education

1. Monika
B.ED (FIRST YEAR)
SECOND SEMESTER
ROLL NO. 02417402116
04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 1

2. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 2
Evolution of Educational
Technology
TIMETIME
TIME
IMPACT
Internet:Internet:
GreatestGreatest
impactimpact

3. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 3
Rationale for using technology
• Support for new
instructional
approaches
– Cooperative learning
– Shared Intelligence
and knowledge
– Problem solving and
higher-level skills
• Increased teacher
productivity
– Freeing time to work
with students
– Provide more accurate
information quickly
– Produce more
“student-friendly”
materials (use of
multimedia elements)

4. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 4
Rationale for using technology
• Motivation
– Gain learner attention
– Engage learner
through productive
activity
– Increased perception of
control
• Unique instructional
capabilities
– Link learners to information
resources
– Help learners visualize
problems and solutions
through images and
animation
– Track learners progress
– Link learners to learning
tools

5. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 5
Definitions of e-learning
• 'E-learning refers to learning activities that involve computers
and networks. (The Internet and intranets are considered
networks.) E-learning does not require learning materials to
be delivered by computer, but computers and networks must
be involved in this type of learning. (Becta, UK)
• 'DEL (distributed and electronic learning) can be represented
as a spectrum ranging from Internet-supported distance
learning in which the learner has limited physical contact with
the tutor or other learners, to teacher-led, classroom-based
activity which is interspersed with occasional computer-
delivered or facilitated assignments.‘ (Edna, Australia)

6. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 6
Traditional and Technology-based approaches
Traditional Classroom Technology-based
Classroom • Physical – limited size
• Synchronous
• Unlimited
• Anytime, anywhere
Content • Using Power Point/
transparency/etc
• Textbooks/library
• Video
• Collaboration
• Multimedia / simulation
• Digital library
• On demand
• Syn & Asynchronous
Communication
Personalisation • One learning path • Learning path and pace
determined by learner

7. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 7
The Role of the
Teacher/Instructor

8. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 8
The Challenges of Education Today
• Liberal arts education to
vocational education and
human resource development
– creating “knowledge
workers” in science and
technology
• Theoretical to practical
• Single discipline to
Multidisciplinary to Integrated
Knowledge
• Knowledge as Truth to
Knowledge as Relative
• Childhood to Adult to Lifelong
learning
• Education for a few to
Education for all
(democratization of education)
• Learning as an individual
process to Learning as an
institutional phenomenon
(learning organizations)
• Teacher-centred to Student-
centred
• Rote learning to Learning as
reflection and application
• Face-to-face to Distance to E-
learning to Mobile learning

9. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 9
Conclusion
• Integrating educational technology refers to
the process of determining which electronic
tools and which methods for implementing
them are appropriate for a given situation
and problem
– Direct technology resources to specific problems
and needs
• Instructional technology resources for students
• Productivity applications for teachers
– Anticipate and plan for change
– Separate fad from fact

10. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 10
The Premise Today
Information and Communication Technologies?

11. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 11
The Problem
• Most assumes single learner, self-paced
learning
• Often little more than textbooks online?
• Content centric, transmission model of
education
– what is the implied pedagogy?

12. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 12
Academic shovelware….
• “The extent to which a student gains the
same pedagogical benefit from a printout
of your Web resources as from the
resources themselves is the extent to
which you have done nothing of the
pedagogical value of using the Web.”
(Fraser, 1999)

13. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 13
What is needed in e-learning?
• A rethinking of learning activities and
interactions:
– Learner engagement
– A meaningful and authentic context for
learning
– A setting that challenges learners
– A provision for practice
– Choice of the right tool for the pedagogical
task
(Boud & Prosser, 2002)

14. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 14
Technology affordances
• Enable visual and oral information display within a
software
• Supports constructivist, problem-focused philosophical
orientation
• Increased recognition of social collaboration as part of
learning
• Computer Mediated communication allows collaboration
breaking the nexus of time and location
• Increasing modularisation of individual elements that are
retrieved from databases and employed in varied
contexts.

15. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 15
Introducing Learning Design
• Learning Design is a name given to a new field
of e-learning technology
• Learning Design = Sequence of Collaborative
Learning Activities
• Learning Design can incorporate single learner
content, but also collaborative tasks or activities
such as discussion, voting, small group debate
etc.
• “Wraps” a single-learner Learning Objects with a
sequence of collaborative tasks

16. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 16
Anatomy of e-learning
Outcome Digital
Asset
(LO)
Learning
Design
Support Assessment
Create
Evaluate
Synthesize
Analyze
Apply
Recall
Photograph
Diagram/
Map
Text
Simulation
Animation
Video clip
Audio clip
Musical
score
Journal (blog)
Tutorial
Case study
Presentation
Games
WebQuest
Experiment
Role-playing
Trouble
shooting
Problem
solving
Composing
E-portfolio
FAQ
Checklists
Self checking
Collaboration
with others
Links to other
resources
Filing system/
briefcase
Self test,
Quiz,
Essay,
Report Journal,
Plan/Blueprint,
Visual
Representation,
Hypothesis/
Prognosis,
Presentation,
Peer critique

17. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 17
Definitions of Learning Object
• “Any digital resource that can be reused to support learning.” (Wiley,
2002)
• “ Learning objects are sometimes defined as being educational
resources that can be employed in technology-supported learning.”
McGreal (2004)
• “Learning objects are digital materials used to create online courses
where these materials are modular, interoperable, reusable and
discoverable.” Downes, Stephen(2004)
• “A learning object is “an aggregation of one or more digital assets,
incorporating metadata, which represents an educationally
meaningful stand-alone unit.’ Dalziel (2003)
• 4. “A learning object is a self-contained block of learning that fulfills
a single, stated learning objective.”– American Society for Training
& Development.[1]
•
[1] See http://www.astd.org Next

18. 04/12/17 Seminar LKS-2008 18
e-Learning Model