Healthcare System ( Shs ) Is A Not For Profit Health System

Healthcare System ( Shs ) Is A Not For Profit Health System
Smithson Healthcare System (SHS) is a not–for–profit health system which serves the greater community of Newland County and other rural satellite
counties within the state. In 2013, SHS unfolded a new heart clinic located at their Smithson East hospital as a tactical response to some disturbing
outcome data and the evolving healthcare environment. The clinic's purpose was to improve outcomes for patients with a primary diagnosis of heart
failure and respond to reimbursement changes associated with the Affordable Care Act (ACA). After three years of aggregating data on the operating
performance of the heart clinic, an evaluation of the impact and success of the clinic is required. This analysis will offer conclusions and suggestions
that will influence the future of the heart clinic's vitality for consideration to Smithson East's Chief Operating Officer (Chelsea Rigland) and its senior
staff. Financial Information: The document severely lacks pertinent financial information for the three years of operation of the heart clinic. Besides
some minimal information of mean revenue and expenses for 2011, the document neglects to offer any other valuable financial information for
consideration. This section can be further expanded with details of an income statement, balance sheet and current statement of cash flows. Financial
statements can be a healthy management tool to illustrate the success of operating performance to appropriate stakeholders and their constituents.
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Operation Of Health Care System
OPERATION OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
The medical system in Cuba is a national priority, it provides care to every citizens. It is primary care based, which means that team of doctors and
nurses are in every part of the country and are responsible for the health of a geographically defined population of 800–1800 people. Most of the
frequent visitors and people with chronic diseases, usually they spent half the day consulting people in office and other half for the home visit. They
are expected to be available for the patients in their community 24 – 7 for any urgent cases. Some of the doctors in these settings are residents in the
second of their two–year FM residency, and they include those from other countries whose governments permit ... Show more content on
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Health care system is structured on two levels.
Level 1: Primary health care
Family doctor unit
Polyclinics (includes dental care)
Specialty institution
Mother's home
Grandparents home
Community mental health clinic
Level 2: Secondary health care
Inpatient hospital
Inpatient nursing homecare
One of the key differences between the US health system and Cuba health system is that Cuba focuses on preventing diseases rather than treating the
diseases. And everyone will be having family physician and nurses. For the Cuba health system there are no private hospitals, all hospitals and clinics
are controlled by the government and people are given access to the system without any cost. Every patient are visited by the family physician at home
once in a year, one with chronic disease will be visited frequently. If it is necessary patients are referred for specialty evaluation, but after the evaluation
they will come back to the community team for ongoing treatment.
This prevention orientation structure has produced positive result for the Cuba. Vaccination rates in Cuba is the highest in world. The infant mortality
rate fallen from 80 per 1000 live births to 5 per 1000, lower than US.
PRINCIPLE OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM
The principle that govern the public health system in Cuba are:

The public and social nature of the medicine
Access to services at no cost
Preventive

Health System Ethics
Issue
In support of the board of directors' commitment to an IT initiative for the health system, we are evaluating different vendors for the selection of an
innovative health system that:
Includes a CEHRT (Certified Electronic Health Record technology).
Allows for structured data that complies with established government standards and requirements to qualify for use in Medicare and Medicare EHR
incentive programs.
Flexibility for implementation of national incentives, government requirements or future provisions that might affect the purchase, features or use of
the new system.
We have evaluated implications and present some recommendations for your consideration of qualifying IT Health Systems as part of your initiatives...
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oOne of the main components for the HITECH is the Medicare and Medicaid EHR Incentive Programs. These programs give incentive payments to
eligible professionals, hospitals, and critical access hospitals (CAHs) that implement or upgrade to a certified EHR (Wager 8). An additional incentive
is received if we can demonstrate "Meaningful Use" of interoperable electronic medical records. The concept of electronic health records–meaningful
use (EHR–MU) [8] implements the provisions of the ARRA (American Recovery and Reinvestment Act) of 2009 that provide these type of incentives.
Other regulations related to Health Information Technology that we will need to consider for this memo are:
oThe CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments) program ensure quality laboratory testing. All clinical laboratories must be properly
certified to receive Medicare or Medicaid payments (CMS.gov). o The FDASIA (Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act) [6] is a
risk–based regulatory framework for health IT. It includes medical mobile applications that promote innovation, protects patient safety, and avoids
regulatory duplication. o HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). HIPAA was intended primarily to make insurance more
affordable and accessible for the consumers. Later on, it included provisions to simplify administrative processes, provide patients with certain rights
concerning

Health Systems And The Health System
From my point of view, I believe that the health system is facing a hindrance in providing value to the patient. The inability to provide high quality, low
cost health care is now a double edged sword in our industry. In a time where reimbursements are made on the patients perceived quality of their
treatment, the organization can no longer afford to run the business off of the volume of patients seen. Moving forward, I believe that there are many
changes that can be made, both internally and externally, throughout the health system to successfully implement patient centered care, which would
enhance our value chain. Based on the following recommendations, I believe that the cost savings, or revenue generated, would impact the health
system substantially. Currently we are receiving a 1% penalty on a section of outpatient physician practices. This proposal would allow for us to
cease paying a 1% penalty, and also allow for us to receive possible incentive payments for striving to create a high quality at a low cost. To fulfill my
proposal, the entire health system would need to be educated, and willing, to make changes in their daily routines. In a small community hospital
where culture and politics often predict outcomes, this would have to be a task that bypassed these factors. The clinical staff will have will impact the
most change, but all of the support staff will need to take action for the plan to be successful. Although initially the proposed action to increase

Health Care System
Given the fact that the United states of America and Canada are linked together sharing a border which is open basically to and from both sides, their
health care systems are highly different from each other and how the services are financed, organized and given to the citizens.
In Canada, healthcare comes from the 'Single payer system' (Canadian health care system, 2013). Single payer is known to be quite normal in many
other countries, for example, New Zealand. It is basically a publically funded system that is provided by the provincial governments through taxes with
guidance and some funds from the federal government (Canadian health care system, 2013). This health system covers Canadian citizens, permanent
residents and temporary ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of all the U.S. citizens need a more privately owned insurance to cover the cost of medical care services. Group health insurance purchased by
employers were introduced originally during World War II, when wages froze it caused employers to offer benefits such as a way to compete for
workers. Nearly every amend since the early 1970s has desired to grow this concept of things. There are now currently more than 1200 privately
owned insurance companies in America. Public insurance is provided for the poor that can't afford good healthcare (Medicaid) and for those over age
sixty–five (Medicare). The Medicare system administers medical coverage for those who are at the age 65 and older. In addition, younger people
with disabling illnesses or injuries are suitable for Medicare coverage. Those who are under age 65, but do not have health insurance are too poor
to afford it and are eligible for medical coverage through Medicaid. Medicare is financed by federal income taxes, while Medicaid is funded by a
blend of state and federal taxes. Medical insurance for those who can't seem to get it anywhere else is actually paid for by the more prosperous
citizens, basically the rich and well paid citizens. It is paid not directly, but through work and taxes that they pay

Health System In Australia
There is an old joke about one fish asking another about the state of the water and the other answering "what's water?" When one is immersed in
something and that is his daily experience he is not able to step outside it – all you sees is what he knows.
With all the talk about Australia'shealth system being untenable, it's useful to step back and look at the Australian health system in an international
context.
Australia's health system is complex, and best described as a web of services, providers, recipients and organizational structures. And they all seem to
be doing a good job because research conducted by Grattan Institute/OECD shows that. Australia sits above average in life expectancy when compared
to other countries. This is good ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Australian Nobel Laureates Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet and Professor Peter Doherty, were the first to change scientists' basic understanding of the
function of the immune system, as well as the way infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases (A disease in which the body produces antibodies that
attack its own tissues, leading to the deterioration and in some cases to the destruction of such tissue) are diagnosed and treated. Another Australian
Nobel Laureate Sir Howard Florey developed the first antibiotic, penicillin, for use in humans.
Due to all these discoveries Australia has been fortunate in its experience with infectious diseases over the past century. By the 1960s, many
communicable diseases were controlled. Australia is the leader of world immunology.
At present scientists from CSIRO research institute are studying mosquitoes and other insects that carry and transmit disease causing viruses in order
to gain knowledge on the viruses they carry, how they develop immunity against them and how to best prevent or manage these animal and human
health

Health Insurance System
In the United States, there are three basic systems in which healthcare are financed: private insurance, public insurance, and uninsured. Within private
and public insurance, there are several different types of plans that assist in financing health care. Private health insurance utilizes various healthcare
providers to provide cost–sharing in receiving healthcare services through benefits provided by employers or for premiums (Shi & Singh, 2015). Some
examples of healthcare providers are commercial insurance companies, self–insured businesses, and managed care organizations (Shi & Singh, 2015).
Each healthcare provider outlines the coverage benefits, individual out–of–pocket requirements, and limitations through an insurance contract or plan...
This type of insurance is financed through governmental entities for the elderly, disabled individuals, low income individuals or families,
underprivileged children, Native Americans, and military members and their families (Shi & Singh, 2015). Depending on the services, individuals
may be required to pay a co–payment dependent on the program and the financial abilities of the individual or family (Shi & Singh, 2015). The
advantage of public health insurance is providing high–risk individuals and their families or veterans and their families with health insurance plans for
health care services at a discount or gratis. Many high–risk individuals and their families would not be able to afford health care services because of
the lack of income or ability to work. Also, one of the benefits of serving in the military is the health care supported by the government for protecting
the country. The disadvantage of public health insurance is the limitation of funds and services subsidized by the government. Each of these programs
are limited by eligibility requirements, approved health care services, and the budget sustained by governmental

Health Care Delivery System Us Public Health System
Title US Health Care Delivery SystemUS Public Health System
Mission Achieving universal access, delivering services that are cost–effective, and meeting pre–established standards of quality.Ensuring conditions in
which the entire population can be healthy by protecting, promoting, and advancing the health and safety of the nation.
Structure–There are four functional components of health care delivery system. 1–Financing: to purchase insurance or to pay for health care services
consumed. 2–Insurance: to protect against catastrophic risk
3–Delivery: to provide health care services. 4–Payment: to reimburse providers for services rendered.
–The subsystems of US Health Care Delivery includes: Managed Care (HMOs and PPOs), Military, Vulnerable Populations, and Integrated
Delivery.The entities Comprising the Public Health Infrastructure include: County and city health departments and local boards of health – State,
territorial, and island nation health departments – Various U.S. Public Health Service agencies in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)
– Tribal health agencies coordinated at HHS by the Indian Health Service – Public and private laboratories – Hospitals and other private–sector
healthcare providers – Volunteer organizations, such as the American Red Cross, American Diabetes Association, American Cancer Society.
WorkforceEmploys approximately 10 million people:
850,000 doctors
3 million nurses
168,000 dentists
208,000 pharmacists
700,000

U.s. Health Care System
The U.S. health care system is perhaps one of the most complex and plastic industries present within the current world economy. With a projected
market sector value of $3,455.1 billion by the end of 2016 the U.S. health care providers market represents a significant portion of the economy
("Research and Markets; Healthcare Providers in the United States," 2012). For someone that finds themselves in the position of management it is
certainly an orthodox presumption that they incorporate into their repertoire the tools necessary to survive in a constantly evolving workplace. The
purpose of this paper is to examine several emerging influences on the U.S. healthcare system and what they mean for managers in the workplace.
Specifically,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Statistically better risk–adjusted outcomes for the elderly are associated with better–performing teams with regard to interdisciplinary health care
management when considering a program. This of course means that implementing such teams is not as much of a principle importance as making
sure those teams are performing well. This includes providing a robust program with diverse services in place at elderly care centers to meet the many
multifaceted healthcare demands of the elderly population. While less progressive, PACE programs when compared to less restrictive designs are
associated with significantly less utilization of hospitals and emergency rooms (Mukamel et al., 2007). Simply put, if a healthcare organization utilizes
PACE as part of their healthcare management for the elderly population they will reduce healthcare costs on their health system by reducing the number
of admissions to the emergency room and hospital respectfully. This saves money by reducing the likelihood of null reimbursement for hospital
acquired conditions in elderly patients that may occur during their hospital stay. Recently, Medicare stopped reimbursing hospitals for avoidable
conditions that can occur while a patient is admitted to a hospital. This can include things like foreign objects left inside patients after surgery, various
infections, falls, pressure ulcers, and traumas.

The Health Information System
Abstract: The Health Information System (HIS), an health organization with many departments and functional units, facing trends in changes of an
overall work processes. The principles of goal setting sees the departments restructuring and re–engineering strategy implementation towards achievable
goal. The work design onlook the departments effort in making sustainable health services. The job redesign had set modification and re–arrangement
of task structure and processes of work administered through the principles of job enrichment. Keywords: electronic environment, rate of workdone,
limits complexity, managerial tools. Introduction Due to growing trends and changes in the processes organization experienced, the Health Information
Services (HIS) stepped up its organizational design in its strategy formulated. Introducing the efficacy of electronic health records that also overhaul
changes in the health care delivery system in various department, enabling task variety among professionals. Challenges of job enlargement, as
insinuated to become alternatives in complementing the changes in experiencing in the departments. Employees and professionals in the organization
seemed vested with accomplishment of their assigned tasks, assignments, works and responsibilities towards the achieving organisation's goal setting.
Leaders in the all departments tend to plan, organize, and controls the goal set with the four different strategic model– re–engineering, restructuring,

Systems Thinking And The Health Care System
Systems thinking was developed during this SMAC by learning to identify the connections of Information tecnology and the health care system. This
SMAC involved the understand of the health care system and the service they provide and how they operates. As a result, while systems thinking
allows new and useful methods to improve patient safety, it comes with it its own intangible challenges that, if not documented and addressed, will both
slow improvement and present new harm. This SMAC allowed us to see the challenges that healthcare system faces and how they analyzed and apply
systems thinking in assessing them. Understanding the challenges by completion of a SWOT analysis. Which required the development of an action
plan of improvement for patient safety by implementing and maintaining new processes and practices such has how can the functions of each
component be optimized so that the results of the system are maximized? How can we identify and monitor for unintended consequences? How can we
intervene to prevent harm from unintended consequences. It required the development of an action plan of improvement for the future. We have
improved our ability to understand how health care system achieve the organizational goal of safe and excellent patient care by developing my ability
at systems thinking. The contributions to this SMAC display both the complexity of a systems method to patient safety, and the promise of new ways
in thinking about the systems within

The And Health Care System
Imagine you are a soldier named Connor who spends many years fighting to protect the lives of Americans. When you retire from service you continue
to fight, this time for your own life. When veterans come home some of them suffer from mental illnesses, infectious diseases, or hearing loss just to
name a few. You are aveteran that suffers from an infectious disease called leishmaniasis, it is fatal if untreated. You wait for numerous months to get
care from the V.A. medical center. Once it is time for your appointment the parasitic disease leishmaniasis has already spread through most of the
body. A few weeks later doctors declare you dead, your family is angry at the V.A.health care system because you did not receive health care sooner.
The U.S. veteran's health care system fails veterans due to their long wait times but can be fixed by applying the triage system.
In the current system, you are given an appointment based on which patient schedules their appointment first. Some veterans die before they even
attend an appointment, causing other veterans to wait in vain. The reason why some veterans die before their appointment is because they do not
receive care quickly. This is due to the system not taking into consideration the patient's condition when scheduling appointments. For example, if there
are two patients, one with a life threating condition and one with a minor injury. If the patient with a minor injury schedules an appointment first, the
patient with a life

The Health Of A Health Care System
A health care system is a framework of interrelated, interacting, and interdependent descriptions of human development in a given country, region, or
community. This system of human development functions as an organized measure to promote and provide treatment in which individuals reach their
highest attainable level of physical, mental, and social well–being. All health care systems are grounded in the concept that genetic and biological
factors must be taken into account to understand the problems and behaviors of a specific population. The interconnected factors that determine an
individual's health status includes personal features, social status, culture, environment, educational attainment, health behaviors, childhood
development, access to care, and government policy. International collaboration of ideas on the progression of transnational health is greatly endorsed
for the benefit of complete global health care. Health care has social, governmental, and financial implications that affect all members of the health care
system and in countries within the Central American region specially, citizens have fallen victim to health disparities that have resulted from
long–term neglect of the underlying factors that perpetuate this issue. It is imperative for children to develop with healthy nutrition during their first
five years of life in order to sustain a healthy well being. When a child experiences stunted growth, they often have difficulties learning and

Health Care System : Health Is My Right, Health System
Health is my Right, Health System Health care system is the organization of people, institutions and it resources to meet and deliver the health
care needs of the targeted population (Welcome, M. O. (2011). Health care is delivered differently in every country and every individual wish for a
better quality of care and health care system in their country. We always want to be in that position where we can make our own health care
decisions without someone telling us what to do. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the health system of two countries such as Cuba and Nigeria
by comparing their health care system, the system building block, goals or outcome and how the system impact individual's right to healthcare.
Nigeria uses a healthcare system known as the pluralistic system where there is the involvement of both the public and the private sector (Skolnik,
Richard L (2016). The federal government takes charge of mostly university Teaching Hospital and Federal Medical Center while the State and Local
Government is responsible for Dispensaries or Primary health care regulated by federal government. The private sectors in the country are largely
involved in delivering health care services as well. Looking into the healthcare system building block, Nigeria healthcare system is poorly build with no
developed, adequate and functional health system to achieve success in their healthcare system in this modern era (Welcome, M. O. (2011). The
country is underserved when it comes

Peru Health System
Presentation Health System in Peru (South America)
How is the health system in Peru?
The health system of Peru has two sectors, public and private.
In the public sector the government provides health services to the population secured on payment of a fee recovery of variable amounts subject to the
discretion of organizations and through the Comprehensive Health Insurance (SIS), which subsidizes the provision of services to the population living
in poverty and extreme poverty . The provision of services for the subsidized regime open or secured toSIS population is carried out through the
network of establishments of the Ministry of Health (MOH), hospitals and specialized institutes that are located in the regions and in the capital of the

The Health Of The Canadian Health System
Oral health is not considered an integral part of Canada 's universal, publicly–funded health care regime. Dental care, outside of a hospital setting, does
not constitute a 'medically necessary' service for the purpose of maintaining health as per the Canada Health Act (1964). There are three components to
the Canadian health system that exist today: universal, publicly–funded coverage for physician and hospital services (known as Medicare); goods and
services such as home care, long–term care, and prescription drugs which are funded either privately (through insurance or out–of–pocket), or publicly
(through targeted subsidies or direct delivery programs); and finally, private health care services which include dental care.1 Costs for... Show more
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in Finland, where up to 79 per cent of dental care is publicly–funded.3 A report issued by the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences states that six
million Canadians per year avoid visiting a dental professional for cost reasons.2 While the private sector provides excellent quality of oral health
care for its patients, many vulnerable groups have difficulty with access.2 It is also these vulnerable groups who demonstrate extremely high levels of
oral health disease. According to a 2014 report issued by the Canadian Academy of Health Services (CAHS), the following represent Canada's most
vulnerable groups: individuals with low incomes; younger age children living in low–income families; individuals working without dental insurance;
elderly populations with low incomes and/or living in institutions; aboriginal people, immigrants/refugees; people with disabilities; and, populations
living in rural/remote communities.2 The CAHS authors report that increasingly and in light of challenging economic times, families from
lower–middle income strata are also demonstrating difficulty with accessing oral health care (this is partially attributable to an increasing tendency
toward part–time employment rather than full–time employment with benefits). Oral health has many

The Malawi Health System
There are a number of challenges exerting increasing pressure on Malawi's ability to fully adopt HSS approach. These include: Demographic trends,
While the population has grown from10.6 million in 1990, to approximately 17 million the Malawi health system has struggled to maintain and
provide adequate health care to the people Malawi's population is growing. Increasing fertility rates has led to a signiп¬Ѓcant increase in the
population projection, which has grown from XXXX million people in 2051 (2004 estimates) to 34.2 million people (2006 estimates). This, together
with demographic trends, suggests that while there will be a growing need for health services targeted at children, teenagers and young families, the
predominant inп¬‚uence will remain xxxxxx, which will cause most change in the use of resources. burden of disease The prevalence and burden of
chronic disease is signiп¬Ѓcant and will place increasing pressure on health expenditure. Chronic diseases, including xxxxxxx, are estimated to be
responsible for more than 80% of the burden of disease.12 The WHO warns that the global burden of chronic disease is increasing rapidly and
predicts by the year 2020 that chronic disease will account for almost three quarters of all deaths.13 uneven access to health. The WHO has
identiп¬Ѓed the inverse care law as one of the common shortcomings of health care delivery. Inverse care suggests that people with the most means –
whose needs for health care are often less – consume

Health Information System
PRPOSED WORKING TITLE
Health Information System: A Repository Bank for Modelling and Simulating Health Outcomes for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Rationale
Over the years, much advancement in different spheres of life has been achieved using information technology. Man has been able to go to the moon,
heavy objects have been able to fly and go deep into the oceans without sinking, communication across the planets has been made possible and the
world has become a global village where everything seems in the reach of everyone.
In health and medicine, the advancement that has been accomplished in recent years with the benefit of information technology is highly significant.
The growing influence of ICT in health has also led to the development of vibrant and robust health information systems and their management. As
time, distance and place are becoming less relevant among individuals and institutions', having a robust health information system is a crucial part of a
modern healthcare system and facilitates the discovery and sharing of enormous amount of data for different people, places events and conditions.
Among several conditions for which health information system data can and have been shared is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a
disease which affects an estimated 15% of New Zealand people who are above 45yrs old.[1]
In an environment like New Zealand that is prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes; where construction, rebuilding and

Health Information Systems And Systems
To successfully implement health information systems, it is important that the health care organizations have access to appropriate IT staff and
resources to support the new systems and system users. IT staff perform several common functions and have several common roles. In large
organizations, the IT department often has a management team comprising the chief information officer, chief technology officer, chief security
officer, and chief medical information officer, who provide leadership to ensure that the organization fulfills its IT strategies and goals (Wager, Lee, &
Glaser, 2010, p. 434). Health information systems' leaders understand that predicting gaps and promoting parities in an effort to reduce data security
risks, costs, and liabilities can only lead to long–term profitability. The aims of this paper are to discuss five health information system's leaders and
their roles; to examine the stake holders health information systems' implementation; to analyze the limitations and opportunities in health information
systems' data analysis, to explain what the literature suggests; and to summarize the impact of predicting gaps and parities on quality improvement as it
relates to the situation of my final proposal/project. List five health information systems' leaders, and define their roles. Chief Information Officer
(CIO) CIO is the one who manages the Information Technology department and an executive who can successfully lead the organization in its effort to

An Integrated Health System
Integrated health systems talk to each other about their patients or constituents thereby providing the best care possible. Understanding racial, ethnic
and other global disparities helps provide a balanced care. Health care providers and public health professionals who understand "ways in which race,
ethnicity, and SES" combine and influence health outcomes is important in addressing health disparities across the "socioeconomic spectrum" and
among minority groups ( Williams, Priest, Anderson (2016). Health systems and services should be integrated with available community services like
mental health, nutritional health, counseling, day care centers, and public health education programs. Providers should think of providing complete
services

Health Care System Essay
The Trinidad health care system operates under two tier system which consist of both public and private health care facilities, the main responsibility of
the ministry of health is the overseeing of the health care sector, although this agency does not directly run the public health care facilities, the
responsibility of this office is to set policies, goal and targets areas based on the assessment of the community health needs, as well as to allocate funds
to the regional health authorities to finance the various health needs of the community.
The public health the care system which includes four main hospital that helps to facilities the country medical needs, and can be access by the entire
population of Trinidad and is offered free ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the case of serious medical emergency, a medical evacuation is needed to transport the individual to the closest health care facility that offers
sufficient medical care, which may be located in another country, such as Miami in the United States.
The private medical sector in Trinidad is very small comprising of four facilities which include:
St Augustine private hospital
Southern medical clinic
West shore private medical hospital
Adventist hospital
These facilities are located either in Port of Spain, San Fernando and the West Mooring area, they are sufficient enough to treat most health problems
but offer only a slightly better treatment than that of the public health care systems. Although the private sector is considered better than the public
sector it is still incapable of handling serious illness and injuries especially those that require long term care.
The health care system in Trinidad is not considered the best especially is seeking care at the public facilities according to article written by Akilah
Holder who writes for the Trinidad guardian concerning the death of pregnant women who have had C– section at the hospital these are some of story.
"Juliet Primus will never again hold her baby girl in her arms. She will not be around when baby Chasarah takes her first steps or says her first words.
She will not be there to answer her questions when

Health System in Mauritius
ANALYSE THE HEALTH SYSTEM IN MAURITIUS Mauritius, being a welfare state, has to make sure that all the inhabitants are living in good
conditions. The most important that has to be taken into consideration is the health of the people. Health is a greatest gift, contentment the greatest
wealth, faithfulness the best relationship, said Buddha. The role of the Ministry of Health is to ensure that all the medical facilities are available to
the population and improvements are being made as it is the main objective of the health system and there have been progressions in the health system
over the past decades. Access to health services is easy in Mauritius. Government hospitals were opened to serve the people. Millions of... Show more
Nowadays, people don't have time for themselves nor they are taking care of their health. Busy with loads of work, the people most of the time
consume fast food, which have a negative impact on their health. Moreover, the amount of smokers and alcoholic are increasing at a high rate in the
country. People are starting to smoke at very young age and are also becoming drug addicts. Regardless of the fact excessive alcohol is harmful, drugs
and smoking kill, the people are still not leaving that bad habit. In order to create awareness, increases knowledge, changes attitudes and moves people
to change their behaviour and to adopt a healthier lifestyle, sensitisation campaigns like Anti–Smoking, Anti–Alcohols, having a balanced diet and
practising exercises daily are being held. Whether on tv, radio or magazines, we are being made conscious about the importance of our health. . Apart
from having the public sector, we also have a well established private sector The private sector absorbs 32% of the total expenditure on health in the
country. . In a year, the private sector has 27, 000 admissions for in–patient treatment, undertakes 13,000 surgical operations and delivers over 2,000
babies. Some people choose private hospitals instead of public hospitals due to better service quality and admission procedures. There are reliable
doctors and nursing officers and their attitude are courteous and they are more hospitable and are ready to help.

The Canadian Health Care System
The Canadian healthcare system is currently ranked in the top 11 OECD countries making the Canadian healthcare system one of the best in the world,
although like all perfect systems, there are always uncovered flaws within. When examining certain attributes and traits within the system, such as
accessibility and the general quality of healthcare performance is considered to be low ranking amongst international practices, thus improvements are
needed. More importantly, the Canadian health care system contains many different attributes and qualities differentiating it from any other system in
the world. This can be seen when examining the systems' orientation and design, and service delivery. Health inequalities is another impacting factor on
our health care system, this becomes clear when examining Aboriginal people's health.
The Canadian healthcare system has been lagging behind other westernized countries except the United States in terms of quality, access, efficiency,
and equity. According to a study by the CHSRF (Canadian Health Services Research Foundation), findings suggest substantially worse performance in
Canada for: wait times for diagnostic tests, discharge reports, and being consulted in emergency departments. These issues are a generic sign of lack of
system organization and support in Canada compared with other international jurisdictions (Katz, 2009). When searching for differences between
different provinces in Canada in regards to access to a family doctor,

Health Care System
Health Care System Health Services Organization Health Care System In this paper there will be a brief discussion of three forces that have
affected the development of the U.S healthcare system. It will observe whether or not these forces will continue to have an effect on the U.S
healthcare system over the next decade. This paper will also include an additional force, which may be lead to believe to have an impact on the health
care system of the nation. And lastly this paper will evaluate the importance of technology in healthcare. There are three major forces that have
affected the development of the health care system within the U.S. and these forces include social, political and economic. The first force is defined as
a social... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Examples of this would be not having access to a vehicle or public transportation if the nearest hospital is located farther away from the home, no
cellular device to remind them of important appointment dates and other find it very difficult to wait in long lines to receive services that are offered
to them. An additional force that could have an effect on the health care system of the nation would be the Obama care. This is a Universal health care
reform that would benefit everyone across the nation, including those with pre–existing conditions and those that have difficulty obtaining the proper
medical attention that they need. I believe that with this type of health care it could save many more lives and lessen the financial worries of
families who have love ones that are in need of a special procedure who may have to travel across that the states to have the procedure done. "A week
prior to July 3rd of 2012 "the Supreme Court decided in favor of the universal healthcare statute that was passed under the Obama administration and
upheld the individual mandate. But surprisingly no one of the conservatives decried the decision as contributing to the downfall of society, evidence
that President Obama is a socialist, and generally anti–American. But conservatives

The Healthcare System And Samaritan Health System
Introduction "Banner Health is considered one of the nations ' largest secular, non–profit health care organization operating 29 acute care facilities in
seven western states" (Kash, 2016). It is known and recognized nationally. It unites with Lutheran Health System and Samaritan Health System which
started in 1991 with the mission of making differences in people 's lives such as rendering perfect patient care. This exellent mission of health care
earned them good standing that help the "organization to develop and manage 29 acute care facilities in seven states with the magnitude of about
4,000 beds" (BANNER HEALTH, 2016). These States of networking health care of Banner in America are Arizona, Colorado,Wyoming,
... Show more
All surplus made in this organization is used in maintaining the copany making then up to date by purchasing the most contemporary equipment,
preserving the facilities, buying most recent technologies, get more physician services, widening current physisian services, after all these, whatever
money is left goes to the charities. The medical screening only (MSO) of Banner Health is only meant to exclude life frightening situation. This
procedure is followed up with a discussion by financial services that notify the patients of the copays needed by their insurance companies before
moving to a comprehensive care at the emergency departments. "Banner healthy has come up with organizational efforts of approaching health care
quality and safety, reduction of patient errors, and patients contentments while continuoesly rolling its operating cost" (Kirkman–Liff, 2004). In the
facilty that I work, Patients care depents on the type of insurance they have. Some pay copay out of pocket, some are not. The type of room a patient
stays on admission depends on the type of insurance. Strategic plan for network growth The Banner Health system is addressing network growth by
increasing the size of health care distribution places all over their regions. They are preparing for future healthcare desired suply of the communities by
starting many critical care,

Health Informatics And The Health System
What is health informatics in Canadian health system? Health informatics transforms health care by assessing, analyzing, integrating, and applying
health communication and informational systems (Anderson, 2007). Health informatics schemes are funded federally and implemented provincially in
Canada with each province creating its own dynamic programs to help improve both the population and individuals health outcomes, enhance patient's
care and to strengthen the patients–caregiver relationship (Anderson, 2007) . Such programs are Ehealth Ontario, and Alberta Netcare. Electron
Health Records (EHR) and Electronic Medical Records are usually used exchangeable (Gartee, 2011). EMR servers as a data source for EHR; it
usually contains patient's medical records and usually found in an ambulatory or acute health facilities. While EHR is the sum of the entire patient's
life history of his or her health records from different sources, which is usually kept in an institution such as an integrated delivery network facility
where most health care providers can guarantee access (Gartee, 2011). This literature review is intended to amalgamate the key barriers of electronic
health records in the Canadian healthcare system and to overcome these barriers for a successful implementation among the public and policy makers.
Electronic health record is literally defined as "An aggregation of patient–centric health data that originates in the patient record system of multiple
independent

Brazil Health System
Federative Republic of Brazil has an area of 8.5 million square–kilometers, which is slightly smaller than the US, and makes it the fifth largest country
in the world (The World FactBook [WFB], 2015a). It has a population of about 204.3 million (WFB, 2015a). As the South America's largest economy,
the gross domestic product (GDP) of Brazil is about $2.353 trillion and the GDP per capita is around $16,100 in 2014 (WFB, 2015a).
In Brazil, the health expenditures, which is the total expenditure on health as a percentage of GDP is 9.7%, ranking 31 in the whole world in 2013
(WFB, 2015a). There are 1.89 physicians per 1,000 population, and 2.3 beds per 1,000 population (WFB, 2015a). Brazilian's life expectancy at birth is
73.53 years and their infant mortality rate is 18.6 deaths per 1,000 live births (WFB, 2015a).
The present Brazilian health system is made up of three subsectors: the public subsector, which is called the Unified Health System (SUS), where state
at municipal levels provides and finances the services; the private subsector, where public or private funds finance the services in various ways; and
the private health insurance subsector, including different forms of health plans, various insurance premiums, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Municipalities are granted the independence to provide and manage care while the federal government provides resources and oversees the
implementation (Paim et al., 2011). The SUS provides primary care and preventive care to all Brazilian citizens through Family Health Programs
(PSF) (Paim et al., 2011). Brazilian citizens are assigned to family health–care teams in local PSF clinics, who provide health services at health
facilities, in patients' homes, and in the community and these teams also work closely with specialized services (Paim et al., 2011). The SUS is
funded by tax revenues and social contributions, and it is universal and free for Brazilian citizens (Paim et al.,

The Interdependence Of The Health System
Health system is defined as "all activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore, and maintain health" (WHO, 2000). All activities in the
"system" can be assumed as an organization of components and their interconnections that work together for a purpose, which is concerned with
people's health. In other words, a system has many parts as a set of interrelated components to achieve a common goal (Shi & Singh, 2014). The
interdependence of the health system can be regarded as the functions and roles played by these components (The World Bank, 2007). Describing the
components, interdependence, and purpose, Roemer (1991) defined a health system as "the combination of resources, organization, financing and
management that culminate in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A strong belief in capitalism has led to health care being viewed as an economic good or service, not as a public resource. In other words, health is
viewed as a privilege, not as a right. This has led to the fee–for–service being the principal model of payment, which has uncontrolled utilization,
uncontrolled prices and payments. Capitalism has also led to the belief that each individual and business particularly in private sectors try to manipulate
financial incentives for their own benefits without considering the effect on the system (Shi & Singh, 2014).
Values and beliefs do not only influence in shaping the entire health system, but they also influence the other system within the systems framework
such as system resources especially human resources (health service professionals) and system processes especially the way of healthcare delivered
to people. For instance, health service professionals' cultural and value backgrounds may affect the way they perform health care services. Part of
their values as professionals is shaped not only by their academic experiences, but also by their cultures and beliefs. Since cultural and social factors
between patients and health service professionals are not always the same, it is important to take into

Health Insurance And The Health Care System
According to Martocchio (2014), health insurance covers the costs of a variety of services that promote sound physical and mental health, including
physical examinations, diagnostic testing, surgery, dental treatments, and corrective prescription lenses for vision deficiencies. More than two
centuries ago, the presence of the health care system emerged when mining and railroad companies hired doctors to provide medical services to their
employees. As a result of the catastrophic World War I, many health providers were left providing services with the prospect of not receiving
payments for the services being rendered and many Americans faced with the financial burdens of these escalating health care costs. The essential for
the development of a health care system was not established for no apparent reason. The health care system was developed due to the staggering
number of Americans whom where unable to pay soaring medical bills.
With no government intervention, the private sector of health insurance was established as a means for Americans to pay medical expenses. "In 1927,
the American Medical Association (AMA) formed a Committee on the Costs of Medical Care to report on options for helping Americans pay for their
medical services. The Committee concluded that private insurance was the best solution" ("HNN's History of Healthcare Reform", 2012). This
empirical succession is what commenced the evolution of health care in the United States.
For the next decade and

The Integration Of Health Systems
Integration of Health Systems
Marquetta Wiggins
Walden University
We first have to define what horizontal integration is? "According to Shi and Singh (2015) is a growth strategy in which a healthcare extends its
delivery core product or service". The way horizontal integration is obtained by is internal development, acquisition or merger. Organization can be
linked horizontally closely, through ownership or alliances. Horizontal integration mainly focuses on controlling the distribution of certain type of health
services in an area. Some examples of the focus are multihospital chains, nursing facilities chains or chains of drug stores all under the same name and
management. Diversification of new products or services is not reaching within horizontal integration Shi & Singh (2015).
An example of horizontal integration is the Carolina's Health Care Systems. This was founded in 1940. It is the nation's leading and most innovative
healthcare organization. They provide a full variety of healthcare and wellness programs throughout North Carolina and South Carolina. They have
more than 900 care locations that include academic medical center, hospital healthcare pavilion, and physician's practices. It has 60,000 full–time and
part–time employees with more than 7,460 licensed bed and an annual budget that exceeds $7.7 billion. The premier facilities include Levine Center
Institutes and Levine Children's Hospital and Sanger Heart and Vascular Institutes. Carolina's

The On The Health Care System
For my training project, I decided to train one of my co–workers. I decided to ask Danny if I could train him because he is young like me and I know
that it has been extremely beneficial to me, to be aware about the health care system. The importance of understanding how we are insured and what
our rights are, has never been more prominent. With the introduction of the Affordable Care Act or "Obamacare," in 2010, there were many changes to
our health care system. The changes apply to everyone and I felt that it was my duty as a Public Health student to spread what I have learned to further
engage my peers and allow them to take an active role. I gave Danny a short survey before I trained him to understand what he was interested in and ...
I used this to set the base for why there has been a big push back to have a universal health care system. I also included that there was a big influence
from the American Medical Association and the Republican party. There was also mention of how ideas of socialism and communism were very real
for the United States and any idea that stemmed from this was not accepted. I then took this opportunity to talk abou the technological advances we
have made and how that has contributed to the rise of health care. I made a note that just because we have the best technology, we are not showing
the best health outcomes and are spending about $9,000 per person on health care yearly. Second, I gave a detailed explanation of Medicaid and the
program's role in our health care system. This was something that my co–worker was interested because he probably qualifies for Medicare. I decided
to start by showing a video I found on YouTube that talked about Medicare and Medicaid. It did a great job at explaining that Medicaid is a needs
based program that is determined by income. Medicaid covers the basic things that we need to keep healthy like, hospital services, doctor visits,
prescriptions and nursing home care. In order to qualify, New Jersey is using data sources like the Social Security Administration and the Department
of Homeland Security and Labor. It covers people with incomes up to 133% of the Federal Poverty Line. It also covers

Health Service System : A Market Based Health System
Background
Health service system as defined by "Roemer" in the text is the pooling of resources, organizations, financing, and management that aggregates to the
delivery of health services to the needs of a population (Barton, p.3).
Demographics
Health service in most cases is crafted by the economic and social values systems of each respective country . It contributes to a countries economic
GDP(gross domestic product), by creating various areas of employment opportunities, examples including and not limited to the delivery of medical
services, research and development of new drugs for the treatment of various ailments, insurance services to name a few (Barton, p.3).
Statistics
As stated in the text, the United States provides a market based health system. Not until recently, the majority of the population could only access the
insurance market through an employer based system. The ability to acquire insurance or gain access into the market outside of this medium was, in
most cases, exorbitant for the average citizen. Nevertheless, government assistance programs like Medicare and Medicaid were made available to
certain demographics of the population who qualified for these programs, such as citizens from the age of 65 and above, expecting mothers, as well as
newly born infants. The rest of the population demographic 18–44 which consist of the highest number of uninsured, is left to either attain insurance
through their employers after gaining full–time employee

Uk Health System vs Aus Health System Essay
Introduction All people across the globe are entitled to the health attention they require. The World Health Organization has identified five elements to
achieve this goal. These include reducing social disparities in health, providing services that meet clients' expectations, altering public policies to
address health, leadership reforms and increasing stakeholder participation (WHO, 2013). With the focus on these five areas, Governments in each
country are creating health systems that aim to provide services that are affordable, equitable and accessible. To achieve a sustainable health system,
cooperation and participation of all health care providers is vital. This will work towards WHO's goal of achieving "better health for all"... Show more
al., 2011). Health service accessibility by individuals in rural and remote areas is a problem central to both countries. Reports indicate that compared
with metropolitan populations, non–metropolitan populations, in both Australia and the UK, experience poor access to health services (Watt, Franks,
Sheldon, 1994, p. 16). As in the primary care sector of the UK, majority of the doctors in Australia are self–employed and reimbursed on a
fee–for–service approach (Gillies, 2003, p. 77). GP's are the initial point of contact for patients in both Australia and the UK. Additional specialist
medical services such as physiotherapy and optometry are only available when patients are provided with a formal referral from their GPs
(Piterman, Koritsas, 2005). Although the NHS is similar to the Australian health system in certain ways, both systems also possess some differences.
Strengths and Weaknesses of the United Kingdom's National Health Service The NHS provides many benefits to its residents in the UK. Specific
benefits include the cost, care and coverage of the system. Cost: Health care in the UK relies heavily on a public market rather than a private driven
market; thus, giving free care to its people. NHS services are free of charge to patients in England unless stated (Department of Health, 2013). Free
health care in the UK aim to prevent ill health and

Health System in Finland
At the start of 2007 the population of Finland was 5.3 million. Average life expectancy is 76 years for men and 83 years for women in 2005. The health
of the Finnish population has considerably improved, but socioeconomic inequality in mortality is increasing. The most important public health
problems are circulatory diseases, malignant tumours, musculoskeletal diseases, diabetes and mental health problems. Health problems are obesity,
chronic lung diseases and diabetes, particularly type 2 diabetes. (Vuorenkoski L. 2008 )
`The foundation of the health services is laid down in the constitution of Finland . According to the constitution: Everyone shall be guaranteed by an act
the right to basic subsistence in the event of unemployment, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Principal health–related provisions are all people are entitled to protection of their health and genetic identity (Article 5.5) and the state cares for the
health of citizens and adopts special measures for the protection of youth, old age, disability and for the relief of the needy (Article 21.3).
(Charalambos Economou 2010)
3.1.Health system in Greece
The health system have public integrated, public contract and public reimbursement models, comprising elements from both the public and private
sectors and incorporating principles of different organizational patterns. Health care services have public and private providers. Private providers are
more primary care, especially in diagnostic technologies, private physicians' practices and pharmaceuticals. (Charalambos Economou 2010) Primary
health care services are through rural health centres and provincial surgeries in rural areas, the outpatient departments of regional and district hospitals,
the polyclinics of the social insurance institutions and specialist in urban areas. Secondary care is provided by public hospitals, private for–profit
hospitals and clinics or hospitals owned by social insurance funds. There are various social insurance funds co–exist with the National Health System
of Greece (ESY). For examples Institute of Social

Health Disparities And Health System Barriers
Dr Ananya Mandal a N ewsВMedical.net author defines Health Disparities as "the inequalities that occur in the provision of health care and access to
health care across different racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups." This means Health disparities are essentially discrepancies in the servicing of
Healthcare as well as in access to healthcare amongst people of different racial, cultural, and socioeconomic groups. Health Disparities has many
underlying factors that impact it, a factor in particular is Health system barriers. Health system barriers are critical problems such as Access,
Utilization, or Quality that serve to obstruct the passage towards proper Health. Health system barriers are one of the many factors that contribute to
Health Disparities, health system barriers are composed of three major barriers; Access, Utilization, and Quality. These barriers all greatly impact
Health Disparities and impact the path toward achieving quality health, with that in mind, the question of is one of these barriers more responsible for
Health Disparities than the other? And the answer is yes, and the health system barrier that is most responsible for Health Disparities. Although many
people believe that there is not one barrier that is more responsible for Health disparities, there is one barrier that is more responsible and that is on the
account of the other barriers being the results of the one barrier.
1. Understanding the Three Major Barriers
Granted that there is one health

Essay On Health Systems
Comparative Health Systems
We have covered a total of 21 national health systems and have learned some unique systems on each of them. We have learned some fascinating
things for example, Japan having the highest life expectancy than any other country at birth, or France being nominated the number health care system
in 2000 by the World Health Organisation, or Has a universal system that is facing challenges from aging population and an increase in prevalence for
behavior based conditions, but my favorite system was india! I was amazed by how far their system has come and how good they're doing. Their
system had success in the 20th century with communicable diseases, which has resulted in a population explosion which they are currently ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
("Mali Health Insurance", 2017, Para. 2). The country became independent of France in 1960. Being present day french colony, many diplomatic
affairs exist between Mali and France as Mali is dependant of France since colonial years. Mali and France enjoy close relations of confidence, not
only for historical and cultural reasons but also because of the large Malian diaspora in France. Mali is dependent on a lot of international
development. Mali accounts for over 50 Ethnologue languages, then speak French as the official language and Bambara which I also speak is the most
widely spoken. The According to the French diplomatie, "During the early 2000s, Mali enjoyed a major influx of FDI; french diplomatic influx, which
increased more than twenty–fold, making it the third–largest recipient country in the sub–region, with a stock of $3.4 billion (31% of GDP) in 2013".
(France Diplomatie. 2016). Now let's find out how how health is managed in Mali, one of the 10th poorest countries in the world. Mali's health
care system is slowly evolving but not nearly comparable to those in developed countries, for example, life expectancy at birth is only 55 years in Mali
while there is over a 30 year difference in developed countries like in america where it's 89 and expected get even higher by 2020 according to the
world health organisation. (WHO, year).

Health Systems Thinking
Systems thinking (ST), a subset of to complexity theory (CT), is a potentially transformational way to view and approach health. It draws on many
academic traditions to describe the processes, actors, and dynamics that shape systems like the health system(1). It is more than simply considering the
bigger picture. Approaching a problem from a ST perspective involves examining interrelationships, considering all perspectives, and understanding the
role of boundaries (Williams and van 't Hof 2014:8).
A system consists of interacting, connected parts that operate towards a purpose; changing one connection necessarily affects other parts of the system.
A complex adaptive system (CAS) is a type of system that consists of interacting, nonlinear ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite growing evidence for the benefits of applying systems thinking, most health programs continue to primarily apply a reductionist approaches
that haves dominated for decades(9). The lack of a comprehensive review of application limits the ability of planners to synthesize existing literature
and apply innovative–practices to emerging development challenges such as the post–MDG agenda.
Case studies are of value to illustrate the range of applications of systems thinking terms, methods, and tools. With a clearer understanding of real
world approaches approaches based on ST, the global health community will be better equipped to understand and address key health challenges. This
paper reports on findings from case studies extracted from a previous systematic review (cite the systematic review). This systematic review of systems
thinking case studies seeks to:
– Provide practitioners and planners with a reference for ST/CT application cases,
– Review the frequency and nature of key systems thinking terms, tools and methods in the health literature
– Analyze and extract longitudinal themes across cases.
– Indicate the practical implications of these cases for changing organizational form/function and post–MDG

Health System Formations
4. Methods
Data and Study Sample
This study examined whether the two health system formations analyzed in the previous essay, Health System A and Health System B, can pass the
antitrust safety zone test for horizontal hospital mergers and acquisitions. The main data source for this essay is MarketScanВ® Commercial Claims
and Encounters Database, which is a unique private insurance claims database that includes 23 million employees, dependents and retirees from around
100 large private employers (Adamson, Chang & Hansen, 2008). This study collected patient flow information from this detailed database, which
includes patient and hospital characteristics. The AHA Annual Survey Databaseв„ў is another source used in this study. Comprehensive hospital ...
The MarketScan database includes patient zip code information but it only covers a sub–sample of the total hospital admissions. This study used
patient admission distribution from MarketScan as a proxy for actual patient admission distribution across zip code areas. Table A1 and A2 show the
patient zip code distributions of Health System B. Figure A1 and A2 show PSA 3 for Hospital B1 and PSA 4 for Hospital B2.
Herfindahl–Hirschman Index
The Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI), one of the most frequently used market concentration measures, defined as the sum of squared market shares
of a firm in the relevant market (Rhoades, 1993). The Antitrust Agencies recommend HHI to assess market concentration of a market for antitrust
analysis (Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission, 1992). The HHI is calculated by
where N refers total number of hospitals in a market, and xi refers market share for a hospital i. Holding the market shares of other hospitals equal, the
change in HHI when hospital j and k would merge into a health system is calculated

Assessment Of The Health System
Assessment of the Health System in the Philippines : an analysis of Out– of– Pocket Expenditure INTRODUCTION The World Health Organization's
(WHO) Commission on Macroeconomics and Health stated that "the wisdom of every culture teaches that health is wealth" (p21). In fact, developing a
strong health system has emerged as a priority for many countries. Furthermore, understanding the major components of the health system, and
identifying main constraints, are two crucial steps in attaining key health outcomes. This paper discusses the health system of the Philippines using the
WHO's Building Blocks. The Philippines is a group of islands located in Southeast Asia with a total population of 96 million. The Life expectancy of
male is 69 and female is 72 years, with significant variations between regions. The leading causes of deaths include communicable diseases such as
pneumonia and tuberculosis, and non–communicable diseases like heart conditions. The total expenditure on health per capita is US$ 202 while the
gross domestic product (GDP) is US$ 159.3 billion. (Romualdez, 2011). The country's health reforms have had some success, notably a reduction in
maternal and child mortality. Nevertheless, the country continues to register poor health status, and registers significantly high out–of–pocket (OOP)
health expenditures. We examine OPP spending as one of the main health issues in the country. This paper is organized in five major sections. In the
first section, we

Healthcare System ( Shs ) Is A Not For Profit Health System

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