.
Your pancreas lies between the stomach and the small intestine. It produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine to help break down starches,
proteins and

Gastric Digestion Research Paper
1. Firstly, the cracker enters the mouth. This is where the cracker is physically broken down by chewing, and chemical digestion of carbohydrates
begins. Salivary glands in the mouth produce saliva which moistens dry food and contains salivary amylase, a digestive enzyme that breaks down
carbohydrates. The cracker is then swallowed. Paristalsis (involuntary muscle contractions) push food down the esophagus. In the stomach the cracker
bathes it in gastric juices. Gastric juice is composed of three main parts; hydrochloric acid, mucus, and pepsin. Hydrochloric acid helps to digest the
cracker chemically and protects the body by killing bacteria present in the cracker. Mucus acts as a protective barrier preventing the gastric juice from
burning ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the right atrium the blood moves into the right ventricle through the AV valve. When the ventricles contract the blood is moves through the
semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery. This artery then branches off into the left lung and the right lung so that the blood can become oxygenated.
The oxygen–rich blood returns to the left atrium of the heart through the pulmonary veins.
4. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes, like excess water, and produce urine. The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra together form the
urinary tract, which drain urine from the kidneys. They also store the urine then release it during urination. The kidneys filter metabolic wastes, excess
ions, and chemicals from the blood to form urine.
Gravity as well as peristalsis of muscle tissue in the walls of the ureters move urine toward the bladder. The ends of the ureters extend into the urinary
bladder and are attached to the ureterovesical valves. These valves prevent urine from flowing back towards the kidneys.
The urinary bladder is used for the storage of urine. Urine entering the urinary bladder from the ureters slowly fills the bladder and stretches

Process Of Digestion Of A Burger
The process of digestion...
A.Burger
To begin the process of digestion the burger must be chewed up, this is a form of mechanical digestion. The saliva produced is used to break up
foods into smaller pieces so it is made easier to swallow, this is using chemical digestion. After being swallowed it travels down the esophagus, at the
end of the esophagus is a muscular ring which allows food to enter the stomach. After entering it squeezes shut keeping fluid and food from flowing
back up. Inside of the stomach, stomach muscles churn and mix the burger where digestive acids and enzymes are created to help break the burger
down into a liquid or paste. Once broken down it leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine. As the thick liquid food

Horse Digestion System Research Paper
The Equine Digestion System
By Alexine Liddle
The digestion system of a horse has a complex and marvelous design. It is also a delicate process. The horse digests food in an efficient manner, but
the system can be upset very easily if the animal does not eat properly. Because of its delicate design, the system must be given the proper types of
feed to prevent illness. From mouth to manure, digestion breaks a horse's food down into the nutrients necessary to sustain life. The process of
digestion begins at the mouth. Horses have very mobile lips with which they grasp their feed. Food goes from the lips to the teeth. Male horses have
around 44 teeth and females can have from 36 to 44. The horse uses its incisor teeth to cut the grass ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pharynx is the meeting place for the digestive and respiratory systems. It is there that the trachea goes to the lungs and the esophagus goes to the
stomach. The pharynx prevents horses from being able to vomit or breathe from their mouths. The esophagus is a 5 foot long tube filled with muscles
that squeezes the food down to the stomach. The wave motion that transports the food only moves down, which is another reason that the food cannot
come back up. The horse's stomach is very small in comparison to the rest of the system, making up about 10% of it. Food can pass through in as little
as 15 minutes. The three main areas of the stomach are the saccus caecus (sack–us seek–us), fundic, and pyloric regions. The esophagus dumps the
food into the saccus caecus region, where it is mixed with hydrochloric acid, which slows the fermentation process. If the food ferments, it creates gas,
and horses have very few ways to get rid of gas. In the fundic region, the fermentation decreases even further and the food mixes with pepsin and
stomach acid, which begin the digestion of proteins and fats. In the pyloric region, protein digestion increases and fermentation stops almost

The Digestive Tract Of Digestion Essay
All cells need nutrient and energy to live and this energy provided by processes that called digestion. For example, when we eat some things like
bread, meat, and vegetable, although they are delicious, but they are not forms of nourishment for the cells, therefore they need to change into an
acceptable form such as smaller molecules to absorb by blood and carry to body cells. Digestion is break downing of food into appropriate form to
absorb into the bloodstream. Digestion system contains the digestive tract called alimentary canal and associated glands that secrete digestive juices for
digestion of food. The digestion or breakdown is started when food is taken in the mouth and mastication performed by the teeth and exposed to certain
enzymes. The primary function of teeth is grasped and holds the food in the mouth cavity, they also modified to serve as a grinding mill for chewing
food that mentions to mechanical digestion. With the help of the teeth, tongue, and jaw movement, food are chewed and mixed with saliva that
secreted in the mouth and allowing chemical digestion to happen. The digestion of a ham, cheese, and lettuce sandwich begins in the mouth. The food
in the mouth active the endocrine glands to secretion digestive enzyme that called salivary amylase. It helps to break down carbohydrates and starch.
Thus, at this stage, the bread of ham and cheese sandwich chemically digested. Amylase is a starch digesting enzyme which breakdowns bread (starch)
into maltose that

Process Essay: The Digestion Of Cookies
A child came up to me today and ask me if he swallows a cookie what all happens to it. Once it enters the mouth, chemical and mechanical steps
work to break the cookie into smaller pieces and remove its nutrients for use by the body. Tracing the digestion of a cookie involves a quick trip down
your esophagus, a churn in the stomach and a slow, winding movement through the intestines.
The Mouth
The digestive process begins before the cookie even enters your mouth.Once you take a bite, your teeth initiate the mechanical digestion process.Your
teeth smashes the cookie into smaller pieces and your tongue pushes it down your throat( esophagus), but also begins the chemical digestion process
because it contains enzymes that break the cookie up into smaller softer pieces of molecules.
Stomach
Your stomach is a powerful organ.Pepsin goes to work on the cookie's fat molecules, breaking them apart into smaller pieces. The stomach also releases
hydrochloric acid, a powerful acid that helps break down stomach contents and destroys any harmful bacteria that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Chyme identifies the cookie's fat molecules, breaking them apart so they are easier for the pancreatic juice to digest. The pancreatic juice takes effect,
sifting through the cookie's nutrients and extracting the fat, protein and carbohydrate molecules. The pancreatic juice makes sure these nutrients are
broken down into their simplest components. Small hair–like projections lining the walls of the intestine grab these simple molecules and push them
into the bloodstream. The small amount of protein will be used to build muscles and tissues, while the carbohydrates and fats will be used to create
energy. The remaining cookie components are pushed into the large

The Process of Digestion
The Process of Digestion
Over the course of time there have been many difficult questions and theories about everyday life. Using physiology & chemistry, those
questions have been able to be answered. From the mixture of gases in the air we breathe to the organic substance of plastic or paper, chemistry can
be seen everywhere. However, most people mistook the power of chemistry in our own bodies. How is it that a simple slice of bread, once consumed,
can turn into fuel for the human body? Using the digestive system and its many organs through the process of digestion and metabolism is how our
bodies receive the energy it needs to continue on throughout the day and the rest of our lives. Chemistry then kicks in as food starts ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amino acids and fatty acids are mainly where we get our energy from. The whole process starts when we eat and our metabolism breaks down the
food. The amino acids and fatty acids are absorbed into the blood where once they attach to a cell, they are then able to speed up the chemical
reactions taking place while the amino and fatty acids are monitoring the reactions in the cell some energy is released. This energy can be stored
in the body until it is needed (Online School Edition, 2011). There are two forms of metabolism called anabolism and catabolism. Anabolism is
storing energy and maintaining cells while catabolism is all about making energy so that each cell has a specific amount to function properly
(Ballard, 2003). The body's metabolism is made up of many reactions that produce heat or a calorie. A calorie is a basic unit of heat that measures
how much energy a fixed proportion of food brings into the body. Calories are used to regulate the fat in our bodies too. If a person consumes too
much calories then the calories will turn into fat. The process of metabolism in each person's body is very unique and different. Some metabolisms
run slow, which results in less calories burned and others burn rather quickly, which results in fewer calories (McKenzie, 2010). Whatever the rate of
metabolism, many can agree that this process is diverse and complicated, but also very fundamental to everyday life. As everything else in

Food Digestion Research Paper
Digestion begins when one sees food. Upon seeing food the brain sends signals for the salivary glands to release saliva. When food is first placed
into the mouth by taking a bite it is masticated and broken down to increase the surface area so that food can be digested faster, as well as allowing
it to be swallowed. While being masticated food is moistened with saliva, which contains Amylase, which begins the process of breaking down
carbohydrates. Once thoroughly chewed saliva forms the food into a clump, which is called a bolus. Once food is chewed and formed into a bolus the
tongue pushes the food to the back of the mouth into the throat so that it can be swallowed. Swallowing occurs by reflexes opening and closing the
epiglottis, which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The bile that is released is produced by the liver, which then fills the bile duct before overflowing and then being stored in the gallbladder, which
then allows it into the duodenum through a duct. In between meals the gallbladder absorbs water and electrolytes from the bile. The bile that is
released is used to emulsify fats, which is to make the fats separate into small droplets. This allows them to be mixed with water and then acted upon
by enzymes to further help their digestion. It is easier for the lipids to be broken down once they are emulsified because they are smaller and the
lipase can attack it more completely. Bile itself is a green colored fluid that is made of minerals, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids, bile acids– also
called bile salts, and bile pigments. Bilirubin is what gives the color to the bile, and it is produced from the decomposition of hemoglobin as
previously stated. Bile acids are steroids that are formed from cholesterol. Both bile acid and lecithin, which is a phospholipid, help digest and
absorb fats. Anything else that is in bile is waste that will be excreted. In the end however around eighty percent of the bile acids are reabsorbed in the
ileum, which is the last section of the small intestine, and they are returned to the liver where they are absorbed and re secreted by hepatocytes. The
circle of secretion and reabsorption is called the enterohepatic

Anaerobic Digestion : The Process Of Anaaerobic Digestion
II. Anaerobic Digestion The Process of Anaerobic Digestion Anaerobic Digestion, also known as biodigestion, is a biological process that occurs
when organic matter is decomposed by anaerobic microorganisms in the absence of oxygen. This means organic matter is placed in a warm airtight
location and left for bacteria to digest. Anaerobic digestion occurs naturally in swamps and bogs but is not difficult to mimic at a landfill site. So
long as the anaerobic plant is properly monitored, biodigestion can allow the emission of methane (CH4), which is 22 times more potent as a
greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide (CO2) (ADBA), to be almost completely controlled in a safe and low odor environment. With the high heat levels
of anaerobic digestion, pathogenic organisms, like bacteria and fungus, and harmful weed seeds are destroyed. The economic benefits of anaerobic
digestion is very dependent on the type and quantity of feedstock used, the length of time spent in the digester, as well as the utilisation of the
by–products. Stages of Anaerobic Digestion The complete Anaerobic digestion process takes around 30 days. There are four identifiable stages of
biodigestion; Hydrolysis, Acidogenesis, Acetogenesis, and Methanogenesis.
In anaerobic digestion, hydrolysis is the essential first step, as the feedstock present is normally comprised of very large organic polymers, which are
otherwise unusable. During hydrolysis, enzymes produced by hydrolytic bacteria break down the

The digestion process of this meal starts with the cephalic phase, which is the earliest stage of digestion, where your brain thinks about and preps the
digestive organs to begin work once you consume food.
At that very moment your food enters your mouth the digestion process starts. Chewing is the mechanical digestion process that breaks your food into
smaller pieces that are easier to digest. While in your mouth saliva secreted from the salivary glands, which is the chemical digestion, is mixed with
your food to begin the process of breaking down the food into a simpler form your body can use and absorb. During this chemical digestion there are
three types of saliva produced from the different types of food.
–Sour and fatty foods produce a type of saliva making it easier to swallow larger foods.
–Sweets, vegetables, and fruit produce saliva that dilutes sugar.
–Bitter and salty foods produce salivary amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starchy foods into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a tube that connects the throat to the stomach and is the tunnel in which moves food from the mouth to the stomach. Through contracting and
relaxing of the esophagus muscles, know as peristalsis your food is welcomed into the lower part of the esophagus, known as the esophageal
sphincter. Here there is a valve that is normally closed but once food comes into contact with it, it opens and lets food into the stomach.
The stomach is a strong muscular sac that is the mixing bowl of the body where food will be mixed with gastric acid making a liquid called chyme.
Stomach muscles will continue to contract making chyme that will move to the pyloric valve, which is at the top of the small intestine, known as the
duodenum. While pepsin starts the digestion of proteins and lipids begin to break apart called gastric lipase. Also very small amounts of fat–soluble
molecules are absorbed through the stomach

Peristaltic Digestion Research Paper
Matt and Maria have now received and begun to eat their pizza. They have accomplished biting off a portion of a piece of pizza and proceeded to
chew and swallow. Digestion of the pizza starts in the mouth with food chewing and mixing it with saliva to make food bolus. Teeth are arranged
according to function starting with the incisors that cuts the food, canines that tear food, the premolars and molars that crush and grind the food. The
pizza will then proceed to the mouth through the pharynx and then the esophagus; a straight, muscular tube that descends through the chest to the
stomach. At the stomach, both chemical and physical digestion takes place. The food is churn physically and mixed with gastric juice like HCL and
pepsin enzyme to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The system behind fight response or the flight is the SNS. When someone gets shocked by an incident, SNS increases heart rate, a situation that
necessitates for energy provision. Blood flow increases directing blood to flow to the digestive system in order to provide more energy to the lungs,
heart, and muscles. PNS, on the other hand, stimulates digestion by increasing the flow of blood to the digestive tract. Through increased peristalsis
and stimulation of salivary gland secretion, food digestion increases with the increase of nutrients absorption (Kiba,

The process of digestion in the human body is a set of successive functions aimed at splitting the substances entering the body into simple compounds.
There are 4 phases of the digestive process.
1 – Food intake.
This process begins in the mouth – when we chew and swallow food and she, passing through the esophagus, gets into our stomach. At this stage, when
the food in the mouth, our brain and gustatory senses perform important work, helping us to enjoy the taste and smell of food and recognize it. At this
stage of digestion, enzymes are used to help break down complex products to small compounds and molecules. From the moment when the food enters
the stomach, the first stage is considered complete.
2 –Digestion of food.
When the food reaches ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, for vegetables and meat: the meat concentration is higher than the digestion of vegetables. After all the eaten food is split in the digestive
process, it is ready for the next stage.
3–Absorption.
During digestion, food is broken down into glucose, amino acids or fatty acid molecules. These molecules enter the small intestine, where the
absorption phase begins. Molecules are absorbed through the small intestine, and enter the bloodstream. Once in the blood, nutrients are delivered to
different parts of the body, where they are either used to support vital processes, or stored for future use. The process of what substances will be used
immediately, and which will be stored, controls the liver.
4–Extraction.
This process is the final stage in the digestion process. In this case, all the components of food that we used and that were not used to feed your
body, are deduced. Both urine and feces are forms of such disposal. Some components, such as insoluble fiber, are not absorbed by the body, but are
necessary for digestion. Insoluble fibers help your digestive system in the process of moving food waste through the

Digestion The food sample is digested by heating it in the presence of sulfuric acid (an oxidizing agent which digests the food), anhydrous sodium
sulfate (to speed up the reaction by raising the boiling point), and a catalyst, in this case the Kjeldahl tablets, to speed up the reaction. This process
converts any nitrogen in the food (other than in the form of nitrates or nitrites) into ammonia, and other organic matter to C02 and H20. Ammonia gas
is not released in an acid solution because the ammonia is in the form of the ammonium ion (NH4+) which binds to the sulfate ion (SO42–) and thus
remains in solution, which gives a greenish blue appearance: N (from flour) + H2SO4 п‚® (NH4)2SO4 + H2O + CO4 + other sample matrix
by–product Distillation... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the low pH of the solution in the receiving flask, ammonia gas is converted into ammonium ion, and concurrently converts the boric acid to the
borate ion, forming ammonium borate: NH3 + H3BO3 (boric acid) п‚® NH4+ + H2BO3– (borate

Preventing Cancer And Boost Digestion With Horseradish
Title: Prevent Cancer and Boost Digestion with Horseradish
Category: Health & Wellness
Tags: anti–cancer, UTI, sinusitis
Teaser: Horseradish may be more effective than pharmaceuticals for fighting infections.
Photo 1
Article: The more science studies whole foods the more we learn that they may ultimately be our salvation when it comes to curing major,
life–threatening illnesses. Even a humble root vegetable like horseradish – mainly used as a condiment – is now being studied for it's many health
benefits. Now, for the first time science has identified and measured cancer–fighting compounds, known as glucosinolates, noting that horseradish
contains approximately 10 times more glucosinolates than its superfood cousin, broccoli.
More than just heat and flavor
Powerful and pungent horseradish is well known for adding heat to dishes. But this plant is also connected to a wide variety of health benefits,
including its ability to aid weight loss, lower blood pressure, alleviate respiratory conditions, build strong bones, improve immune system health,
promote heart health, stimulate healthy digestion and most notably, horseradish can prevent cancer due to its extremely high levels of glucosinolates. A
recent study published in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemisty shows glucosinolates could help detoxify and eliminate cancer–causing
free–radicals in the body. "We knew horseradish had health benefits," said University of Illinois scientist Mosbah Kushad, "but in this study,

Discuss The Role Of Enzymes In Chemical Digestion
the body. The liver also has an excretory role, as it removes the yellowish bile pigment formed by the brake down of RBCs and puts them into the bile
for elimination from the body. The hepatic ducts drain the bile out of the liver and form the common bile duct that drains the bile into the duodenum.
The gallbladder is a sac attached to the undersurface of the liver. It has a folded interior and functions to concentrate and store the bile produced by the
liver. When there is no chyme in the duodenum the sphincter muscles within the duodenum remain closed and the bile back up the common bile duct
into the cystic duct that leads into the gallbladder. The gallbladder concentrates the bile by re–absorbing water from the bile back into the blood. The
bile contains the bile salts that emulsify the fats in the chime. It also contains cholesterol tat can be eliminated from the body. The cholecystokinin is a
hormone secreted from the intestinal mucosa and is triggered by fat in the chime. The CCK causes the gallbladder to contract and push the stored bile
into the ducts leading to duodenum.
20.Discuss the role of enzymes in chemical digestion. Page 517
Chemical digestion consists of numerous chemical reactions catalysed by enzymes in saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice. During
chemical digestion the enzymes very selectively speed up the breakdown of specific nutrient molecules. For example, the enzymes responsible for
speeding up the breakdown of fats,

Digestion is a multistep process that begins the moment you put a piece of food in your mouth or sip or drink.The mouth is the beginning of the
digestive track,and in fact digestion starts here.When taking the first bite of food ,chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily
digested,while saliva mixes with food to begin the process of breaking it down into a form your body can absorb and use. Its important to eat fiber,its
important because fiber helps to move stool through your digestive tract and colon,it actually helps to prevent colon cancer as it keeps your colon clean
and healthy.Other health benefits of fiber include reducing the incidence of heart disease,lowering cholesterol,blood pressure,glucose level and
inflammations and even weight loss. Because it creates a fullness within your intestines that help you eat less.Fiber is a component of all
plant–based,foods,such as whole grains,fruits and vegetables.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Probiotics can be supplied through food, beveranges and dietary supplements.Like all medication has side effects such as gas or bloating.More serious
effects have been seen in some people ,probiotics might cause infections that need to be treated with antibiotics especially in people with underlying
health conditions.They could also cause unhealthy metabolic activities ,to much stimulation of the immune system or gene

Digestion And Leaky Gut : Why Is Digestion Important?
Digestion and Leaky Gut
Why is Digestion Important?
Healthy digestion is crucial for health and wellbeing. Everything we ingest has a purpose, either it will nourish the body and act as fuel or will lead to
various health conditions, some can be minor but while some lead to chronic disease. If our digestive system is not working properly, even with the best
diet, nutrient absorption will be reduced.
A huge function of digestion is to breakdown food, reducing it basic nutrients to be used as our fuel. Most digestion occurs in the stomach and the small
intestine, but works synergistically with the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, adrenal glands, and thyroid glands.
The digestive system contains up to 70% of our immune system, therefore, without a healthy digestive system we can not have a healthy immune
system. When our digestion system is healthy, only waste is expelled and we absorb all the necessary nutrients from the food we consume.
What is Leaky Gut?
Ideally, the intestinal lining only allows completely broken–down nutrients to pass through into the bloodstream to be delivered to our cells. However,
when the intestinal lining becomes inflamed or damaged there is an extra burden and the tight junctions of the intestinal lining enlarge. This allows
large undigested molecules, especially proteins, and toxins to pass directly into the bloodstream. This alarms the immune system of a foreign substance.
The immune system identifies these substances as foreign, even

7 Digestion
Week 7 Digestion Lecture Study Guide
Based on information found in the lecture folder or other sources, answer the following questions.
1. What is digestion?
Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into usable molecules
2. List some other names of the digestive tract.
Alimentary Canal (GI Tract)
3. Explain where and how the mechanical breakdown of food occurs.
Teeth begin digestion mechanically, Chewing ("mastication") breaks apart food, 2 sets of teeth, and the teeth are, Incisors for cutting, Canines "fangs"
for tearing, and Premolars and molars for grinding
4. How does food move through the digestive tract?
Movement through the tube which is by wavelike motion called ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cells in the | | |
| |lining of the stomach | | |
| |secrete strong acid and | | |
| |powerful enzymes that are | | |
| |responsible for the | | |
| |breakdown process. When the | | |
| |contents of the stomach are | | |

Nutrition And Digestion Essay
1. The stomach is an expandable muscular sac that is capable of holding 2–4 liters of food and liquids and breaks them down with the use of
pepsinogen, an inactive form pepsin, a protein–digesting enzyme. If the stomach was damaged or dysfunctional, then it would be harder to gradually
release food into the small intestine at a rate suitable for proper digestion and absorption and to digest the food because it is not as small or digested
because the stomach also assists in the mechanical and chemical breakdown of the food as well as the killing of harmful bacteria due to the high
acidic environment due to the hydrochloric acid. (Audesirk, T., & Audesirk, G. (1999). Retrieved November 21, 2015 from Chapter 29:Nutrition and
Digestion. In Biology: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the small intestine were damaged or dysfunctional, food would not be digested or absorbed into the blood stream and this could result in starvation
and malnutrition. (Audesirk, T., & Audesirk, G. (1999). Retrieved November 21, 2015 from Chapter 29: Nutrition and Digestion. In Biology: Life on
Earth (5th ed., p. 585, 586). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.)
The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile. If the gallbladder was damaged or dysfunctional there would be softer and more frequent stools.
(Audesirk, T., & Audesirk, G. (1999). Retrieved November 21, 2015 from Chapter 29: Nutrition and Digestion. In Biology: Life on Earth (5th ed., p.
585, 586). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.) (General Surgery– Gallstones (Cholelithiasis). (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2015, from

Discussion/Conclusion As stated before, the experiments performed in this lab sought to determine what conditions are necessary for the digestion of
lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. It was hypothesized that certain conditions are necessary in order for digestion to occur. For the lipid test, it was
predicted that the presence of pancreatic lipase would be required for digestion and that the addition of bile salts would speed up the rate of digestion.
Digestion occurred in tubes 1–3 because they changed color from blue to green, indicating that fatty acids were released as a result of digestion.
Digestion occurred in tube 1 because it contained the lipids, bile salts, and pancreatic lipase. The rate of digestion was also faster because of the
presence of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to the results presented in table 2 above, digestion occurred in tube 1 and 3 as indicated by their color change from blue to bright orange.
The orange color indicates that there was a moderate amount of sugar present in the solutions of tubes 1 and 3. Digestion occurred in tube 1 because it
contained both the starch substrate and the pancreatic amylase. Digestion should not have occurred in tube 3 because while it did contain the enzyme, it
did not contain the substrate. However, the pancreatic amylase could have reacted with the distilled water present in the tube. Digestion did not occur
in tube 2 because the enzyme was not present. The conditions required in order for digestion of carbohydrates to occur are a neutralized environment
rather than the acidic environment of the stomach, pancreatic amylase, and a starch–containing substrate. The neutralized environment is required for
the pancreatic amylase to be active (Morris, Hartl, & Knoll, 2016). These conditions are supported by the results shown by tube 1 in table

Sugar Digestion Lab Report
The normal process of digestion of sugar in the body: 1.After the sugar gets to the stomach, it is broken down into pieces due to the stomach acid.
2.The stomach empties the sugar into your intestines where it becomes monosaccharide. 3.Most sugar digestion happens in the intestines. Intestinal
enzymes complete the sugar breakdown and then it is absorbed into the bloodstream, providing us with energy. Before watching the video, I had
dinner. I got chicken breast, marinated Brussel sprouts, two small red baked potatoes, and apple juice. The chicken breast and Brussel sprouts don't
contain sugars. The nutritional value of the two potatoes is as follows Only one potato has 2.5 gm sugar + 1g Glucose + 0.8g Fructose + 0.8g Sucrose
= 5.1g

DIGESTIVE CHEMISTRY
Author: Glory Ogunwale
Class: Human Anatomy & Physiology II Laboratory
(Biol 2120L–165)
Instructor: Robyn Williams
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to demonstrate the processes involved in digestion of carbohydrates and proteins & lipids. Results showed that the
digestion of starch is only possible at room temperature (37oC) (highlighting the significance of using 37oC as the incubation temperature since this
temperature simulates an environment of normal body temperature) while the digestion of protein assessed using pepsin yielded a positive outcome
and correlation in PH to gastric juice, which is secreted by gastric glands.
Introduction
Digestion is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food that we eat and the process starts in the mouth and moves down the alimentary canal. In
the mouth, large chucks of food are chewed into smaller particles and then moves down through the alimentary canal for chemical digestion, which is
also essential for nutrients to be absorbed, by the small and large intestine. Chemical digestion involves the mixing of the food particles with different
enzymes that further break them down. The alimentary canal is also known as the Gastrointestinal (GI) tract and consists of the mouth, esophagus,
small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
Digestion of protein happens in the stomach. When a protein polymer is broken down (polymers are the large

The Digestive System Of Digestion Essay
Digestion is the breaking apart of foods into smaller and smaller units and absorbtion is the movements of those small units from the gut into the
bloodstream or lymphatic system for circulation. (1) The digestive system is what keeps you going from day to day because without the digestive
system you wouldn't be able to consume anything. You also wouldn't be able to absorb the necessary nutrients you need for your body to keep
functioning correctly. The organs that play a role in the digestive system is the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, appendix,
rectum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and the anal canal. The mouth is where it all starts. Before you even take a bite of your food, the smell of the
food is what triggers your salivary glands which include the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands in your mouth making it start to water. Your
saliva increases when you taste the food. When you chew the food into smaller pieces the enzyme amylase breaks food into small sugar molecules. To
start fat digestion another enzyme is released at the base of the tongue called lingual lipase. A bolus is easy to swallow and is formed when saliva and
other fluids in the mouth mixed with mucous. Bolus slides past the epiglottis and then goes through the esophagus and to the stomach where it is then
digested. The esophagus is a muscular tube connecting the pharynx to the stomach that is part of the upper gastrointestinal tract. (4) This organ carries
the

Task 4
Task 4 – Chemical digestion
The digestive system is the process that involves the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum. For the body to function,
the body`s cells needs energy and that energy will come from the food we eat. All the food we eat contains nutrients, carbohydrates, glucose, lipids,
protein and many more other substances. The only way the body can absorb and convert these nutrients into energy to our cells is through breaking
down the large molecules into smaller pieces and moist by the action of enzymes. Features of each organ
Mouth:–It contains the teeth, gums, soft palate, hard palate, the tongue and the lip. The soft and hard palate`s functions of prevent the large pieces to
enter the body and mainly separate from trachea and esophagus. The tongue is where the saliva is mixed with enzymes and watery content to moist the
food and allow the movement during mastication. The teeth breaks down food. Esophagus:– It is located inside of the trachea, near the windpipe that
is responsible for the respiratory system, these two structures are separate by the epiglottis. A muscular movement that pulls the food downwards is
called peristalsis. Stomach:– It has a J–shaped structure that can increase or decrease its surface area by the rugae and contain a rich quantity of
digestive juice that breaks down large molecules
Liver:– It is made up of two parts called lobes. The right and the left lobes are supplied by the hepatic artery and

Blood and Digestion
Blood a journey through the body. You might find yourself asking, what does blood have to do with digestion, respiration and circulation? Hopefully,
after the presentation all of your questions will be answered.
When a person thinks of digestion they usually think about what happens in the stomach. A lot has happened to digest the food way before it gets to
the stomach. It starts in the mouth or oral cavity. It is a process called mechanical digestion. First, Mastication begins. Mastication is the chewing of
the food. A person will crush, grind and tear the food apart. That gets the food ready for deglutition. Deglutition is the swallowing of the mashed up
food. When we swallow peristalsis begins. Peristalsis is what happens ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like the nose it also filters dust and other particles from reaching the lungs, and it has mucous membranes to warm and moisten the air. When the air
leaves the pharynx it moves on to the larynx. The larynx is also called the voice box. It not only remains open for speech, but also during respiration.
The larynx merges with the trachea just below the vocal cords. The trachea is also called the wind pipe, and it is a one inch tube that connects to the
bronchi. The bronchi divide into the right and left mainstream bronchi. After entering a lung each side branches off forming many smaller passages. In
the center of the bronchi is the lumen. It is the central opening where the air passes through.
The lungs are sponges that fill with air, and fill every inch the surrounding thoracic cavity. The lungs contain lobes. The lobes divide each lung, and
the right lung being bigger has more lobe divisions. The pulmonary veins enter here and exit here as well. Inside the lungs are clusters of air sacks
that are called alveoli. The alveoli are part of the bronchioles that enter each lung. The oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs. The
exchange happens from a small blood vassal nod the alveoli. When the oxygen exchange is completed the inhaled air moves into the blood. While the
oxygen moves into the blood the carbon dioxide is exhaled by the lungs. Before the blood can be moved properly it has to be made into oxyhemoglobin.

Essay on Digestion of Cheetos
Digestion of Cheetos It's a typical day. After school you get home and you are starving, but you just want a snack. "What should I eat?," you ask
yourself. Then, after looking through the cabinets for a few minutes, you find Cheetos and decide to eat a few. With just the presence of those Cheetos
in your sight, the digestion process begins in your 9 meter long digestive tract.
Crunch, Crunch, Crunch. As you munch on those first few Cheetos the digestion process begins in your mouth. Here, mechanical digestion begins to
reduce the size of the Cheeto and mixes the food particles with saliva. The tongue helps mix and move the pieces of Cheeto throughout the mouth. The
salivary glands in the mouth also contribute to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now in the duodenum, accessory organs add their secretions to the chyme. First is the pancreas. It adds pancreatic juice to the chyme, which contains
many enzymes that digest carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids, and proteins. Pancreatic amylase begins to split the last of the fifteen grams of
carbohydrates into double sugars. The pancreatic lipase breaks down the ten grams of fat into fatty acids and glycerol. There are three other
protein–splitting enzymes called trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase.
These break the bonds between particular combinations of amino acids in proteins. The hormone, secretin, controls the secretion of pancreatic juices.
When CCK and secretin join together, they slow down the activity of the stomach. The liver is another important accessory organ. It stores many
substances, glycogen, iron, and vitamins A, D, and B12. It also helps maintain the normal concentration of blood glucose. The liver produces bile,
which is important to digestion. The gall bladder stores, strengthens, and secretes the bile. CCK stimulates the gall bladder to secrete bile.
Bile salts aid digestive enzymes. They break down fat globules into smaller droplets and enhance absorption. The Cheetos, in the form of chyme, are
now traveling through the small intestine. In the small intestine, sucrase, maltase, and lactase split the double sugars into simple sugars, and

How The Process Of Human Digestion Works
How the process of human digestion works is it starts with your mouth, the digestion starts as soon you take your first bite of your meal. When you
chew it helps the process by making it easier for the food to digest. Also the saliva mixes with the food so that it can form it into something that the
body can absorb and use. The next place the food goes is the pharynx (throat), then the esophagus or swallowing tube. The esophagus gets the food from
the throat to the stomach. After the stomach is the small intestine it continues the breaking down process of the food by using enzymes released by the
pancreas and bile from the liver. There are 3 other organs that help the small intestine break down the food we eat. They are pancreas, liver, and

Digestion Lab
Digestion Lab Abstract – The purpose of this lab was to understand how different solutions played a role in the digestion protein. By looking at
different variables, such as temperature, and pH we're capable of understanding just how certain substances functioned and when they didn't. The
data for all labs are clear and concise and give a clear understanding of what solutions work best. All three labs were placed in a warm water bath set
at 37'C to stimulate the reaction as if it were taking place within the human body. This gives us a more accurate reading on how they would react at
that set temperature. We concluded why certain tubes changed to the color they did and further explained it. This lab focuses primarily on two crucial...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Enzyme pepsin X.Gastric juices XI.Incubator (warm water bath) Outline [Gastric Digestion] 1.Label the 3 test tubes with your initials and number
each 1,2, and 3. (This allows for them to be distinguished) 2.Measure out one scoop of albumin powder (rich protein) and place it into each
individual tube. 3.Add 5mL of 0.4% pepsin solution to test tube 1 4.Add 5mL of 0.2% HCl to test tube 2 5.Add 5mL of gastric juices (contains both
pepsin solution and HCl) to test tube 3 6.Stir all tubes slowly and carefully; mix contents well 7.Gently place the tubes in a 37'C water for an hour.
8.After the hour has passed, remove the tubes and add 2–3 drops of biuret reagent to each tube and shake. 9.Record the color change that occurs. [Part
A] 1.Retrieve three more test tubes and label them 1,2, and 3 2.Add 5 mL of 5% starch solution to each tube 3.Add 5 mL of pancreatic solution to
test tube 1 4.Add 5 mL of water to test tube 2 5.Add 5 mL of boiled pancreatic solution to test tube 3 6.Gently shake the tubes to mix the contents
inside 7.Place the tubes in 37 degree water for 30 minutes 8.Remove the tubes and add 2–3 drops of Iodine – potassium – iodide solution to each tube.
9.Again, gently shake the tubes to mix the contents [Part B] 1.Retrieve two more test tubes and label them 1, and 2 2.Add 10 mL of litmus milk (PH
Indicator) to each tube 3.Add one scoop of pancreatin powder to test tube 1 4.Add a few drops of distilled water to test tube 2 5.Gently

Research Paper On Digestion
Digestion: From beginning to end
Digestion, how you get your energy and nutrients, seems simple. However, it is actually a complex process involving three organ systems and many
stages.
When food is put in the mouth, the teeth grind it up into a paste and the amylase in the saliva begins to break down the carbohydrates. Swallowing
takes the food into the oesophagus and by peristalsis moves it into the stomach. In the stomach, strong hydrochloric acid breaks down complex proteins
over a period of a few hours. The resulting mixture then moves into the small intestine, the start of which is called the duodenum. Here, bile from the
liver and enzymes from the pancreas mix into the food. As the mixture moves down the small intestine, the enzymes ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, respiration requires two ingredients – glucose and oxygen. The glucose is obtained from carbohydrates, but the oxygen must be taken from
the air. The diaphragm contracts, expanding the lung cavity and sucking in air through the mouth and nose. It passes through the trachea, splits into
two when it meets the bronchi and splits many more times through the bronchioles and into the alveoli.
The blood passes through the vena cava and into the right side of the heart, where the valves accelerate it towards the lungs through the pulmonary
artery. It travels into capillaries and passes by the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. Oxygen in the alveoli is taken by the red blood cells and
carbon dioxide from the plasma is passed into the alveoli. The newly oxygenated blood travels through the pulmonary vein and back into the theart,
this time the left side of it. The blood gets pumped through the aorta and other arteries before it gets to the cells it needs to go

Discussion Board Of Oral Digestion
I chose the oral cavity to describe for this discussion board. The oral cavity ingests, chews, and swallows the food so that it may enter our bodies.
The oral cavity is the place where digestion begins. Before it goes anywhere in the body it has to enter our mouths first so that it may be
mechanically broken down with the help of our teeth and saliva. Saliva contains digestive enzymes that help break down the food particles so that it's
easier for us to swallow. Hanging at the back of the throat is the uvula which is there to serve for more than one purpose. The first purpose being it has
a role in speech production, and the second one being the gag reflex. The reflex is stimulated when food enters the throat without swallowing. This
prevents

Gastric Secretion: What Is Gastric Digestion?
According to Huether & McCance (2012) gastric secretions is stimulated by eating (gastric distention), by the hormone gastrin, paracrine pathways
(histamine, ghrelin, somatostatin), by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and chemicals (ethanol, coffee, protein). The stomach secretes large volumes
of gastric juices or gastric including mucous, acid, enzymes, hormones, intrinsic factor, and gastroferrin. Intrinsic factor is necessary for the intestinal
absorption of vitamin B12 and gastroferrin facilitates small intestine absorption of iron (pg. 876). Parietal cells aid in digestion by secreting hydrochloric
acid. Acid in the stomach functions to kill bacteria, and to aid digestion by solubilizing food. The acid is also important to establish ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Peptic ulcer is the same thing but it is located in the lower esophagus, stomach, and duodenum and Gastro esophageal reflux disease is acids that
come up from the stomach into the esophagus. Not only do these disorders all deal with acids but they all are an overproduction of these acids.
These all cause pain. However the location of the pain is different in the various disorders. All of these require lifestyle changes such as diet,
cessation of smoking, alcohol, and caffeine (Huether & McCance, 2012). The risk of gastritis gets higher as we get older because our stomach lining
thins with age. Diagnosing consist of history and physical (H&P), H. pylori testing, imaging; such as a barium study as well as endoscopy (EGD).
Treatment for gastritis includes antacids, acid reducing medications, antibiotics, and stress management (Mayo Clinic, n.d). Like gastritis, testing for
peptic ulcer disease is diagnosed by H&P, H. pylori testing as well as endoscopy. It is also treated like gastritis, although surgery is an option if all
other treatments fail (Ramakrishnan & Salinas, 2007). GERD can present in newborns through adults. The diagnosis is by symptoms, testing to
monitor the amount of acid in your esophagus, esophageal motility testing, as well as barium swallow and EGD. Treatment is the same as with gastritis
and

Mechanical And Chemical Digestion Of The Digestive System

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