RASA, 8-9 ноября 2014.

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2. RASA-USA Annual Meeting, Cambridge, MA, November 9, 2014
#$%&'()*+, *-*(./': "
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(1 (12'+1/3 )( 4'/.&*&*/3 !
Yury Gogotsi!
Director, A.J. Drexel Nanomaterials Institute!
Distinguished University Professor and Trustee Chair"
!
Department of Materials Science & Engineering!
Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA!

3. Drexel University:
A Vibrant Urban University
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Bossone building
(home to College of
Engineering labs)

4. Current Research Activities - Gogotsi Group
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5. f"
Outline!
^%*)"g-./C"-F"(+.5-6"
O+6-H+@&.%+/0"
h.-H"E1.&"(+.5-6"@-"
(+.5%C&0"
(+0&"J@1C8Q"
J1G&.*+G+*%@-."K/&*@.-C&0"

6. Carbon Nanomaterials!
!
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7. Carbon Nanotube/Nanofiber Family
12 nm
100 nm
f
a c d e
25 nm
Ni
46 nm 65 nm
3 nm
g h i k
Ni
90 nm 195 nm 300 nm 500 nm
760 nm
210 nm
150 nm
j
b
L"F&V".&G.&0&6@+B'&0"-F"+"/+.,&"F+H%/8"-F"*+.5-6"6+6-@15&02"V)%*)"F-.H"0@.1*@1.&0".+6,%6,"
F.-H"i#"6H"@-")16C.&C0"-F"6+6-H&@&.0"%G+G&.2"-."+/%,6&C"+..+80"-6"*-6C1*B6,"9L/2"3%2"0@&&/2"&@*:<"0150@.+@&0:"
>:"?-,-@0%?%:'($*#'81+/$1$'*"7+>%%,<'-,%12"K2"#TW"9W__Y<"""
]+.,&"'-/1H&"
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8. Graphene: Mother of All Graphitic Materials!
!
2D Graphene
0D Buckyballs 1D Nanotubes 3D Graphite
L:"$:"?&%H2"$:"J:"O-'-0&/-'2"&'()*$+:'($*#'81L$M2"#SY"9W__j<""
>:"?-,-@0%2"$23+=791#"'8+67$5#1(*9+?$@"2"N2"Wf_T"9W_##<"

9. Carbon Nanomaterials Timetable!
1985 – Kroto and
Smalley: fullerenes
from pulsed laser
e v a p o r a t i o n o f
graphite
1991 – Iijima: multi-wall
nanotubes on electrodes
during arc discharge
1993 – Iijima: synthesis
of single-wall carbon
nanotubes from soot of
arc discharge with iron
2004 – Geim and Novoselov:
show a unique electronic
structure of a graphene sheet
>:"?-,-@0%2"(+.5-6"O+6-H+@&.%+/02"(^("E.&002"W__X"

10. W__"6H"
Carbon Rings
"
g:"g+6,2"&@"+/2"6'*A,%2"OP2"#jXT"9W_#W< """
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6+6-@15&".%6,0"

11. Carbon Nanohorns, Nanocones and Cones!
J:";%k%H+"&@"+/:2"67$53+=7913+?$@"L"QPRL$#Xf"9#TTT< """
>:"?-,-@0%2"&@"+/2"6'*A,%2"e_2"WWXY"9W__W<""
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12. sp3 Carbon Structure Evolution
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13. Detonation Synthesis of Nanodiamond
40
30
!F.%4;% .%4;% 73&G%
Pressure, GPa Temperature, K
20
10
0
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2000 3000 4000 5000
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O2N NO2
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14. What is Nanodiamond?!
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J:"=00V+/C2"&@"+/F%23+45$*#"'%+67$5#"'8+!,"#$(9L$#WS2"##XYf"9W__X<$

15. q:"O:"I-*)+/%62"&@"+/2"&'()*$+&'%,L$K2"##"9W_#W<" ""
A:"E&*)2"&@"+/2"&'()*$%&'%,D+O2"Xf#"9W_#_<""
"
5 nm
ND soot purified ND
Detonation Nanodiamonds!
!

16. W9$*(<K'&%K'(764%
4'469'(TK&*+X%
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V3&&*(*4*+%
JG&*%r*"01.F+*&"+.&+" SPP$U$MPP$5V?G$
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(:"E-.@&@2"&@"+/?+6'*A,%2"SOL"Wf##"9W__j<"
M:"I*A-6-1,)2"&@"+/2"6'*A,%D+f_2$QNRX$9W_#W<" R. Lin, et al, J. Physical Chemistry Lett., 2, 2396 (2011)"
Onion-Like Carbon!
!

17. Structure of Porous Carbons!
!
e"6H"
h+0@"s1&6*)%6,"t"X__u(" I&C%1H".+@&"t"S__u(" J/-V"s1&6*)%6,"t"#W__u("
•! Quenched Molecular Dynamics (QMD) snapshots of the model structures of Ti-CDC.
Surface termination has not been taken into account.
•! Hybrid Reverse Monte Carlo and QMD modeling performed using neutron scattering
data (RDF) and verified by HRTEM:"
"" M:"(:"E+/H&.2"&@"+/2"6'*A,%2"SXL"###X"9W_#_<""

18. Case Study: "
Supercapacitor Electrodes!
#S"

19. I&*)+6%0H0"-F"()+.,&"J@-.+,&"
J1G&.*+G+*%@-.0"91/@.+*+G+*%@-.02"C-15/&!/+8&."*+G+*%@-.02"&/&*@.-*)&H%*+/"*+G+*%@-.0<"C%v&."
%6"@)&%."&/&*@.%*+/"+6C"&/&*@.-*)&H%*+/"*)+.+*@&.%0B*0"F.-H"5+P&.%&0:"
E:"J%H-62">:"?-,-@0%2":"A1662"!"#$%"$2"QSQL$#W#_"9W_#e<"

20. Electrochemical Storage of Energy!
Affordable and efficient electrical energy storage is needed to enable widespread
use of renewable energy sources and provide energy security for our future
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21. Applications of Supercapacitors!
!
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E:"+//"9&C:">:"?-,-@0%<2":/!+E)88$-%2"O-':"W_#W"

22. The Electrochemical Flow Capacitor
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23. g%66&."-F"@)&";6@&.6+B-6+/"J*%&6*&"["K6,%6&&.%6,"q%01+/%l+B-6"()+//&6,&"
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$:"M-0@2"&@"+/:2"!"#$%"$2"QSQ2"X_W"9W_#e<""

24. Electrolytes for Supercapacitors!
!
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
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,.&+@&."&6&.,8"C&60%@8"
Energy density (W-h kg-1)
Voltage (V)
Aqueous
electrolytes
Organic
electrolytes
Ionic
liquids
]3*+T64>""`-V"@-"H+@*)"+"
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25. Ion desolvation in subnanometer pores!
x"
x" x"
x"
(+G+*%@+6*&"%6*.&+0&0"+0"G-.&"0%l&"C&*.&+0&0"5&/-V"#"6H"9@)%0"'+/1&"C&G&6C0"-6"
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26. E-0%B'&"K/&*@.-C&"9hR,<"
L*&&%L'9'K<#'4K*%c2X)d%
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3hJ;!"
KI;x"
Matching the Pore Size to the Ion Size!
!56#*%#*+T4)%'#%S,eLa%

27. Ion Adsorption in Carbon Pores!
•! I-/&*1/+."C86+H%*0"9IA<"0%H1/+B-6"-F"C%v10%-6"-F"%-60"F.-H"%-6%*"/%s1%C"%6@-"
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(:"I&./&@2"&@"+/:2"&'()*$+:'($*#'812"TT2"Y_X"9W_#W<"

28. Design of Interdigital Micro-supercapacitors "
with OLC, CDC and CNT Electrodes !
!
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29. The Future
$:"M-0@"

30. From pure carbon to carbides!
Y_"

31. Graphene is important, but there are many other
exciting and useful carbon (and not only carbon)
nanomaterials !
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32. 2D World Beyond Graphene
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q:"O%*-/-0%2"&2$)/:2"!"#$%"$"Ye_2"#eW_"9W_#Y<"

33. MXene – A New Family of 2D Materials!
Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides,
Oxycarbides and Carbonitrides – 13 synthesized
predicted"
U.g%
U/g.%
URg/%
(9 published), dozens more predicted
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39. !"YT"!"
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