Ancient China's Influence

Mandate Of Heaven Theory
Ancient China's rich history directly influenced China of the 21st century. The cultivation of rice
became a staple source of food in China for centuries. The primary source of accounts of ancient
china come from the Shujing, which spanned the Xia, Shang, and Zhou empires. The role of
women's reached its heights during the Shang empire, with Fu Hao, and underwent a downward
trajectory from the Zhou empire and the beginnings of confucius. The regime changes are unique in
China due to the "Mandate of Heaven" which gave new regimes the control over the civilians of the
conquered empires, such as the Zhou when it conquered the Shang empire. The decline of the Zhou
came about from the various rulers who began seek their local interests. Ultimately, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Zhou were able to utilize the mandate of heaven to allow them to justify their conquering of the
Shang, which enabled the defeated Shang commoners to live within the Zhou empire (Sivers,
Desnoyers and Stow 105). The growth of the Zhou was facilitated by the consolidation of power
within the Shang during their decline, which enacted the Zhou state to conduct a military campaign
against the Shang (Sivers, Desnoyers and Stow 105). The decline of the Zhou empire commenced
once the various Zhou states began promoting their own interests at the expense of the empire
(Sivers, Desnoyers, and Stow 106). As a result of the power held by local rulers under feudalism the
Zhou central government began to quickly lose power (Sivers, Desnoyers, and Stow 107). The
Zhou's decision to relocate their capital isolated itself from various states undergoing economic
success (Sivers, Desnoyers, and Stow 107). Furthermore, states began deferring power to larger
states in what came to be known as hegemony (Sivers, Desnoyers, and Stow 107). Ultimately, the
leading state's fight for influence along with a civil war in Jin led to the Warring states period and
dissolved what remained of the Zhou empire (Sivers, Desnoyers, and Stow
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Olmec Culture
Summary Misra (2017) suggests that the Olmec culture of Mesoamerica heavily practiced yoga
from Hindu–Buddhist culture, and were originally migrants from China – specifically, from the
Shang and Xia dynasties. Evidence is drawn from Misra's interpretations of various Olmec artwork
(including statues and figurines) as depictions of yogic asanas, and as influenced by Hindu–
Buddhist religion as well as Chinese–style sculptures. These theories are based on the sudden
appearance of the Olmec culture in Mesoamerica, therefore the Olmecs were migrants from China
who were influenced by Hindu practices.
Problem #1
One of the article author's most daring claims is the connection he draws between Olmec culture to
Vedic or Buddhist cultures. The argument ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Misra (2017) perpetuates his nationalistic views and provides little literary evidence to support the
parallels between Olmec statues and Hindu–Buddhist culture. Firstly, yoga had spread throughout
Asia during the decline of the Olmec civilization. Moreover, Buddhism arrived in China long after
the collapse of the Olmecs. Secondly, Misra's association with an earlier dynasty which likely never
existed brings further doubt to his claims. The closest representation of the supposed Xia dynasty,
the Erlitou, lived in central Asia without access to the sea and were capable of forging bronze, unlike
the Olmec. Lastly, archaeologists have found significant evidence of pre–Olmec artifacts indicating
a long history of development in the region rather than a sudden appearance that migration would
have caused, had it occurred. Altogether, Misra's claim of Olmec yogis who migrated from China is
highly unlikely. Needless to say, it is more likely that the development of the first great
Mesoamerican civilization was purely Mesoamerican, and without influence from Asian

China 's Influence On The China Of The 21st Century
Ancient China's rich history has a direct influence on the China of the 21st century. First, the
immense importance of the cultivation of rice, which became a staple source of food in China for
centuries. Next, the primary source of accounts of ancient china comes from the Shujing, which
spanned the Xia, Shang, and Zhou empires. Furthermore, The power women could hold reached its
heights during the Shang empire, and underwent a downward trajectory during the Zhou empire.
Moreover, regime changes have had a unique outcomes in China due to the "Mandate of Heaven"
which gave new regimes the control over the civilians of the conquered empires. Lastly, the decline
of the Zhou came about from the power of local rulers who began to seek their own interests.
Ultimately, the mandate of heaven bears responsibility for keeping China intact for centuries
regardless of conflicts and shifts in power. China's shift from foraging to an agrarian society was
facilitated by the cultivation of rice, whilst the advancements of war mechanisms such as the chariot
came as a result of the introduction of the horse. Rice cultivation in China played a vital role in the
expansion of the Chinese empire. Sivers, Desnoyer, and Stow, infer that Southeast Asia's rice
cultivation allowed for Chinese food production to keep pace with the expanding Chinese
population until the nineteenth century. Next, the introduction of horse was quickly utilized on
chariots as they were introduced from Eurasia,

Shang Dynasty Research Paper
D Y N A S T Y
"Individual commitment to a group effort – that is what makes a team work, a company work, a
society work, a civilization work."– Vince Lombardi. The Shang Dynasty was one of the most
powerful and ancient Dynasties that have ever existed. This dominant civilization started in the year
1600 B.C.E after conquering the Xia Dynasty, then fell in the year 1046. B.C.E. This Dynasty
deserves to be classified as civilized because of their vast variety of cities, organized government,
impactful literature, organized religion, wide variety of specialized jobs along with astounding
technology.
A man by the name of Cheng Tang overthrew Jie, the king of the Xia Dynasty and soon started the
legendary Shang Dynasty. This monarchy ruled for over 600 years. Chen Teng and many other kings
tended to move the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike many societies at the time of the Dynasties, the Shang believed in forecasting the future and
praying for many of their divine gods for a sense of direction in their daily life. "After the
prognostication had been made...the topics divined, were sacrifices, campaigns, hunt...and prayers to
various spirits." (History of Chinese Religion, rlft.co/8) The outstanding Shang Dynasty created the
first Chinese written language using characters while using bamboo to etch the characters onto
bronze plates. "The oldest documents of the Chinese script date from the reign of King Wu Ding
(Wuding) 武丁 (around 1150 BC) and are actually archival materials incised on oracle bones stored
in the royal archives." (Ulrich Theobald, Shang period Literature) Although there isn't much
literature that was recorded due to its early stages in written language, most of which we do know
comes back from the first stages of a known language, oracle bones. Oracle bones are an ancient
technology that was used to foresee the future and gain knowledge using "supernatural

Xia Dynasty History
The largest populated country in the world lies in China, which currently contains over 1 billion
people. China is popularly known for its martial arts, famous landmarks (ex: Great Wall, Terracotta
Warriors, Mount Everest etc.) and for its furry black and white creatures; the great Panda Bear.
However, many people who haven't experienced this culture may not know much of its history and
its ways.
History of the Xia Dynasty: China's long history dates back to almost 5000 years ago and have a
written past of 3000 years. In the 21st century China's first dynasty the "Xia Dynasty" was the first
clan to set up a government and rule over China. The beginning of the Xia Dynasty started from the
legendary "Yu the Great" who was known for controlling violent floods. During this time China
struggled with floods overflowing their crops and lands, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our family allows generations to live on and new ones to be created. In China many Chinese believe
in the ways of "Confucianism" who believed that maintaining a healthy lifestyle starts at home.
Confucius a Chinese philosopher and teacher created the 5 relationships: ruler to subject, father to
son, older brother to younger brother, husband to wife, and senior friend to junior friend. This
concept was to show respect in how you act or acted upon to others.
1 Child Policy: During the Han Dynasty when Han was in power, farming was essential to China.
So Han encouraged families to have more children. However, this lead to overpopulation and China
was becoming too populated. In the 1970s a policy was released called the one child policy which
limits 1 child per family. If this law was disobeyed the government would suggest abortion or large
fees to be paid, a pretty scary law for some families. This program was to hopefully lower and
maintain the population rate in China. Now in 2016, families can have more

Shihuangdis Tomb Analysis
A history of China that develops a unified social structure that is to be admired by the greatest of all
civilization will be overviewed to give an introduction into the Qin dynasty. The Qin dynasty was
ruled by Emperor Qin and means china in English. Qin brought a new way of life and it can be
shown through Qin's tomb in what today is considered a great work of art. An analysis of Qin
Shihuangdis' tomb reveals a challenging process that made intricate production systems, which
could not have been possible without the unification of China.
Among the most culturally rich civilization's in the south and East Asia China became culturally rich
because of it's environment. The reason why china is among one of the richest cultures in the world
is because of 1/5 of the world's population lives there and china like many ancient civilizations
thrived ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This dynasty under Emperor Shihuangdi was able to unite China for the first time under a single
ruler by using military campaigns, which was a thought that the great thinkers wandered about under
the Zhou dynasty of the golden age."Confucius thought about how a just and harmonious society
could again emerge"(stokstad, p. 77). The Dynasty through its ability to conquer and reclaim lands
that brought China's society together as a whole was able to develop a language system of writing,
beauracracy, and an intricate hierarchy based off of competence guided by codes of law, rather than
family inheritance. He created more than 4,000 miles of roads, which enabled a connection to
Europe known as the silk roads. He built canals and irrigation systems to improve agricultural
production. This new way of life that was provided to china's social structure during this dynasty
proves the power and immortal status that Emperor Shihuangdi created. This drove the emperor to
build a tomb dedicated to his afterlife so that he would always be remembered and

Jingyan Alternate Ending
Jingyan was going to die. The wicked, suffocating presence churning around him felt like a cyclone
made of microscopic blades and the buzzing noise in his head grew alarmingly louder. He banged
his fists against the slimy stone walls until his skin began to scrape off, each strike more urgent than
the last. "Jingyan." The voice, detached and ghostly, reverberated until it became an echo that
petrified him on a whole new level. Jingyan tried to lift his arms, but his body wouldn't move now.
The walls, pulsing in cadence to his heartbeat, began to close in. A heavy and slick weight settled on
his chest and things slithered through his hair repetitively. A distance voice murmured words that
Jingyan couldn't make sense of. Just when he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The Liang war prisoners," said Jingyan. The prisoners Xia Jiang showed him during his week in
Hua, decayed wraiths of men who used to be soldiers and warriors. A few dozen emancipated ex–
soldiers couldn't be enough to cause this level of chaos within the palace, Jingyan thought. His eyes
narrowed at Mei Changsu, "Along with your men." The set up wasn't fair. With superior martial art
skills, most, if not all of Mei Changsu's men could retreat into safety before capture. As if he'd read
Jingyan's mind, Mei Changsu said, "Your soldiers will die fighting against Hua one last time, in
exchange for their prince's safety and North Qi's successful invasion." "You plan to take me away,"
said Jingyan. If Mei Changsu'd planned to kill him, he would've been dead before he reached for his
sword. Mei Changsu had ordered all the servants to be slaughtered so no one could witness his
escape. "Where?" From underneath his cloak, Mei Changsu pulled out a simple outfit, similar to
those worn by peasants on the city street. The neckline of a tunic was visible over what Jingyan
presumed to be a pair of pants, tied together with a simple cloth belt. Mei Changsu nodded at
Jingyan's robes,

The Big Picture Of Human Evolution
The beginning of human history, is no longer a gray area on the behalf of historians, scientist and
perhaps geologist. Many specialized in their respectful field. Move toward together to get a world
view of human life. History is a word that is always driven out, to look back at a period of time and
one might compare the pervious time to the present. It's vital for us mortal to understand where
came from and where we are going. Since history often does repeats itself, it may be good, to look
backwards to get a sense what actually happened, in the past. This writing will be discussing about
societies that have changed, and how, human evolution helped. I will point out what I think are the
most significant part of human evolution and doing that, that I write in a coherent order from the
beginning of time.
The big picture of human evolution, humans are constantly evolving since they first appeared in
eastern Africa about four to one million years ago. They weren't as sophisticated as humans that are
today, but they managed to make around in places, with all they had. They started to walk upright
with two legs and developed hands, to perform basic work by using tools like stone, they were
called the Australopithecus, then about 2.5 million years ago humans had evolved, they were called,
Homo Erectus. This group began to use sophisticated tools, because of their improved large brain.
Moreover, they began to use language to make contact with find hunt for food. And which they

What Are The Similarities Between China And Shang Dynasties
Stephenie Osewe
18 September 2014
There were different Dynasties in china. They had some similarities and differences. Some of the
similarities between the Xia and the Shang Dynasties was the yellow river. Bentley et al. tells us that
"The dynasty ruler of the Xia Dynasties exercised power throughout the middle yellow river valley
by controlling the leader of individual villages" (53). Once they got this power, they controlled it
like a monarchy. They only had one leader who controlled along the yellow river. They were the
first to have one leader control an area and so they set an example for the monarchical rule in china.
Like the Xia, the Shang Dynasties got control over the yellow river, they become the next monarchy.
But with these similarities between the two dynasties they had one particular difference, the Shan
Dynasties had more of what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They had Bronze. Bentley et al. tell us that "control over bronze production strengthened Shang
forces against those of the Xia" (54). The Xia had bronze but they didn't have a lot like the Shang's,
the Shang's also had horses and horse chariots, they had ways of moving around. Having bronze
gave them the power to "extend their influence throughout much of the Yellow River valley"
(Bentley et al. 54). They used their horses and horse chariots for agriculture and this gave them
power over the villages, because the villagers needed new ways to farm, and they soon become the
leaders. With these similarities they had some differences, the main difference was written records,
we did not know a lot about the Xia's because they did not leave enough written records. The shags
on the

What Is The Mood Of The Book Of Song
Thomas Shneker Mrs. Sage World Civilizations 17 October 2017 The Book of Songs About the
Author The Book of Songs was written by an unknown author, but it is hypothesized that it was
written by Confucian scholars, and during the time of the Zhou Dynasty. Confucian scholars were
able to track and write down the main ideas produced by the important people in the society.
Confucian scholars are high up in the Confucian society as they recorded and wrote these songs and
texts produced by the people in the society. They wrote this piece to illustrate the important aspects
of the early Chinese civilizations, and the significance and usage of these songs in their society. The
Book of Songs is perceived as an important piece of text that help ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the beginning, the boat this girl is in is being is tossed on the sea, and comparing this to her
restless feelings of being forced to be with this man that she does not want to be with. In the next
stanza, she described the she found that her brothers "were angry with [her]" (Book of Songs). This
girl clearly feels that her brothers are not at her defense as she does not believe that she should be
forced to marry a man of her choice. It also shows that she may potentially be doing something that
is going against their family beliefs, as her entire family is angry at her. There is a clear sad mood in
this first song because she expresses that she would rather be with someone much more desirable,
and that she is not fond of this chosen person. The second song, called I Beg You, Zhong Zi, is about
a girl who loves but her family does not appreciate her choice. In the first stanza, she clearly express
that she loves this man, but she tells him not "break the windows [they] planted" or else her family
will be angry. This means that her family is more important than her lover, as she prevents her lover
from entering because she does not want to anger her family. The third song, called Splendid, shows
a relationship between a man and a woman. The women in this song describes how splendid, strong
and magnificent this man she met was. She clearly shows true fondness towards this man she meet
"between the hills of Nao" (Book of Songs). The fourth song, called High

Shang Dynasty
Before Christ was born there was a lot of important historical event all around the world. However,
China had some of the most impacting historical events during these years. China is one of the four
ancient civilization still up today, therefore, China is one of the strongest and smartest country
during BCE. Throughout, the time period China developed both mentally and physically. China had
three important dynasty that impacted the way they developed and survived. The Shang, Zhou, Xia
Dynasty. According to the passage "A BRIEF HISTORY OF ANCIENT CHINA." by Tim Lambert,
'The Xia dynasty occurred in 2000 BCE. Later the Shang dynasty occurred during 1766–1122 BCE.
Lastly, the Zhou dynasty occurred 1122–256 BCE.'(Lambert, 1) All three Dynasty

Mandate Of Heaven Analysis
Throughout pre–unification China, the Mandate of Heaven was used as a justification in the
acquisition and eradication of dynasties. The Mandate of Heaven, the idea that a ruler reigned only
with the blessing of the heavens, was seen as a way to legitimize a dynasty and its ruler. Although it
may seem as if a heavenly mandate gives a ruler absolute power, this is actually not the case.
Instead, Mencius, a philosopher who emphasizes benevolent governance, asserts that a ruler can
both acquire and lose the heavenly mandate based on his behavior and the treatment of his subjects.
If a ruler is not equitable, in other words, the Mandate of Heaven can be withdrawn and bestowed
upon a more qualified ruler. Thus, although the mandate sounds ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Essentially, the heavens bestow the mandate upon the ruler, but the people are a factor in whether
the mandate stays with the ruler or not. Hence, Mencius emphasizes the importance of just rule in
order to please the people and keep the Mandate of Heaven.
Mencius once again underscores the people's role in the heavenly mandate and declares their right to
either abide by or revolt against a ruler. Mencius claims that "rulers only possessed the Heavenly
Mandate to rule so long as they retained the hearts of the people . . . For Mencius, the human heart
was 'endowed with the ability to judge between right and wrong' and constituted 'a bridge linking
man with Heaven'" (Glanville 331). Mencius's belief in the ability of the heart to determine right or
wrong gives the common people authority and power to identify whether a ruler is worthy of the
mandate and the favor of the heavens. Consequently, it is imperative that the ruler retains the
people's support as negative sentiments can lead to dissent and organized revolt amongst the people.
This emphasis on the intimate and powerful link between the people and the heavens is translated in
Mencius's concept of the "ultimate supremacy of the people." Mencius declares that "The people are
of supreme importance; the altars to the gods of earth and grain come next; last comes the ruler"
(Glanville 332). Mencius prioritizes the

Shang Dynasty Research Paper
The Shang Dynasty was the second dynasty of China, which was founded by Cheng Tang. It
succeeded the Xia Dynasty. It's the first period of Ancient China that it's existence has been proved
by archaeology, such as oracle bones which is the oldest documentation of writing. They produced
the calendar and were the first to invent writing.
The Shang king had power over everyone in the land. He had a council of officials that formulated
and ran the government. Their last king, Di Xin, committed suicide when his army was defeated by
the Zhou. His army had betrayed him by joining the Zhou in the Battle of Muye.
Shang workers mastered the use of bronze. They were constantly at war so they figured out how to
produce weapons out of natural resources. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People divide the history into two different periods, the Western Zhou and the Eastern Zhou. The
Zhou introduced many cultural changes with the arts, new tools, irrigation systems and a better way
of communication.
The king was the head of the government, he was in charge of keeping the kingdom safe and
carrying out religious rituals. The kingdoms were divided into territories, each territory had a prince
that was related to the Zhou family. Rulers believed in the heavenly law called the Mandate of
Heaven, which was based on rules. This law granted the Zhou king power to rule. There was a
period of time called the Warring States Period which the seven remaining states wanted to fight
until there was one remaining. Qin Shi Huang, leader of the Qin State, subdued the remaining six
states and became leader of a unified China. The economy was based on agriculture in the Zhou
Dynasty. Silk was the most important trade item in this dynasty. The first hydraulic engineer, Sunshu
Ao, dammed a river to construct an irrigation reservoir. The increase in irrigation led to the increase
in agriculture. Metal coins were introduced during this period which helped with

Mary Tudor Vs Genghis Khan
Mary Tudor vs Genghis Khan The word notorious according to Merriam–Webster.com means to be
well known for something bad (Webster). To many people this meaning may conjure images of
Emperor Nero fiddling as Rome burns, or remind them of Hitler. Hatred emerges for many when
they are reminded of people like Queen Mary Tudor or Genghis Khan. Their actions arguably have
changed the course of history. We all know and hate these people, perhaps not as much as those who
lived under their rule or influence. But we all have one thing in common. We agree they are the most
Notorious people to ever walk the earth, but never question how they came to be so cruel, heartless,
and insane. This paper will go deeper into the minds of Mary Tudor and Genghis Khan by
comparing how their childhood experiences built upon their infamous deeds to prove that their
experience with their father's, denial of rule, and tough childhood lead to them receiving the
reputation of being notorious.
To understand what makes a person notorious one must first look at their childhood because it is the
root of character many times. .Mary Tudor I of England was born February,18, 1516 (Mary Tudor).
She is the only surviving child of six belonging to king Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
(Catherine of Aragon). Her early childhood was great. All eyes were on her (Mary I). It was great
Queen Catherine had a child. But in a way it was "muted happiness". England needed a prince not a
princess (The Most).

Genghis Khan and his Army in Mongolia in 1162
Temujin, better known as Genghis Khan, was born in northern Mongolia in 1162. After uniting the
nomadic Mongolian tribes in 1206, Khan led a successful military campaign that spanned more than
three decades, pillaging vast areas of land and subjugating millions of people. Though Khan and his
armies are often thought of as cruel barbarians, his advanced military tactics and progressive
outlook on ruling painted him in a somewhat different light. Although he was born to a noble
Mongolian family, early life for Khan was violent and unpredictable. At the age of 10, his father was
poisoned and killed in an attempt to extinguish his claim to leadership. Several subsequent attempts
were made on Khan's life for this same purpose. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During an engagement between the two armies, the Mongolians deployed a false withdrawal, one of
their most common tactics. While the forces of Yinchuan attempted to recover from the initial attack
of Mongolian cavalry, a massive siege was launched upon the city. Although the Mongolian attempt
to flood the city ultimately failed, the Xi Xia ruler recognized the military superiority of the
Mongolians and decided to submit and present tribute. After conquering the kingdom of Xi Xia, the
Mongols attacked the Jin Dynasty of northern China. This war was aggravated by the Jin ruler, who
demanded that Mongolia submit to the Jin Dynasty as a vassal state. From 1211 to 1214, the
Mongolians fought a war of attrition, pillaging the countryside and sending thousands of refugees
into the cities, creating major food shortages. Seeing no alternative, the Jin army massacred tens of
thousands of its own peasants in an attempt to prevent large–scale starvation. In 1214, the
Mongolians besieged the severely weakened capital of Zhongdu (now Beijing), the Jin ruler
immediately surrendered and offered large amounts of gold, silver, silk, and horses as tribute. When
the same ruler later angered Khan by moving his court south to the city of Kaifeng, in breach of
their agreement, Khan retaliated by burning the city of Zhongdu to the ground. In 1219 Genghis
Khan

Foreign Trade In The Song Dynasty
The Foreign Trade in the Song Dynasty－From the land trade to the maritime trade
Introduction In 960, Zhao Kuangyin unified China from the Five Dynasties and founded the Song
Dynasty. In order to prevent the similar situation of the Five Dynasties happened again and achieve
political centralization, he pensioned off the generals, replaced the military governors with civil
officials, concentrated the elite troops in the palace army built up the bureaucracy from examination
and centralized the revenues, to stabilize to the politics, economy, and the society at the beginning of
the establishment of the Song Dynasty. One of the methods that stabilized the economy of the Song
Dynasty was the foreign trade.
The Song Dynasty continued the medieval ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Northern Song, the Song government had already started trading with the Jin by importing
horses as tribal trade, to support the military needs. After the establishment of the Southern Song, as
the geographical and political reasons, the Southern Song disconnected with the Silk Road in the
northwest and lost the revenues from the northwestern foreign land trade. The Southern Song
government turned to develop the northern land trade with the Jin Dynasty. The Southern Song
government firstly traded with the Jin government through the puppet ruler of Qi in 1130. Until
1141, the Southern Song government concluded a peace treaty with the Jin and fixed the boundaries
of two countries at the Huai and Han Rivers and allowed mutual trade on the state border. The
Southern Song then established the government–supervised markets quechang (榷場) in Xuyi jun,
Chu Prefecture, Huaiyang Subprefecture, and Anfeng jun etc, along with the state boundary at the
Huai and Han Rivers. Merchants could only trade with the Jin in the government–supervised
markets and comply the rules under the Southern Song government's control. The Southern Song
government placed two managerial officials at each market to manage the trade transactions and
collect tax levies from the merchants to provide incomes to the state treasury. In addition, the Song
government would collect taxes from 20% of the commodities' values, 2% from the broker and
0.4% of cash which went to the transport carriers. For example, in 1196, the national revenue from
exports at Xuyu market was approximately 100,000 guan, with the total annual income was around
80 million guan. Even though the amount of revenue was increased, the proportion of the land trade
in the Southern Song was decreased in the national

Life Of Chin Ancient Chinese Religion, Government And...
Life in China: From Shang to Han
From the ancient Chinese's advanced religion, government and treatment of one another, we can
derive many lessons to apply to our lives today. Some of these lessons include: firstly, when the
government demonstrates its support to the working middle class through benefits, the country is
strengthened by the middle class' new allegiance, expanded borders, its new ability to provide itself
with an education, and its opportunity to be apart of the government and ensure equality through
even representation. Secondly, a country whose belief system about gods and ancestors is accessible
to every person benefits the social structure, motivation morale than an institutionalized religion
provided. Lastly, when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The warring states period show us the value of the people's devotion to the king, and how easily it
could be attained. During this period, farmers felt that the nobles were their providers and protectors
because they gifted them with extra food. This feeling led to the peasants having allegiance to the
nobles, instead of to their king. Because of this feeling of allegiance, the farmers fought on behalf of
the nobles to help them conquer more land. Had the king portrayed himself as magnanimous by
gifting extra food or lower taxes to the middle class, the entire nation would have been willing to
fight on behalf of the king. With the combined force of all the people, gained through rewards and
bonuses, China would have been able to considerably expand its borders.
It is not enough for a ruler to value the farmers in speech; he must show his appreciation in a
tangible way that benefits the people. Shi Huangdi of the Qin dynasty imposed harsh taxes on all its
citizens, and peasant farmers were no exception. He applied his legalist values of efficiency and
utility to the nation as a whole to his show of appreciation of the farmers. In theory, Shi Huangdi
valued the work of farmers because they provided necessary food for the country. In practice,
however, he never demonstrated it because the reward would not have been seen as

The Life Of Lord Yu 's Prison
Lord Yu 's prison was a large room, furnished with a sizeable bed, two tables, and three chairs. A
few fur blankets, several changes of clothes, candles and two cloaks had been brought into the room.
There was a jug of wine, a teapot, and four plates of snack on the table. Despite the
accommodations, the man allowed dirt and dust to cake his body and didn 't touch any of the food.
"You 've ignored me for a week already," said Mei Changsu, after he entered the room. A week had
passed since he asked Lin Chen to make the arrangements for his visits. Every day, he sat quietly for
an hour while Lord Yu turned away from him and ignored his presence. Mei Changsu poured a cup
of tea for himself, "You must hate me."
For the first time since Mei ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After he saw Jingyan, he remembered where his loyalty lied and he figured out the identity of the
man who haunted his dreams. With that knowledge, Mei Changsu made the decision to destroy Hua
and return to Liang to seek justice for the Chiyan Army. "I can only tell you that I used to be a Liang
warrior."
"I asked for a Liang hostage knowing that Jingyan will come," said Mei Changsu. He took a sip of
the tea, appreciating the smooth texture and simple taste. "He has a peculiar knack for deducing
entire pictures from a glimpse and can concoct plans from scraps of information."
Mei Changsu watched Lord Yu take a seat on his bed once again, this time with a cup of wine in his
hand. The man sat cross–legged on the bed, like a child listening to a teacher.
"I arranged for Xia Jiang to arrest Jingyan so he would become aware of Jingyan 's talents," said
Mei Changsu.
Once Xia Jiang saw Jingyan 's aptness, he 'd predictably begun to consult Jingyan and rely on him,
creating an illusion that Xia Jiang 's loyalty was dubious. Mei Changsu continued, "When the
Imperial Secretariat killed the East Wei prince, there was an opportunity for Jingyan to save Xia
Jiang 's life, seize Xia Jiang 's trust, and help Xia Jiang regain power."
"As Jingyan distracted Xia Jiang with the Imperial Secretariat 's shenanigans and his new power, I
instilled the idea of attacking Liang into the court 's mind. Once Xia Jiang left, I revealed evidence
that he could

Chapter 1: A Short Story
Three days passed before Jingyan took a trip to Su Zhe's residence, following a familiar path to a
destination with a wholly different sort of anticipation. He made his visit at night, when there were
less watchful eyes and more shadows to hide his trail. When he finally stepped into the courtyard of
plum blossoms, he detoured to the pond before entering the still–lit room of the house. "You could
have come sooner," said Mei Changsu. The man sat beside the low table in the middle of the room,
reading a scroll with tiny words. He didn't stand to bow or look disturbed by the fact that Jingyan
simply entered his room without warning or permission. Mei Changsu said, "I was waiting for you."
"I assumed you've been by Lord Yu's side," said ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So Mei Changsu was..? Jingyan's nails created bloody creases in his palms. "Marshal Lin Xie did
desired treason," said Jingyan, almost too softly to be heard. He stood to face the window and swept
his sleeves behind him. Talking about the past always made his heart twist in an empty way. If he
hadn't overheard the conversation between Marshal Lin Xie and Prince Qi himself, he would've long
investigated the case instead of escape to the East Sea. Marshal Lin Xie'd declared that his loyalty
was to the empire and not the emperor – he'd helped the Liang Emperor ascend the throne through a
rebellion and he would do it again if necessary. In the following heartbeat, Prince Qi drew his sword
and threatened to execute Marshal Lin Xie. Jingyan said, "He didn't get a chance. Elder Brother Qi
refused, no matter how many times my Royal Father tried to tempt him to rebel." Liang Emperor
looked everywhere for a reason for kill his own son, but it was Lin Xie who gave him the excuse.
"Impossible," said Mei Changsu. Jingyan said, "Do you think I could forget the day I wondered if I
had to chose between my best friend or my family, my brother or my

A Short Story : A Story?
There were a few moments in Xia's life that she could really pinpoint as being a fork in the road,
where there was a single decision that changed everything. Turning down the expensive high school
in the next state, that was one. Thinking she would be fine jumping out of a tree, only to fall and
break her leg in six places, that was another. And right now, walking down the bustling street with
her arms full of carrots, this was one too. "Psst. Xia. It's me," a voice hissed from inside the alley
behind her. "Yu?" Xia spun around into the alley and found herself face to face with her closest
friend. Yu had been missing for months. Since last October there had been nothing from her but
radio silence. The day she disappeared, Xia had found a letter shoved under her bedside table, in
Yu's handwriting. It contained nothing but the words "I'm safe." Way to say goodbye to your best
friend before disappearing off the grid for four months, Xia thought. A million emotions swirled
through Xia as she looked up at Yu, relief, shock, anger, anger, anger. Yu looked like she always did,
dressed in jeans and a jacket despite the hot weather, with her dark hair pulled into a high bun and a
backpack slung over one shoulder. Xia wanted to hit her and hug her at the same time. "What are
you doing here?" she hissed. "Where have you been?" "I've been busy. Travelling, working a bit.
Y'know." Yu reached into her backpack and pulled out a drawstring bag. "This is for your family.
For

The Shang Dynasty: Second Administration Of China
Shang Dynasty
The Shang Dynasty (c.1600–1046 BCE) was the second administration of China which flourish the
Xia Dynasty (c. 2700–1600 BCE) after the oust of the Xia tyrant Jie by the Shang pioneer, Tang.
Since so many history specialists ask the question that Xia Dynasty truly existed, the Shang Dynasty
may have really been the first in china and the source of what must be perceived as Chinese Culture.
The dependability of the nation while the Shang Dynasty cause to so many social advances, for
example, the calendar, religious customs, and composing. The primary lord, Tang, immediately
started to work for the general population of his nation rather than for his own joy and gave a good
example to his successors. These men made a stable government which would proceed for a long
time however in the end, as indicated by the records of the Chinese students of history, they lost the
order of paradise which enabled them to run the show. (Mark and Mark, 2017)
The Shang China was originally focused in the North China Plain and connected as far north as
present Shandong and Hebei domains and westward through present–day Henan area. The leaders of
the Shang are acknowledged to have included a couple of capitals reliably, one of them possibly at
show day Zhengzhou, where there are rich archeological finds, in any case they settled at Anyang in
the 14th century BCE. The master chooses local governors, and there was a developed class of
nobles and what's more the dominant part, whose

Ancient India Vs. Ancient China Essay
Ancient India vs. Ancient China Early Indian and Chinese civilizations were very advanced for their
times. For example some areas of the Indus Valley had sewer systems while the Chinese mastered
the art of spinning Silk. The first modern humans in China date back 50,000 years. Their
populations today outnumber any country to date, which can be linked to their rich heritage dating
back thousands of years. The early people of the Indus Valley were seen as the first civilization of
India beginning around 3200 B.C.E. and lasted until the Indo–Aryans came at around 1600 B.C.E...
Judging by the varying qualities of the homes discovered, they had a class system of some sort.
They also had an economy consisting of agriculture and domestic animals. And, as mentioned
before, they even had sewer systems in the more populated areas. Once the Indo–Aryans came, the
culture of the Indus Valley people became intertwined in the new ideas of these new people.
The Indo–Aryans brought with them an economy dependent on cattle. Other animals like sheep,
goats, and horses were also valued. Grains such as barley were grown as well. They also had
musical instruments, including flutes, drums and cymbals. Their government consisted of a Raja, or
king, of certain areas. The Raja mainly protected the people, taking on the responsibility of
defending his land. The gods were called Devas, similar to the Greek gods, and were used as
personifications of natural forces. One deity was called Indra, who

The Mandate Of Heaven In Ancient China
The Mandate of Heaven is an ancient Chinese notion and idea that heaven actually granted emperors
the right to rule based on their capacity to govern properly and fairly. The Mandate of Heaven would
transfer to the one who would rule best. The Mandate of Heaven depends on whether an emperor
was sufficiently righteous to rule; if he did not fulfill his obligations as emperor, then he lost the
Mandate and his right to rule as Emperor.
After nearly four centuries of internal division, China was unified again in 581 with the Sui Dynasty
being founded by Yang Jian, who established his capital at Chang'an and began to extend his
authority throughout China. Like his predecessors, he desired a unifying ideology and turned to
Daoism and Buddhism, founding monasteries for both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 960, the Song Dynasty rose to power. Unfortunately, the Song rulers were consumed with more
problems defending their territory than any other of their predecessors. Song Taizu, the founding
emperor, failed to reconquer the northwestern part of the country from the Khitan people and was
forced to establish his capital farther to the east, at Kaifeng. When pressure from the northern
nomads increased, the court was forced to relocate the capital further south, to Hangzhou. These
emperors who ruled Hangzhou were known as the Southern Song (1127–1279). Despite their
military and political weakness, the dynasty ruled during a period of economic growth, cultural
success, and prosperity, and is therefore considered one of the more successful dynasties.
Unfortunately the Song were never able to overcome the challenge from the north, and with that
failure inevitably brought the end to this dynasty. It seemed that the "Mandate of Heaven" lasted as
long as it did due to the dynasty still being successful in some aspects, but due to the constant
problems and military weakness, the loss of the Mandate was

Confucius : The Golden Age Of China
Confucius lived at a time when China was warring among itself. He was saddened by what he saw
happening in China and wanted China to be united and great again. I do not believed Confucius sat
out to be one of China's greatest philosopher. He only wanted to return China to its glory, what he
considered to be the golden age of China. Confucius wanted to bring back the upright moral values
that the Zhou Dynasty modeled. Confucius believed that if he can find an emperor that will adopt
his teachings they will maintain the Tianming or the Mandate of Heaven. The Mandate of Heaven
was very important at those times since the Duke of the Zhou made a speech explaining that heaven
gave a family the right to rule and that Dynasties ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His thinking was that strong families will make strong communities which will make a strong
government. Confucius believed that if the Emperor lived morally so will the people. If the Emperor
didn't show respect to his elders, then what will his followers do? Confucius saw the Emperor as the
father to the whole country. Confucius says, "If you desire what is good, the people will be good.
The moral power of the gentleman is wind, the moral power of the common man is grass. Under the
wind, the grass must bend. (777)'. The gentleman was a man who had perfected being a superior
man and Confucius believed all men should strive to become a gentleman. Confucius saw Filal piety
associated with a state of mind that people knew who they were and where their place was in life
and respected one another accordingly. This action he believed brought order and stability to the
people. Confucius saw Filal piety in the way the Duke of the Zhou declared himself regent to his
nephew, and while most thought he was trying get the throne. He only wanted to make sure the
neighboring Lords did not take advantage of the young King. This is a great example of Filal piety.
The Duke of Zhou cared for his nephew the way he should. In this behavior you can see that the
duke of Zhou had the teaching of Filal piety instilled him. Confucius says, "When the father is alive,
watch the son's actions. If three years later, the son has not veered from the father's way, he may be
called a

The Culture Of A Country
What defines culture? According to dictionary.reference.com culture is the behaviors and beliefs
characteristic of a particular social, ethnic, or age group. The quality in a person or society that
arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits
etc. ("Culture" Dictionary.reference.com/browse/culture). People refer to culture as a way of life of a
group of people. In the early 16th century, the word culture came about with a suggestion to
cultivating land or "tilling" land. People for the most part take their culture, or way of life, very
seriously. Researching the culture of another country is essential in order to learn and understand
appropriate behavior in a country that may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Inherently the Shang Dynasty will fall after another rebellion at the Battle of Muye, bringing to
power the Zhou Dynasty from 1046 – 226 BCE. China eventually will fall under three more
Dynasty's; Qin, Han, and Tang before the People's Republic of China forms on the premise that
everyone in the population is equal. The overarching themes that make up culture are religion,
economics, politics, food, and social stratification. All themes appear to be equal throughout a
culture; however, the three main themes that can completely alter a culture are religion, economics,
and politics. These main themes play an existential role in how the Chinese culture for the most part
remains virtually the same to this day. Religion is one of the biggest players in the Chinese culture
because religion introduced from Dynasty were significant changes from the norm. Ancient
religions such as Buddhism and Confucianism are still in practice to this day. Politics under the first
Dynasty evolve when the first government forms, and through time slight changes occur. China,
post Dynasty era, formally represents itself as a Communist state controlled by a government
comprised of three interlocking branches with the highest level being the Executive branch. China is
divided into 23 provinces ran by the chief of state who is actually the president, elected by the
National People's Congress, and holds

The Rise and Fall of Dynasties in China
The rise and fall of dynasties in china
Introduction
Rhoads Murphey describes the history of China history is on the succession of dynasties that ruled it
over a period of time until around 1912 when Republic of china was formed before rising to the
current People's Republic of China was formed in 1949. In China, a dynasty was made up of Kings
or emperors that came from the same family. They ruled in succession where a king could be
inherited by his son or his immediate relatives. Although china's history is majorly regarded on the
basis of dynastic ruling, other small kingdoms were established that ruled different part of china. For
example, in 200AD, the fall of great Han dynasty triggered formation of smaller kingdoms all over
the china which were later united by a short lived Sui Dynasty that reigned between 580 and 618
AD.
In Murphey's book varied dynasties have been described how they came to power and how they
eventually collapsed. From his book, various reasons for dynastic rise in china can be summarized
as follows; most dynasties were founded through force and especially when there was disorder in a
given dynasty. This could even break into a fight and those who won could take up and rule for a
period of time waiting to be overthrown by other powerful people. Dynasty could also rise as a
result of leaders who were very powerful and vigourous. These leaders could create their own stable
and prosperous kingdom that secured it territories and people.

The Causes Of Civilization : The Rise And Fall Of...
Every civilization that has, does, or exist, will or has fallen but why? About 12,000 years ago the
Neolithic Revolution began and people, starting in the Mesopotamia area, began to settle. This
sparked the beginning of a time where people lived in city–states and eventually empires. The
people worked together to learn the skills of farming and other job specialization causing many to
leave the Nomadic lifestyle, but even as many civilizations grew, they wouldn't and didn't last
forever and eventually, they all came to an end. Even when a civilization would fail, a start of a new
one rose up from the ashes adapting and creating their own place in history. From Neolithic to
civilizations rise and fall a lot had to happen, and many characteristics were essential to the cause of
the rise and fall. First, we have the change from nomadic, hunters and scavengers, life to
civilizations that grew from hundreds to thousands, and then to millions of people. This change took
thousands of years to happen with one of the first civilizations to be the Sumer, a city–state. During
this time people learned how to farm by domesticating crops, working together, and having people
have job specializations, helping thing become more productive. The Neolithic Revolution changed
the world forever people know relied on other people to contribute their job for the greater good of
everyone. The basic characteristics of civilizations are organized government, complex religions,
job specializations,

Essay on Formation of the Chinese Civilization
Lee Bailey, Sr.
His 104
Formation of Chinese Civilization
The Chinese civilization was first started during the Xia (2200 BCE–1750 BCE).
This it during this era that Chinese people would start to improve upon previous
Civilizations. In this essay will see how China progressed throughout history to what it has become
based on the their ability to learn from other civilizations and improve upon their own.
Agriculture was the bases for all civilizations. They learned ways to cultivate the land and grow
crops for the survival of their people. China's most important water source for agriculture was the
Yellow river. This river was very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Along with social stature came family and Patriarchy. Generally the man of the family would be the
head of household. He would also be the one to perform ceremonies to honor their past ancestors.
This customary honoring of the ancestor is known as Veneration. The family will have gatherings to
honor past relatives and the father would be the lead patriarch. Even though males were the
dominate role in the family, women would take over the household duties.
Confucisiam had a large impact on China. Confucius lived 551–479 BCE. He was a great
contributor to the Chinese people. He was considered an educator and a political advisor (Bentley
and Zeigler p150). He never wrote down his ideas or fundamentals, but his pupils did in the Book of
Analects. Confucius thought was fundamentally and morally practical. He believed in Junzi,
"superior individuals" (Bentley and Ziegler p151).
Since China didn't have religion they took to Confucian values. Ren, kindness and
Benevolence. Li, a sense of propriety. Xiao, Filial piety. Junzi would bring order to China.
Daoism was sort of a critic to Confucius. Daoist believe in the way of nature and
going

Development of Early Chinese Art: Neolithic Shang Zhou and...
Development of Early Chinese Art: Neolithic, Shang, Zhou, and Han Period Objective The objective
of this study is to examine the development of early Chinese Art, Neolithic, Shang, Zhou, and Han
Period and to describe the form, purpose and symbolism as well as the decorative motifs such as
tao–tie, animal heads, dragon, and bird motifs that appear in the jade and bronzes during this time
period. Introduction The Neolithic Period is part of prehistory, which is usually broken down into
two main sections including Paleolithic and Neolithic. The Neolithic beings about 7,000 or 8,000
BCE and ends with the Bronze Age." (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 2009) Yanghao
pottery is reported to be ""¦.characterized by the use of reddish earthenware painted with black
decorative designs. In some instances the designs resemble mask shapes with fish–like protrusions,
in others, the designs are swirling patterns with a tooth–like pattern." (The Metropolitan Museum of
Art, New York.,2009) Approximately 90% of Banshan pottery is reported to be painted. (The
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. 2009) The late Neolithic period is characterized by objects
including jade moving beyond utilitarian purpose to acquire special significance stated to be
'associated with the ruling elite." (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2009) This is stated
to have extended to bronze, and particularly those used in casting ritual vessels. The Xia dynasty is
one of the legendary ruling

Compare And Contrast The Dynasties Of China And India
The history of the development of China and India are very different. India was broken up into
many different settlements ran by different people, such as dynasties and empires. On the other
hand, China was always more united and was also ran by a dynasty. A dynasty is a government ran
by the same family, only to be thrown out of power by a new dynasty. The dynasties of China were
successful, where as the dynasties of India were not as fortunate. There were a few factors that set
the Chinese dynasties up for success compared to the Indian dynasties.
One of important factors was that religious sentiments did not affect the strength of the leadership in
China. This made Chinese unification a lot easier. India was not able to unify itself because

Changes And Continuities Of China
Tracing back the history of China, Xia Dynasty of the second millennium BCE was the earliest
dynasty in China, which was centered along the Yellow River. Before China was unified, it was the
time during which most of China's cultural tradition arose. Chinese civilization ascended and
developed in a vast area, one–third larger than the United States if such dependencies as Manchuria,
Inner Mongolia, and Tibet are included. For centuries China was almost completely isolated from
the other centers of civilization by mountains, deserts, and seas. This isolation helps explain the
great originality of China's culture. China has many mountain ranges and three river systems that
rise close together on the high Tibetan plateau and flow eastward to

How Did The Shang Dynasty Influence Early Chinese Society
Early Chinese society was ruled by different dynasties. The dynastic rule was an important part of
the culture and its development. The rule was passed on from father to son, making the dynasty
ruled by a family. Xia Dynasty The Xia dynasty was the first historically known dynasty. It ruled
China from 2200–1750 B.C.E. by Yu and his son (Judge and Langdon, 2016).The Xia dynasty
controlled/ruled many of the cities and towns along side of China's yellow river. They created many
palaces, tombs and paved the roads of China. The Xia dynasty is responsible for creating the early
bronze tools and weapons. Through scholarly arguments it is believed that the Xia dynasty was a
mythological dynasty that never existed. They ruled China up until they were overthrown by the
Shang dynasty (Judge and Langdon, 2016). Shang Dynasty The Shang dynasty were the first to
perfect the use of the Xia bronze tools and weapons. They divided the Chinese society into a
stratified society that was much like a war system. The most important people ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
He was able to united China under one ruler by conquering nearly all of China, thus he became
known as Shihuangdi (the first emperor). The joining of the kingdoms was the cause of the Great
Wall of China to be built because it was supposed to provide help to the joined forces; by prevent
the invasions from the northerners. Qin Shi Huang maintained a strict ruling and very strict
consequences. He used many things to punish those who went against his dynastic rule, such as
branding or burying offenders alive (Judge and Langdon, 2016). His strict laws were so extreme and
alienated the people of China, that he eventually became very paranoid. Because of his obsession
with death, the first emperor sought the help of oracles and magicians to try and find formulas for
eternal life and many sea expeditions (Judge and Langdon,

The Physical State Of Being Alive Worth It?
Jingyan said, "I wonder why there aren 't more people like you in the world." "I am nothing special,"
said Yuan. "I just think: if losing your soul is only the way to survive, is the physical state of being
alive worth it?" "You 've seen too much for your age," said Jingyan. Jingyan turned to Yuan,
catching how the young man was chewing on the inside of his cheeks and lips again. From the
moment Yuan slipped and sent that tile to the ground earlier tonight, Jingyan thought the young man
was unreasonably distracted. "Did something happen today?" Yuan said, "Princess Kara–Shutai
killed my father and committed suicide." Jingyan 's eyes snapped to Yuan 's face. "My mother was
the Chief of the White Shadow Sect," said Yuan. "When she realized my father wanted to marry
Princess Kara–Shutai, she stopped taking her medicine. They were married a day before she passed
away and I vowed to become everything my father didn 't want me to be." "Once Xia Jiang is
released from his house arrested, he will kill many, many people," said Yuan. "I don 't think I will
survive that bloodbath." "Don 't say things like that," said Jingyan. Deep inside, he knew Xia Jiang
was a man of impulse. He 'd been humiliated today and his wrath would descend on anything he
could access, in the most violent and bloody way possible. Jingyan 's guess of how many people Xia
Jiang would slaughter in vengeance was staggering. "Sorry," said Yuan. "I should not burden you
with my woes." "Don 't say things like

Genhis Khan The Great Essay
His name struck anguish in the hearts across Asia, yet he remains an icon to the people of Mongolia.
He could slay thousands without flinching. He was considered one of the most barbaric people ever,
yet he ruled fairly. He gave his enemies one simple choice: surrender and be enslaved, or die. By
consistently enforcing discipline, rewarding skill and allegiance, and punishing those who opposed
him, he established a vast empire.
His empire was far greater than Alexander the Great. Meet the man behind the myths, the
incomparable Genghis Khan.
Yisugei was relived after his son, Temujin was born. The chief thought that the boy was going to be
a worthy successor to his throne. Temujin had a fire in his eye according to the people of the ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The men had to walk across deserts for weeks. They survived the trip by drinking blood and milk
from their horses.
Genghis defeated the Xi Xia Empire very easily. Genghis was the only person who ever broke
through the Great Wall of China. He arrived at the wall in late 1214. He surveyed the wall and found
a weak spot.
He broke through the wall in 1215. The emperor realized that there was no escape and offered gold,
silver, slaves, horses, and a woman. Genghis agreed to retreat. Xuanzong and his officials fled the
city. Genghis got very mad. He stormed into the city and let all the people starve. His men looted the
city and completely destroyed it. He conquered the city, which is now Beijing.
His domination began in 1216. He beheaded the King of the Qin Empire. In doing so, he was the
leader of two kingdoms. People realize that he had a lot of power. Leaders rushed out to make peace
treaties.
Shah Muhammad was the first man to ever test Genghis. Genghis was happy that the head of the
Khwarizm Empire signed a peace treaty. Shah Muhammad broke the treaty when he killed a
Mongolian ambassador. He sent the head to Genghis. Muhammad is killed by Genghis in less then
two days. Everyone in the city is enslaved. This is where Khan says; &#8220;I am the
punishment of God';. (Ratchnevsky, 168)
Genghis had one last

Compare And Contrast The Shang And Shang Dynasty
The Chinese civilization was established along the Huang He river, and from there they expanded
on the east coast of present day China in each dynasty. The first dynasty was the Xia dynasty which
made the Chinese civilization in two–thousand seventy b.c. the dynasty was led by Yu the great, but
he gave his power to his son Qi, which created the dynastic rule, the ruling family passes power
down through the family. The Shang dynasty followed the Xia dynasty by ruling from one–thousand
sixty–six b.c. to one–thousand twenty–two b.c. in the corner of northern China. The capital city of
the Shang dynasty was Anyang which was located above the Huang He river. The third dynasty was
the Zhou dynasty which started in one–thousand twenty–two b.c. after the king of Shang was
overthrown after losing his right to rule by becoming corrupt. The Zhou dynasty claimed the largest
part of land than the other dynasties. The Social part of ancient China was the hierarchy. Hierarchy
is the divisions of different people based on what they do or how much money they made, the social
standing of your family could never change no matter what happened because the hierarchy meant
that their is only a set of jobs that you could do if you were born to that family. The type of
hierarchy that China followed was Feudalism in which the people got little money while the nobles
and emperors got a lot of money. The hierarchy in order of the Chinese people was the royals on top,
noble warriors just

My Hometown
Hello everyone，welcome to my hometown. Zoucheng is located in the southwest of
Shandong,China. Zoucheng is one of the key tourist city of the province. It covers an area of 1,616
square kilometers with a population of 1.5 million. It's a place where you can relax yourself and
enjoy Chinese traditional culture. Now please let me introduce you my charming hometown.
1. Comfortable climate
Zoucheng belongs to warm temperate zone monsoon climate types, with a dry winter, wet summer,
significant winds, four seasons. So you can enjoy different beautiful scenery of different seasons,
such as many kinds of beautiful flowers in spring.If you come here in winter, you can ski on the
Mountain Yi.
2. Long history
As early as six thousand years ago, our ancestor lived here for generations.
During the Xia Dynasty, Zoucheng belongs to the "Yu Gong" in the "Xuzhou" domain.
During the Shang Dynasty, Zoucheng belongs to the Yan country.
During the Zhou Dynasty,Zoucheng attached to the Lu country.
3. Historical and cultural heritage
Zoucheng is the birthplace of Mencius. Mencius is the great thinkers and educators well known in
the world. There are Mencius Family Mansion, Mencius Temple and Cemetery of Confucius in
Zoucheng, You can feel the greatness of Chinese Confucian culture in these places.
4. Famous scenic spot
(1) Mountain Yi
Mountain Yi, also called as Mountain Zouyi or Mountain Dong, 582.8 meters above sea level, is one
of the nine famous ancient and cultural mountains in China.It is

Xia And Shang Dynasties Research Paper
Ancient Chinese civilization can be marked back to the Xia and Shang dynasties. Existing before
were agricultural communities; people fished, raised livestock, hunted, and gathered. They grew
millet (malted into beer) where water and field were available. They knitted, spun threads into cloth,
created things, art. They lived in pit homes, forming villages. Villages grew, and the North China
Plain grew with it into an extensive area with a solid population, possibly due to associative efforts
for flood management and irrigation. These early agricultural communities constituted the basis for
oncoming dynasties. Food production above those of subsistence farming encouraged plunder and
conquest. Comparable to West Asia, kings of conquest emerged ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The trustees possessed a militia, earned priesthood callings, received gifts and titles (lord/gong), and
bequeathed their status to their heirs. While an aristocrat's heritage was documented, commoners'
was not, and had no surnames or marriage rites–they commenced by living together. A hierarchy had
already formed. Lords to sub–lords to common people, and within those families. the eldest male to
the youngest, the first wife to the concubines. The eldest heir became the new head, and any
concubines would rank below the wife. As in many early civilizations, gender and social equality
were insubstantial, leading to, and as a result of, patriarchal and hierarchy systems. These systems
have continued through the dynasties, and still are in a few

Genghis Khan Thesis
Genghis Khan was born 1162 in Delüün Boldog in north east asia his birth name was Temujin he
was a mongolian Warrior and was the founder of the mongolian empire. Genghis Khan married at
the age of 16 but had many wives and kids. Genghis Khan means "Universal leader" this title was
bestowed on a young Temujin after many victories over rival Mongol tribes.
At the age 20 Genghis started to build his huge mongolian empire by hunting down and destroying
individual tribes in north east asia.As more tribes got invaded the empire grew bigger making it the
biggest empire in the world. As the empire started to grow bigger the empire grew faster some tribes
were so scared of the mongolians they serenaded as soon as the mongolians started raiding them.
The success of the mongolians is mostly because of Genghis Khan's brilliant Military tactics, he
new his enemies very well and was quick to adopt their latest technologies and used spies to find out
about them. His fighters of about 80,000 were well trained and used signaling systems of smoke and
burning torches. The Mongols were also amazing horse men the could maneuver their horses using
only their legs, leaving their hands free to shoot arrows. Genghis ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
but after the mongol diplomatic mission was attacked by the governor of Otrar, Khan demanded the
governor be extradited to him and he sent one of his diplomats to retrieve him. The leader of the
Khwarizm Dynasty refused this demand and sent Khans diplomats head back to him.This made
Genghis very angry and he personally took control of planning a three prong attack of 200,000
mongol soldiers against the Khwarizm Dynasty. The Mongols fury was unstoppable, slaughtering
thousands and using prisoners as human shields when they attacked the next city this all began in
1219 and by 1221 the Khwarizm Dynasty was no

Xia Dynasty Essay
The Xia Dynasty
Overview
There are ancient accounts about the history of a small kingdom along the Yellow River that existed
from about 2,000 BC to 1,600 BC. The main ancient accounts are in the Records of the Grand
Historian (史記) that were written between about 109 BC and 91 BC by Sima Qian and another
textthat is called the Bamboo Annals (竹書紀年) that was a text that was said to have been buried
with the King of Wei who died in 296 BC and was rediscovered in 281 AD during the Jin Dynasty.
The text was written on flat pieces of bamboo, and this is why it is called the Bamboo Annals. Are
these accounts accurate? It is said that the Xia Dynasty people didn't keep written records, but that
their histories were passed orally. Archeologists ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
More to the south of modern Shaanxi area, where the part of the Chinese population was greater
than in the west, agriculture was the main economical tradition. The largest part of the territory was
owned by the state or the emperor and was given to farming peasants who in turn had to pay taxes.
Most other parts belonged to the Tangut aristocracy and to state officials, but also to Buddhist and
Daoist monasteries. Only few peasants and private persons owned larger parts of land, but it was
allowed to open up and to new land in mountainous and remote areas.
The rulers Li Jiqian 李繼遷 and Li Deming 李德明 supported the construction of irrigation canals
that were crucial for the development of a qualified agriculture in arid areas, especially around the
capital Xingqing 興慶 (modern Yinchuan 銀川/Ningxia). One of these cannels is called "Royal
cannel of the Li [clan]" (Liwang qu 李王渠). The produced grain was stored in imperial granaries
(yucang 衘倉). Although far the greatest part of the peasants were Chinese, in the course of time
more and more Tangut or other Non–Chinese engaged in farming instead of cattle breeding. A very
important and successful economical sphere was the production of woolen products, basing on the
large herds. Wall paintings in stone caves depict scenes of daily life and of artisanry and
craftsmenship. Iron production was well developed – partially due to the permanent warfare with the

Ancient China's Influence

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