Time travel into the past presents several theoretical possibilities and paradoxes according to our current understanding of physics:
1) Gravitational time dilation near massive objects like black holes could allow travel into the future by experiencing slowed time.
2) Hypothetical phenomena like wormholes, cosmic strings, and Kerr black holes could warp spacetime in a way that allows travel into the past, but they have not been proven to exist.
3) The grandfather paradox illustrates that traveling back in time could create inconsistent causal loops that violate causality. Most time travel models seek to avoid such paradoxes.
This is about TIME TRAVEL...........
In this presentation I try to give best knowledge about the time travel if you want to learn about this plz view ..........
This document discusses the concept of time travel through various theories and possibilities. It explains that according to Einstein's theory of relativity, time is relative and can vary for different observers depending on speed. The document then outlines various hypothesized methods for time travel, such as wormholes, black holes, and time machines. It provides brief descriptions of wormholes and black holes as potential means for time travel. The document also discusses how time dilation effects from traveling close to the speed of light could allow for time travel into the future.
Time travel refers to the concept of moving between different points in time, often using a hypothetical time machine. Some theories like relativity suggest time travel may be possible, but it introduces issues like changing the past (the grandfather paradox). While not proven impossible, most scientists are skeptical time travel could occur without resolving these paradoxes. The absence of visitors from the future is a common argument against time travel being possible.
1) The document discusses different theories and concepts related to time travel, including forward and backward time travel in fiction and potential scientific explanations.
2) It examines ideas like time dilation, wormholes, closed timelike curves, and paradoxes (like killing your grandfather) that could result from time travel.
3) Theories around immutable and mutable timelines are presented, exploring how time travel could allow changing or not changing the past within the framework of different models.
Time travel involves moving between different points in time, either backwards or forwards. While forward time travel is possible due to time dilation from relativity, traveling back in time is currently unknown if possible under the laws of physics. Einstein's theories of special and general relativity provide a framework for time travel possibilities, but also introduce paradoxes like changing the past. Theories involving wormholes or parallel universes have been proposed as potential ways to circumvent these paradoxes by traveling between different times or histories.
This is about TIME TRAVEL...........
In this presentation I try to give best knowledge about the time travel if you want to learn about this plz view ..........
This document discusses the concept of time travel through various theories and possibilities. It explains that according to Einstein's theory of relativity, time is relative and can vary for different observers depending on speed. The document then outlines various hypothesized methods for time travel, such as wormholes, black holes, and time machines. It provides brief descriptions of wormholes and black holes as potential means for time travel. The document also discusses how time dilation effects from traveling close to the speed of light could allow for time travel into the future.
Time travel refers to the concept of moving between different points in time, often using a hypothetical time machine. Some theories like relativity suggest time travel may be possible, but it introduces issues like changing the past (the grandfather paradox). While not proven impossible, most scientists are skeptical time travel could occur without resolving these paradoxes. The absence of visitors from the future is a common argument against time travel being possible.
1) The document discusses different theories and concepts related to time travel, including forward and backward time travel in fiction and potential scientific explanations.
2) It examines ideas like time dilation, wormholes, closed timelike curves, and paradoxes (like killing your grandfather) that could result from time travel.
3) Theories around immutable and mutable timelines are presented, exploring how time travel could allow changing or not changing the past within the framework of different models.
Time travel involves moving between different points in time, either backwards or forwards. While forward time travel is possible due to time dilation from relativity, traveling back in time is currently unknown if possible under the laws of physics. Einstein's theories of special and general relativity provide a framework for time travel possibilities, but also introduce paradoxes like changing the past. Theories involving wormholes or parallel universes have been proposed as potential ways to circumvent these paradoxes by traveling between different times or histories.
a detail presentation on one of the most debated topics ever...The presentation features Einsteins,Stephen Hawkings views on time travel. possibilities and ways through travel through time are discussed in the presentation
This document discusses the concept of time travel through both science fiction and theoretical physics. It defines time travel as movement between points in time, potentially using a hypothetical time machine. While one-way travel into the future via time dilation has been proven, traveling to the past faces challenges like paradoxes. The document reviews the history of time travel in fiction and explores theoretical physics concepts like wormholes, cosmic strings, and faster-than-light travel that could potentially allow for time travel. It also addresses paradoxes like the grandfather paradox.
This document discusses several theories of time travel, including Einstein's equations allowing for time travel under certain configurations of matter and energy, Gödel's mathematical solutions showing time travel is possible if the universe rotates, and Kip Thorne's work developing a serious proposal for a time machine using wormholes. While time travel remains theoretically possible, significant technological limitations exist, such as a lack of means to generate the exotic matter needed to stabilize wormholes. Paradoxes also pose challenges to changing the past through time travel.
The document discusses various concepts and theories related to time travel. It begins by defining time travel as moving between different points in time analogous to moving between different points in space, potentially using a time machine. It then discusses Einstein's theories of special and general relativity which established that time is relative and affected by speed and gravity. The document considers some potential ways to achieve time travel, such as moving faster than light, traveling through wormholes or black holes, but also notes significant challenges like paradoxes. It provides examples of depictions of time travel in science fiction films to help explain these complex theoretical physics concepts.
This document discusses Einstein's theories of special and general relativity and how they relate to the concepts of time dilation, length contraction, and potential methods for time travel. It provides explanations of key ideas in relativity such as how mass curves spacetime according to general relativity and how the laws of physics are the same in any inertial frame under special relativity. Several hypothetical methods for time travel are also presented, including cosmic strings, wormholes, Hawking's train, and an Alcubierre drive.
Hi guys!!!
This is a presentation on the time travel.Many of us don't know about time travel, so here you can find the complete information regarding the time travel.
If you guys have any doubts then feel free to ask me in the comments section.
THANK YOU!!!!
This is a presentation on time travelling, here i mainly focused on main sub topics to understand the concept of time travelling, i.e.
1) Parallel Space
2) Paradox
3) How to travel through time
4) Evidence
The document discusses three physical models that attempt to explain time travel: classical mechanics, relativistic mechanics, and quantum mechanics. It describes Einstein's theory of relativity which adds time as a fourth dimension and shows how time is relative to velocity and acceleration. The document also considers whether time travel is possible based on theories of gravity affecting the flow of time and the twin paradox, but concludes it is unclear if traveling back in time could be achieved.
The document discusses various theoretical time machines that could be constructed based on solutions to Einstein's field equations, including rotating cylinders, wormholes, and ring lasers, but notes that most proposals are mathematically possible but physically improbable due to involving unphysical objects or violating causality.
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a renowned German-born physicist who developed the theory of general relativity and special relativity. Some of his key contributions include developing the general theory of relativity, one of the pillars of modern physics, and his mass-energy equivalence formula E=mc2, which demonstrated that mass and energy are the same physical entity and can be changed into one another. He showed that the laws of physics are the same for all observers regardless of their motion or frame of reference.
In these slides first i started with some comments made by legendary people in their field.Then i started with maxwellian equations and how they lead to special relativity and also how it make two different concepts time and space(what thought to be classically different) unified using lorentz transformations.These also give hint that we do not live in euclidean space but rather in minkowskian space and also gave the description of light cone. And in the end video to tell the big picture through visuals.
A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They form when massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycles. There are several types of black holes including stellar black holes formed by collapsed stars and supermassive black holes millions to billions times the mass of our sun. As objects fall into a black hole's event horizon, they become "spaghettified" as the black hole's immense gravity stretches and pulls them apart.
In this presentation, I am discussing about possibilities and Including various concepts and Theories related to Time Travel.
I HOPE YOU ALL WILL LIKE THIS PRESENTATION
Dark matter is an invisible form of matter that accounts for about 85% of the matter in the universe. It was first proposed in 1933 to explain unexpected motions of galaxies, and its existence and properties have since been further confirmed by various observations, though its exact nature remains unknown. Dark matter is distinct from dark energy, which is driving the accelerating expansion of the universe. Leading candidates for dark matter include WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) such as neutralinos and axions.
- Wormholes are hypothetical topological features of spacetime that act as shortcuts through space and time, connecting two regions. They consist of two mouths connected by a throat.
- Einstein first proposed the concept of wormholes in 1935 as bridges connecting different points in spacetime. However, it was later shown that these bridges would be unstable without exotic matter that violates the null energy condition.
- In 1987, Morris and Thorne introduced the concept of traversable wormholes that could theoretically allow travel between different points in the universe if stabilized by exotic matter at the wormhole throat. They provided a simplified theoretical framework and stress-energy scenario for analyzing traversable wormholes.
Black holes are formed when giant stars collapse under their own gravity. If the star's mass is large enough, its gravitational pull becomes so strong that not even light can escape, forming an event horizon around the black hole. Anything that crosses this boundary, including light, cannot escape the black hole. Black holes can also rotate, forming an ergosphere outside the event horizon where the rotation of the black hole drags spacetime itself along. While black holes themselves are invisible, astronomers can detect them through their interaction with nearby matter and the strong gravitational lensing they produce.
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon where the quantum properties of two or more particles become linked in such a way that measuring one particle instantly affects the other, even if they are separated by a large distance. Einstein referred to this as "spooky action at a distance" as it appears to contradict relativity. When the spin of one entangled particle is measured, the other particle will automatically resolve to the opposite spin instantaneously. This effect seems to allow faster-than-light communication, though the exact mechanism remains unclear. Potential applications include quantum computing and teleportation.
Space is not fundamental (although time might be). Talk at the 2010 Philosophy of Science Association Meeting, Montreal. By Sean Carroll, http://preposterousuniverse.com/
The document discusses the concept of teleportation technology. It defines teleportation as the transfer of physical objects from one place to another without physically moving the object. The document outlines several pioneering experiments in teleportation, including teleporting photons over short distances. It explains the key principles of quantum teleportation using entanglement theory and discusses challenges of teleporting larger objects like humans. While theoretically possible, the document notes that teleporting humans remains a challenge and is not yet feasible with today's technology.
Designing for Time Travel: When Responsive Design Is Not EnoughBurin Asavesna
I'm going to talk about time travel.
Responsive Web Design is an approach to optimizing your experience depending on what *device* you're using, but what approaches do we have for when websites get crazy and need to adapt to what *time* you are viewing it? This talk will discuss challenges faced when designing sites that need to respond to time. We will also discuss tools and techniques to use that help websites become more dynamic (is there such a thing as a media query for time?). The case study for this talk will be a wedding website. As the date for the wedding approaches and passes, visitors will care about different pieces of information. 6 months out, 3 months out, a week before, the night before, the day of, a week after, and way-way after. Another example that will be used is how the Olympics website would've been designed using these techniques.
The document describes Memento, a system that introduces time travel capabilities to the web. Memento enables content negotiation in the datetime dimension using an Accept-Datetime header, allowing users to request past versions of web resources. It defines terminology like Memento (an archived past version of a resource) and TimeGate (a resource that supports datetime negotiation to Mementos). Memento addresses integrating current and past web by allowing archives to provide Mementos transparently through TimeGates using datetime content negotiation.
a detail presentation on one of the most debated topics ever...The presentation features Einsteins,Stephen Hawkings views on time travel. possibilities and ways through travel through time are discussed in the presentation
This document discusses the concept of time travel through both science fiction and theoretical physics. It defines time travel as movement between points in time, potentially using a hypothetical time machine. While one-way travel into the future via time dilation has been proven, traveling to the past faces challenges like paradoxes. The document reviews the history of time travel in fiction and explores theoretical physics concepts like wormholes, cosmic strings, and faster-than-light travel that could potentially allow for time travel. It also addresses paradoxes like the grandfather paradox.
This document discusses several theories of time travel, including Einstein's equations allowing for time travel under certain configurations of matter and energy, Gödel's mathematical solutions showing time travel is possible if the universe rotates, and Kip Thorne's work developing a serious proposal for a time machine using wormholes. While time travel remains theoretically possible, significant technological limitations exist, such as a lack of means to generate the exotic matter needed to stabilize wormholes. Paradoxes also pose challenges to changing the past through time travel.
The document discusses various concepts and theories related to time travel. It begins by defining time travel as moving between different points in time analogous to moving between different points in space, potentially using a time machine. It then discusses Einstein's theories of special and general relativity which established that time is relative and affected by speed and gravity. The document considers some potential ways to achieve time travel, such as moving faster than light, traveling through wormholes or black holes, but also notes significant challenges like paradoxes. It provides examples of depictions of time travel in science fiction films to help explain these complex theoretical physics concepts.
This document discusses Einstein's theories of special and general relativity and how they relate to the concepts of time dilation, length contraction, and potential methods for time travel. It provides explanations of key ideas in relativity such as how mass curves spacetime according to general relativity and how the laws of physics are the same in any inertial frame under special relativity. Several hypothetical methods for time travel are also presented, including cosmic strings, wormholes, Hawking's train, and an Alcubierre drive.
Hi guys!!!
This is a presentation on the time travel.Many of us don't know about time travel, so here you can find the complete information regarding the time travel.
If you guys have any doubts then feel free to ask me in the comments section.
THANK YOU!!!!
This is a presentation on time travelling, here i mainly focused on main sub topics to understand the concept of time travelling, i.e.
1) Parallel Space
2) Paradox
3) How to travel through time
4) Evidence
The document discusses three physical models that attempt to explain time travel: classical mechanics, relativistic mechanics, and quantum mechanics. It describes Einstein's theory of relativity which adds time as a fourth dimension and shows how time is relative to velocity and acceleration. The document also considers whether time travel is possible based on theories of gravity affecting the flow of time and the twin paradox, but concludes it is unclear if traveling back in time could be achieved.
The document discusses various theoretical time machines that could be constructed based on solutions to Einstein's field equations, including rotating cylinders, wormholes, and ring lasers, but notes that most proposals are mathematically possible but physically improbable due to involving unphysical objects or violating causality.
Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a renowned German-born physicist who developed the theory of general relativity and special relativity. Some of his key contributions include developing the general theory of relativity, one of the pillars of modern physics, and his mass-energy equivalence formula E=mc2, which demonstrated that mass and energy are the same physical entity and can be changed into one another. He showed that the laws of physics are the same for all observers regardless of their motion or frame of reference.
In these slides first i started with some comments made by legendary people in their field.Then i started with maxwellian equations and how they lead to special relativity and also how it make two different concepts time and space(what thought to be classically different) unified using lorentz transformations.These also give hint that we do not live in euclidean space but rather in minkowskian space and also gave the description of light cone. And in the end video to tell the big picture through visuals.
A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They form when massive stars collapse at the end of their life cycles. There are several types of black holes including stellar black holes formed by collapsed stars and supermassive black holes millions to billions times the mass of our sun. As objects fall into a black hole's event horizon, they become "spaghettified" as the black hole's immense gravity stretches and pulls them apart.
In this presentation, I am discussing about possibilities and Including various concepts and Theories related to Time Travel.
I HOPE YOU ALL WILL LIKE THIS PRESENTATION
Dark matter is an invisible form of matter that accounts for about 85% of the matter in the universe. It was first proposed in 1933 to explain unexpected motions of galaxies, and its existence and properties have since been further confirmed by various observations, though its exact nature remains unknown. Dark matter is distinct from dark energy, which is driving the accelerating expansion of the universe. Leading candidates for dark matter include WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) such as neutralinos and axions.
- Wormholes are hypothetical topological features of spacetime that act as shortcuts through space and time, connecting two regions. They consist of two mouths connected by a throat.
- Einstein first proposed the concept of wormholes in 1935 as bridges connecting different points in spacetime. However, it was later shown that these bridges would be unstable without exotic matter that violates the null energy condition.
- In 1987, Morris and Thorne introduced the concept of traversable wormholes that could theoretically allow travel between different points in the universe if stabilized by exotic matter at the wormhole throat. They provided a simplified theoretical framework and stress-energy scenario for analyzing traversable wormholes.
Black holes are formed when giant stars collapse under their own gravity. If the star's mass is large enough, its gravitational pull becomes so strong that not even light can escape, forming an event horizon around the black hole. Anything that crosses this boundary, including light, cannot escape the black hole. Black holes can also rotate, forming an ergosphere outside the event horizon where the rotation of the black hole drags spacetime itself along. While black holes themselves are invisible, astronomers can detect them through their interaction with nearby matter and the strong gravitational lensing they produce.
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon where the quantum properties of two or more particles become linked in such a way that measuring one particle instantly affects the other, even if they are separated by a large distance. Einstein referred to this as "spooky action at a distance" as it appears to contradict relativity. When the spin of one entangled particle is measured, the other particle will automatically resolve to the opposite spin instantaneously. This effect seems to allow faster-than-light communication, though the exact mechanism remains unclear. Potential applications include quantum computing and teleportation.
Space is not fundamental (although time might be). Talk at the 2010 Philosophy of Science Association Meeting, Montreal. By Sean Carroll, http://preposterousuniverse.com/
The document discusses the concept of teleportation technology. It defines teleportation as the transfer of physical objects from one place to another without physically moving the object. The document outlines several pioneering experiments in teleportation, including teleporting photons over short distances. It explains the key principles of quantum teleportation using entanglement theory and discusses challenges of teleporting larger objects like humans. While theoretically possible, the document notes that teleporting humans remains a challenge and is not yet feasible with today's technology.
Designing for Time Travel: When Responsive Design Is Not EnoughBurin Asavesna
I'm going to talk about time travel.
Responsive Web Design is an approach to optimizing your experience depending on what *device* you're using, but what approaches do we have for when websites get crazy and need to adapt to what *time* you are viewing it? This talk will discuss challenges faced when designing sites that need to respond to time. We will also discuss tools and techniques to use that help websites become more dynamic (is there such a thing as a media query for time?). The case study for this talk will be a wedding website. As the date for the wedding approaches and passes, visitors will care about different pieces of information. 6 months out, 3 months out, a week before, the night before, the day of, a week after, and way-way after. Another example that will be used is how the Olympics website would've been designed using these techniques.
The document describes Memento, a system that introduces time travel capabilities to the web. Memento enables content negotiation in the datetime dimension using an Accept-Datetime header, allowing users to request past versions of web resources. It defines terminology like Memento (an archived past version of a resource) and TimeGate (a resource that supports datetime negotiation to Mementos). Memento addresses integrating current and past web by allowing archives to provide Mementos transparently through TimeGates using datetime content negotiation.
TEDx Manchester: AI & The Future of WorkVolker Hirsch
TEDx Manchester talk on artificial intelligence (AI) and how the ascent of AI and robotics impacts our future work environments.
The video of the talk is now also available here: https://youtu.be/dRw4d2Si8LA
MC0085 – Advanced Operating Systems - Master of Computer Science - MCA - SMU DEAravind NC
This document contains 5 questions related to advanced operating systems. Question 1 defines message passing systems and discusses their desirable features such as simplicity, efficiency, reliability, correctness, flexibility and security. Question 2 discusses remote procedure calls (RPC) and how they allow remote subroutine execution. It explains the sequence of events during an RPC including client/server stubs and message passing. Question 3 covers distributed shared memory including memory coherence models, implementation strategies, and centralized server algorithms. Question 4 discusses resource management approaches like task assignment, load balancing, and load sharing. Question 5 outlines challenges in distributed file systems like transparency, flexibility, reliability and performance, and discusses client and server perspectives on file services and access semantics.
This presentation provides updated technical information regarding the Memento framework to support time travel on the Web. Its technical content overrides the first Memento presentation (http://www.slideshare.net/hvdsomp/memento-time-travel-for-the-web). More Memento information is available at http://www.mementoweb.org.
The document discusses the possibility of time travel through relativity. It explains that traveling faster than the speed of light could allow someone to go back in time. It also discusses how observing stars allows us to see into the past, as the light we see from distant stars was emitted many years ago. Finally, it notes that studying fossils and remains can provide insights into the distant past without having to travel at all.
The document discusses several concepts related to time travel, including spacetime, black holes, wormholes, and parallel universes. Spacetime combines space and time into a single continuum with time as the fourth dimension. Black holes create such strong gravity that not even light can escape, potentially allowing travel through wormholes or white holes. Parallel universe theory suggests other universes may exist where physical laws or events differ from our own.
Do We Live in a Black Hole? Modern Conceptions of the MultiverseLuke Conlin
Modern physics grapples with some of humankind’s biggest questions: ‘Why is the universe the way it is? And why are we here, able to ask the question?’ In their search for answers, leading physicists have been considering some wild ideas, including the existence of multiple universes (the ‘multiverse’) and the possibility that we may actually be living in a black hole. I will explain the physics behind these wild ideas, describe how they might answer our biggest questions, and lay out the prospects for finding observational evidence to support or refute them.
The document discusses the life of astronauts, including what they wear, how they live in space, and what they eat. It then describes an activity where students simulate astronaut training by completing puzzles with barbecue gloves to simulate space suits, testing their dexterity, communication, and problem-solving skills. The activity aims to teach students about the important skills required of astronauts.
The document provides information about various missions to the moon, including key facts about the size and distance of the moon from earth. It summarizes several early Soviet lunar missions from 1959 to 1966 that conducted flybys, impacts or attempted landings on the moon. Several American Apollo missions that achieved lunar orbiting and landings are described from 1968 to 1972, including details about the crews. India's first lunar mission, Chandrayaan-1, which was launched in 2008 and placed an Indian flag on the moon, is also summarized.
An Introduction about The Black Hole and its typesSenthil Kumar
Black holes are regions of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. They form when massive stars over 8 times the sun's mass die in supernova explosions. Billions of black holes exist between galaxies and millions exist within our own Milky Way galaxy. Black holes can be detected by their gravitational effects on nearby stars and the intense light produced from material falling into supermassive black holes at galaxy cores. Orbiting black holes is possible only at precise speeds - too slow will lead to spiraling in, too fast will escape, and intermediate speeds result in complex rosetta orbits.
When asked to do a research assignment, Rafael , 12M (EJR) went for two topics that have puzzled him. This is the ppt he created as the support for his presentation.
Chandrayaan-1 was India's first lunar orbiter mission, launched in 2007-2008. It was designed to conduct high-resolution remote sensing of the lunar surface using visible, infrared, X-ray and gamma ray instruments over a planned 2-year operational life. The orbiter's objectives included producing a 3D topographical map of the moon and studying the distribution of minerals and chemical elements on the lunar surface. Chandrayaan-1 helped advance India's space science capabilities and achieved its mission goals before its operations concluded in 2009.
Pulsars are rapidly rotating neutron stars that emit beams of electromagnetic radiation. They were discovered in 1967 and form during supernova explosions when massive stars collapse. Pulsars appear to pulse because they rotate and emit beams of radiation that sweep across space like a lighthouse, appearing brighter when facing Earth. They are very dense and spin very quickly due to their compressed gravity. Black holes form when massive stars collapse at the end of their life and have such strong gravity that not even light can escape. They come in different sizes from stellar to supermassive and are detected by their effects on nearby stars. The event horizon marks the boundary where light cannot escape from a black hole's strong gravity.
The document discusses various aspects of time travel including:
- Defining time travel as hypothetical travel to the past or future using a fictional time machine.
- Different types of time travel such as viewing or participating in the past/future.
- Potential benefits like avoiding disasters but also downsides like unintended consequences.
- Main rules for time travel including avoiding changing the past in ways that impact the future.
- Suggesting time travel may be possible through using one's mind and memories to revisit important life events.
Distributed Time Travel for Feature Generation by DB Tsai and Prasanna Padman...Spark Summit
This document describes Netflix's use of distributed time travel for feature generation using data snapshots. Key points:
1. Netflix uses data snapshots of online services stored in S3 to generate features offline for model training and experimentation, allowing ideas to be tested on historical data quickly before deploying live tests.
2. A "DeLorean" system selects contexts, takes snapshots of data from services like viewing history and playlists, and provides batch APIs to access snapshot data for offline experiments.
3. Feature encoders generate features using the snapshot data without calling live systems, and features are stored in Parquet files in S3. Successful models are then deployed online.
4. This approach significantly reduces the time
A tribute to ISRO and its vision, on the occasion of the successful launch of Chandrayaan-I.
I have tried to chronicle ISRO's journey from humble beginnings as the underfunded space program of an impoverished nation to one of the premier space research organisations of the world.
This particular presentation was created for school children, in order to inspire them to dream big and take pride in their nation's endeavours.
- Rahul M
The introduction of supernova system: a vector system for single-cell labelin...Div. of Neurogenet., NIG
Here, we introduce the “Supernova system”, which has been reported in the following two papers:
- NMDAR-Regulated Dynamics of Layer 4 Neuronal Dendrites during Thalamocortical Reorganization in Neonates. Mizuno et al., Neuron 2014.
- Supernova: A Versatile Vector System for Single-Cell Labeling and Gene Function Studies in vivo. Luo et al. Sci. Rep.2016.
Lab web site: https://www.nig.ac.jp/labs/NeurGen/
Supernova support site: http://snsupport.webcrow.jp/
contact: tiwasato(at)nig.ac.jp
Supernova Inc. is a nonprofit organization that aims to promote STEM education and careers related to the space industry. They plan to launch a Science Month initiative in April 2012 with activities like a logo contest, website, and discounts at educational institutions. They also want to sponsor the National Science Olympiad competition to influence more students to pursue STEM careers. Supernova conducted surveys that found academic competitions can encourage long-term interest in science and influence career choices. They propose programs like a career portal, mentors, and junior ambassadors to provide resources for students considering space-related fields.
For many years time travel was considered science fiction, but recent scientific theories suggest it may be possible to travel through time according to the laws of physics. Scientists believe we could potentially travel back in time to witness historical events like the signing of the Declaration of Independence or travel thousands of years into the future. However, actually traveling through time would require withstanding immense pressures and speeds, and there are still open philosophical questions about the implications of altering the past.
Time travel is theoretically possible according to current laws of physics. Traveling to the future could be achieved through time dilation effects that occur when traveling close to the speed of light, where time passes more slowly for the traveling object relative to a stationary observer. Traveling to the past may be possible through wormholes or special spacetime geometries, but poses philosophical paradoxes like the grandfather paradox. While time travel remains theoretical, it demonstrates interesting applications of Einstein's theory of relativity and opens possibilities for further exploration.
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hello, friends it time for new scientific consideration ,usually what we think how time pass away,,,,,,,,,o come on i wish to get back in past...also in future......what you say???...take a look........
No, it is not possible to travel to the past according to current scientific theories. While Einstein's theory of relativity allows for time travel to the future via high speeds or gravity, no theory demonstrates the possibility of backwards time travel. Some theoretical physics speculate about ways past travel could be compatible with natural laws, but none have been proven. In the movie Interstellar, the main character ages more slowly than his daughter due to spending significant time near a black hole with strong gravity, allowing him to travel years into the future relative to her.
This document discusses theories of interstellar communication and time travel. It covers the following key points:
1. Einstein's theory of relativity and the cosmological constant factor support the possibility of time travel by allowing for wormholes and dimensions beyond the typical four dimensions of space-time.
2. Wormhole theory proposes that wormholes could connect distant regions of space and act as shortcuts for interstellar travel or travel between different points in time. However, generating human-sized wormholes requires energy levels far beyond today's capabilities.
3. Additional challenges for time travel theories include the uncertainties of quantum mechanics, generating sufficient energy to return from destinations, and unpredictability according to some wormhole models. Overall, while relativity
Interstellar Communication Theories and its PossibilitiesIJMER
This paper reviews and discusses the research dimensions in four dimensional time travel and
time dependencies of future and past on the basis of present. The paper investigates the theories that
support time travel in any manner and explore possibilities based on them for interstellar communication
The document discusses various theories and possibilities regarding time travel. It begins by defining time travel as traveling to another point in time, either in the past or future. It then outlines some of the major theories regarding time travel forwards, such as time dilation, and time travel backwards, including the possibility of using wormholes or special spacetime geometries. The document also mentions some of the philosophical issues surrounding time travel, such as the grandfather paradox. In conclusion, it examines the debate around whether time travel could actually be possible based on modern understandings of physics.
1) The document discusses theories about how the sun is transitioning to a hotter stage of evolution due to increased dust and debris in the solar system providing more fuel. This will cause the sun's magnetic ionization level and temperature to increase in quantum jumps rather than smoothly.
2) When the sun's magnetic ionization increases, its interior will accelerate past light speed, emitting radioactivity. Once this high-speed matter slows below light speed at the sun's surface, it will emit bursts of x-rays. This could cause the sun to temporarily "go dark."
3) The theories presented aim to explain phenomena like chemtrails, geoengineering and climate change as effects of the sun's transition
General relativity is Einstein's theory of gravitation published in 1915. It explains gravitational phenomena by describing how spacetime is curved by mass and energy. Some key points:
- General relativity superseded Newton's theory of gravity and describes gravity not as a force but as a curvature of spacetime.
- Einstein made several predictions with general relativity including the bending of starlight and gravitational time dilation, which have all been confirmed by observations.
- Tests of general relativity include measuring the precession of Mercury's orbit, the deflection of starlight near the sun, and gravitational redshift of light escaping gravitational fields.
The document discusses the universe and the Big Bang theory. It provides information on:
1) The universe consists of space, time, matter, and energy. Some hypotheses suggest there may be more dimensions and other universes beyond what we can observe.
2) Hubble's law established that galaxies are moving away from Earth and the farther away they are, the faster they recede. This supported the idea that the universe began as a single point and has been expanding ever since.
3) The Big Bang theory proposes the universe expanded from an initial extremely dense and hot state approximately 13.8 billion years ago. It explains phenomena like the cosmic microwave background radiation and abundance of light elements.
This paper discusses theoretical solutions for interstellar travel, including fusion drives, solar sails, and warp drives. Fusion drives could propel a ship to 10-20% the speed of light using contained fusion reactions, allowing travel within 20 light years. Solar sails, the only existing technology, could reach 60% light speed with powerful lasers and travel to nearby stars within a human lifespan. A hypothetical warp drive could contract space in front and expand it behind, riding a wave of spacetime and allowing travel faster than light, though this technology is at least 100 years away. While interstellar travel poses huge technological challenges, developing these solutions could allow humanity to spread beyond the solar system.
This article aims to present the origin and evolution of Universe, Sun and Earth as well as alternative solutions for the survival of humanity with the end of Earth planet, Sun and Universe.
The document describes a scenario where Earth is becoming uninhabitable due to environmental problems. NASA scientists have developed two plans to ensure humanity's survival: Plan A involves using a wormhole to transport people to a new planet, while Plan B involves sending frozen embryos to another habitable planet. 12 volunteers went through the wormhole to explore 12 possible planets, and 3 reported back to Earth. A new team is being sent to explore these 3 planets further and implement one of the survival plans. The document then provides background information on wormholes, black holes, gravitational time dilation, and tesseracts.
The document discusses the International Space Station (ISS). It is the largest structure humans have put into space, flying at an average altitude of 248 miles above Earth. It circles the globe every 90 minutes at a speed of about 17,500 mph. The ISS serves as a laboratory for new technologies and an observation platform for research, as a permanently occupied outpost in outer space.
This document proposes an alternative theory called Fluid Space Theory to explain the galaxy rotation problem without dark matter. It suggests that space-time flows inward around massive objects like galaxies due to velocity fields, and that this inward flow accounts for the "missing" mass. The theory applies principles of special relativity to argue that the inward moving space-time becomes compressed, so its volume decreases without limit as it approaches light speed, resolving issues with an unlimited accumulation of space-time near massive objects. It proposes this inward flowing and compressing space-time can explain the observed faster rotation speeds of galaxies.
This article seeks to present the future of the Universe, as well as to point out the measures that lead to the survival of humanity in the face of the numerous threats that may occur at the level of the solar system and the Universe as a whole.
Chapter 1 - Our Picture of the UniverseChapter 2 - Space and.docxcravennichole326
This document provides an overview of the chapters in Stephen Hawking's book "A Brief History of Time". It summarizes the key ideas presented in each chapter, including our picture of the universe, space and time, the expanding universe, the uncertainty principle, elementary particles and forces of nature, black holes, the origin and fate of the universe, and the arrow of time. It also discusses updates made in subsequent editions, including a new chapter on wormholes and time travel.
MC0083 – Object Oriented Analysis &. Design using UML - Master of Computer Sc...Aravind NC
The document discusses several object-oriented concepts and methodologies. It defines objects as instances of classes that can perform related activities. Encapsulation is achieved through classes that expose public methods while hiding internal details. Polymorphism allows the same operations to be performed on different types of objects. It also explains the Object Modeling Technique (OMT) methodology, including its object model, dynamic model, and functional model. The Booch methodology is also briefly described.
This document discusses software project management and quality assurance. It defines project management as a systematic method of achieving goals with optimized use of resources like time, money, and personnel. Project management involves activities like planning, resource estimation, organizing work, assigning tasks, controlling execution, reporting progress, and analyzing results. The document then discusses software cost estimation methods like algorithmic models, expert judgment, analogy estimation, top-down estimation, bottom-up estimation, and the COCOMO model. It also explains project scheduling techniques like milestone charts, Gantt charts, and activity networks. Finally, it briefly discusses the role of mathematics in software development and debugging as a methodical process of finding and reducing bugs in a program.
The document defines equivalence relation and provides two examples. It then proves some properties about equivalence relations on real numbers. It proves mathematical induction for a formula relating sums and cubes. It proves properties about spanning trees and connectivity in graphs. It also proves that congruence modulo m is an equivalence relation by showing it satisfies the properties of reflexivity, symmetry, and transitivity. Finally, it explains the concepts of transition graphs and transition tables for representing finite state automata.
Master of Computer Application (MCA) – Semester 4 MC0080Aravind NC
This document describes several sorting algorithms and asymptotic analysis techniques. It discusses bubble sort, selection sort, insertion sort, shell sort, heap sort, merge sort, and quick sort as sorting algorithms. It then explains asymptotic notation such as Big-O, Big-Omega, and Theta to describe the time complexity of algorithms. Finally, it asks questions about Fibonacci heaps, binomial heaps, Strassen's matrix multiplication algorithm, and formalizing a greedy algorithm.
Master of Computer Application (MCA) – Semester 4 MC0079Aravind NC
The document describes mathematical models and provides examples of different types of models. It discusses linear vs nonlinear models, deterministic vs probabilistic models, static vs dynamic models, discrete vs continuous models, and deductive vs inductive vs floating models. It also explains the Erlang family of distributions used in queuing systems and provides the probability density function and cumulative distribution function. Finally, it outlines the graphical method algorithm for solving a linear programming problem with two variables in 8 steps.
Master of Computer Application (MCA) – Semester 4 MC0078Aravind NC
An interface is a specification for methods that a class must implement, while an abstract class can contain both implemented and non-implemented methods. The main differences are that interface methods are implicitly abstract, variables in interfaces are final by default, and interfaces can only extend other interfaces while abstract classes can extend classes and implement interfaces. Exception handling in Java uses try/catch blocks to handle exceptions, with checked exceptions requiring handling at compile time. Abstract classes are incomplete classes that cannot be instantiated directly but can serve as base classes, while object adapters use delegation to adapt existing classes to new interfaces. Sockets in Java allow reading/writing between client and server programs, with the server creating a ServerSocket to listen for client connections.
Master of Computer Application (MCA) – Semester 4 MC0077Aravind NC
The document provides information on various database normalization forms including 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, and 4NF. It explains the differences between 3NF and BCNF, noting that BCNF is a stronger normal form that can capture some anomalies not captured by 3NF. It also discusses the differences between distributed and centralized database systems, highlighting advantages of data distribution such as data sharing, reliability/availability through replication, and faster query processing through parallelization.
Master of Computer Application (MCA) – Semester 4 MC0076Aravind NC
1. Information processes data by taking raw data and formatting, filtering, and summarizing it to influence choices and decisions. Data becomes information when it is analyzed and processed.
2. Executive information systems provide direct support to top managers by giving them easy access to key performance indicators and the ability to track company and business unit performance over time through visual interfaces. They also allow executives to access internal and external data and tailor the system to their individual preferences.
3. In manual paper-based systems, information must be retrieved directly from paper files which can be slow, error-prone, and lack transparency. Key files can also get lost or tampered with more easily than in electronic systems.
Google X is Google's secret research and development facility that oversees more than 100 futuristic projects. Some projects include developing a space elevator to transport payloads into space more efficiently than rocket launches, connecting home appliances to the internet, and developing Google Glass - an augmented reality head-mounted display. Google is also working on developing ultra-high speed internet through Google Fiber and self-driving car technology.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
2. Introduction
At its most basic level, time is the rate of Human beings frolic about in the
change in the universe -- and like it or
not, we are constantly undergoing change. three spatial dimensions of length,
We age, the planets move around the sun width and depth.
etc.
We measure the passage of time in sec, Time joins the party as that most
min, hrs and years, but this doesn't mean crucial fourth dimension.
time flows at a constant rate. Just as the
water in a river rushes or slows depending Time can't exist without space, and
on the size of the channel, time flows at space can't exist without time.
different rates in different places. In
other words, time is relative. The two exist as one: the space-time
continuum.
Any event that occurs in the universe
has to involve both space and time.
4. Time Travel Into the Future
If you want to advance through the years a
little faster than the next person, you'll
need to exploit space-time.
GPS pull this off every day, accruing an
extra third-of-a-billionth of a second daily.
Time passes faster in orbit, because
satellites are farther away from the mass of
the Earth.
Down here on the surface, the planet's mass
drags on time and slows it down in small
measures.
We call this effect gravitational time
dilation.
5. Gravitational Lensing Effect
According to Einstein's theory of general
relativity, gravity is a curve in space-time.
When light is moving near a sufficiently
massive object. Particularly large suns, for
instance, can cause an otherwise straight
beam of light to curve in what we call the
gravitational lensing effect.
6.
7. What does this have to do with time?
Remember: Any event that occurs in the
universe has to involve both space and time.
Gravity doesn't just pull on space;
it also pulls on time.
8. You wouldn't be able to notice minute changes in the flow of
time, but a sufficiently massive object would make a huge
difference -- say, like the supermassive black hole Sagittarius
A at the center of our galaxy.
Here, the mass of 4 million suns exists as a single, infinitely
dense point, known as a singularity.
Circle this black hole for a while (without falling in) and you'd
experience time at half the Earth rate. In other words, you'd
round out a five-year journey to discover an entire decade
had passed on Earth
9. Speed also plays a role in the rate at
which we experience time. Time
passes more slowly the closer you
approach the unbreakable cosmic
speed limit we call the speed of light.
For instance, the hands of a clock in
a speeding train move more slowly
than those of a stationary clock. A
human passenger wouldn't feel the
difference, but at the end of the trip
the speeding clock would be slowed
by billionths of a second. If such a
train could attain 99.999 percent of
light speed, only one year would
pass onboard for every 223 years
back at the train station
10. In effect, this
hypothetical
commuter would have
traveled into the
future. But what about
the past? Could the
fastest starship
imaginable turn back
the clock?
12. We've established that time travel into the future
happens all the time.
Scientists have proven it in experiments, and the idea
is a fundamental aspect of Einstein's theory of
relativity.
You'll make it to the future; it's just a question of how
fast the trip will be.
But what about travel into the past? A glance into the
night sky should supply an answer.
13. The Milky Way galaxy is roughly 100,000 light-years
wide,
so light from its more distant stars can take thousands
upon thousands of years to reach Earth.
Glimpse that light, and you're essentially looking back
in time.
When astronomers measure the cosmic microwave
background radiation, they stare back more than 10
billion years into a primordial cosmic age.
14. Law of Causality
There's nothing in Einstein's theory that precludes time travel
into the past, but the very premise of pushing a button and
going back to yesterday violates the law of causality, or
cause and effect.
One event happens in our universe, and it leads to yet another
in an endless one-way string of events.
In every instance, the cause occurs before the effect.
Just try to imagine a different reality,
Say, a person’s birth(cause) and the person (effect)
Travels to his past, and now we can see the effect is before the
cause which is not possible.
Exception (BBT)
15. Could we avoid causality ?
Some scientists have proposed the idea of using faster-than-light
travel to journey back in time.
After all, if time slows as an object approaches the speed of light,
then might exceeding that speed cause time to flow backward?
Of course, as an object nears the speed of light, its relativistic mass
increases until, at the speed of light, it becomes infinite.
Accelerating an infinite mass any faster than that is impossible.
Warp speed technology could theoretically cheat the universal
speed limit by propelling a bubble of space-time across the
universe, but even this would come with colossal, far-future energy
costs.
16. But what if time travel into the past and future
depends less on speculative space propulsion
technology and more on existing cosmic
Yes, Set a course
phenomena?
for the black hole.
18. Circle a black hole long enough,
and gravitational time dilation will
take you into the future.
But what would happen if you
flew right into the maw of this
cosmic titan?
Most scientists agree the black
hole would probably crush you,
but one unique variety of black
hole might not: the Kerr black
hole or Kerr ring.
19. In 1963, New Zealand mathematician Roy Kerr proposed the first
realistic theory for a rotating black hole.
The concept hinges on neutron stars, which are massive collapsed
stars the size of Manhattan but with the mass of Earth's sun.
Kerr postulated that if dying stars collapsed into a rotating ring of
neutron stars, their centrifugal force would prevent them from
turning into a singularity.
Since the black hole wouldn't have a singularity, Kerr believed it
would be safe to enter without fear of the infinite gravitational force
at its center.
20. If Kerr black holes exist, scientists speculate that we
might pass through them and exit through a white
hole.
Think of this as the exhaust end of a black hole.
Instead of pulling everything into its gravitational force, the
white hole would push everything out and away from it --
perhaps into another time or even another universe.
Kerr black holes are purely theoretical, but if they do
exist they offer the adventurous time traveler a one-
way trip into the past or future.
22. Theoretical Kerr black holes aren't the only
possible cosmic shortcut to the past or future.
As made popular by everything from "Star Trek:
Deep Space Nine" to "Donnie Darko," there's also
the equally theoretical Einstein-Rosen bridge to
consider.
But of course you know this better as a
wormhole .
23. Einstein's general theory of relativity allows for the
existence of wormholes since it states that any mass
curves space-time. To understand this curvature, think
about two people holding a bedsheet up and
stretching it tight. If one person were to place a
baseball on the bedsheet, the weight of the baseball
would roll to the middle of the sheet and cause the
sheet to curve at that point. Now, if a marble were
placed on the edge of the same bedsheet it would
travel toward the baseball because of the curve.
24. In this simplified example, space is depicted as a two-dimensional plane
rather than a four-dimensional one. Imagine that this sheet is folded over,
leaving a space between the top and bottom. Placing the baseball on the
top side will cause a curvature to form. If an equal mass were placed on the
bottom part of the sheet at a point that corresponds with the location of the
baseball on the top, the second mass would eventually meet with the
baseball. This is similar to how wormholes might develop.
In space, masses that place pressure on different parts of the universe
could combine eventually to create a kind of tunnel. This tunnel would, in
theory, join two separate times and allow passage between them. Of
course, it's also possible that some unforeseen physical or quantum
property prevents such a wormhole from occurring. And even if they do
exist, they may be incredibly unstable.
25. According to astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, wormholes may exist
in quantum foam, the smallest environment in the universe. Here,
tiny tunnels constantly blink in and out of existence, momentarily
linking separate places and time like an ever-changing game of
"Chutes and Ladders."
Wormholes such as these might prove too small and too brief for
human time travel, but might we one day learn to capture, stabilize
and enlarge them? Certainly, says Hawking, provided you're
prepared for some feedback. If we were to artificially prolong the life
of a tunnel through folded space-time, a radiation feedback loop
might occur, destroying the time tunnel in the same way audio
feedback can wreck a speaker.
27. We've blown through black holes
and wormholes, but there's yet
another possible means of time
traveling via theoretic cosmic
phenomena. For this scheme, we
turn to physicist J. Richard Gott,
who introduced the idea of
cosmic string back in 1991. As
the name suggests, these are
stringlike objects that some
scientists believe were formed in
the early universe.
28. These strings may weave throughout the entire
universe, thinner than an atom and under immense
pressure. Naturally, this means they'd pack quite a
gravitational pull on anything that passes near them,
enabling objects attached to a cosmic string to travel
at incredible speeds and benefit from time dilation. By
pulling two cosmic strings close together or stretching
one string close to a black hole, it might be possible to
warp space-time enough to create what's called a
closed timelike curve.
29. Using the gravity produced by the two cosmic strings (or the
string and black hole), a spaceship theoretically could propel
itself into the past. To do this, it would loop around the cosmic
strings.
Quantum strings are highly speculative, however. Gott
himself said that in order to travel back in time even one year,
it would take a loop of string that contained half the mass-
energy of an entire galaxy. In other words, you'd have to split
half the atoms in the galaxy to power your time machine. And,
as with any time machine, you couldn't go back farther than
the point at which the time machine was created.
30. …. Oh yes, and then
there are the time
paradoxes.
32. grandfather paradox
For starters, if you traveled back in time 200 years, you'd
emerge in a time before you were born. Think about that for a
second. In the flow of time, the effect (you) would exist before
the cause (your birth).
To better understand what we're dealing with here, consider
the famous grandfather paradox. You're a time-traveling
assassin, and your target just happens to be your own
grandfather. So you pop through the nearest wormhole and
walk up to a spry 18-year-old version of your father's father.
You raise your laser blaster, but just what happens when you
pull the trigger?
33. inconsistent causal loop
Think about it. You haven't been born yet. Neither
has your father. If you kill your own grandfather in
the past, he'll never have a son. That son will
never have you, and you'll never happen to take
that job as a time-traveling assassin. You wouldn't
exist to pull the trigger, thus negating the entire
string of events. We call this an inconsistent
causal loop.
34. consistent causal loop
On the other hand, we have to consider the idea of a
consistent causal loop. While equally thought-
provoking, this theoretical model of time travel is
paradox free. According to physicist Paul Davies, such
a loop might play out like this: A math professor
travels into the future and steals a groundbreaking
math theorem. The professor then gives the theorem
to a promising student. Then, that promising student
grows up to be the very person from whom the
professor stole the theorem to begin with.
35. post-selected model
Then there's the post-selected model of time
travel, which involves distorted probability close to any
paradoxical situation [source: Sanders]. What does
this mean? Well, put yourself in the shoes of the time-
traveling assassin again. This time travel model would
make your grandfather virtually death proof. You can
pull the trigger, but the laser will malfunction. Perhaps
a bird will poop at just the right moment, but some
quantum fluctuation will occur to prevent a paradoxical
situation from taking place.
36. Parallel universe
But then there's another possibility: The future or past
you travel into might just be a parallel universe.
Think of it as a separate sandbox: You can build or
destroy all the castles you want in it, but it doesn't
affect your home sandbox in the slightest. So if the
past you travel into exists in a separate timeline, killing
your grandfather in cold blood is no big whoop. Of
course, this might mean that every time jaunt would
land you in a new parallel universe and you might
never return to your original sandbox.
37. The Bootstrap Paradox
The bootstrap paradox is a paradox of time travel in which
information or objects can exist without having been created.
After information or an object is sent back in time, it is recovered in
the present and becomes the very object/information that was
initially brought back in time in the first place.
Alternate history is a popular concept of time travel and centers on
the premise of changing history, whether accidentally or
deliberately, while traveling back through it. One counter to this is
the claim that any change a time traveler makes to history is
precisely what was always supposed to happen
38. Weak Cosmic Censorship
Hypothesis
Stephen Hawking has spent his career working with black holes, and most of what we know
about them is based on his work. The surface of a black hole is the event horizon, and once any
object crosses this and enters the hole, it no longer exists in our spacetime continuum. It is drawn
by extreme gravity into an infinitely thin strand of energy called a singularity.
Hawking’s work theorizes that only the terrific energy of a black hole can create a singularity. The
weak cosmic censorship hypothesis asserts that there can be no singularity unhidden by a black
hole, and thus, no singularity can ever be observed. The singularity is a major talking point of
cosmology, because one theory of black holes paints them as gravitational pulls so strong that
they impart faster-than-light speed to any object entering them. The singularity is the engine of a
black hole’s gravity.
So if a spacecraft wanted to break the light barrier, it would need only to travel through a black
hole, and upon emergence from the other side would still be traveling at this speed – namely,
jump-starting a spacecraft past light speed so it can return to Earth at some point in the past.
But no object can survive a black hole’s singularity. Here, matter may actually be destroyed,
apparently violating the law of conservation of mass. Hence, until singularities are proven to exist
outside black holes, this method of traveling into the past is impossible.
39. The Chronology Protection
Conjecture
This one was dreamed up by Hawking himself, and there is a LOT of mathematics without
numbers involved in it. In a nutshell, the conjecture requires that there be no such thing as a
closed timelike curve. A CTC is the closed path of any object as it travels through 4-dimensional
spacetime; if the path brings the object back to its starting point, the path is said to be closed.
No mathematical theory can yet predict if CTCs exist. If their existence is demonstrated,
Hawking’s conjecture is demonstrably false, and travel into the past may be possible, probably
via the next entry. If CTCs do not exist, then the conjecture is true, and “historians throughout the
Universe are protected,” as Hawking says.
Our most immediate chance of discovering whether CTCs exist lies in quantum gravity, the
branch of mathematics devoted to combining all four forces of the Universe into a single blueprint
that can describe all physical laws on both the macroscopic and subatomic scales. The four
forces include: the weak force, which holds electrons in orbit around nuclei, initiates hydrogen
fusion in stars, and causes the radioactive decay of all subatomic particles; the strong force,
which holds protons and neutrons together as nuclei; electromagnetism; and gravity. The General
Theory of Relativity reconciles all but electromagnetism; quantum gravity, using a different
approach, reconciles all but gravity. Until quantum gravity is fully explored, CTCs can only be
hypothesized, and in their absence, traveling into the past cannot be done.
40. Wormholes Disobey the Laws of
Physics
All our understanding of time travel is based on what we know of the physical properties and interactions of the
Universe. We have devised a branch of mathematics currently separate from physics to describe the laws of
physics on a microscopic scale, and we call it quantum physics. This branch strongly theorizes the existence of
Einstein-Rosen Bridges, named after the two scientists most responsible for our understanding of them.
They are more popularly called wormholes, and they are holes that have ripped through the fabric of spacetime. If
we could make use of them, the shortest distance between two points would no longer be a straight line but zero,
caused by puncturing spacetime at the point of origin and at the point of destination, just like poking holes through
a sheet of paper; then spacetime is effectively folded until the two points overlap, and the traveler passes through
from A to B, and spacetime is unfolded to its original state. No physical movement occurs, but the destination may
be at the other end of the known Universe, and the spacecraft would have neither approached, nor surpassed the
speed of light, but simply teleported.
This seems to allow the possibility of travel into the past by avoiding the speed of light altogether, but what it does
not account for is what goes on inside a wormhole. Physics has no idea, except to say that the laws of physics do
not exist as we know them, or do not exist at all, inside wormholes. If we attempt to comprehend travel through
wormholes in our terms of physics, then we are not addressing the issue to begin with, and have not yet left
square one.
41. The Twin Paradox
This paradox deals more properly with travel into the future. It involves two
newborn, identical twins, one who stays on Earth, and one who travels to Proxima
Centauri, the nearest star, 4 light years away. If the spacecraft travels at 80% the
speed of light, which amusingly seems more realistic, the round trip will take 10
years. That means the twin on Earth will be 10 years old when his brother returns.
But on the spacecraft, the crew observes Promixa Centauri and Earth also moving
with relation to the craft, and this causes Points A and B to shorten to a distance of
2.4 light years, not 4. Each leg of the journey will take 2.4 light years divided by the
speed, 80% of the speed of light, for a duration of 3 years one way, 6 round trip.
Thus, the twin onboard will have aged 6 years in the same relative span of time. This
much is not logically impossible.
What is impossible is the effect of one twin traveling 101% or more of the speed of
light. This would, at least according to this scenario as we understand it, cause him
to travel into the past and cease to exist, i.e. disappear from onboard, and not return
to his brother on Earth.
42. E = MC Squared
The most famous equation in the history of mathematics describes the relationship of energy and
mass. In 1942, it was notoriously seized upon as a great idea for a powerful new weapon.
Einstein had no idea it could be used to build a bigger, better bomb, and wept when Enrico Fermi
and Robert Oppenheimer explained what was going on at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Aside from explaining how much energy is contained in matter of any size, it also provides an
exploration into what happens to mass when it travels faster. The faster something travels, the
more energy is required to sustain its travel. As an object approaches the speed of light, it
approaches infinite mass, and thus requires infinite energy to continue propelling it forward.
This does not prohibit traveling into the future, since all an object has to do is approach the light
barrier. You approach it when you walk into the kitchen to get a beer. The distance into the future
you have traveled is too insignificant to matter. But technically you gain an equally insignificant
amount of mass. The energy required to propel a large object, like a spacecraft, any meaningful
distance into the future, as that meaning relates to our frame of reference, would be greater than
or equal to the energy currently in VY Canis Majoris, the largest star we know of.
But to break the light barrier would cause the traveler to go into the past, and this would require
infinite, and then greater than infinite, energy. This is impossible to achieve.
43. Temporal Causality Loop
This is a paradox as well, and deals with one specific scenario: the
invention of the first time machine. The inventor travels back in time in an
effort to make his grandfather and grandmother fall in love, only to
accidentally kill his grandfather (see #2). Now, desperate to exist in the
future, he sleeps with his future grandmother and fathers his own father,
thus enabling himself, in the future, to travel back in time and father his
father again.
This paradox is illogical because it describes an effect in the future
occurring before its cause in the past. Suppose you were to travel back in
time to before the Big Bang, somehow cause the Big Bang and thus create
the Universe. In terms of fate, this would happen in order to enable you,
13.5 billion years later, to invent the time machine and travel back to create
the Universe so the time machine could be invented. It is fundamentally
insensible.
44. Temporal Paradox
This is essentially the negative version of #3, and is also called the Grandfather Paradox.
Traveling into the past must be logically impossible because it would enable you to go back in
time and kill yourself. But if you die, how will you travel into the past from the future to kill
yourself? Critics, especially science fiction fans, are quick to point out that our understanding of
mathematics expands every day thanks to people like Newton, Einstein, Hawking, and Michio
Kaku, and with it comes an expanded understanding of the logic involved in time travel
scenarios.
The best current counter to the temporal paradox is the Multiverse, which describes an infinite
number of yous doing an infinite number of things at an infinite number of points throughout your
life. You may be stabbed in a bar fight at 100 years old in another Universe, but die of cancer as a
child in this one. Imagine a Universe without Listverse. Our current understandings of quantum
mechanics and quantum physics lends strong credence to the possibility that the Multiverse is a
reality. It would negate the temporal paradox, and several others, allowing you a future after you
have killed yourself. But there is still no fully formed theory of the Multiverse’s existence, and until
there is, this paradox stands.
45. No Unified Field Theory
Frankly, all the previous entries are based more in terms of logic than in pure
mathematics, precisely we can only surmise everything related to time travel according to our
very superficial comprehension of it. Albert Einstein’s life work centered on what we now call
Relativity. He postulated two theories of it, but the next step, an infinitely more important one, is to
unify the General Theory of Relativity with electromagnetism. Einstein died working on this, and
today’s eggheads have taken only baby steps forward. The “highest” form of mathematics to date
is called “M Theory,” which is not even fully described yet. It’s practically a religion to
mathematicians, because so little is understood about it that some don’t believe in it.
It identifies 11 dimensions in the Universe, not just 4, and its champions expect that it can unite
the 5 differing string theories that preceded it, and take what may be the only step left beyond: a
unification of the physical properties and laws of all 4 forces of the Universe. M Theory seeks a
common ground between General Relativity and Quantum Gravity with the goal of combining all
4. To do so is to take a mathematical look at how the Universe appeared, and how it acted, when
it was still an infinitely small point packing all the matter and energy that exist in it today. To
comprehend such physics would enable a mathematical comprehension of how to manipulate
spacetime itself and pre-vert to a time in the future or revert to a time in the past. Until someone
unifies all 4 forces into a single physical quantity with a value for each point in spacetime, we
aren’t going any-when.
47. According to Albert Einstein,
To travel into the future
we must approach the speed of light.
To travel into the past
we must surpass the speed of light.
The current record holder for time-traveling is Sergei Krikalev.
He has traveled about 337 million miles in orbit at some 17,450 mph
– reaching a grand total of 0.02 seconds into the future.
This means that from now on, he takes a step two hundredths of a
second before you see him take it.