Six Sigma Notes

Six Sigma Notes
Process Improvement
Process improvement is a fundamental to business management. If you run an operation (and all
businesses do, one way or another) you are reliant on two things: * The people you employ, their
skills and capabilities * The processes that you use, the way you do things
So the only ways an operation can perform better are to improve its processes or its people.
Changing processes (the way you do things) is something we all do everyday.
So what is all the Fuss About?
There is a lot of mystique associated with process improvement, lots of jargon and multiple
methodologies but process improvement is very easy. There are only three simple questions that you
need to get your mind around:
1. What is your purpose? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In his report he discovered that the products with fewer non–conformities (high quality) were the
ones that performed well after delivery to the customer. It was accepted by everyone but the
challenge that came in front of Motorola executives was to develop a solution to tackle this problem.
Mikel Harry having a doctorate from Arizona University worked with Bill Smith in developing a
four–phase problem solving approach – Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. A few years later
Bob Galvin launched a long–term quality program called "The Six Sigma Quality Program" in
Motorola.
Looking at the success of Motorola, many companies like Texas Instruments, Allied Signal etc
started using Six Sigma methodology to bring organization–wide improvements.
In 1990's Jack Welch launched Six Sigma in GE in a big way. He implemented Six Sigma in all
areas and ensured that the entire organization participates in the initiative. He changed the
performance incentives and made them based on individual's ability and enthusiasm to take part in
Six Sigma initiatives. He transformed GE to a state where Six Sigma had become the culture of the
organization and not just a methodology for brining organization–wide improvements.
What is Six Sigma ? Definition of Six SigmaSix Sigma is not a mere methodology or a quality tool.
It is a philosophy i.e. a systematic way of thinking to solve quality problems. Six sigma involves
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Six Sigma Design Principles Of Samsung
Six Sigma Design principles
It was realized by Samsung Business Team that the success of this DMAEV methodology in driving
Supply Chain innovation would primarily depend not only on the strength of methodology, but also
on relevant business as well as organizational factors. Based on prior experience of Samsung
Business team, four basic principles were drawn that would guide all Supply Chain six sigma
projects through all the stages of DMAEV:
 Global optimum;
 Process KPI mapping;
 Systematization; and
 Five design parameters.
The complete approach was intended to be kept easy to learn, apply and uphold. Also, the approach
had to be molded in such a manner that it readily blends in with the regular flow of work of SCM
personnel working on their supply chain projects so that no additional project work is involved.
a. Global Optimum – Six sigma improvements in supply chain are positioned not as narrowly
focused improvements but as end–to–end supply chain process improvements. All new enhancement
ideas were to be aligned to global goals rather than local goals. Which means that, when a ... Show
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This training program is branded as SCM Six Sigma BB training and mentoring plan. It includes
one week of full time training each month for four months complemented by guidance of SCM
Black Belts on some selected projects. The prospective SCM BBs need to finish three such projects
in order to get a SCM Black Belt. By leveraging the well–established HR belt structure of six sigma,
Samsung aims to remove the shortage of SCM talent which has been the basic obstacle in improving
SCM routine. It is expected by Samsung that effectiveness of SCM will improve now when people
understand overall six sigma in SCM and ways of enabling it. A Six Sigma Academy was
established the goal of which is to build up talent and future leaders where more than 100 SCM
black belts have been trained so

Six Sigma Of The 21st Century
Six Sigma in the 21st Century
Globalized initiatives have lead businesses into the 21st century with a wide assortment of quality
management theories, disciplines, methodologies, and certifications. Since the 1980s many of these
practices have been built around the simple yet proven tools and techniques of Six Sigma. Modern
variations of Six Sigma are applied to a multitude of quality management initiatives around the
world. With an ever expanding Six Sigma community there is growing debate amongst scholars
about how it should be applied in the years to come. In recent years there has been an initiative to
reevaluate the role of Six Sigma and how we can adapt it to the quality systems of our time.
After the hype of the 1980s scholars have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This article concludes with the call for in depth studies of the different phases of knowledge
absorption as well as an attempt to study six sigma methodologies "from a perspective of cultural
change in an organization, considering how cultural change can affect relative absorptive capacity."
(672).
Modeling data with Six Sigma helps us to understand the internal workings of an organization. In
the article "Simulation Analysis Of A Production Process With Selected Six Sigma Ratios."
Dobrzyński, Michał, and Piotr Waszczur (2012) simulate the application of statistical methods to
monitor processes and parameters for hidden factors (49). Standard SS ratios are applied to a model
of an automobile production line to show the proper analyses of individual process parameters.
Their models show that "so called Total Quality Management" practices of simply placing quality
inspections between each process are blind to hidden factors. By executing a six sigma quality
initiative to analyze the individual operation parameters and processes the number of irreparable
defects decreased significantly (50). This study is a reminder of the continued need for companies to
gather concentrated statistical data and use models to examine processes for hidden factors and
continuously improve organizational functionality.
Acknowledgement has been given to the fact that a structured approach to change management is
vital to big business but few have given attention to the little

Statistic Methods: Utilizing Six Sigma Essay
The term six sigma (6σ) began as an operational appraisal or a measure of quality. Utilizing six
sigma, procedure objectives are established in parts per million (PPM) in every part of the
manufacturing procedure. From the time when its source, six sigma has now progressed into a
procedure for enhancing organizational proficiency and efficiency by concentrating on productivity,
price decrease, and improved quality. Six Sigma is a fixated and quantifiable management discipline
that utilizes a disciplined, data–driven approach to work to remove imperfections across every
business area, together with management, service delivery, design, production and customer
satisfaction, stressing breakthrough improvement for improved bottom line ... Show more content on
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The six associates the figure of standard deviations around the mean. Henceforth, six sigma declares
that you have to go out outside six standard deviations around the mean before you find failure.
With a high enough figure of sigmas (beyond six), you would move toward the point of "zero
defects." For instance, a shift from 3σ to 4σ signifies an 11–fold progress; a shift from 4σ to 5σ
signifies additional 27–fold progress; and a shift from 5σ to 6σ signifies an extra 69–fold progress.
Consequently the total progress from 3σ to 6σ is over 20,000–fold.
At the 3σ level, the amount of deficiencies per million totals 66,807 (or 93.3 percent accuracy); in
the 4σ level the amount of deficiencies declines to 6,210 (or 99.4 percent accuracy); in the 5σ level
the amount of deficiencies declines yet additional to 233 (or 99.97 percent accuracy); and at the 6σ
level the quantity of imperfections would be 3.4 per million. This link to a 99.9997 percent
accuracy. In today's world, where 98 percent or 99 percent precision is believed to be outstanding,
6σ has nowadays turned out to be the generally known standard of quality.
An important tenet of six sigma is calculated. Regrettably, that too indicates that if you compute the
incorrect numbers, you will get the incorrect outcomes. Let's say, calculating amount might
accelerate production, however at the price of quality. Calculating quality might boost

Six Sigma Framework : Analyze, Design, And Verify Essay
Introduction
In this paper, we will be discussing about DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, and Verify)
Six Sigma framework. Six sigma generally will be implemented with DMAIC (Define, Measure,
Analyze, Improve, and Control) to analyze the core problems in different scenarios. DMAIC can be
solved for different sizes of the problem, and also the project time and cost will vary. DMAIC
focuses primarily on the development of a new service, product or process and is especially useful
when implementing new strategies and initiatives because of early identification of success and
thorough analysis. The DMADV methodology should be used when:
1. A product or process is not in existence and one needs to be developed.
2. The existing product or process exists and has been optimized (using either DMAIC or not) and
still does not meet the level of customer specification or Six Sigma level.
Define Phase
There are certain goals to be defined in the define phase which are as follows:
1. To identify the main objectives of the project.
2. To establish realistic goals to be completed within a given timeframe.
3. The potential risk factors must be determined and analyzed.
The realistic expectations of the customer must be taken into consideration and the new model must
be built accordingly. The class final project is the Smart Sneaker design. We must be able to design
the Smart Sneaker with the right features and the right price for it to be sold in the

Six Sigma in the Contemporary Business Environment
1 Introduction
The discerning customers nowadays are better educated and are able to recognize the quality of
products or services, rather than just looking at the price. As competition between organizations
grows more intense, many different factors and dimensions would be considered by the customers
when they are going to measure the quality (Stevenson, 1999). In order to remain competitive
among those rigorous competitions in the dynamic changing business environment, organizations
have to maintain and enhance the quality of the products or services being delivered.
"Quality is consistent conformance to customers' exceptions" (Slack, Chambers and Johnston,
2007). There is no definite definition for quality since it varies in ... Show more content on
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To achieve this, we need a disciplined, data–driven approach for eliminating defects. The
methodology focuses on the systematic processes with appropriate tools, training and measurements
which guide to achieve Six Sigma through the steps of DMAIC – Define, Measure, Analyze,
Improve and Control (Weiner, 2004). The details of DMAIC will be discussed in the next section.
After understanding the basic concepts of Six Sigma, we can apply it to achieve two main goals:
 Define a target performance level of less than 3.4 DPMO for the process which is going to be
improved
 As a mechanism for building a culture of excellence and deliver financial benefits to the
organization
We can see that the second goal is a more long–term objective which requires much more planning
and control, such as setting up teams to solve specific problems on a project–to–project basic, and
training of employees so that the whole organization is searching for ways of listening and reacting
to the customers, seeking facts to measure current success and focusing on the issue that really affect
customer satisfaction (Berger, 2003). Therefore, Six Sigma is actually grown beyond its traditional
usage of defect control now.
3 Six Sigma and other different methodologies
3.1 Changing focus from Y to X
Let's look at the following equation. It can be used to describe the core methodology which Six
Sigma is focus on:
Y = f(X)

Quality Management Techniques Of Six Sigma
Six Sigma is a business technique that helps to continually identify and reduce the process variations
or failures to achieve desirable results (Vora & Ravanan, 2014, p. 1). The organizations will be able
to minimize the gap of customer expectation and product attributes. There methods being used in
Six Sigma are "DMAIC" (Design, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) and "DMADV"
(Design, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify). Besides, Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) is also a
methodology used in Six Sigma to create lesser defect products, processes or services based on
customer requirements. DFSS to achieve minimum defect rates during the development stage of the
product. Thus, better quality of product or services can be produced by the organizations to increase
the customer satisfaction. All of these methodologies give a big benefit in ... Show more content on
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Six Sigma is a quality management strategy that helps companies to deal with customer's
expectation by providing better quality of products, services and processes at the lowest possible
manufacturing cost (Verma & Parihar, 2016). Through the methodologies such as "DMAIC",
"DMADV" and "DFSS" as mentioned above, the outcome of the entire process will be enhanced by
decreasing the defects or failures rates. First of all, Six Sigma includes five steps: define measure,
analyze, improve and control. The first step is basically used to identify customers' requirements and
expectations (Nave, 2002). In order to sustain a business, customer satisfaction is important because
it will generate benefits such as increase profitability or decrease price sensitivity. Better quality of a
product is undeniably one of the requirements in achieving business sustainability as it could help to
attract potential customers and retain loyal customers. Hence, the large market share and good
image of the company will lead the company to sustain its

Discuss The 4ps Of Marketing Mix
OPERATIONAL EXCELLANCE
Background and Origin of Models
4P's of Marketing Mix
The article 'The Concept of the Marketing mix', published by Neil H. Borden in 1964 popularized
the term of the marketing mix. He described the word marketing mix using the phrase quoted by
James Culliton in 1940s in which he explained a marketing executive is a" mix of ingredients"
whose sometimes follow a recipe as he goes along, sometimes adapt a recipe to the ingredients right
away available, and at times experiments with or invents ingredients no one else has tried.(Cuillton J
1948)".According to Borden those ingredients where the product, development, price, brand, supply
channels, personal selling, promotion, pack, display, service, material handling, and fact analysis.
Later E Jerome McCarthy classifies the above mentioned ingredients into four variables those are
now recognized to be as the 4P's of the marketing mix. Product, place, promotion, and price are
considered as the 4P's of the marketing mix. McCarthy considered the 4P's as the most commonly
used variables to set up a marketing approach and creating a marketing plan. The idea of the
marketing mix is simple which can be easily understood by considering a cake and its components.
There are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Generally, marketing mix is executed by using the four P's are product, price, promotion, and place.
Companies use this marketing mix to develop a required response from their target market because
which is the manageable and calculated marketing tool. The marketing mix contains all the elements
necessary for an organization to control the demands for their product or service. Marketing
strategies and implementation can also do by marketing

Lean Manufacturing & Six Sigma Manufacturing
DISCUSSION
Lean manufacturing & six sigma Manufacturing:
Six sigma and lean system has the same way of approaching but uses different technology to
achieve the goal. The both procedure lives up to expectations for to dispense with waste and expand
the productivity of the procedure and convey the zero defect items. Recognizable of primary cause
of waste is the fundamental distinction between lean and six sigma. lean innovation says that waste
originates from undesirable steps in the production process which don 't add the value of the final
product while six sigma says that waste is a direct result of variety of diverse procedures.
The focus on lead–time reduction is an simple and effective performance measure to employ (Suri,
1998) where ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Six sigma has better performance, reduced waste, uniform process output.
Format: Kaizan event format concentrated resources in short time frame. Six sigma has project
format. Resources spread over months.
Scope and Scale: Lean has quick and initial gains, ongoing improvement, suitable for every one and
every part of the business. The scope and scale of six sigma is help to analysis the complex
problems that require in depth analysis. http://improveconsulting.biz/?page_id=154
Lean manufacturing and Theory of Constraints:
The hypothesis of constraints may be an extremely powerful technique for shop floor administration
for a few manufacturers, however in numerous mass customization circumstances it will be hard to
execute because of its substantial dependence on a steady and consistent constraint in the system. At
the point when considering the capacity of TOC to help in making productive mass customization, it
is vital to consider the high variability that will be available. It has been found that once the DBR
component is actualized, the constraint can shift because of variety in the system (Goldratt, 2004),
and these occasional shifts must be recognized and the system adjusted likewise. With mass
customization, numerous organizations will manage high work content variety from every work
piece to the following, accordingly it is likely that the constraint will shift oftentimes, with a higher
impact for low volume

Characteristics Of Six Sigma
Jumpstart to sixsigma program:
Abstract:
Definition of Six sigma:
Six Sigma is defined as highly controlled and well–ordered process to focus on developing and
delivering perfect products and services .
FUNDAMENTAL NOTION behind Six Sigma:
"SIGMA" is Statistical term to measure process deviation from its perfection. You can
systematically point out "HOW TO ELIMINATE DEFECTS?", if you are able to measure the
defects in a process and may get "ZERO DEFECT" performance. In "Six Sigma" ZERO DEFECT
performance is defined as 3.4 failure rate per million or 99.999% perfect.
Characteristics of Six Sigma:
Six sigma intention is to eradicate wastage, ineffectiveness and in efficient processes and to increase
customer satisfaction by facilitating customers in a way they expect.
Six ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Preparing leaders: leaders are essential to provide guidance about Six Sigma principles.
Create Six Sigma Organization: It is to prepare Black Belts and other roles and assign them their
responsibilities.
Training the organization: It is very essential to provide training to relevant staff.
Directing Six Sigma efforts: It can be pragmatic to any aspect of Six Sigma.
Project Selection for Six Sigma:
The most difficult thing in Six Sigma is to select most important problem. To select Projects, there
are two ways.
Top–down:
This approach is related to business strategy and customer need. This approach takes a lot of time to
complete but most Six Sigma projects complete in 3–6 months.
Bottom–up:
Projects are chosen by Black Belts depending upon capabilities of teams . the major drawback of
this approach is that project may not be able to relate to strategic alarms of management.
Key Methodologies for Six Sigma:
DEMAIC Methodology:
This methodology has five steps.
Define: First define project goal or problem
Measure: Measure the process and problem
Analyze: Analyze gathered data to get main cause of

Case Study : Supply Chain Management
Supply Chain Management is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved
in the ultimate provision of product and service packages required by end customers. It is related
with efficiency of a company's supply, the goal of SCM is, to reduce cost caused by bullwhip effect,
or other dummy cost in supply chain. What Lead to the implementation of SCM ? Samsung
Electronics entered the world marketplace as a small consumer electronics company. Soon the IT
related markets were growing at an exponential rate, and Samsung Electronics ultimately grew up as
one of the biggest electronics company in the world. As the company started growing even further
the need to replace the older systems came into being. A new system had to be in place to manage
such a large company. This is what lead to the implementation of SCM. In detail it can be explained
from both Business & IT perspective. Business Perspective Due to internet boom in the 90 's,
business started to grow even further. Before the growing stage Samsung had a very de–centralized
supply control which had many disadvantages like no standardization, lack of strategic planning for
inventory, the demand forecast couldnt be trusted, less reliability etc. Therefore in order to elucidate
these problems Samsung came up with centralized control of the supply chain. Moreover the
competitors had already started to implement SCM which helped them achieve productive results
like lower logistics costs, smaller lead times etc.

Difference Between Innovative Abilities Of Organization...
Six Sigma in an Organization:
Achieving high rate of performance is the aim of any organization, especially under the pressure of
competition. In this regards, innovative abilities of any organization is considered as the leverage of
the competitive abilities. The organization 's innovative abilities have drawn the attention of the
scholars and practitioners over last decade. Trying to link between innovative abilities and another
organizational discipline is one of the most interesting fields to the scholars. Therefore, the current
study tries to evaluate the relationship between innovative abilities of organization and Six Sigma as
one of the organizational discipline that belongs to the quality umbrella. Six Sigma is considered as
a quality approach which has proved its abilities to positively affect the organizational performance.
Thus, the current studies aims to review the literature to introduce a conceptual framework that
discusses the relationship between the two fields of the organizational discipline represented by Six
Sigma and innovation from the perspective of the Absorptive Capacity Theory.
Introduction:
Samsung Electronics Co. (SEC) of Seoul, Korea, is perfecting its fundamental approach to product,
process and personnel development by using Six Sigma as a tool for innovation, efficiency and
quality. SEC was founded in 1969 and sold its first product, a television receiver, in 1971. Since that
time, the company has used tools and techniques such as total

Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training Certification Analysis
Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training Certification video course l Certification l Training
Description –Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training Certification is the in–depth video program for
Six Sigma methodologies and last stage of master. It helps a company to achieve improve product
quality and increased the profits of the organization.
Keywords – what is Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training Certification, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt
Training video course, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training online, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt
Training online exam, certification of Lean Six Sigma Black Belt, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt
Training expert, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training, Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training
certification exam
Lean Six Sigma Black Belt Training Certification In this course the theoretical base knowledge
(theory, examples and exercises) use in practical to support project. The Training consist of
enterprise wide deployment, process ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It highlights the Project selection, for maximum impact define techniques, leadership and team
management, process management and measures, conversion of practical problem to statistical
problem and to develop statistical solution and convert back to practical solution for implementation
and project management techniques such as presentation of project, project closure and successful
transition by using tools and analysis methods(SWOT, total productive maintenance, measurement
system re–analysis, sustain improvement, hypothesis testing, additional analysis). direct for
improving project any of the critical to x (CTX), feedback from customer and meet customer
request, Six Sigma Roles and Responsibilities, DOE, visual control, kanban–Pull & Takt time,
common DFSS methodology, design for X, robust design and process, porter's five competitive F,
theory of inventive problem,

Theory Analysis: Total Quality management
Introduction John Stark associates reports that "Many companies have difficulties in implementing
Total Quality management Approach" According to the prestigious management consultant
company, "Surveys by consulting firms have found that only 20–36% of companies that have
undertaken TQM have achieved either significant or even tangible improvements in quality,
productivity, competitiveness or financial return. As a result many people are skeptical about TQM.
" (http://www.johnstark.com/fwtqm.html). The total Quality Management Approach works towards
achieving client satisfaction and gears its entire process and work towards that outcome. A successor
of that approach, six sigma also works towards customer satisfaction but includes many other
aspects too, focusing on seeking to introduce perfection in all areas of the business by identifying
and removing possible defects, looking out for and dealing with unpredictability, and minimizing
variability. Six sigma seems to add to the objectives of TQM particularly since TQM too, focusing
on the client, seeks to eliminate initial defects and prevent wastage. This is precisely the objective of
Six sigma, performed via scientific metrics. It seems to me, therefore, that a hybrid approach of
TQM supplemented with six sigma may go a long way in helping companies effectuate tangible
improvements in quality, productivity, competitiveness or financial return. What this study,
consequently aims, to do is to format a hybrid approach

Amman / Jordan
Advanced Quality Applications Six Sigma
MBA 774 Dr. Abdallah Abdallah Introduction
Certified Six Sigma Black Belt Exam / ASQ
Six Sigma enterprise wide deployment Business process management Project management Six
Sigma – Define Six Sigma – Measure Six Sigma – Analyze Six Sigma – Improve Six Sigma –
Control Lean enterprise Design for Six Sigma Total 6% 6% 10% 6% 20% 15.3% 14.7% 10% 6%
6% 100% 9 9 15 9 30 23 22 15 9 9 150 (a 4 hour test)
2
Six Sigma Enterprise–wide deployment
What is Six Sigma?
Six sigma is a highly disciplined process that focuses on developing and delivering near perfect
products and services consistently Six sigma is also a management strategy to use statistical tools
and project work to achieve ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For a large company, there is usually one master black belt per 100 black belts.
16
According to the Six Sigma Academy, Black Belts save companies approximately $230,000 per
project and can complete 4 to 6 projects per year. General Electric, one of the most successful
companies implementing Six Sigma, has estimated benefits on the order of $10 billion during the
first five years of implementation. GE first began Six Sigma in 1995 after Motorola and Allied
Signal blazed the Six Sigma trail. Since then, thousands of companies around the world have
discovered the far reaching benefits of Six Sigma.
17
Why Six Sigma works
Bottom line results
Senior management is involved
A disciplined approach is used (DMAIC)

Short project completion time
Clearly defined measures of success
Infrastructure of trained individuals (black belts, green belts)
Customers and processes are the focus
A sound statistical approach is used
18
When Six Sigma should be used and when it should not be used
Pure Six Sigma approach achieves the best results if it is implemented by high performance
organizations Medium and low performance companies should consider more 'basic' techniques to
pick up 'low hanging fruit'
A decision on Six Sigma might be negative if the following conditions exist
The company already has a strong, effective

The Six Sigm Concepts Of Supply Chain Management
Topic: Six Sigma
1.0 Introduction
What is Supply Chain Management (SCM)? Supply Chain Management is the synchronization of a
firm's processes with those of its suppliers and customers to match the flow of materials, services,
and information with customer demand. To provide the highest degree of customer satisfaction at
the lowest possible cost is the flow in supply chain in management of material and information. The
commitment of supply chain partners is important and requires to work together to coordinate order
generation, order taking, and order fulfillment in Supply Chain Management. To maximize customer
value and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace is the active streamlining of a business'
supply–side activities in Supply Chain Management. Development and implementation supply
chains by suppliers is the effort represents Supply Chain Management that are as efficient and
economical as possible. To product and development, the information systems are needed to direct
these undertakings which is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From initial creation to final sale, Supply Chain Management oversees each touch point of a
company's product or service. Through efficiencies or lose value through increased expenses, proper
SCM can increase revenues, decrease costs and impact a company's bottom line with so many
places along the supply chain. So SCM can help company to manage and revise its supply chain
efficiently to stay ahead of the changing trends and continue to add value to its bottom line. Besides
that, technology portion has invested in supply chain which use to synthesize relevant data and to
forecast customer purchase behavior which is a forward–looking implementation in SCM to meet
the expected demand. It also reduces the cost of warehousing and transportation which excess

Difference Between Six Shoetic And Lean Six Sigma
Lean Six Sigma Vs Six Sigma
Abstract– This paper deals with understanding DMAIC and lean methodologies; The difference
between Six Sigma and Lean; Tools used for Six Sigma and Lean and where Six Sigma and Lean
Six Sigma methodologies are used.
Keywords– Six Sigma, Lean, DMAIC, Tools and Methodologies.
1.Introduction
Quality Management is the important process which deals with the quality of delivery product.The
quality of a product is defined as the ability to satisfy the needs and customer expectations.Various
quality strategies exist such as CMMI,SIX SIGMA etc.The most recent quality development
strategy is Six Sigma,Lean Six Sigma. The Six Sigma was developed at Motorola and Motorola is
the first recipient for Malcolm Baldrige ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
TOOLS USED FOR SIX SIGMAAND LEAN:
4.1 SIX SIGMA TECHNICAL TOOLS:
Some of the tools used in Six Sigma DMAIC Methodology
1. CTQ Tree: The critical to quality tree is used in the design phase. It is for brainstorming and
validating the customer needs and requirements.
2. The Process Map: Used in design phase. This Process Map is a diagram of the current steps in the
process targeted for improvement.
3. The Histogram: This is used during analysis stage. It helps the project team to review data
collected during the measure stage.
4. The Pareto Chart: The discrete data is collected and analyzed using Pareto Chart.
5. The Process Summary Worksheet: The goal of project team is to improve efficiency in terms of
labour, cost, time or value. The Process Summary Worksheet is a rollup of sub process map
indicating the steps which add values and other steps that don't add value.
6. The Cause–Effect Diagram: This is the important tool to determine the root cause of problem and
to prevent them.
Here we saw 6 major technical tools used for Six Sigma. Not only these 6 tools are used but also
many tools exist.
4.2 LEAN

Essay About Adidas Company Quality Costs and Improvement
Table of Contents Introduction 6 Discussion on The Concept of Quality Cost in Adidas 6 Prevention
Cost 6 Six Sigma 6 Deming's 14 Points 6 Conclusion 6 References 6
Introduction In the following essay, I will write about Adidas Company and will describe the
relationship among its various quality costs which are failure costs, internal failure costs, external
failure costs, appraisal costs and prevention costs. In addition, I will analyze the efforts the company
should focus on to further improve the quality of its products/services. Therefore, this essay is
divided to 3 main points which I think the company should focus to improve its quality. The first
point is the prevention cost which's the most important quality cost that ... Show more content on
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It includes also the preparation of procedures needed to communicate these plans to all concerned.
New–products review:
This includes design review, reliability engineering, risk assessment, Design of Experiments and
other quality–related activities associated with the launching of new design.
Process planning:
Process capability studies, inspection planning, and other activities associated with the
manufacturing and service processes.
Process control:
In–process inspection and test to determine the status of the process (rather than for product
acceptance). .
Training:
Preparing and conducting quality–related training programs. Conducting training on company
procedures, specification and inspection activities. The employees of Adidas company should be
well trained and updated to the change of services.
Six Sigma (DMAIC)
Another way for Adidas Company to improve the quality of its products and services is to apply Six
Sigma strategy which is a business strategy originally developed by Motorola.
Six Sigma simply means a measure of quality that strives for near perfection. Six Sigma is a
disciplined, data–driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects in any process. In
another meaning Six Sigma is a highly disciplined process that helps us focus on developing and
delivering near–perfect products and services.
Six Sigma focuses on defect prevention; improving quality, cost savings, and reducing waste by
helping

Quality Management Using Six Sigma
Quality Management Using Six Sigma Over the last thirty years, the views on quality management
shifting from a focus on product inspection and problem identification to the theme that product
quality is determined by the process used to produce the product (Jayaraman, Kannabiran, & Kumar,
2013; Kerzner, 2013). As a result many quality/process improvement initiatives and methodologies
have been developed over the last few decades; one such methodology is known as Six Sigma and
has become the most popular of the quality improvement initiatives (Ismyrlis & Moschidis, 2013).
This paper will provide a brief overview of Six Sigma along with an explanation of the DMAIC
methodology. The paper will present an example from the author's workplace in software
engineering to illustrate effective application of the DMAIC process.
Six Sigma Overview As explained by Kumar and Kaushish (2015), Six Sigma is a "disciplined
data–driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects in any process" (p. 7). Six Sigma
stresses the reduction of variation within processes by identifying and eliminating the root causes of
defects (Jayaraman et al., 2013; Kerzner, 2013; Kumar & Kaushish, 2015). The goal of Six Sigma is
to get as close to zero defects as possible. The term Six Sigma comes from the Greek letter σ
(sigma) which in statistics represents one standard deviation (Ismyrlis & Moschidis, 2013; Kumar &
Kaushish, 2015; Mădălina, 2014). Six Sigma, or six standard deviations, yields a

Target 's Purchasing Strategy Goals
Target's purchasing strategy goals for 2015 are to extend its exclusive products and partnerships,
increase design collaborations, and introduce new owned brands products. Target understands
customers' demand for high–quality owned–brand products, innovative partnerships, and exclusive
designer collection offerings. Target is focus on meeting those needs and expectations by making
sound decisions through it purchasing strategies. To add value for its customers, Target continuously
partners up with distinguish or up–and–coming designers to offer unique designer collections. In the
past, Target's has partner up with Peter Pilotto, a London–based designer, to create and offer a
collection of women 's apparel, accessories, and swimwear consisting of bold colors and patterns.
This is only one example how Target uses it purchasing strategy to support its business strategy and
objectives. However, these functional strategies require immense resources and coordination. In
order for Target to ensure its functional strategies are realized, Target must invest in marketing
innovations and develop alliances and partnerships. Target is currently investing in R&D teams
located in San Francisco to create new ways to reach customers and help Target get ahead of
emerging technologies. This requires innovative and creative thinking employees and leading
managers. Likewise, Target must spend a lot of time developing partnership with exclusive brand
and design collaborations with Target

Six Sigma: Overview
Six Sigma
[pic]
The often–used six sigma symbol.
Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of
defects (errors) and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes. It uses a set of
quality management methods, including statistical methods, and creates a special infrastructure of
people within the organization ("Black Belts", "Green Belts", etc.) who are experts in these methods.
Each Six Sigma project carried out within an organization follows a defined sequence of steps and
has quantified targets. These targets can be financial (cost reduction or profit increase) or whatever
is critical to the customer of that process (cycle time, safety, delivery, etc.).
The term ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In recent years[update], some practitioners have combined Six Sigma ideas with lean manufacturing
to yield a methodology named Lean Six Sigma.
Methods
Six Sigma projects follow two project methodologies inspired by Deming 's Plan–Do–Check–Act
Cycle. These methodologies, comprised of five phases each, bear the acronyms DMAIC and
DMADV. DMAIC is used for projects aimed at improving an existing business process. DMAIC is
pronounced as "duh–may–ick". DMADV is used for projects aimed at creating new product or
process designs. DMADV is pronounced as "duh–mad–vee".
DMAIC
The DMAIC project methodology has five phases: Define the problem, the voice of the customer,
and the project goals, specifically. Measure key aspects of the current process and collect relevant
data. Analyze the data to investigate and verify cause–and–effect relationships. Determine what the
relationships are, and attempt to ensure that all factors have been considered. Seek out root cause of
the defect under investigation. Improve or optimize the current process based upon data analysis
using techniques such as design of experiments, poka yoke or mistake proofing, and standard work
to create a new, future state process. Set up pilot runs to establish process capability. Control the
future state process to ensure that any deviations from target are corrected before they result in
defects. Control systems are

Six Sigma Certification And Consulting Services Essay
Introduction:
Remembering the ultimate objective to go with the best layout for our sneaker shoe, our gathering
has received a Six Sigma driven methodology to handle the issue. A DMAIC show has been
prescribed and put into usage to handle and layout the thing with perfect components. The six sigma
stages help us to devise an all–around requested approach to manage the thing setup by separating
all the essential to quality estimations and voice of the customer [VOC]. We have joined a
significant measure of contemplations which the association can realize to additionally enhance the
methodology and think about the viable and best–in class particulars, consequently making a win–
win condition to both the association and customers.
Six Sigma Phases: Six Sigma is a methodology used to improve business processes by utilizing
statistical analysis rather than guesswork. This proven approach has been implemented within a
myriad of industries to achieve hard and soft money savings, while increasing customer satisfaction.
6Sigma.us is at the forefront of Six Sigma certification and consulting services. The DMAIC Model
lead a team logically from defining a problem through implementing solutions linked to underlying
causes, and establishing best practices to make sure the solutions stay in place. We have used this
DMAIC methodology to come up with the best design for our smart sneakers product.
D – Define the problem: The Define phase is the first phase of the Six Sigma improvement

Basic Concept, DFSS Approach, And Quality Management
This chapter reports related literatures to describe the methodology and implementation of six
sigma. The literature review in this paper is divided into four parts viz: Basic concept, DMAIC
methodology, DFSS approach, and Quality deployment.
2.1 Introduction:
The main aim of any business is to earn profit. To achieve this, the selling price of goods should be
increase and the manufacturing cost should be decrease. So decrease in manufacturing cost is
carried by continuous improvement in the company's operation. Six sigma provide a framework for
the improvement in the company's processes and to cut down manufacturing cost. It uses data, facts,
and main cause to solve problem. In six sigma, range between the mean of a process quality ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
DFSS is considered as more effective than DMAIC in early stage of product formation so papers
comes under this category explaining the DFSS and its importance over the DMAIC process. Mader
explains DFSS methodology and its key features and how it improves the design of a process by
improving new product development. On the other hand Antony explains IDOV approach. Koch et
al. describe DFSS approach in detail by explaining the application of DFSS in automotive
crashworthiness which comes under engineering design context.Treichler et. al. describes the use of
DFSS by taking context of united states corporations. All these papers dealing with manufacturing
sector so there are need to explain DFSS dealing with non manufacturing sector [13–16].
Figure 2.2 Illustration of DFSS Process

Case Study : 6 Sigma Manufacturing Process
Abstract:– This case study is about 6 sigma manufacturing process by which continuous
improvement of the product is done. Mainly the 6 sigma is about improving the quality, In order to
identify defects or errors. By using 6 sigma 99.9% the defect will not be there in the product. 6
sigma uses quality management and structural methods. The customer satisfaction can be increased
by using this, production cycle can be reduced, reduction of waste and reducing the cost of the
project.
Introduction:– 6 sigma is defined as the measure of perfection from deviation and measurement of
defects in the process. Mainly the 6 sigma measures the deviation of the process from the quality. It
is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The process need to be planned and it should be satisfied by the customer.
Employee:–
This process deals with leadership commitment where all the employees in the company are well
trained and focused on the project in order to satisfy the customers.
Training programme:– The employees are trained in statistical tools, strategy and 6 sigma
techniques. There are various training programme levels which are as follows:–
1. Quality seminars:– The quality seminar based on overview and basic sigma awareness
programme. The techniques of the 6 sigma are explained to each and every employee.
2. Training the team:– The teams are divided according to functioning of the project who are
participating in the project.
Team management:– The teams are divided according to the qualification and talent of the
employees. There are three types of groups or belts according to the 6 sigma, they are:–
1. Black belt:– Who are the team leaders of the project, used for designing and implementing the
quality approach.
2. Green belt:– The employees who work for the company part–time only.
3. Master black belt:– These employees are like teachers to the project.
Concepts of 6 sigma:– The following concepts are some of the few

Supply Chain Six Sigma in Rmg Sector
Supply chain Management six sigma at RMG
Prepared by
Mohammad Mesbah Uddin,
ID–2013–3–5–019, MBA@BUTEX
1
27–12–2014
ID–2013–3–5–019, MBA@BUTEX
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.I
PAGE
0
ABSTRACT
3
1
INTRODUCTION
4
2
SIX SIGMAAPPROACH
TO DESIGN

5
3
ANANLYSIS OF SUPPLY
CHAIN DELIVERY
PERFRMANCE
6–7
4
DESIGN OF SIX SIGMA
SUPPLY CHAIN
8
5
OUTLINE OF THE
PACKAGE
9–10
6
SMMARY AND FUTURE
WORK
11
7
2
NAME OF ARTICLE
REFERENCES
12
ID–2013–3–5–019, MBA@BUTEX
ABSTRACT

The ready–made garment (RMG) industry has recently occupied the largest part of exports and
foreign currency in Bangladesh and has been for more than a decade the second largest contributor
to gross domestic product ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This metric is most important in supply chain management as it integrates the measurement of
performance right from supplier end to the customer end. Present research is focused on a case study
conducted in a leading Apparel manufacturing firm in Bangladesh and analysis of elemental
performances in overall delivery performance of an entire supply chain in an integrated approach.
3
ID–2013–3–5–019, MBA@BUTEX
INTRODUCTION
Supply chains provide the backbone for manufacturing,service, and E–business companies. The
supply–chain process is a complex, composite business process comprising a hierarchy of different
levels of value–delivering business processes. Achieving superior delivery performance is the
primary objective of any industry supply chain. Quick and timely deliveries entail high levels of
synchronization among all business processes from sourcing to delivery. This in turn calls for
variability reduction all along the supply chain. Variability reduction and businessprocess
synchronization are therefore acknowledged as key to achieving superior levels of delivery
performance in supply–chain networks.
Delivery performance can be defined as the level up to which products and services supplied by an
organization meet the customer expectation. It provides an indication of the potentiality of the
supply chain in providing products and services to the customer. This metric is most important in
supply

Total Product Management: The Management Philosophy Of...
Preface
Total Quality Management is the management philosophy for improving the products and process
under the continuous improvement. Under this philosophy, every little step adds value to the overall
improvement of the organization. Under the TQM, Management tries to coordinate all the
stakeholders of the organization in order to meet the customer expectations. The practices of TQM
are usually seen as cross–functional product design, process management, supplier quality
management, customer involvement, information and feedback, committed leadership, strategic
planning, cross–functional training, and employee involvement.
Whereas, Six Sigma is a business management strategy which seeks to improve the quality of
process outputs by reducing defects and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business
processes. Using Six Sigma, a company can reaches to 99.99966% accuracy in manufacturing which
is statistically expected to be free of defects. Many companies are now integrating TQM and Six
Sigma to get maximum benefit. Using Six Sigma with TQM, it is possible to go through detailed
data analysis for improvement and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It concentrates on producing equality goods and fully satisfying customer expectations and extends
the employees efforts at all dynamics. TQM installs enthusiasm and commitment to do the right
things from top to the bottom in the organization. Actually it is the continuous improvement process
and success comes from every little step forward each day. This process is known as 'Kaizen' in
Japanese culture. In short, Total quality management (TQM) is an integrated organizational effort
designed to improve quality at every level of the

Six Sigma Essay
1. Summary of the topic:
In this document we have done a detailed study of Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma and how they
help Business Analysts to maximize their skill sets to attain maximum process improvements in
their activities. We introduce the topic, provide a historical timeline and disucuss its relevance to the
topic. After that, we analyze current state and use the information to provide results in Analysis and
Synthesis section.
Introduction:
Process Improvement or Business Process Improvement is an aspect of organizational development
(OD) in which a series of actions are taken by a process owner to identify, analyze and improve
existing business processes within an organization to meet new goals and objectives. Six Sigma,
Lean and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You are 2,000 times more likely to reach your destination when you fly than your luggage is –
because airline safety operates at a level higher than 6 sigma, while baggage reliability operates at
about 4. 3 to 4 sigma means two short or long landings at major airports every day, while a 6 sigma
process means one short or long landing at major airports every 5 years. [3]
It is essential that surgery goes right. 3 to 4 sigma means five thousand incorrect surgical operations
per week while a 6 sigma process means less than two incorrect surgical operations per week. [3]
Lean:
Lean maximizes throughout by reducing waste. It started out in manufacturing and production, and
later branched out to be adopted in other areas. It is increasingly being deployed in startups, and in
strategy analysis.
Lean Six Sigma:
Lean Six Sigma combines Lean's time–focused waste–elimination philosophy to dynamic analytical
problem solving toolkit of Six Sigma.
Waste is a non–value adding activity. 7 types of wastes: Transportation, Inventory, (Excess) Motion,
Waiting, Overproduction, Over–Processing, and Defects (TIMWOOD). 8th category: Unused
creativity.
DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control) is a sub–methodology helps improvement of
the existing processes. It is often necessary to iterate through the Measure–Analyze–Improve steps.
Define Stage: Benchmark and baseline the process. Structure and decompose the process into
controllable sub–processes.
Measure Stage:

Literature Study On Construction, Six Sigma, And Lean...
2 LITERATURE STUDY
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the concepts of waste, Lean Construction, Six Sigma and Lean Six Sigma. It
provides an explanation of the tools and techniques of Lean and Six Sigma from the literature study.
It also provides the case studies and frameworks for implementation of Lean and Six Sigma in the
construction industry by various authors.
2.2. LEAN CONSTRUCTION
2.2.1 Introduction
Lean Construction is inspired from the Toyota Production. Toyota production provided the
Transform –Flow –Value(TFV) philosophy of production in 1950's.(Koskela, 1992).According to
this philosophy the production is not only transformation of the inputs to outputs but there exists a
flow of resources and information which seeks to generate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It is the integration of the Should–Can–Will–Did analysis to provide different schedule. It is
opposite to the conventional planning process where adherence to the master schedule is the most
important.
Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS)
Lean Project Deliver system is a conceptual framework to implement the Lean construction for a
project in all the stages in the project definition, design and construction.
Collaboration
It is defined as the collaboration of all the stakeholders in the planning, design, and construction
process. Various tools like Building Integrated Modelling (BIM), Lean Project delivery system,
communication techniques facilitate it.
Kaizen
Kaizen is defined as the continuous improvement while using the techniques of Lean construction.
The organization implementing lean construction has a mechanism to evaluate performance of the
techniques and continues improvements based on lessons. Implementation of lean construction is a
continuous pursuit of perfection.
Visual Aids
Visual Aids help to understand the process and elements for all the part of the construction. They are
also used to guide the workforce to do difficult tasks.

2.3 SIX

Essay on General Electric's Quality Gamble
General Electric's Quality Gamble
The Implementation of Six Sigma
General Electric (GE) is among the most profitable companies and, according to Fortune magazine,
the most admired. It stock is the most highly valued in the world. Some critics would argue, if it's
not broke, why fix it? Jack Welch, CEO of GE, believes in the "infinite capacity to improve
everything." Why does a company that has experienced so much success recently invests over a
billion dollars in a quality initiative? Increased competition has GE adopting the attitude that
businesses that stand still become obsolete as businesses that continue to grow pass them by. Also
by implementing Six Sigma, GE is preparing itself for future profitability ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The result was a culture of the quality that permeated throughout Motorola and led to a period
unprecedented growth and sales. Its genesis lies in a classic stretch–target set in 1981 by Motorola's
CEO, Bob Galvin, to his people: effect a ten–fold improvement in product–failure levels over a 5–
year period. Bill Smith, an engineer at the company, realized that such results could not be achieved
without going into the core of what caused defects in the first place So, he conducted a statistical
correlation between the field–life of a product and the number of flaws that had been spotted and
corrected while the product was being manufactured. The results arrived at in 1985, turned out to be
positive. In other words, if a product had been found defective and corrected during the production–
process, changes were high and other defects had been missed and would show up later during
usage.
An observation had been made that products rarely failed in the first 3 years of customer–usage.
Therefore, the simplest way to prevent product–breakdowns was to ensure that the process
prevented defects of any kind, making detection and repair redundant. External

The Six Sigm An Approach For Business Improvement Keeping...
Six Sigma is an approach for Business Improvement keeping customer satisfaction as the primary
goal and to find and eliminate variations in parts based on the outputs obtained. Six Sigma is a
strategic process. Implementation of Six Sigma effectively would ensure enhanced customer
satisfaction boosting sales and profit levels.
Six Sigma has two different focuses which includes Management and technical [1]. The
Management focus deals with Project metrics, identifying goals, approving/selecting projects and
selecting the workforce on the project [1]. The technical focus primarily deals with minimizing the
variation and improving process performance. Six Sigma predominantly depends on the
management team inorder to complete the assigned projects in timely manner and to ascertain
meeting specific objectives. The Business improvement involves five different stages. Define,
Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. Six Sigma gives at most importance to detailed results at
the bottomline and predict the impact on the Business environment before the Project is approved.
The four significant aspects of Six Sigma are customer satisfaction, understanding of the Process,
critical decision – making and Business results. Six Sigma is advantageous for companies that rely
on bottom–line results and minimizing the number of defects in the Production process. Six Sigma
serves as the common technique or mode in order to measure quality gains of different organizations
and also to compare one

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Problem Solving
Various types of problems are evident. They have been classified as generic or specific for a task,
well–structured to ill structured, diagnostic or remedial. (De Mast and Lokkerbol, 2012). In order to
ensure solved problems do not resurface, scientific methods of problem solving needs to be used.
Literature review suggest that scientific problem solving has been addressed by three schools of
thought namely Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing/ Lean Enterprise and World Class Manufacturing
Practices. These theories have evolved over time with the empirical evidence and new knowledge
uncovered.
2.1 Six Sigma
The origin of six sigma comes from statistics and statisticians. (Hahn et al., 1999), (Hoerl and Snee,
2002), and (Montgomery, 2001) The term six sigma is defined ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The challenge of having quality data available, and solutions driven by the data are expensive and
only a small part of the solution is implemented at the end.
It is a subjective judgement, where a defect may be defined as anything which does not meet
customer needs or expectations. The calculation of defect rates for non–normal situations is yet to be
addressed. The start–up cost for six sigma into a corporate culture (training, consulting,
improvement implementation; and software) can be asignificant investment (Karbasian et al., 2006).
Committed leadership of top management and fully fledged training are crucial to the success of Six
Sigma implementation. Human resource functions need good harmonization with Six Sigma
approach(Tjahjono, B. et al., 2010).The right selection and prioritization of projects is also a critical
success factor(Antony, J., 2004).
Evolution of theoretical and empirical knowledge redefines the theme of Six–Sigma as a method of
improving product and process quality by understanding the relationships between the inputs and
the metrics that define the quality

Design Of A New Smart Design For Six Sigma Project Essay
Introduction:
In this consistently changing technological world, there are new features emerging in every new
model of a new Sneakers. This project shows the views of the consumers on their perception of their
current smart sneakers and their likeliness of adapting a new smart sneakers.
For this case, the DMADV Methodology is followed for the Design for Six Sigma project. Design
of Experiments (DOE) is a systematic method to determine the relationship between factors
affecting a process and output of the process. In this smart sneakers survey we are finding the
relationship between the factors (Water Proof, GPS, Biometric, Cost and Charging). In this project,
we are identifying the feasible models for a new smart sneaker design.
This paper also includes the technical aspects and suggestions on pricing & marketing strategy for
the product to gain the market share, which can further help in retaining better customer satisfaction
and exceed the expectations of the product.
So as to accompany the best plan for our smart sneakers, our group has adopted a Six Sigma driven
strategy to handle the issue. A DMAIC display has been recommended and put into utilization to
handle and plan the item with ideal components. The six sigma stages help us to concoct a well
ordered way to deal with the item configuration by investigating all the basic to quality
measurements and voice of the client [VOC]. We have joined a great deal of thoughts which the
organization can execute to further

What Is Six Sigma In Supply Chain Management
Topic: Six Sigma
1.0 Introduction
What is Supply Chain Management (SCM)? Supply Chain Management is the synchronization of a
firm's processes with those of its suppliers and customers to match the flow of materials, services,
and information with customer demand. To provide the highest degree of customer satisfaction at
the lowest possible cost is the flow in supply chain in management of material and information. The
commitment of supply chain partners is important and requires to work together to coordinate order
generation, order taking, and order fulfillment in Supply Chain Management. To maximize customer
value and gain a competitive advantage in the marketplace is the active streamlining of a business'
supply–side activities in Supply Chain Management. Development and implementation supply
chains by suppliers is the effort represents Supply Chain Management that are as efficient and
economical as possible. To product and development, the information systems are needed to direct
these undertakings which is cover everything from production by supply chains.
In other word, Supply Chain also involved in the manufacture and sale of a product or service which
is the connected network of individuals, organizations, resources, activities and technologies. From
initial creation to final sale, Supply Chain Management ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Six Sigma is use in an organization to make sure the capability of business processes can be improve
and as a tool or method to increase the performance of organization, decrease the variation process
which lead to defect reduction, and help to improve the organization's profits, employees morale,
and their products or services quality. Six sigma is generally a term of quality to a well controlled
process which is

How Six Sigma And Its Effects On The Quality Of Their...
Many business organizations today are looking for the best strategies to improve the quality of their
products. Six Sigma is a methodology that provides a process to measure quality using a data–driven
process (iSixSigma). This framework can be adapted for use in any industry to produce near perfect
quality products or service. In addition to the methodologies Six Sigma has certifications or belts
that include White Belt, Yellow Belt, Green Belt, Black Belt, and Master Black Belt. There are 2
sub–methodologies that are used in the Six Sigma process, the DMAIC (Define, measure, Analyze,
improve, control) and DMADV (define, measure, analyze, design, verify) (iSixSigma). Six Sigma
was developed by Motorola in 1986 as a way to improve the quality in the manufacturing process
(Investopedia). In 1995 General Electric was an early adopter when it successfully implemented Six
Sigma; in the first five years General Electric estimated the benefits at $10 billion (iSixSigma).
Six Sigma, is a management process that focuses on setting extremely high quality standards;
followed by the collection data related to the process and finally analyzing the collected data to find
solution to reduce defects in products or services (Rouse, M., Calloway). This Philosophy of Six
Sigma simple, if you can count the number of defects in a process, you can determine how to
eliminate those defects (Rouse, M., Calloway). The standard for achieving Six Sigma is less 3.4
defects per million (Rouse,

Management
The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1598–
2688.htm
AJQ 13,3
An analysis of critical success factors for Six Sigma implementation
Sunil Sharma
Faculty of Management Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India, and
294
Anuradha R. Chetiya
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
Abstract
Purpose – The success of Six Sigma implementation is known to depend on a number of critical
factors. The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse Six Sigma critical success factors (CSFs)
in the context of Indian manufacturing organizations. Design/methodology/approach – Although Six
Sigma success factors have been amply ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And finally, based on the CSFs extracted, a Six Sigma adoption model in the Asian context is
proposed. 2. Six Sigma CSFs: a literature review CSFs are those factors which are critical to the
success of any organization, in the sense that, if objectives associated with the factors are not
achieved, the organization will fail, perhaps catastrophically so (Rockart, 1979). Every
organization's creation of a Six Sigma infrastructure is unique, however, there are factors common to
every success story (Breyfogle et al., 2001). Yang et al. (2008) in an empirical study in Taiwan
concluded that Six Sigma is a fashionable method of management, but if organizations want to
obtain dramatic benefits from the implementation, they must enhance the implementation of the
CSFs and utilize more advanced tools. Hence, it is necessary that an attempt be made to assimilate
the CSFs through a literature study. Six Sigma is implemented in organizations through the
structured define measure analyze improve control (DMAIC) project approach. As Six Sigma is a
project–driven methodology, it is essential to prioritize projects, which provide maximum financial
benefits to the organization (Anthony and Banuelas, 2002). Importance of the project selection
process as a CSF has been researched by many authors like Kelly (2002), Anthony and Banuelas
(2002), Snee and Rodenbaugh (2002), Park (2003), Ponce and Zahaf (2004), Anbari and Kwak
(2004), Heuvel et al.

Operational Management Issues Of Samsung Company
Samsung is electronic device company that have been found by Lee Byung Chul in the year of 1938
as a trading company. Before it became the electronic based company this company fall into the
areas of food processing, textiles, insurance, securities and retail. In the late of 1960s Samsung enter
electronic industry and middle of 1970s this company enter construction and shipbuilding industries.
However after the death of the founder Samsung have been classified into four major business group
which was Samsung Group, Shinsegae Group, CJ Group and Hansol Group. In the year of 1990s
Samsung has expanding and globalizing their business especially in electronic, particularly mobile
phones and semiconductors, have become its most important source of income. Samsung have been
operating over 50 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Samsung has caught up in operational management issue in maintenance, technical support and
warranty which is very crucial for customer satisfaction the loyalty towards the company. Not on
this below show some issues in Samsung Company.
Hard to control the maintenance, technical support and warranty
Samsung have been outsourcing their business operations to specialist including warranty
administration together with repair on display products. Period of range for customer warranty is
between two to three years. When customer return their completed warranty card supply with each
product and details for future verification then only it is entitled to registered. However the real
problem comes when the current outsource provider failed to maintain the level of service. Samsung
need to think a better way of solving this problem so that they can have faster equipment repair
turnaround, better warranty entitlement management to get high level customer satisfaction.
Samsung Reached its 'tipping point' for Brand

Objectives Of Six Sigma
SIX SIGMA:
Six Sigma means a measure of quality that strives for near perfection. Six Sigma is a disciplined and
data–driven approach or methodology for eliminating defects (driving towards six standard
deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit) in any process , from
manufacturing to transactional and from product to service. The statistical representation of Six
Sigma describes quantitatively how a process is performing. To achieve Six Sigma, a process must
not produce more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. A defect is defined as any process
output that does not meet customer specifications. The fundamental objective of the Six Sigma
methodology is the implementation of a measurement–based strategy that focuses on process
improvement and variation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Six Sigma as a measurement standard in product variation can be traced back to the 1920's when
Walter Shewhart showed that three sigma from the mean is the point where a process requires
correction. Many measurement standards (Cpk, Zero Defects, etc.) later came on the scene but credit
for coining the term "Six Sigma" goes to a Motorola engineer named Bill Smith. (Incidentally, "Six
Sigma" is a federally registered trademark of Motorola).
In the early and mid–1980s with Chairman Bob Galvin at the helm, Motorola engineers decided that
the traditional quality levels – measuring defects in thousands of opportunities – didn't provide
enough granularity. Instead, they wanted to measure the defects per million opportunities. Motorola
developed this new standard and created the methodology and needed cultural change associated
with it. Six Sigma helped Motorola realize powerful bottom–line results in their organization – in
fact, they documented more than $16 Billion in savings as a result of our Six Sigma

Management Philosophy : Six Sigma
Six Sigma is one of those words that most individuals don't use in their everyday vocabulary. What
is Six Sigma you may ask? Maybe it is some kind of product, a slogan or maybe it 's a company. If
you thought it was any of these things, you 're wrong. Six Sigma is actually a management
philosophy. It was developed by engineer Bill Smith (while working at Motorola in 1985). Six
Sigma sets extremely high objectives, collects data, and analyzes results which reduces defects in
products and services.
The whole idea of Six Sigma is if you measure the amount of defects you have in one single
process. You'll have to figure out how to get rid of them and get them as close to "zero defects as
possible"). For any company to fully achieve the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like Black Belts, they concentrate on Six Sigma implementation. In addition to spending time on
statistical duties, Master Black Belts help ensure that Six Sigma processes are applied consistently
throughout an organization's numerous departments and functions."
"Six Sigma Champions are individuals chosen from upper management by Executive Leadership.
Champions are also concerned with enterprise–wide Six Sigma implementation as well as mentoring
lower–level Six Sigma practitioners."
"At the top of the Six Sigma "food chain" is Executive Leadership. This includes a company's CEO
and other members of top management. Executive Leadership determines the overall strategy for the
organization's Six Sigma implementation. They also set the parameters for duties of more junior
practitioners."
Special training is needed for all of these people and companies to ensure that they follow this
methodology and use the data–driven approach correctly. This training is very important to ensure
that everyone is on the same page. Some organizations even use additional belt colors, such as
"Yellow Belts", which is used for employees that have basic training in Six Sigma tools and
generally participate in projects. "White belts" for those locally trained in the concepts but do not
participate in the project team.

For These Reasons, The Catapult (Figure 2) Set Was Suggested
For these reasons, the catapult (Figure 2) set was suggested as a primary training aid in the Six
Sigma training. A catapult offered a tool/process that enhanced the learners' understanding. It
supported up to seven factors at two or more levels of experimental design as well as both
continuous and categorical factors. It provided data for analysis, which could be used for Gauge
Repeatability and Reproducibility (GR&R), Hypothesis Testing such as t–test, one–way ANOVA,
Regression, Design of Experiments (DOE) and Statistical Process Control (SPC). A good tie–in
between the Six Sigma competition game and the Six Sigma topic was desirable to motivate and
ensure engagement during the class. The learners were able to practice the Six Sigma ... Show more
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Therefore the Six Sigma competition game included a reward (i.e. Coins) element in the classroom
quizzes as discussed in the earlier section.
There were two forms of quizzes. The first quiz format was to recapitulate the previous day's
learning using the 'question cards' method. The learners needed to discuss among the team and
developed a question list based on what had learned on the previous day before the question given to
the opponent team to answer. The second one was a Six Sigma pop quiz during the class. The
quizzes not only provide immediate feedback to the trainers if any adjustment of the training was
needed, but also served as an avenue for the teams to earn their coins (resources) depending on the
correctness of the responses. On the other hand, the team would lose its coins for any inappropriate
answers. The deduction of coins was not intended as punishment, but it worked as a tool to control
the individual learner from simply answering without team discussion. The teams had to accumulate
the coins as much as possible to better prepare for the final war by purchasing the necessary tools
such as catapult, aluminum foil, measuring tapes, different types of ball, rubber band, laser pointer
or clamp to build their

Six Sigma Notes

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