The James Webb Space Telescope is NASA's next flagship mission. Webb will revolutionize astronomy in the infrared like the Hubble Space Telescope has done for the visible portion of the spectrum over the last 22 years. Webb will reveal the story of the formation of the first starts and galaxies, investigate the processes of planet formation, and trace the origins of life.
1. The James Webb Space
Telescope
Jason Kalirai1, Alberto Conti1 & Blake Bullock2
1
Space Telescope Science Institute, 2 Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems
2. The JWST Full Scale Model
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Washington Seattl
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3. JWST Science Themes
1.) The End of the Dark Ages
2.) The Assembly and Evolution of Galaxies
3.) The Birth of Stars and Planets
4.) The Origins of Life
Fundamental Q’s for Humankind
1.) How did the Universe form?
2.) Is our Solar System unique?
3.) Are we alone?
4. The James Webb Space Telescope
James Webb (1906 – 1992)
- Second Administrator of NASA (1961 – 1968)
- Oversaw first manned spaceflight program (Mercury)
- Oversaw second manned spaceflight program (Gemini)
- Oversaw Mariner and Pioneer planetary exploration programs
- Oversaw Apollo program
5. The James Webb Space Telescope
Not your Average Looking Telescope!
6. The James Webb Space Telescope
The Next Big Telescope after Hubble: JWST
HST
- Size of a school bus
- Distance = 350 miles
- Orbital time (earth) = 97 minutes
- Weight = 24,500 lbs
- Length = 43.5 feet
www.jwst.nasa.gov
JWST
- Size of a tennis court
- Distance = 930,000 miles
- Orbital time (Sun) = 1 year
- Weight = 14,000 lbs
- Length = 72 feet
- Operating temperature = 40 K
7. Light gathering power
The James Webb Space Telescope
(Mirror Area)
JWST
HST
Spitzer
0.1 microns 1 microns 10 microns 100 microns
Wavelength
8.
9. The James Webb Space Telescope
Not your Average Looking Telescope!
10. JWST Instruments: Imaging, Spectroscopy, & Coronography
The Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam)
- Visible and near infrared camera (0.6 – 5 micron)
- 2.2’ x 4.4’ field of view, diffraction limited
- Coronographs
NIRCam
The Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec)
- Multi-object spectrograph (1 – 5 micron)
- 3.4’ x 3.4’ FOV, 0.1” pixels
- R = 1000 and 2700 gratings; R = 100 prism
- 3” x 3” IFU
NIRSpec
11. JWST Instruments: Imaging, Spectroscopy, & Coronography
The Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI)
- Mid-infrared camera and spectrograph (5 – 28 microns)
- 1.9’ x 1.4’ imaging FOV, 0.11” pixels
- R = 100 slit spectrograph (5 – 10 micron) and IFU (R = 3000)
- Coronographs
MIRI
The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS)
- Infrared imager and slitless spectrograph
- 2.2’ x 2.2’ FOV
The Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS)
- 2.4’ x 2.4’ imager for target acquisition
- Rapid readout of subarray for ACS control
- 95% probability of finding a guide star anywhere in sky
NIRISS and FGS
12. The James Webb Space Telescope
Telescopes can see Different Types of Light
- Hubble primarily sees “visible” light, similar to our eyes
- JWST will see “Infrared” light, light that our eyes can not see
- Infrared observations can unveil hidden objects behind gas and dust
13. The James Webb Space Telescope
JWST Launch
- Launch vehicle is an Ariane 5 rocket, supplied by ESA
- Site will be Arianespace’s ELA-3 launch complex near Kourou, French Guiana
Arianespace – ESA - NASA
16. JWST: Finding Life-Bearing Planets
Determining Robust Physical Parameters
Doppler Method Transit Method
Determine Planet Mass Determine Planet
Diameter
Calculate Planet Density and Infer Composition:
Gas giant (Jupiter), Ice giant (Neptune), or Rocky planet (Earth)
17. JWST: Finding Life-Bearing Planets
Transits Allow Studies of Atmospheres
Secondary Eclipse
See thermal radiation and
reflected light from planet
disappear and
reappear
See radiation from star
transmitted through the
planet’s atmosphere Transit
Detection of:
-Atoms & Molecules
-Stratospheres
-Clouds
-Winds
18. JWST: Finding Life-Bearing Planets
What Would the Earth’s Spectrum Look Like?
- Every planet has a unique fingerprint, produced by its atmosphere.
- The Earth shows nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.
JWST WILL PENETRATE THE ATMOSPHERES OF EXOPLANETS The F
inger
prints
of Pla
nets
O2 ,O3
H2O
CO2
CH4
19. JWST: Finding Life-Bearing Planets
A “Wish List” for Exoplanet Spectroscopy Platform
…Dr. David Charbonneau’s (CfA/Harvard)
1.) Orbit that assures thermal stability and low background
2.) Orbit that assures long dwell times
3.) A stable PSF and excellent pointing
4.) Infrared sensitivity (planetary temperatures; molecules)
5.) Aperture sufficient to permit med resolution spectroscopy
These are obtained with a large aperture, cryogenic telescope placed at
L2, with a detailed error budget and careful instrument characterization
prior to launch
“JWST is an excellent platform for Exoplanet Spectroscopy”
20. JWST: Finding Life-Bearing Planets
A Simulated JWST/NIRSpec Observation
- Hydrogen-Rich Super Earth (1.4 REARTH, 5 MEARTH)
NIRSpec – 20 transits
(Binned to R ~ 300)
M. Clampin – Model by E. Kempton
21. JWST and First Galaxies
JWST will Study the First Galaxies
Why measure galaxies in the Universe’s first billion years?
•Seeds of today’s galaxies started growing.
•Dark matter halos of massive galaxies first formed.
•Significant metals first formed.
•When the Universe was reionized.
23. Scientific Discovery Potential
The Extragalactic Source of Gamma Dark Energy and the
Distance Scale and Ray Bursts Universe’s Expansion Science Goals
Hubble Constant Science Discoveries
Origin and evolution
Supermassive of Solar System
Black Holes
The Age of
Gravitational Lensing The Universe
and Dark Matter
???
Imaging and Intensities of
Spectroscopy Supernovae
T
of Exoplanets H S ST
JW
??? Find Water on
Other Planets
Gas in Galaxies and Quasar
Absorption Lines
Ages of Stellar Pops Unveil Newborn
Beyond Milky Way Solar Systems
???
???
??? Find the First Stars Map the Evolution
and Galaxies of Galaxies
25. The James Webb Space Telescope
Visit JWST at:
- The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI): http://www.stsci.edu/jwst/
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC): http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/
- European Space Agency (ESA): http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=29
- Canadian Space Agency (CSA): http://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/jwst/default.asp
- Northrop Grumman: http://www.as.northropgrumman.com/products/jwst/index.html
- JWST Observer Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pages/JWST-Observer/103134319723237
- flickr: http://www.flickr.com/photos/nasawebbtelescope/
- JWST Public Website: http://webbtelescope.org/webb_telescope/
- JWST Public Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/webbtelescope
- Twitter: @NASAWebbTelescp
- YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/user/NASAWebbTelescope
- JWST Webb-cam: http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/webcam.html
- Newsletter at STScI: https://blogs.stsci.edu/newsletter/
- Newsletter at GSFC: http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/newsletters.html
Editor's Notes
A comparison for just optical and near-IR great observatories. - Stress that key element of a telescope is the light gathering power, which scales with the area of the primary mirror, not the diameter.
This is nice since it highlights the complexity of the mirrors, and can be followed up with the nice gold coated images in your talk.
- 5 layers - 185 degrees F on the hot side -388 degrees F on the cold side - thermally stable environment
1.) Picture on the left is the NIRCam engineering test unit. The instrument has two identical modules. 2.) Picture on the right is a single exposure 2.2 ’ x 4.4’ exposure. The two wavelengths are observed simultaneously via dichroics
1.) Picture on the left is the NIRCam engineering test unit. The instrument has two identical modules. 2.) Picture on the right is a single exposure 2.2 ’ x 4.4’ exposure. The two wavelengths are observed simultaneously via dichroics
Maggie Masetti, Goddard - Picture on bottom is their fridge.
- JWST looks like it will only provide a small increment in time - but HST is only scratching the surface at z>6 in reionization epoch - crucial astrophysics and large numbers and depths from JWST - and extend into "first galaxy" regime at z>10 (earlier than about 500 Myr)
A comparison for just optical and near-IR great observatories. - Stress that key element of a telescope is the light gathering power, which scales with the area of the primary mirror, not the diameter.
Could add to technology slides: This is nice since it highlights the complexity of the mirrors, and can be followed up with the nice gold coated images in your talk.
This slide will be the first announcement of this meeting ’s new location and dates to the community. Meeting will bring together top scientists to inspire thought and discussion on high-reward JWST science.